201901 Hokkaido Conference Proceedings (SS)

ISSSM-0343 Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety in Vietnamese Students Studying in English Class in the University in Taiwan Teng-Huang Yu Department of Applied Foreign Languages, Takming Universtity of Science and Technology E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Background: Foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA) is a type of anxiety or nervousness commonly experienced by foreign language learners in the classroom environment, especially in speaking activities. Aims: This study examines FLCA among Vietnamese students studying in English classes in the university in Taiwan. Its main objectives are to explore the development of FLCA among Vietnamese learners of English, understand the ways that FLCA affects their learning and performance, and confirm the validity of FLCA as an affective variable that potentially inhibits Vietnamese learner outcomes. Sample: I will conduct a case study investigating potential sources of anxiety for Vietnamese students taking a weekly listening and speaking class for English at Takming University of Science and Technology, where there are over two hundred Vietnamese students studying for their bachelor programs. Method: This research will employ a survey that combined quantitative and qualitative elements whereby students answer open-ended questions and describe any anxiety-experiences related to the course. The results will be analyzed with the Steps for coding and Theorization (SCAT) method, an inductive analysis method in which certain descriptions are extracted, coded and interpreted. 298

ISSSM-0320 The Estimation of Single Mediation Model in Variables with Measurement Errors Jia-Ren Tsaia, Ching-Yun Yub,* a Department of Statistics and Information Science, Fu Jen Catholic University b Department of Psychology and Counseling, University of Taipei * E-mail: [email protected] 1. Background In educational fields and social science, we often encounter theories and models involving mediation (or mediated) effect. The mediation (or mediated) effect specifies the part of the model in which the independent variable indirectly affects the dependent variable through the mediator. Nevertheless, measurement errors usually exist in the data obtained from any experiments, and the estimation of the parameters are affected by the magnitude of errors. This study applied the results of approach to linear mediation model. We also derived the covariance matrix based on the model-based expectation estimation. The simulation study and an empirical example are analyzed. We discussed the estimation results of rejection rate and draw their shapes when variable with measurement errors. 2. Methods Our aims are to evaluate mediation effect in single mediation model (MacKinnon, 2008) has affect by measurement errors and discuss the impact of measurement errors on estimation and testing. In this study, we adopted the adjusted least square (ALS) which was suggested by Cheng and Schneeweiss (1998) and to estimate unknown parameters. In my knowledge, there is no literature applied this method to discuss the single mediation model. In addition, we adopt uses sandwich estimation to estimate covariance matrix for parameters. To derivation of approximate covariance matrix using unbiased estimating equation theory, the asymptotic covariances of the corresponding estimators can be find by unbiased estimating equation theory, see Carroll, Ruppert, Stefanski, and Crainiceanu (2006) for more details. Also, once the regression parameters for indirect effects are calculated, significance tests are needed. For a significance test of the mediation effect, ab , we adopt an approximate “plug-in” approach that substitutes sample estimates for unknown parameters (Tofighi & MacKinnon, 2016). A hypothesis for ab is as follows: H 0 : ab  0 verus H1 : ab  0 Let Vab denote the asymptotic sample variance of ab , then the generalized Wald test can be constructed by 299

      2 Wald  n aˆbˆ T Vab' 1 aˆbˆ , which is a chi-square distribution with one degree of freedom. If the null hypothesis is rejected, it implies that the variable M is a mediator with statistically significance. 3. Results In fact, OLS estimator be bias estimation and inconsistence when variable with measurement errors. Moreover, we extended the ALS method to linear single mediation models and derive the estimators and asymptotic covariance matrix for parameters when variables with measurement errors. We investigate the performance of various simulation setting for the variable of mediated model with measurement errors. Based on the sample size and error variance, the rejection rate can be compared. Commonly used sample sizes in social science were investigated in the present study. More precisely, (1) When the variances of measurement error are small, the OLS may still be used. However, the bias for OLS estimates increase with increasing measurement error variances. (2) When the measurement error variances increase, the ALS method maintains accurate rejection regions. However, when samples sizes are large with larger size of parameters, its rejection regions tended to be conservative. (3) When slope parameters are larger, the rejection regions of the OLS become too conservative, especially for larger sample sizes. In contrast, the ALS method still maintains reasonable rejection regions. (4) In this study, we adopted ALS to estimate unknown parameters when variables of model with homoscedastic errors. In fact, we also can extent ALS to model with heteroscedastic errors case. Keywords: Adjusted least square method; Measurement error; Mediated effect; Mediation models. 4. References Cheng, C.-L. & Van Ness, J. W. (1999). Statistical regression with measurement error. Arnold, London. Carroll, R. J., Ruppert, D., Stefanski, L. A. and Crainiceanu, C. M. (2006). Measurement error in nonlinear models. A modern perspective. 2nd ed. London: Chapman & Hall. Cheng, C.-L. & Schneeweiss, J. W. (1998). Polynomial regression with errors in the variables. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, 60, 189-199. MacKinnon, D. P. (2008). Introduction to statistical mediation analysis. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Tofighi, D., & MacKinnon, D. P. (2016). Monte Carlo confidence intervals for complex functions of indirect effect. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 23, 194-205. 300

ISSSM-0336 Evaluation of Satisfaction Toward Admission to Further Education of the Undergraduate Students in the Faculty of Education and Liberal Arts at Nakhonratchasima College, Thailand Saruda Chaisuwan*, Chalinee Paladprom, Siriphon Suwanrangsi, Thiraphat Witchayaphong, Titima Panyong, Kanthima Sawangwong Faculty of Education and Liberal Arts, Nakhonratchasima College, Thailand * E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The purpose of this study were 1) to study the receiving information for admission to further education of the undergraduate students. 2) to select factors for further education of the undergraduate education in the Faculty of Education and Liberal Arts at Nakhonratchasima College and 3) to evaluation of the degree of satisfaction toward admission to further education of the undergraduate students in the Faculty of Education and Liberal Arts at Nakhonratchasima College in the Academic Year 2018. The population were 10 students. The research instruments used in this study were questionnaires with four parts each. The first part of the questionnaires were about receiving information regarding admissions. The second part were selecting factors for further education of the undergraduate students in the Faculty of Education and Liberal Arts at Nakhonratchasima college. The third part were questions about rating scales for evaluated the degree of satisfaction towards admission to further education in the undergraduate education of the Faculty of Education and Liberal Arts at Nakhonratchasima College and the final part of the questionnaires were open-ended questions the Recommendations to promote and the admission to the Faculty of Education and Liberal Arts at Nakhonratchasima College. The content validity of the questionnaire was checked by five experts and it showed that the estimated reliability coefficient was 0.91, The analytical statistics used to analyze the quantitative data were frequency, mean and standard deviation. The results of the research were follows: 1) 7 participate (70 %) of students was the receiving information toward admission to further education from peers and 3 participated (30 %) getting information regarding admissions from the Nakhonratchasima College website. 2) Program to suit the needs for learners was a factors for further education of the undergraduate education in the Faculty of Education and Liberal Arts at Nakhonratchasima College, 10 participants (100 %). 3) Evaluation of the degree of satisfaction toward admission to further education of the undergraduate studies in the Faculty of Education and Liberal Arts at Nakhonratchasima College 301

in average was at high level (= 4.30,  = 0.64), when each aspect was examined the finding showed that: The highest mean of staff services (= 4.75,  = 0.45), the second highest mean was advise or consultation from staff (= 4.67,  = 0.49), and the lowest mean was the post-registration verification ( = 4.00,  = 0.85). Keywords: Satisfaction, Admission to further education, undergraduate studies. 1. Background The teacher is the second parent to the parent. The practice or support that you make to the disciples is to teach the students fully. It also determines the quality of the population in society. And the quality of the population in the society is the predictor of success in the country (Saruda Chaisuwan, 2017). Being good and good as a teacher is what the society expects. At the same time, the value of being a teacher is increasingly recognized by society. The curriculum for basic education teachers in higher education is the undergraduate curriculum (5 years). For the viewpoint of Mathayomsuksa 6 students about the decision to choose the teacher profession, there is an interesting point that the factors that affect the decision making to choose a teacher career are the factors of the teachers' perspective. Factors affecting decision making of teachers The Faculty of Education and Education is The background of the students is that these factors affect students and students who decide whether or not to study in the Faculty of Education and Education. (Khwanthida Muneerat, and others, 2015) The teacher is important profession job because it is a career in the profession. The development of human resources in the country has the ability to develop countries in various fields. (Jittirat Saengloetuthai, 2016). Teacher production in the modern age is of high quality. The candidates for the new teacher is a good teacher and teacher. In many institutions, the scores of the candidates go to the Faculty of Education / Higher Education than other faculties. The Faculty of Education / Education should be taught to be of high quality. These new teachers will be more skilled. (Paitoon Sinlarat, 2015) Educational institutions should pay attention to quality assurance in education. Implementation of educational quality standards and audit procedures; Evaluations that meet quality standards. Any more education? (Murgatroyd, Stephen and Morgan, Colin,1994) Teacher Production for Quality and Standards of Higher Education Institutions Must be within the framework of The National Education Act of 1999 (2nd Amendment in 2002) has set forth aims and rationale for education management that emphasize quality and standards. The details are delineated in Section 6: Standards and Education Quality Assurance. This assurance is composed of an ‘Internal Quality Assurance System’ and an ‘External Quality Assurance System.’ It is supposed to be a mechanism for maintaining the quality and standards of Thai higher education institutions. Internal educational quality assurance at the Program of Studies Level is comprised of 6 components: (1) standard control, (2) graduates, (3) students, (4) instructors, (5) curriculum for learning/teaching, and learner evaluation, and (6) learning 302

supports. In components 3 students show one major factor in successful educational management is students. Thus, a student quality assurance system must place importance on methodically recruiting or admitting qualified and prepared students into a program so that they will successfully complete it. (Office of the Higher Education Commission Ministry of Education, 2017) Starting with the knowledge of higher education, students need to keep track of their education as an invention, and one important thing that students miss is their opportunity to receive information. Not able to make effective decisions. (Wanlapa Wongsakdirin, 2017) Nakhonratchasima College policy is to create teaching and learning excellence by organizing study programs that produce graduates capable of fulfilling the country’s needs regarding qualified personnel for different academic fields. That opened its Bachelor of Education program In the academic year 2018 was the first year, this is a teacher profession. For the reasons mentioned above, as the researcher administrative in the department responsible for producing professional teachers, Nakhonratchasima College has launched the Bachelor of Education program. This is a first year of profession teacher program. That's important to prepare the production of teachers sufficient for teachers who are going to retire. Interested to study the satisfaction with the admission to the Faculty of Education and Liberal Arts at Nakhonratchasima college, for the basis for the agency. Teachers and teachers use the results of the research to promote and develop the next year. In order to be aware of the need and the perceptions of information about higher education in secondary school students To provide guidance to those involved in providing information on higher education to information that is consistent with the needs of students so that they can make informed decisions in accordance with their needs. The ability of students to continue. 2. Methods The purpose of this research is to study in the academic year 2018, The data was collected by using questionnaires. The procedures for collecting and analyzing data as follows: 1) This study utilized quantitative method using population are the target group. 2) The total participants were 10 undergraduate students in the Bachelor of Education Program 3) Convenience sampling was used. The questionnaires were distributed without using probability. 4) The research instruments used questionnaires with four parts each. The first part of the questionnaire was about getting information regarding admissions. The second part was selecting factors for further education of the undergraduate studies in the Faculty of Education and Liberal Arts at Nakhonratchasima college. The third part was questions with rating scales to evaluate the satisfaction towards admission to further education of the undergraduate education in the Faculty of Education and Liberal Arts at Nakhonratchasima College. The data from the rating scale questionnaire had the highest satisfaction level were given 5 points while the data that had the lowest Practical level was given 1 point. The scores from the analysis were interpreted as follows: 4.51-5.00 means the satisfaction level was in the highest level, 1.00-1.50 means the satisfaction 303

level was in the lowest level (Boonchom Srisa-ard, 2010: 102) and the final part of the questionnaires were open-ended question. The content validity of the questionnaires were checked by five experts, and it showed that the estimated reliability coefficient was at 0.91 of questionnaire. 5) The analytical statistics used to analyze the quantitative data were frequency, mean and standard deviation. 3. Results Evaluation of the degree of satisfaction toward admission to further education of the undergraduate studies in the Faculty of Education and Liberal Arts Nakhonratchasima College, Thailand, results showed that: 1) 7 participate of (70 %) getting information regarding admissions from peers, and 3 participated (30 %) getting information regarding admissions from the college website. Results of the analysis are presented in Figure 1. Figure 1. Percent of the receiving information for admission to further education of the undergraduate students. 2) Program to suit the needs of learners was a factors for further education of the graduate education in the Faculty of Education and Liberal Arts at Nakhonratchasima College, 10 participants (100 %). 3) Evaluation of the satisfaction toward admission to further education of the undergraduate students in the Faculty of Education and Liberal Arts at Nakhonratchasima College. Results of the analysis are presented in Tables 1, Tables 1. Mean and Standard Deviation of the satisfaction toward admission to further education of the undergraduate studies in the Faculty of Education and Liberal Arts Nakhonratchasima College. 304

No. Evaluation Items   Level 1. Schedule of admission for further education. 4.25 0.87 High 2. Convenient access of information through the internet for new enrollees. 4.17 0.58 High 3. Suitability of the period of publishing and the deadline of application. 4.25 0.75 High 4. Quick and easy process/procedure. 4.25 0.87 High 5. Different means of recruitment. 4.17 0.83 High 6. The convenience of paying the admission fee. 4.08 1.00 High 7. Post-registration verification. 4.00 0.85 High 8. Advise or consultation from staff. 4.67 0.49 Highest 9. Procedure of Written examination/interview. 4.33 0.65 High 10. Announcement of results and interview. 4.17 0.83 High 11. Preparation of location. 4.42 0.79 High 12. Staff services. 4.75 0.45 Highest 13. Satisfaction of overall service. 4.42 0.67 High Overall 4.30 0.64 High Shown in Table 1 , Evaluation of the degree of satisfaction toward admission to further education of the undergraduate studies in the Faculty of Education and Liberal Arts Nakhonratchasima College in average was at high level satisfied (= 4.30,  = 0.64), when each aspect was examined the finding showed that : The highest mean of staff services (= 4.75,  = 0.45), the second highest mean was advise or consultation from staff (= 4.67,  = 0.49), and the lowest mean was the post-registration verification ( = 4.00,  = 0.85). Discussion The results of the present study revealed as follows: 1) The participate receiving information regarding admissions from peers and websites. Because the current advances in information technology the development of facilities to operate. effectively, many things to do together easier. It is also used to develop educational benefits such as registration systems. Scheduling system, etc., reduce operating time and increase speed, convenience and accuracy. Combined with the competition, users need faster access to information. This is consistent with the what Hallinan & Williams (1990) mentioned that “When students lack information about the college, they will search for the information and will make them highly vulnerable to influence with each other. The students will find their close friends who have the background and academic experiences that similar with them and the students will ask their advice about the benefit or drawback of attend the college. If the friendship is start from the secondary school, it will continuous influence them to pursuit in college. It also means that the 305

decision to college is made at secondary school and it is affected by the secondary school friends. This is also consistent with the research findings by Wanlapa Wongsakdirin (2017) whose study on the study of desire and recognition of information technology for studying in Higher Education of Senior Secondary students in Demonstration School of Silpakorn University , whose findings revealed Information channel about education the channel used by the person. It was in a very high level. Show that the information channel on the study resume. The channels used by individuals are very important, receive information from parents, teachers, peers, brothers or seniors alumnus. Moreover corresponds with the research findings by Ketsara Bhoyen (2007) whose study on Factor affecting students decision to continue undergraduate study at Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat University, whose findings revealed Respondents give priority, with the documents used in the application easy to understand. Show that the preparation of the application documents is important to further education of higher education. 2) Program to suit the needs of learners was factors for further education of the undergraduate students in the Faculty of Education and Liberal Arts at Nakhonratchasima college. This is consistent with the what Oliva (2001) mentioned that “If any needs and interests are anything. There is a lot of interest and reasonableness for curriculum based on interests and needs. Improve motivation for learners”. And it was proposed propose that curriculum developers should The requirements of the 5 sources as follows: (1) The needs of students in general. (2) The needs of society (3) The needs of the particular students (4) The needs of the particular community and (5) The needs derived from the subject matter. Moreover consistent with the results of Peerapa Pukae (2008) whose study on factor of marketing mix affecting the decision to further one level students to the bachelors ‘s degree level case study: Sripatum University Chonburi Campus, that show product factors show that most students have focused on faculty and staff factors. The most credible and most reliable is the curriculum that is diverse and match the needs of the students. 3) Evaluation of the degree of satisfaction toward admission to further education of the undergraduate students in the Faculty of Education and Liberal Arts at Nakhonratchasima college was high level satisfied, that show students need more information about continuing education, Information about the preparation for admission to higher education, this may be due to students' need for information, Fee for registration Schedule.Qualifications of the applicant. When examined in each aspect, the finding showed that: The highest mean of staff service, The second highest mean was advise or consultation from staff. This may be because Nakhonratchasima College has arranged lecturers and personnel who are knowledgeable about the details of the course to guide and guide the study in the Bachelor of Education program. Recommendations 1) Recommendations for application of the research results : According to the results of the present study Evaluation of the degree of satisfaction toward 306

admission to further education of the undergraduate students in the Faculty of Education and Liberal Arts at Nakhonratchasima college, Thailand. The researchers would like to offer suggestions and recommendations for the application of the research results to improve the program as follows: (1) Relevant people can do it by encouraging knowledge. Correct information Stylish and appropriate in the home office hours. Guidance Hour Public relations in various ways. School website Public Relations or to set up a club for students who are interested in continuing education information for students to continue. (2) Should manage about educational guidance. Exhibition Invite experienced or successful speakers in field trips, field trips, working conditions, and workplaces. (3) Should development about student admission system for flexible and easy access to information. 2) Recommendations for further research studies : (1) A study of the factors affecting the demand and the perception of information in higher education. Parenting Parental occupation and the income of the parents. (2) There should be an in-depth study with students who have decided to study in the curriculum at the high level, such as interviews with students, parents, peers and related persons. For more in-depth coverage. Acknowledgments and Legal Responsibility I would like to extend my sincere gratitude and appreciation to Nakhonratchasima College especially the President of Nakhonratchasima College (Assoc. Prof. Dr. Vipas Thongsuddhi) for research publication grants. Sincere thanks to the inspirational Professor Dr. Teera Runcharoen for inspiring, and administrators of Nakhonratchasima College. I would also like to thank all participants and staffs of the Faculty of Education and Liberal Arts, who supported me to do this research. 4. References Boonchom Srisa-ard. (2010). Basic Research 8 th Edition. Bangkok: Suviriyasarn. Hallinan, M. T. & Williams, R. A. (1990). Students’ Characteristics and the Peer- Influence Process. Sociology of Education. 63(2) : 122 -132. Jittirat Saengloetuthai, 2016). Factors Affecting a First Year Students’ Motivation to Study in Teaching Professional Education Program in Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University. Sakon Nakhon Graduate Studies Journal. 11(52) :139-148. Ketsara Bhoyen. (2007). Factor affecting students decision to continue undergraduate study at Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat University. Chiang Mai: Chiang Mai University. Khwanthida Muneerat, and others (2015). The Influencing of Factors Towards the Admission to Bachelor of Education Program at Thaksin University. Journal of Faculty of Education Pibulsongkram Rajabhat.1(2): 111-122. 307

Murgatroyd, Stephen and Morgan,Colin. (1994). Total Quality Management in the Public Sector. Open University Press, 1994. No. of pages: 212. Office of the Higher Education Commission. (2017). Manual for the Internal Quality Assurance for Higher Education Institutions 2014: Office of the Higher Education Commission (OHEC). Bangkok: Office of the Higher Education Commission. Oliva, Peter F. (2001). Developing the curriculum. 5thed. New York: Longman. Paitoon Sinlarat. (2015). Future Teacher's Role: Prepare Learners to Teach. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, Rajapruk University. 1(1): 1-8. Peerapa Pukae. (2008). Factor of Marketing Mix Affecting the Decision to Further one Level Studies to the Bachelors’ Degree Level Case Study: Sripatum University Chonburi Campus. An Master of Education Independent Study. Chon Buri: Sripatum University. Saruda Chaisuwan. (2017). Leadership Institute of Education: Future Challenges. In Paitoon Sinlarat (Editor). Education and professional development. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University Press. Wanlapa Wongsakdirin. (2017). The study of desire and recognition of Information Technology for studying in Higher Education of Senior Secondary students in Demonstration School of Silpakorn University. Veridian E-Journal, Silpakorn University. 10(1): 1305-1320. 308

ISSSM-0339 Factors Affecting Decision to Study and Satisfaction Toward Admission to Further Education in Master Degree in Education of Nakhonratchasima College, Thailand Saruda Chaisuwan*, Wiralphat Wongwatkasem, Chutima Prompouri, Adisorn Bansong, Naiyana Chumchong Faculty of Education and Arts, Nakhonratchasima College, Thailand * E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The purpose of this research were 1) to select factors affecting decision to study in Master degree in Education in Education, and 2) to study satisfaction toward admission to further education in Master Degree in Education. The participate were 39 students in the academic year 2018. The research instruments used in this study of questionnaire with four parts each. The first part of the questionnaire were information about receiving information regarding admissions. The second part was selected factors affecting decision to further education in Master degree in Education. The third part was the questions with rating scales to study satisfaction toward admission to further education in Master degree in Education, and the final part of the questionnaire was open-ended about the recommendations for promote and admission to further education in Master degree in Education, Nakhonratchasima College. The content validity of the questionnaire was checked by five experts, and it showed that the estimated reliability coefficient was at 0.91, The analytical statistics used to analyze the quantitative data were frequency, mean and standard deviation. The results of the study showed was found as follows: 1) Factors affecting decision to study in Master degree in Education were 3 sequences follow: Program to suit the needs of learners (51.28%), Quality of faculty staff (20.51%), Quality of teaching (7.69%). 2) Satisfaction toward admission to further education in Master Degree in Education. Results of the analysis are in average was high satisfied, When examined in each aspect, the finding showed that: The highest mean of Satisfaction of overall service, The second highest mean was advise or consultation from staff and staff services, and the lowest mean was the Post-registration verification. Keywords: Factors Affecting Decision, Satisfaction, Admission, Master degree in Education. 1. Background 309

In the present society, education plays an important role in deciding one’s status and position in the society. Students‟ intention to further study to higher level has risen rapidly. Education is a life-long learning and people must engage with it so that they are able to enhance their qualifications due to the improvement of their life conditions. People need higher education when they do not have the knowledge which require by their current occupation. Education also helps to improve or requalification people when there is a change of their lives conditions (Belonozhko & Khitu, 2008). Annie and Hamali (2006) noted that education serves as a tool to reform the economy of the countries, increase the living standards of people and reduce poverty problems. Research of Tavares and Ferreira (2012) also noted that one of the reason students decided to enroll in universities is they want to have an attractive career in the future. Students consider that the best way to achieve this objective is obtain an academic degree. Graduate studies in modern times has developed rapidly. There are courses in graduate and has opened up many diverse disciplines. Throughout the academic development continues throughout. The preparation of graduate students continues to be imperative to the success and viability of the educational system of the Thailand. In the educational system, higher education is one of the sectors that can contribute to the capability expansion of a particular country. Higher Education is widely refers to the tertiary education and it is primarily to courses that organize learner for a higher level of specialized prerequisites; there are also more courses which focused on practical and technical skill sets (Walchshofer, 2009). Higher education institutions need to gain the confidence of society that they can create new knowledge and produce capable graduates to carry out national development strategies, also enhancing the level of competitive capability in international arenas, development of actual production in both industrial and service sectors, career development, and quality of life improvements at the local and community levels (Office of the Higher Education Commission Ministry of Education, 2017). At the same time, for-profit institutions and institutions with private marketing partnerships have experienced increasingly greater enrollments. Many public institutions are reevaluating their marketing and recruiting strategies as they struggle to compete for students. Central to any marketing strategy is knowledge of the needs and wants of consumers; in the case of higher education, the consumers are students. This study sought to determine the needs and wants of Master Degree in Education students, the factors that influenced students’ selections of programs as well as the recruiting strategies that students perceive as most effective via survey research methods. As a result, student satisfaction among graduate students is assumed and only usually considered when competition affects enrolment. There is need for more research in higher 310

education that focuses more on student needs and concerns for the purposes of improving academic programs. Hemsley-Brown and Oplatka (2006) found few results of effective graduate recruiting and marketing plans in the professional literature because the emphasis at most universities is on undergraduate recruitment. While traditional recruitment methods abound, more aggressive methods are on the rise. Higher education is a highly competitive market seeking effective recruiting strategies. Nakhonratchasima College policy is to create teaching and learning excellence by organizing study programs that produce graduates capable of fulfilling the country’s needs regarding qualified personnel for different academic fields. For the reasons mentioned above, as the researcher administrative in the department responsible for producing Master degree in education. Interested to study the satisfaction with the admission to the Faculty of Education and Liberal Arts, Nakhonratchasima College, qualified educational products according to the established standards. The results of this study may be used to guide the university’s efforts in continuous program improvement and may also provide a framework for how doctoral programs in education can be designed to more effectively respond to issues related to student satisfaction and retention. The findings of this study may also provide an initial indication of program quality. 2. Methods The purpose of this research was to study in the academic year 2018, The data was collected by using questionnaires. The procedures for collecting and analyzing data as follows: 1) This research study was a regulation survey research study. The respondents fill out questionnaires. 2) The total participants were 39 graduate students of Master Degree in Education Program. 3) Convenience sampling was used. The questionnaires were distributed without using probability. 4) The research instruments used in this study of questionnaire with four parts each. The first part of the questionnaire was information about receiving information regarding admissions. The second part was selected factors affecting decision to further education in Master in Education, and the third part was the questions with rating scales to study satisfaction toward admission to further education in Master in Education. The data from the rating scale questionnaire had the highest satisfaction level was given 5 points while the lowest Practical level was given 1 point. The scores from the analysis were interpreted as follows: 4.51 - 5.00 means the satisfaction level was in the highest level, 1.00 – 1.50 that means the satisfaction level was in the lowest level (Boonchom Srisa-ard, 2010). The final part of the questionnaire was open-ended question about the recommendations for promote and admission to further education in Master in Education. The content validity of the questionnaire was checked by five experts, and it showed that the estimated reliability coefficient was at 0.91 of questionnaire. 311

5) The analytical statistics used to analyze the quantitative data were frequency, mean and standard deviation. 3. Results The results of the study showed as follows: 1) 14 participate (35.90%) receiving information regarding admissions to further education of Master Degree in Education from Nakhonratchasima College website. and 9 participate (23.07 %) receiving information regarding admissions from Peers, 9 participate (23.07%) receiving information regarding admissions from Relatives, Parents. And 7 participate (17.96%) receiving information regarding admissions from Facebook Nakorn-Kru. Results of the analysis are presented in Figure 1. Figure 1. Percent of the receiving information regarding admissions to further education of Master Degree in Education. . 2) Factors affecting decision to study in Master in Education were 3 sequences as follow : Program to suit the needs of learners (51.28%), Quality of faculty staff (20.52%), and quality of teaching (10.26%) Results of the analysis are presented in Figure 2. 312

Figure 2. Percent of receiving information regarding admissions to further education of Master Degree in Education. 3) Satisfaction toward admission to further education in Master Degree in Education. Results of the analysis were presented in Tables 1. Tables 1. Mean and Standard Deviation of the satisfaction toward admission to further education of the undergraduate studies in Faculty of Education and Liberal Arts Nakhonratchasima College. No. Evaluation Items X S.D Level 4.33 0.81 High 1. Schedule of admission for further education. 2. Convenient access of information through the 4.08 0.90 High 4.10 0.85 internet for new enrollees. High 3. Suitability of the period of publishing and the 4.08 0.96 High 4.08 0.77 High deadline of application. 4.03 0.87 High 4. Quick and easy process/procedure. 3.87 0.98 High 5. Different means of recruitment. 4.28 0.83 High 6. The convenience of paying the admission fee. 4.03 0.87 High 7. Post-registration verification. 4.13 0.89 High 8. Advise or consultation from staff. 4.10 0.88 High 9. Procedure of Written examination/interview. 4.28 0.76 High 10. Announcement of results and interview. 4.41 0.64 High 11. Preparation of location. 4.14 0.83 High 12. Staff services. 13. Satisfaction of overall service. Overall As shown in Table 1: Satisfaction toward admission to further education in Master Degree in Education. Results of the analysis are in average was high satisfied ( X = 4.14, S.D= 0.83), When examined in each aspect, the finding showed that : The highest mean of Satisfaction of overall service ( X = 4.41, S.D= 0.64), The second highest mean was advise or consultation from staff ( X = 4.28, S.D= 0.83) and Staff services ( X = 4.28, S.D= 0.76), and the lowest mean was the Post-registration verification ( X = 3.87, S.D= 0.98). Discussion The purpose of this research were selected factors affecting decision and satisfaction toward 313

admission to further education in Master in Education of Nakhonratchasima College, Thailand. All the results in summarized, also pointed out the limitations when conducted the study and some recommendations for the future research had been suggested. The results of the study showed was found as follows: 1) Factors affecting decision to study in Master in Education were 3 sequences as follow : Program to suit the needs of learners , Quality of faculty staff, and Quality of teaching, respectively, The findings of the present study were consistent with those of Songtham Teerakul et al. (2010). Priority study. Comparison of opinions and suggestions on factors influencing decision-making in graduate study at Thaksin University. From the first year students of Thaksin University, academic year 2010. It was found that the importance of decision factors in graduate study at Thaksin University. Curriculum is the most important factor. This is consistent with the what Woraapsorn, Pubpha. (2012) whose study on the affecting factors of choosing to study in the faculty of economic, Chaingmai University. That result research showed the personal factors, such as the teachers' knowledge and understanding of the subjects taught and their quality, influenced their decision to study at the faculty of economics. Chiang Mai University. The findings of the present study was also consistent with those of Saovarak Panyapas (2012), whose studied on the affecting factor and satisfaction of the students of choosing to study Master Degree of Business Management, National Institute of Development Administration. That result research showed the students were satisfied with the facilities. Facilitators and students were satisfied in the faculty and curriculum maintenance staff throughout the course. The curriculum was in line with the needs of the students, which were factors that affect the selection of students at a high level. 2) Satisfaction toward admission to further education in Master Degree in Education. Results of the analysis are in average was high satisfied, When examined in each aspect, the finding showed that : The highest mean of satisfaction of overall service, The second highest mean was advise or consultation from staff and Staff services, The findings of the present study was consistent with those of Pam Winn et al. (2014) whose studied on the factors that influence student selection of Educational Leadership Master Programs at Regional Universities. That result indicate of master’s-level students (n = 47) who selected particular Educational Leadership programs primarily based on the course delivery methods (with hybrid courses most preferred) and the convenience that the programs offer. Participants perceived online advertising as well as face-to-face contact with university or program representatives as top recruiting strategies. University leaders would be wise to consider marketing efforts that highlight Educational Leadership programs’ blended learning opportunities and convenience through a combination of online advertisements and face-to-face recruiting events for Master’s-level students in Educational Leadership. 314

The results found that the lowest mean were the Post-registration verification. Although the institution was currently undergoing a review of the documents and the admissions process without any problem or impact on further study. Next year graduate admission practices as well as discuss the possibilities of improving admissions by understanding and explicating faculty mindset in graduate admissions. Also, discuss provides insight about graduate admissions and post-admissions to empower stakeholders to take informed and effective actions related to admissions. Recommendations 1) Recommendations for application of the research results: According to the results of the present study Factors Affecting Decision to Study and satisfaction toward admission to further education in Master degree in Education of Nakhonratchasima College, Thailand. The researchers would like to offer suggestions and recommendations for the application of the research results to improve the program as follows: (1) The first recommendation is to identify and to successes on with admission to graduate persistence. This could be a result of data collection, effective strategies, and implementing them in other environments. Acknowledging these efforts and attainments may reveal differences among opportunities available for students when graduate education is a more prominent part of the institutional mission. (2) A second recommendation is to replicate this study, but focusing on students who have dropped out of a graduate program or otherwise failed to complete it. Determining the barriers perceived by the students would benefit institutions seeking to encourage graduate persistence. The points of view held by these students would be valuable alone, particularly when considering the factors that encourage (or discourage) persistence, as well as the challenges and barriers encountered. The study would be even more powerful when the results are compared to those of other students who completed programs 2) Recommendations for further research studies : (1) Dean, Department of Guidance, Management should take the information from the research to plan aggressively. It is important to have a system for assessing the performance and satisfaction of students who can be linked to the quality assurance system in the indicator of student admissions and student readiness. (2) Future researchers can enlarge the sample size of the research. In order to get more accurate results, researchers should develop a well structured plan such as which respondents they want to target or others faculty to conduct the research. Acknowledgments and Legal Responsibility I would like to extend my sincere gratitude and appreciation to Nakhonratchasima College, especially the President of Nakhonratchasima College and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Vipas Thongsuddhi 315

and administrators of Nakhonratchasima College. Appreciation is expressed to the entire faculty and staff of the Education and liberal arts. Sincere thanks to the inspirational Professor Dr. Teera Runcharoen for inspiring. Your vision in developing a Master Degree in Education program that not only offers a study course that is directly related to the current and future challenges facing the public and private graduate education, but also maintains a genuine interest in the needs of your students, is both admirable. and inspiring. I would also like to specifically thank for me, for the intention for academic development to Sustainable. 4. References Annie, W.M.N., & Hamali, J. (2006). Higher education and Employment in Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Society, 7 (1), 66-76. Belonozhko, M.L., & Khitu, E.F. (2008). On the Characteristics of Higher Education for Adults. Russian Education and Society. 50(3): 57–63. Boonchom Srisa-ard. (2010). Basic Research 8 th Edition. Bangkok: Suviriyasarn. Hemsley-Brown J.V. and Oplatka, I. (2006). Universities in a competitive global arketplace: a systematic review of the literature on higher education marketing. International Journal of Public Sector Management. 19(4) : 316-338s. Office of the Higher Education Commission. (2017). Manual for the Internal Quality Assurance for Higher Education Institutions 2014: Office of the Higher Education Commission (OHEC). Bangkok: Office of the Higher Education Commission. Pam Winn et al. (2014). Factors that Influence Student Selection of Educational Leadership Master’s Programs at Regional Universities. Administrative Issues Journal: Education, Practice, And Research. 4(1): 1-13. Saovarak, P. (2012). The Affecting Factor and Satisfaction of the Students of Choosing to Study Master Degree of Business Management. Research report. National Institute of Development Administration. Songtham Teerakul, et al. (2010). Factors Influenced the Decision to Study the Graduate Level at Thaksin University. Songkhla : Graduate School, Thaksin University Tavares, O., & Ferreira, J.B. (2012). Choices and Motivations: the why and how of Portuguese students’ enrolment choices. European Journal of Education,47( 2): 310-326. Walchshofer. (2009). Strategy Higher Education. Retrieved 2016 June 20, Available http://www.appear.at/filea dmin/icm/appear/docs/ada/strategy_higher_education.pdf Woraapsorn, Pubpha. (2012). The Affecting Factors of Choosing to Study in The Faculty of Economic. Research report. Chaingmai University. 316

ISSSM-0346 The Relationship Between Characteristic of Teacher and Administrator and Effectiveness of Administration Schools under Local Administrative Organizations in the Lower Northern, Thailand Saruda Chaisuwan*, Wattana Jantanupan, Suphawadi Jeckjuntuek, Phenpphan Saengnet, Nipon Saengnet, Thinnakit Chaisuwan, Bunsum Inkong-Gnam, Venus Manmungsil Faculty of Education and Liberal Arts, Nakhonratchasima College, Thailand * E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The purposes of this research were to examine 1) to study characteristic of teacher of schools under local administrative organizations in the lower northern 2) to study characteristic of administrator of schools under local administrative organizations in the lower northern 3) to study effectiveness of administration schools under local administrative organizations in the lower northern, and 4) to study relationship between characteristic of teacher and administrator and effectiveness of administration schools under local administrative organizations in the lower northern. The respondents were 106 including the school director or acting school director, teacher, and president of school boards. The research instrument used in this study was questionnaire with rating scales, those questions about the characteristic of teacher and administrator, effectiveness of administration schools, The content validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by 5 experts to find its validity and the index item-objective congruence (IOC) value ranking from 0.80 - 1.00, and had high internal reliability, with Cronbach's alpha as 0.988. The statistical methods used to analyze the quantitative data use frequency, percentage, mean score and standard deviation and Pearson’s Product-Moment Correlation were employed for data analysis. The results of research showed was found as follows: 1) The characteristic of teacher of schools under local administrative organizations in the Lower Northern as a whole was at a high level, ranking by the mean scores as continual professional characteristics, Job satisfaction, and quality in operation, and respectively. 2) The characteristic of administrator of schools under local administrative organizations in the Lower Northern as a whole was at a high level, ranking by the mean scores as with the same mean of all. 3) The study showed that the overall effectiveness of administration schools under local administrative organizations in the Lower Northern was at high level, ranking by the mean scores as continual the ability of schools to maintaining ancient culture heritage, the ability of the school to adapt environment, the ability of the institution to integrate, and the ability of schools to goal 317

achievement. 4) The characteristic of teacher, the characteristic of administrator and effectiveness of administration schools under local administrative organizations in the Lower Northern were positively correlated at a very high level (r=.774) and (r=.610), respectively, with a statistical significance at the level of 0.01. Keywords: Characteristics, Teachers, Administrators, Effectiveness Administrative Education 1. Background Education is an important process to develop people. In terms of knowledge, ability, experience skills. And intelligence, and effective. It is a tool to promote the learning of everyone in society. From birth And in the course of life in the appropriate way. Excellence in Educational Management for Quality and Effectiveness It is the responsibility of all levels to participate in continuous improvement of educational organizations (Saruda Chaisuwan, 2017). Currently, Educational Work Unit is facing various problems particularly in leadership practices. This might be due to various stages of overlapping work arisen from administration work model and management technique that create confusion in the work practice, administration, and ordering or commanding among the high level of work unit, School administrators are important to drive education to achieve the objectives of education, especially for current administrators. And the main task of teachers in the school is to teach and teach. Teachers are one of the most important factors to demonstrate the effectiveness of the curriculum. It is important for teachers to be aware of the importance of teaching and learning in the classroom. Teachers have an influence on learners' learning. the final decision is whether the administration will succeed. What is that? Studying or understanding the effectiveness of the organization is a study of the success of schools, which is useful for improving effectiveness (Mott, 1972; citing in Hoy & Miskel, 2001). To provide effectiveness in schools is to manage schools in an effective, productive, and dynamic way and to ensure the satisfaction of educational staff (Başaran ,2000). The characteristic of teacher and administrator school are directly proportionate to the school’s success and efficiency. In other words, the school principal is a leader in school and his management is directly related to the school’s existence. As a result, it is a key responsibility for educational administrators to manage school organizations efficiently according to educational policies as well as educational administration and management system. 2. Methods The variables in this study were elucidated in Figure 1. The variables include 1) characteristic of teacher and 2) characteristic of administrator. And Effectiveness of Administration Schools. The independent variable were characteristic of teacher and 2) characteristic of administrator. The 318

characteristic of teacher (X1) consist of Professional characteristics (X1a), Quality in operation (X1b), and Job satisfaction (X1c). And characteristic of administrator (X2) consist of Administrative Characteristic (X2a) and Leadership (X2b). Effectiveness of Administration Schools acts as the dependent variable and it measures four aspects of Effectiveness of Administration Schools (Y). That consist of the ability of the school to adapt environment (Ya), the ability of schools to goal achievement (Yb), the ability of the institution to integrate (Yc), and the ability of schools to maintaining ancient culture heritage (Yd). Figure 1 illustrates the conceptual framework for this study. This research was conducted only in in schools under local administrative organizations in the Lower Northern, Thailand. The data was collected by using questionnaires. The procedures for collecting and analyzing data are as follows: 1) This research study is a regulation survey research study. The respondents fill out questionnaires. 2) The total There were 106 including 26 school director or acting school director, 68 teachers, and 12 president of school boards. 3) Convenience sampling was used. The questionnaires were distributed without using probability. 4) The research instruments used in this study of questionnaire with three parts each. The first part of the questionnaire The first part of the questionnaire were general information of the respondents about position, experience of work, and province. The second part were character of teacher and character of administrator. The third part was the questions with rating scales to study effectiveness of administration schools. The highest data from the rating scale questionnaire that had the highest satisfaction level was given 5 points while the data that had the lowest Practical level was given 1 point. The scores from the analysis were interpreted as follows: 4.51 - 5.00 means the satisfaction level was in the highest level, 1.00 – 1.50 means the satisfaction level was in 319

the lowest level (Boonchom Srisa-ard, 2010). The last part of the questionnaire was open-ended question. The content validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by 5 experts to find its validity and the index item-objective congruence (IOC) value ranking from 0.80 - 1.00, and had reliability, with Cronbach's alpha as 0.988. 5) The statistical methods used to analyze the quantitative data were frequency, percentage, mean score and standard deviation and Pearson’s Product-Moment Correlation were employed for data analysis. 3. Results The relationship between characteristic of teacher and administrator and effectiveness of administration schools under local administrative organizations in the Lower Northern, Thailand. The results of the study showed was found as follows: 1) General information of the respondents were mostly 68 teachers (64.20 percent) experience of work 10-20 years 44 persons (41.50 percent), and mostly in Sukhothai Province 24 persons (22.60 percent), 2) The characteristic of teacher of schools under local administrative organizations in the Lower Northern. Results of the analysis were presented in table 2. Tables 2. Mean and Standard Deviation of the characteristic of teacher of schools under local administrative organizations in the Lower Northern. 320

Variables (X1) X S.D. Level 1. Professional characteristics. 4.30 0.58 High 2. Quality in operation 4.27 0.56 High 3. Job satisfaction. 4.28 0.58 High 4.28 0.52 High Total As shown in table 2 : The characteristic of teacher of schools under local administrative organizations in the Lower Northern as a whole was at a high level ( X = 4.28, S.D= 0.52), when examined in each aspect, the finding showed that : The highest mean was Professional characteristics. ( X = 4.30, S.D= 0.58), The second highest mean was Job satisfaction. ( X = 4.28, S.D= 0.58), and the lowest mean was quality in operation ( X = 4.27, S.D= 0.56). 3) The characteristic of administrator of schools under local administrative organizations in the Lower Northern. Results of the analysis ware presented in table 3. Tables 3. Mean and Standard Deviation of the characteristic of administrator of schools under local administrative organizations in the lower northern. Variables (X2) X S.D. Level 1. Administrative Characteristic. 4.27 0.63 High 2. Leadership 4.27 0.56 High Total 4.27 0.57 High As shown in table 3: The study showed that the overall characteristic of administrator of schools under local administrative organizations in the lower northern as a whole was at a high level ( X = 4.27, S.D= 0.57). When examined in each aspect, the finding showed that: Administrative Characteristic and Leadership were the mean scores as with the same mean of all. 4) The effectiveness of administration schools with local administrative organizations in the Lower Northern. Results of the analysis are presented in tables 4. 321

Tables 4. Mean and Standard Deviation of the effectiveness of administration schools under local administrative organizations in the Lower Northern. Variables (Y) X S.D. Level 1. The ability of the school to adapt environment. 4.18 0.53 High 2. The ability of schools to goal achievement. 4.16 0.53 High 3. The ability of the institution to integrate. 4.17 0.55 High 4. The ability of schools to maintaining ancient culture heritage. 4.42 0.48 High Total 4.23 0.46 High As shown in table 4: The study showed that the overall effectiveness of administration schools under local administrative organizations in the Lower Northern was at high level ( X = 4.23, S.D= 0.46), when examined in each aspect, the finding showed that : The highest mean was the ability of schools to maintaining ancient culture heritage ( X = 4.42, S.D= 0.48), The second highest mean was the ability of the school to adapt environment ( X = 4.18, S.D= 0.53), and the lowest mean was The ability of schools to goal achievement ( X = 4.16, S.D= 0.53). 5) The relationship between characteristic of teacher and administrator and effectiveness of administration schools under local administrative organizations in the Lower Northern tables Tables 5. The relationship between characteristic of teacher and administrator and effectiveness of administration schools under local administrative organizations in the Lower Northern. Correlations X1a X1b X1c X1 X2a X2b X2 Y 1 X1a 1 X1b .754** 1 X1c .677** .824** 1 X1 .888** .939** .914** 1 X2a .637** .593** .543** .647** 1 X2b .771** .648** .632** .749** .833** 1 X2 .731** .647** .611** .726** .962** .952** 1 Y .657** .764** .702** .774** .550** .622** .610** **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). As shown in Table 5: When analyzed the relationship between characteristic of teacher, administrator and effectiveness of administration schools under local administrative organizations in the Lower Northern were positively correlated at a moderate - very highest level (r = .543-962) with a statistical significance at the level of 0.01. When examined in each aspect, the finding showed that: 322

(1) The characteristic of teacher overall (X1) were positively correlated at a very high level (r=774) with a statistical significance at the level of 0.01. When examined in each aspect, the finding showed that : (a) The aspect of professional characteristics (X1a) and effectiveness of administration schools under local administrative organizations in the Lower Northern were positively correlated at a very high level (r = .657) with a statistical significance at the level of 0.01. (b) The aspect of quality in operation (X1b) and effectiveness of administration schools under local administrative organizations in the Lower Northern were positively correlated at a very high level (r = .764) with a statistical significance at the level of 0.01. (c) The aspect of Job satisfaction (X1c) and effectiveness of administration schools under local administrative organizations in the lower northern were positively correlated at a very high level (r = .702) with a statistical significance at the level of 0.01. (2) The characteristic of administrator overall (X2 ) were positively correlated at a very high level (r=610) with a statistical significance at the level of 0.01. When examined in each aspect, the finding showed that : (a) The aspect of administrative characteristics (X2a) and effectiveness of administration schools under local administrative organizations in the Lower Northern were positively correlated at a moderate level. (r = .550) with a statistical significance at the level of 0.01. (b) The aspect of leadership (X2b) and effectiveness of administration schools under local administrative organizations in the Lower Northern were positively correlated at a very high level (r = .622) with a statistical significance at the level of 0.01. Discussion 1) The characteristic of teacher of schools under local administrative organizations in the Lower Northern as a whole was at a high level, ranking by the mean scores as continual Professional characteristics, Job satisfaction, and quality in operation, respectively. Because the main task of teachers in the school is to teach and teach. Teachers are one of the most important factors to demonstrate the effectiveness of the curriculum. It is important for teachers to be aware of the importance of teaching and learning in the classroom. Teachers have an influence on learners' learning. This is consistent with the Teacher’s Council of Thailand Occupational Standard (2013) was determine teacher roles, duties and responsibility could be different, in details, in accordance with each group in educational responsibilities, units or occupational organization design, such as, teacher roles, duties and responsibility in accordance with basic educational program; as in accordance with the teacher positions specified standard of The Teachers’ Council of Thailand. It is including the social expectation too. The Teachers’ Council of Thailand Announcement in the topics of Knowledge Substance, Capacity and Occupational Experience of the Teaching Profession. The Educational Institution Administrators, the Educational administrative and Educational Supervisor in accordance with The Teacher’s Council of Thailand Occupational 323

Standard (2013). It also corresponds to the concept of Snipes et al. (2005) stated that job satisfaction consists of several facets, including satisfaction with the supervisor, work, pay, advancement opportunities, coworkers, and customers, and the concept of Ho & Au (2006) say that the level of job satisfaction of teachers is very high affects positively the educational aims come true. It is expected that a school which has teachers with high level of job satisfaction gives qualified education and brings up successful students. Teachers with high job satisfaction can obtain very important gains by means of balanced works in a triangle in which are administrators, students and parents. Low teaching satisfaction is expected to correlate with the outcomes of work stress, that is, psychological distress and low self-esteem. 2) The study showed that the overall characteristic of administrator of schools under local administrative organizations in the Lower Northern as a whole was at a high level, When examined in each aspect, the finding showed that: Administrative Characteristic and Leadership were the mean scores as with the same mean of all. Because the administrator of schools were directly proportionate to the school’s success and efficiency. In other words, the school principal was a leader in school and his management is directly related to the school’s existence. 3) The study showed that the overall effectiveness of administration schools under local administrative organizations in the Lower Northern was at high level, ranking by the mean scores as continual the ability of schools to maintaining ancient culture heritage, the ability of the school to adapt environment, the ability of the institution to integrate, and the ability of schools to goal achievement. This was consistent with the research findings by Waasana charoensorn (2012) whose studies on the efficiency in the education management of the sub-district Administration Organization in Thailand were rated the high level. 4) The characteristic of teacher and characteristic of administrator and effectiveness of administration schools under local administrative organizations in the Lower Northern were positively correlated at a very high level and, respectively. This was consistent with the research findings by Chirawat Wangka, and et al. (2012) whose study on the effectiveness of Suksasongkhao school in the northern under the office bureau of special educational administration, were rated the administrators’ behavior, Teachers’ behavior, and the school management of Suksasongkhao school in the northern under the office bureau of special educational administration. Correlation with effectiveness of Suksasongkhao school in the northern under the office bureau of special educational administration, were found significantly at .05 level. Recommendations The purpose of this study is to The relationship between characteristic of teacher and administrator and effectiveness of administration schools under local administrative 324

organizations in the Lower Northern, Thailand. All the results in summarized, also pointed out the limitations when conducted the study and some recommendations for the future research had been suggested. 1) Recommendations for application of the research results: According to the results of the research want to study Factors Affecting Decision to Study and satisfaction toward admission to further education in Master degree in Education of Nakhonratchasima College, Thailand. The researchers would like to offer suggestions and recommendations for the application of the research results to improve the program as follows: (1) The school administrators should bring the findings from the ability of the institution to achieve the goals. This is the least significant aspect to study in order to improve the effectiveness of educational administration in schools (2) It should be study in qualitative research to improve the effectiveness of school management in schools. Under the jurisdiction of the local government organization in the lower northern region. Limitations of administrative scale of local administrative organizations. 2) Recommendations for further research studies: (1) It should study the relationship between features. Management of school operations in other local administrative organizations in to achieve results that can be implemented at all. . (2) It should study about factors affecting teacher’s quality of operation in school local administrative organizations in the Lower Northern, Thailand. Acknowledgments and Legal Responsibility The author would like to express her heartfelt appreciation to all research participants. Special sincere gratitude is given to to Nakhonratchasima College, especially the President of Nakhonratchasima College and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Vipas Thongsuddhi and administrators of Nakhonratchasima College. Thank you, father and sister, who are encouragement behind. This study is containing original research and has not been submitted / published earlier in any journal. 4. References Başaran, İ.E. (2000). Eğitim yönetimi, Ankara: Feryal Matbaası. Boonchom Srisa-ard. (2010). Basic Research 8 th Edition. Bangkok: Suviriyasarn. Chirawat Wangka, and et al. (2015). Factors Affecting Suksasongkhao School effectiveness of Suksasongkhao school in the northern under the office bureau of special educational administration. SWU Educational Administration Journal. 12 (22): 100-109. Ho, C.L, and Au. W.T. (2006). Teaching Satisfaction Scale: Measuring Job Satisfaction of Teachers. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66 : 172-185. Hoy, Wayne K. and Cecil G, Miskel. (2001). Educational Administration: Theory,. Research and Practice. 6 th ed. Mc Graw – Hill International Edition 2001. 325

Saruda Chaisuwan. (2017). Leadership Institute of Education: Future Challenges. In Paitoon Sinlarat (Editor). Education and professional development. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University Press. Snipes, R. L., Oswald, S. L., LaTour, M., & Armenakis, A. A. (2005). The effects of specific job satisfaction facets on customer perceptions of service quality: An employee-level analysis. Journal of Business Research, 58(10), 1330-1339. Somjit Songsan. (2009). Development of linear structural model of factors affecting the enhancement for empowerment the teachers’ working effectiveness. Unpub lished Ph.D thesis. Khon Kaen : Khon Kaen University, Teacher’s Council of Thailand Occupational Standard .(2013). The Teachers. Council of Thailand Announcement in the topics of Knowledge Substance, Capacity and Occupational Experience of the Teaching Profession. The Educational Institution Administrators, the Educational administrative and Educational Supervisor in accordance with The Teachers. Council of Thailand Occupational Standard 2013 (2013B, November 12). Government Gazette. Volume 130, page 43, special series 156. Wassana charoensorn (2012). The Efficiency of Educational Management of Subdistrict Administration Organization in Thailand. EAU Heritage Journal. 33-44. 326

Management (3) Thursday, January 24, 2019 14:45-16:15 Lailic Session Chair: Prof. Supakorn Limkhunthammo ISSSM-0326 Improving Sun Visor Production by Lean Six Sigma Tool: Case Study of XXX Auto Parts Company Supakorn Limkhunthammo︱Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Sasiwan Phoolsawat︱Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Pornthep Kaewchur︱Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Somjai Boonsun︱Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Sirinya Tang-on︱Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Kobchai Mekdee︱Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Wallapaporn Laosakul︱Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Wanwimon Bunyapong︱Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Nichapa Koonpraneit︱Bangkok Thonburi University ISSSM-0328 Challenges of Entrepreneurs in Doing Sustainable Business for Elderly Treatment in Thailand Pinyada Ruensook︱Rajamagala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi ISSSM-0329 Public Participation in Small Business Operation for Social Development in Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province Sasiwan Phoolsawat︱Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Supakorn Limkhunthammo︱Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi 327

ISSSM-0335 The Behavior of the Sorting Trash of the Population in Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya District Adisai Watanaputi︱University of Technology Suvarnabrumi Jantana Sansook︱University of Technology Suvarnabrumi Theerasak Supprasert︱University of Technology Suvarnabrumi Chanthima Boonannwong︱Nakhonratchasima College ISSSM-0342 Marketing Communication Establishing Awareness and Recognition of Unfired Common Brick Theerasak Supprasert︱Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Supakorn Limkhunthammo︱Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Pornthep Kaewchur︱Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Kobchai Mekdee︱Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Sasiwan Phoolsawat︱Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Rossukon Yamthongkam︱Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Natapong Janpetch︱Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Phattharamat Thiamngoen︱Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Pitiporn Manokhoon︱Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Wantitar Palieakkawut︱Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi ISSSM-0389 Optimizing Warehouse and Inventory by FSN Analysis: Case Study of ZZZ Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing Company Rakkiat Rojkunyaporn︱Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Supakorn Limkhunthammo︱Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Sasiwan Phoolsawat︱Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Pornthep Kaewchur︱Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Pinyada Ruensook︱Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Phongsakorn Amsa-ard︱Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Thitipat Sudjit︱Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Namtip Yamklebbuv︱Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Nichapa Koonpraneit︱Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Aeknaree Toomphol︱Bangkok Thonburi University 328

ISSSM-0326 Improving Sun Visor Production by Lean Six Sigma Tool: Case Study of XXX Auto Parts Company Supakorn Limkhunthammoa, Sasiwan Phoolsawata, Pornthep Kaewchura, Somjai Boonsuna, Sirinya Tang-ona, Kobchai Mekdee a, Wallapaporn Laosakula, Wanwimon Bunyaponga, Nichapa Koonpraneitb a Department of Management, Faculty of Business Administration and Information Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, THAILAND E-mail address: [email protected] b Department of Management, Faculty of Business Administration, Bangkok Thonburi University, THAILAND E-mail address: [email protected] Abstract The purpose of this research was to reduce the scrap and the cycle time of the sun visor production to meet the company's goals by applying the Lean Six Sigma tool and operating in accordance with DMAIC principles to improve the production of car sun visor of XXX Auto Parts Company that its scrap and cycle time in production exceed acceptable levels. In Define step, we found that the key root causes of the scrap and cycle time were the broken weld and the machine spent production time more than the employees. In the Measure step, we found that the potential root causes were the ultrasonic welding machine condition was set inappropriately and frequency of ultrasonic horn was too low. In the Analysis step, it is found that the valid root cause was the inappropriate condition setting. In Improve step, we adjusted the appropriate condition setting and simulated line balancing by re-ordering the work station. After the process had improved, there was 0% scrap from welding process and decrease the cycle time from 60 seconds to 31 seconds. And in Control step, we trained the operator how to adjust the appropriate welding machine setting and made the Thai manual for them, also performed the line balancing in real environment. Keywords: Sun Visor, Ultrasonic Welding, Lean Six Sigma, Lean Manufacturing, Six Sigma 5. Background In the process of sun visor production of XXX Auto Parts Company, there are many factors that affect the quality and efficiency of finished goods and some factors are lack of the right quality controls. Then they make the problems in the production (scraps) and increase the cycle time, so the company wants to figure out how to improve the production of sun visor to reduce the scraps and cycle time. 6. Methods 329

According to the study of production optimization, Lean Six Sigma (LSS) is one of the appropriate tool for the modern manufacturing (Cherrafi, Elfezazi, Chiarini, Mokhlis, & Benhida, 2016; Lim, Antony, & Albliwi, 2015) and many companies that have been successful in increasing production efficiency have adopted lean six sigma to improve quality within the manufacturing process (Kee Teo & Jeyaraman, 2010; Schweikhart & Dembe, 2009; Shah, Chandrasekaran, & Linderman, 2008; Timans, Antony, Ahaus, & van Solingen, 2012; Vest & Gamm, 2009). So this study uses LSS to improving sun visor production. 5 steps of Lean Sig Sigma are Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control (DMAIC) which we describe as follow. (Wikipedia, 2018) 1. Define - The purpose of this step is to clearly articulate the business problem, goal, potential resources, project scope and high-level project timeline. This information is typically captured within project charter document. Write down what we currently know. Seek to clarify facts, set objectives and form the project team. Define a problem, the customer, voice of the customer (VOC) and critical to quality (CTQs) 2. Measure - The purpose of this step is to objectively establish current baselines as the basis for improvement. This is a data collection step, the purpose of which is to establish process performance baselines. The performance metric baseline from the Measure phase will be compared to the performance metric at the conclusion of the project to determine objectively whether significant improvement has been made. The team decides on what should be measured and how to measure it. 3. Analyze - The purpose of this step is to identify, validate and select root cause for elimination. A large number of potential root causes (process inputs) of the project problem are identified via root cause analysis (for example a fishbone diagram). The top 3-4 potential root causes are selected using multi-voting or other consensus tool for further validation. A data collection plan is created and data are collected to establish the relative contribution of each root causes to the project metric. This process is repeated until valid root causes can be identified. Within Six Sigma, often complex analysis tools are used. However, it is acceptable to use basic tools if these are appropriate. 4. Improve - The purpose of this step is to identify, test and implement a solution to the problem; in part or in whole. This depends on the situation. Identify creative solutions to eliminate the key root causes in order to fix and prevent process problems. Use brainstorming or any appropriate techniques to improve them. 5. Control - The purpose of this step is to embed the changes and ensure sustainability; this is sometimes referred to as making the change 'stick'. Control is the final stage within the DMAIC improvement method. 7. Results 3.1 Basic information 330

XXX Auto Parts Company has the maximum production capacity for sun visor for car model AAA at 1280 pieces per day Left side, Sun Visor for car model AAA Right side, Sun Visor for car model AAA Figure 1: Sun Visor for car model AAA 3.2 DMAIC principles 3.2.1 Define step We gather the information about problem that appear in the production line in one year as shown in table 1 331

Table 1: Causes of all scraps in a year Percentage of scrap compared with overall sun visor production Month Bad Broken The weld width is Broken Melted Total Soldering knob less than 1.5 mm. weld Mirror Base Scrap 1 0.09 0.06 0.09 1.68 0.03 1.95 2 0.08 0.04 0.10 1.79 0.04 2.05 3 0.10 0.05 0.08 1.99 0.04 2.27 4 0.13 0.09 0.22 1.71 0.07 2.22 5 0.13 0.12 0.19 1.71 0.09 2.23 6 0.16 0.14 0.25 1.68 0.05 2.28 7 0.11 0.10 0.22 1.76 0.04 2.21 8 0.11 0.09 0.22 2.89 0.06 3.38 9 0.15 0.11 0.30 2.11 0.06 2.73 10 0.09 0.06 0.30 1.52 0.05 2.03 11 0.20 0.13 0.30 1.88 0.10 2.61 12 0.14 0.15 0.22 1.55 0.11 2.16 Total 0.12 0.09 0.19 1.86 0.06 2.32 Table 1 shows that the main cause of scrap is broken weld (about 80% of overall scrap) so we will investigate what the cause of scrap is. 70 60 60 50 40 30 20 14 17 19 10 8 10 15 13 15 10 8 4 0 Work Station 1 Work Station 2 Work Station 3 Work Station 4 Work Station 5 Work Station 6 Machine Operation Time Operator Operation Time Figure 2: Operation time of 6 work station Each work station has both operation of machine and operator. Figure 2 shows that work station no.3 have the longest machine operation time and it make the cycle time too long. 332

3.2.2 Measure Step Figure 3: Cause and Effect diagram of scrap problems We analyze the cause and effect of scrap problems as shown in Figure 3 and brainstorm what the key causes that affect the broken weld are. The results are 1) poor mold cleaning, 2) frequency of ultrasonic horn is too low, 3) condition setting is inaccurate, 4) the operator is not following the Work Instruction, and 5) there is no Q-Point. Then we evaluate the risk intensity by scoring the 5 causes with 9 responsible operators. The criteria are described as follow: 9 : High risk intensity affecting the broken weld 6 : Medium risk intensity affecting the broken weld 3 : Low risk intensity affecting the broken weld 1 : Very little risk intensity affecting the broken weld 333

And the evaluation result is shown in table 2. Table 2: Evaluation Score of Key Process Input Variable (KPIV) Causes Effect Total Rank Broken weld 75 1 Condition setting is inaccurate 9,9,9,6,9,9,6,9,9 60 2 17 5 Frequency of ultrasonic horn is too low 9,6,9,6,6,6,6,6,6 46 3 20 4 There is no Q-Point 3,1,1,1,3,1,3,1,3 Poor mold cleaning 9,6,3,9,6,1,3,3,6 The operator is not following the Work Instruction 1,1,1,3,6,1,1,3,3 We decide to choose the causes in rank 1 and 2 to analysis in next step because we decide that the causes in rank 3-5 are not significant. Table 3: Activity, sequence and time in Work Station no.3 Sequence Activity Operation Time 1 Close the mold 3 Sec. 2 Weld the cover cloth 5 Sec. 3 Cutting the cover cloths 6 Sec. 4 Open the mold 3 Sec. 5 Put the work piece into the cover 8 Sec. 6 Attach the knob 14 Sec. 7 Put the stay into the work piece 3 Sec. 8 Torque check 17 Sec. 9 Take the work piece out 1 sec About cycle time, we found that Work Station no.3 take the longest time in production line then we measure the time in each activity in this work station to find the cause. The detail is described as shown in table 3. The activities that affect the operation time in Work Station no.3 are activity sequence no.8 Torque check and activity sequence no.6 Attach the knob, so we will analysis these in next step too. 3.2.3 Analysis Step From Measure step, too low frequency of ultrasonic horn is one of the scrap causes. Then we try to increase the frequency from 11.817 KHz to 15.184 KHz and the result is shown in table 4 Table 4: experiment result of increasing frequency of ultrasonic horn Scraps from using frequency 11.817 KHz Scraps from using frequency 15.184 KHz 334

day No. (%) day No. (%) 1 17 1.52% 6 13 1.27% 2 13 1.28% 7 15 1.26% 3 11 1.13% 89 1.08% 4 19 1.92% 9 11 1.27% 58 0.99% 10 8 0.87% We use a paired sample t-test to test hypothesis and the result is there are no difference in number of scraps between using frequency 11.817 KHz and 15.184 KHz at 0.05 significance level. The other cause is invalid condition setting, so we try to find the solution from this cause. The setting of ultrasonic welding machine has 5conditions those are 1) weld time, 2) weld pressure, 3) hold time, 4) amplitude, and 5) weld energy. The current conditions setting and output check are shown in table 5 Table 5: Current conditions of ultrasonic welding machine setting Condition Setting Output check Weld Time 1.2 Sec. Valid Weld Pressure 0.4 MPa. Valid Hold Time 3 Sec. Valid Amplitude 100% Valid Weld Energy 2300 j Invalid From table 5, weld energy output is not equal to the condition setting. Then we check weld energy from both finished goods (Good product) and scraps and the result is shown in Table 6. Table 6: Weld energy output of finished goods and scraps Finished goods Scrap (broken weld) No. Weld Energy ( j ) No. Weld Energy (j) G1 2218 NG1 1644 G2 2134 NG2 1351 G3 1983 NG3 1403 G4 2308 NG4 1536 G5 2017 NG5 1321 G6 2219 NG6 1532 G7 1807 NG7 1165 335

G8 1987 NG8 1373 G9 2252 NG9 1289 G10 2218 NG10 1268 From table 6, we analyze that weld energy that does not reach the condition setting is the cause of broken weld. And this cause comes from the machine stop welding when it reaches the weld time setting. We will solve this in Improve step. 3.2.4 Improve Step The Solution to solve the weld energy that does not reach the condition setting is to collaborate weld energy with weld time setting. We can use PLC to control this and improved setting is shown in table 7 Table 7: improved setting of ultrasonic welding machine Cause Current Setting Improved Setting invalid condition - No collaboration between - Use PLC to collaborate weld setting weld energy and weld time energy with weld time setting - weld energy 2300 j - weld energy 2300 - 2400 j - weld time = 1.2 sec. - weld time = 1.2 sec. After we improve the condition setting, the scrap from broken weld is 0% About cycle time, we use the new line balancing that makes the activities more independence and reduced the operation time. The result is shown in figure 4. 336

Machine I DE F Machine II I Finish AStart B C Current process GH Machine I Machine II AStart B C D E F G H I Finish Improved process Figure 4: Line balancing of Work Station no.3 Table 8: Improved process by line balancing Current Improved Improved Operation Time Method Group Activity Operation Time A. Close the mold 3 Sec. 3 Sec. B. Weld the cover cloth 5 Sec. 5 Sec. C. Cutting the cover cloths 6 Sec. 6 Sec. I 3 Sec. 3 Sec. D. Open the mold E. Put the work piece into the cover 8 Sec. 6 Sec. Increase speed Subtotal (Machine I) 25 Sec. 23 Sec. F. Attach the knob 14 Sec. 10 Sec. Increase speed G. Put the stay into the work piece 3 Sec. 3 Sec. II H. Torque check 17 Sec. 17 Sec. I. Take the work piece out 1 Sec. 1 Sec. Subtotal(Machine II) 35 Sec. 31 Sec. Total 25+35 = 60 Max(23,31) = 31 Current process flows from activity A to I sequently, so total of operation time equal to summation of operation time of each activity. But Improved process separate Machine I and II Independently. When a workpiece has finished from Machine I and continue to Machine II, the operator can put the new workpiece into Machine I then Machine I and II run concurently, so total operation time will be subtotal operation time of the longest time between Machine I and II The result is the operation time in Work Station no.3 is reduced from 60 seconds to 31 seconds. 3.2.5 Control Step After we improve the process, the result are 1) reduces broken-weld scrap from 1.81% to 0% and 337

2) reduces operation time in Work Station no.3 from 60 seconds to 31 seconds and it reduces the cycle time from 60 seconds to 31 seconds too because Work Station no.3 take the longest time in production line. In the final step, we train the operator how to adjust the appropriate welding machine setting and provide the Thai manual for them, also performed the line balancing in real environment. 3.3 Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank the Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi for academic and financial support, The industrial management student for gathering the information, and everyone that contribute in this research. 8. References Cherrafi, A., Elfezazi, S., Chiarini, A., Mokhlis, A., & Benhida, K. (2016). The integration of lean manufacturing, Six Sigma and sustainability: A literature review and future research directions for developing a specific model. Journal of Cleaner Production, 139, 828-846. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.08.101 Kee Teo, L., & Jeyaraman, K. (2010). A conceptual framework for critical success factors of lean Six Sigma: Implementation on the performance of electronic manufacturing service industry. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 1(3), 191-215. doi:10.1108/20401461011075008 Lim, S. A. h., Antony, J., & Albliwi, S. A. (2015). A systematic review of Lean Six Sigma for the manufacturing industry. Business Process Management Journal, 21(3), 665-691. doi:10.1108/BPMJ-03-2014-0019 Schweikhart, S. A., & Dembe, A. E. (2009). The Applicability of Lean and Six Sigma Techniques to Clinical and Translational Research. Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research, 57(7), 748-755. doi:10.231/JIM.0b013e3181b91b3a Shah, R., Chandrasekaran, A., & Linderman, K. (2008). In pursuit of implementation patterns: the context of Lean and Six Sigma. International Journal of Production Research, 46(23), 6679-6699. doi:10.1080/00207540802230504 Timans, W., Antony, J., Ahaus, K., & van Solingen, R. (2012). Implementation of Lean Six Sigma in small- and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises in the Netherlands. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 63(3), 339-353. doi:10.1057/jors.2011.47 Vest, J. R., & Gamm, L. D. (2009). A critical review of the research literature on Six Sigma, Lean and StuderGroup's Hardwiring Excellence in the United States: the need to 338

demonstrate and communicate the effectiveness of transformation strategies in healthcare. Implementation Science, 4(1), 35. doi:10.1186/1748-5908-4-35 Wikipedia (2018) DMAIC retrieved May 3, 2018, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DMAIC 339

ISSSM-0328 Challenges of entrepreneurs in doing sustainable business for elderly treatment in Thailand Ruensook, Pinyada Faculty of Business Administration and Information Technology, Rajamagala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Thailand E-mail address: [email protected] For the past two decades, the population structure in Thailand has changed dramatically. The medical evolution has affected to a death reduction and changed the aging structure of Thai population evidently. Those who are affected from this change are the ones aged between 40-50 years old in the present who will be the future elderly generation and how they plan and create any systems to support their elderly period. This issue is also considered as an extremely challenging one in term of heath care among aged people. Consequently, the government has pushed up Thailand as business hub for the elderly in the world, as well as a promotion on doing business concerning treating the elderly and attracting foreigners that are associated with many factors such as quality, service standard of such kind of business that would benefit in term of socio-economic context of the country. Moreover, other businesses may be increasing due to the product and service improvements which could be relevant to the lifestyle of elderly groups as well. Therefore, an insight for business in a real demand of the elderly is very vital, so a good preparation for any business entrepreneurs for elderly group is not only a budget preparation but also a study in elderly behaviors , business planning , facing on problems of contextual factors in many areas namely economy, society, politics ,legal issues and technology which cannot be ignorant. Key Words: Challenges of entrepreneurs, business for elderly treatment Challenges of entrepreneurs in doing sustainable business for elderly treatment in Thailand For the past two decades, the population structure has changed rapidly. The medical evolution has affected to a death reduction and changed the aging structure of Thai population. Namely, in the past 20 - 30 years, both the number and proportion of Thai population during childhood period (aged lower than 15 ) has decreased. Meanwhile, the number of population during working ages (aged 15-29) has remained increasingly as well as the number and proportion of elderly population or aged more than 60 years old has increased. The table of a comparison between the number of population in 2012 and the expected one as of July of 2018 has been shown as below: 340

(Unit : thousands) Table of population number as of 2012 Number of population Total male – Female Numbers Children population(less than 15 years ) 11,426 Labour population (15-59 years) 43,038 Elderly population ( over 60 years ) 11,770 Elderly population ( over 65 years ) 7,919 Pre-education population (0-5 years ) 4,377 Education period population (6-21 years) 13,269 Mature women (15-49 years ) 16,598 Source:Population and Society Research Institute, Mahidol University www.ipsr.mahidol.ac.th/ipsrbeta/th/Gazette.aspx Due to the success in the birth control in Thailand, the birth rate has decreased since 1970 until today as well as some medical achievements and public health systems which have caused Thai people to have longer ages ever than before at the average of 77 years and this has transform Thai population structure to change over very rapidly and dramatically.Those who are affected from this change are the ones aged between 40-50 years old in the present who will be the future elderly generation and how they plan and create any systems to support their elderly period. According to Thailand’s elderly situation report of Thailand’s Elderly Development and Research Institute dating back in 2009, the study on the scale and trend of Thai population during 1960- 2025 found that the number of Thai population aging over 60 years old is 1.5 millions or about 5.4% of the total one. But the population size aging over 60 years old is seven times or about 7.6 millions in 2009 which in turn Thailand has stepped into fully aging society ;namely more than 10% of the total population. The increase of size and proportion of Thai population still remain increasingly according to the speculation in 2025 or next fifteen years ahead. The aging number will be increasing to 14.9 millions or about doubled number of year 2009 and in 2030 will be increasing to 17.8 millions or about 25% of the total population throughout country. The change in elderly structure has indicated to the trend in which Thailand will have an incremental size and proportion of elderly population. This issue is considered as an extremely challenging issue in term of heath care among aged people. Since 2011, the public sector has created an economic and social protection vigorously 341

for elderly under cash allowance policy specifically those who are aged over 60 years old totally 500 Baht per month which enable the number of elderly persons to reach at 8,408,498 so far. And in the long term , there is no guarantee whether this measure is still sustainable. (Department of Local Administration Promotion and Bureau of Social Development, Pattaya Municipality) However, the cash allowance which has been allocated to elderly monthly seems to be not sufficient for good quality of living of elderly. Thus, savings among workers both inside and outside system in order to spend during their aging period is a major measure to boost the revenue guarantee. Actually, the laborforce has changed their jobs from outside system to inside one or always alternated them; therefore the government should realize such reality and create any continual and sustainable saving system to guarantee their revenue during aging lives and also expand savings channels in many forms in which citizen can reach easily. Consequently, an increase of job opportunities of elderly who are still working is considered as one guideline which makes the elderly use their potentials to earn a living for themselves and their families without relying on their offsprings or even public sector. Public sector and related agencies should consider and revise some measures to lessen professional discouragements between elderly and other aging groups in order that the elderly can have continuously protected jobs, earnings and welfare. Besides, the physical deterioration problem is a major problem which cause the elderly to have various chronic physical problems, any limitations in daily lives that have affected to public health accessibility and health promotion.The governmental public health agencies should accelerate to develop any forms of communal services increasingly for the elderly in order to encourage the health promotion, disease protection and home and families cares assisted by their communities which is less costly than nursing homes. Meanwhile, the characteristic of highly increasing population among late elderly groups as well as some they are likely to move in any municipalities, the characteristic of urban societies will have different cultures from rural ones. Any group forms for social activities and social cares will be more sub-divided , in which local administrative organizations will play a major role in coordinating , setting up , promoting those sub-groups to take care one another in their communities and build up minor measures in societies such as social welfare fund for taking care of societies by promoting the civil society role, service volunteers. (Foundation of Research and Development Institute for the Thai elderly) However, in Bangkok area and major cities in Thailand, still have some limitations due to the fact that the characteristic of urbanization is not favorable for any group formings among the elderly, some assistances among neighborhood. Consequently, both public and private sectors and civil society in communities should create any pilot urban contexts, especially among elderly groups where someone lives alone which is likely to cause some problems rather than those who live with their own families. 342

Such situations of elderly groups in Thailand; specifically problem situations and need of elderly groups living in major cities such as Bangkok Metropolitan and its vicinities like Pathumthani, Ayudthaya, Chiang Mai, Khon Kan, Phuket, Song Khla , Chonburi ,etc. For other countries from the past years, EIC | Economic Intelligence Center wrote an interesting article quoting that the increasingly rapid population in babyboom era together with gradually increasing population rate until the present has caused the elderly to be more increasingly proportionate population group.In 2013, the ratio of the elderly per population in developing countries stayed at 23% or about 240 millions of people which has increased from 17% in 1990 , that means the elderly group will enlarge gradually and has influenced to the expenditures on consumer products in the future. Namely in 2013, the scale of spent monies of the elderly in developing countries accounts for 1.1 hundred thousand millions US Dollars or more than 15% of global GDP and it is expected to expand to 1.7 hundred thousand USD Dollars within 2020 or increasing yearly at 6%. This market which is relatively large and clearly relevant to the increasing proportion of elderly population and will affect to the emerging newly business models which are aimed to emphasize on this market groups increasingly. Different needs of elderly consumers as well as expanded spent monies have created some newly service businesses which are evident in abroad and emphasize on any responses to the living of the elderly after their retirements such as job seeking agencies for the elderly who need to find some earnings after retirement .Also, health service business for elderly which has checked in their residences , pick-up services for elderly which has modified vehicles suitably and comfortably for elderly especially the convenience provider business for elderly who cannot carry some heavy items in department stores. Moreover, there is still a provident fund which offers some hints for the elderly who want to be retired in abroad, so on . In the near future , an increasing trend of elderly proportion per total population will be more evident among developing countries as well ,namely in 2013 the proportion of the elderly stayed at 11% of population and expected to increase to 13 % in 2020. This will lead to the expanded market of the elderly in developing countries as well. Namely, Thailand is one of a developing country which is stepping up into the aging society in which an average age of citizen in Thailand will increase to 38 years old in 2020 from 35 years old in 2013 .This can be observed from the following table presenting average population figure in individual country as follow : 343

Source : www.scbeic.com/th/detail/product/556 :2014 According to the changing trend of aging world, many technocrats have more interests and point out to the entrepreneurs such as Worcester (2000) mentioned that “Some elderly person who need to resign from work before their retirements to find out some freedom, that the elderly have little responsibilities, most of them seek some recreations or entertaining activities for their lives. And the elderly groups who are wealthy and healthy are fond of such activities the most. Some of them may spend their free-time in gardening, flowering, any inventive works as DIY(Do it yourself) of form up some elderly groups in communities because they find out some opportunities to take part in various activities to take a rest.They feel better than when they were younger because they have no stress to bear in their family lives, marriages, work and financial issues. And most are found that they do not accept themselves as the elderly but most of them accept that their lives are even better than their parents when they were at the same age as theirs. Theerapakorn Chaitheerasuwe :2018 wrote in his article that “many people who need to do business may raise some questions what business they should do now.”For some answers, one must follow up any global trends would be. However, it is anticipated that from now on until the year 2020, the elderly population will increase by 30% of the total global population due to technological progress that has made us have good food and medicine in order to live longer including a trend for better health. This will make the population proportion change, the elderly group will increase .This business trends which are likely to be interesting in the future are the ones about the elderly and supplementary food products. The most important thing to favor this kind of business to grow up is any international journeys which are easier than in the past. Therefore, some migrations become common throughout the world in relation with either economic or political reasons. However, in the past years, there has been one kind of immigrations which is 344

rapidly remarkable, namely an immigration of retired persons. As Thailand is a favorable country among foreigners for their livings during retirements; they come from several countries ranging from USA, England, Germany, France, Russia and Japan. Most retired persons from western countries who come to Thailand are male for example the ratio of German immigrants is males rather than females who live for their retirements in Thailand at ratio 18.3 persons.(That means 18.3 German males per one German female live for their retirements in Thailand) Those who live for last period for lives are so called as “ lifestyle seeker” or persons who “seek for a way of living” The reasons why immigrants are different from most immigrants in the world are mainly economic or political ones. Therefore, the main reasons for retired elderly vary in several factors. Some factors which are always mentioned are warm weather, low cost of living, Thai friendly way of livings and even Thai couples. Mostly, these foreigners had ever been to Thailand so frequently before their retirements , so they prefer and get familiar with Thailand at one level and most of them found their Thai couple during their stays in Thailand. Then after retirement, they moved in and lived in Thailand and found themselves having good lives. The quality of living in Thailand is much better than their home countries, some rent their homes living with their Thai wives, take exercise, go cycling and then sit at the coffee shop reading newspaper, talk with friends, watch television in the afternoon, play internet, go cycling with their wives once again in the evening. When compared with their home countries, it is very cold and too depressed especially in the winter in which they only stay at home and rarely go out dining because food is expensive. Most of their offsprings go to work and seldom meet one another. With those above reasons, they have decided to move to Thailand and no longer go back to their countries. However, a major weak point is the difficulty of visa applications because those who need to spend their retired lives in Thailand must be over fifty years old and have a banking account at least 800,000 Baht or a pension of 65,000 Baht. Namely, saving up money in 12 months to earn no less than 800,000 Baht will be considered for visa application for retirement. If a visa application is granted for one –year type, it will be renewed again which is simple. Moreover, they have to report themselves every 90 days , with that some foreign elderly also find this matter too strict and think it is not essential to report themselves too often because they possess one-year visa. Other troubles that foreign elderly have faced are unstable exchange rate, diversification of languages and cultures, rough walkways and no ramps for wheelchairs, so a journey in urban areas are rather dangerous for the elderly. As many foreigners have come to Thailand for their retired lives in Thailand would impact positively to the whole economy of our country. Since the Chairman of Chiang Mai’s Commerce Chamber indicated that some revenues from elderly groups staying in Thailand 345

for a long tome are no less than 10,000 million Baht /year. Moreover, that some foreigners staying in some areas of Thailand has encouraged some new employments in local area such as guide, translator, Thai language teacher , merchant, etc. As elderly persons and immigrants are increasing around the world, Thailand should determine which direction Thai people or businessmen are likely to do with those who came to Thailand. As well, current measures are suitable or not, if any trends to support the elderly to live in Thailand, it is recommended to review regulations of visa application and city plan design as well as Thailand’s infrastructure appropriately for all groups of people. According to the above information, some foreign elderly persons who need to find out some places for the last period of lives happily which may not be their home countries but some countries which are safe, pleasant, and low cost of living as Thailand as well as some prepared health services provided. Most of them come from USA, England, Germany, France, Netherlands, China, Japan and popular cities such as Chiang Mai, Phuket, Pattaya, Nakhonratsima (Khao Yai)and Hua Hin. Another important issue which Thai entrepreneur shouldn’t ignore is some interesting figures of some income and savings of this group that not only found in Thai people but also in the elderly ones in foreign countries according to the following monthly income statistics . country Monthly Retired incomes (Unit :USD Dollars) France 731 New Zealand 1,262 Japan 657 Danemark 923 Begium 1,175 Sweden 956 Norway 1,717 Thailand 265 Source /jarm.com/knowledge/ Individual country pensions It is noticed that the elderly in many developed countries are considered as the highest potential groups and we cannot overlook their habits because they would not pay for unnecessary items in their lives. Since their ideas are complexed ones, then any businessmen must study this kind of sensitive characteristics of this group because the elderly group’s behaviors are classified into 2 groups , namely one is those who prefer to live alone or stay at home and the other is those who prefer to go to any parties and stay outside their homes. Both types of such behaviors have determined some kinds of business which the elderly people are looking for their incomes such as home product business in many products such as 346

burglar alarm, household entertainment device and housekeeping equipment ,etc. Healthcare business, fitness equipment, exercise places, supplementary food, vitamin, cosmetic, beauty business, tourism and recreation including hotel and restaurant business. Besides, there are financial business, tax, insurance, investment and short study, etc. Many businessmen are doing such business so successfully or unsuccessfully that they have to emphasize on various behaviors of the elderly because they would be unwilling to rely on technology such as they prefer to go to banks rather than go to ATM box. Or using some services via internet banking, shopping business and services for the elderly are definitely different from the young groups. This group prefer to find out some data before deciding to buy something. Marketers should give them a lot of information for their decisions. Significantly, building up close relation with these customers should be done. If any business companies can approach them properly, they would give this group of population to have the product loyalty easily. The elderly groups are major ones for all business including consumer products , services like food, beverage, daily furniture, nursery, medical business or tourism concerning with the growing elderly business. The issue that the number of the elderly is more than children population is very vital because business and service owners have to adapt themselves with any changes .Because the product need for children will decrease while the elderly group need them unexpectedly. Thus, the elderly are considered potential in product consumers. Considering the report of National Statistics Bureau, it was found that in 2014 , the elderly with salary of over 25,000 Baht/month accounting for 4.2% or around 4.2 hundred thousands . And this group of population is likely to increase gradually, and this is considered as remarkable target group for entrepreneurs because the government support various concrete policies such as long stay extension for foreigners aged over 50 years who need to stay as long-stay –visa from previously not more than one year to be ten year long in order to favor foreign elderly to live longer in Thailand. And the policy boosting Thailand to be service business for elderly of the world by applying some strong attractions such as good service , economical cost , a variety of relaxing areas, medical service and internationally standardized health service centres. The question that entrepreneurs need some responses in order to make a decision to obtain such above information is what business is the most outstanding which has been realized for its challenging factors towards business success regarding the elderly group. Undoubtedly, any businesses caring for the elderly are the most interesting for entrepreneurs. With current global context, the elderly society becomes more increasing together with their offsprings who separate from the elderly to have their own families so much time that they do not have any time to take care for their grateful elderly groups. 347