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siyasi, ma’ashi khalayat (Social, Political and Economic Ideas of Ibn Khaldun) Hyderabad (Dn.), A’zam Steam Press, 1943. [17] Rif ’at, Sayyid Mubariz al-Din, “Ma’ashiyat par Ibn Khaldun ke Khalayat” (Ibn Khaldun’s Views on Economics), Ma’arif (Azamgarh) 40(1) July 37: 16-28; 40(2), Aug. 37:85-95 [18] De Somogyi, Joseph, “Economic Theory in the Classical Arabic Literature”, Studies In Islam (Delhi) 2(1), Jan. 1-6. [19] al-Tahawi, Ibrahim, “al-iqtisad al-islami madhhaban wa nizaman wa dirasah muqaranh.(Islamic Economics-a School of Thought and a System, a Comparative Study), al-Qahirah, Majma’al-Buhuth al- Islamiyah, 1974. 2v. 616, 400p. [20] Irving, T.B, “ Ibn Khaldun on Agriculture”, Islamc Literature (Lahore) 7(8). Aug.55:31-31. [21] Abdus Sattar,M. “Ibn Khaldun’s Contibution to Economic Thought” in: Contemporary Aspects of Economic and Social Thingking in Islam. Gary. Indiana, M.S.S. of U.S &Canada.1973: 157-168. [22] Spengler. J.J. Ibid, dan Lihat dalam al-Jaraf, Muhammad Kamal, “al-Nizam al-mali al-Islami (Islamic Financial System), al-Qahirah, Maktabat al-Nahdat al-Jadidah, 1970. [23] Abdus Sattar,M. Op.Cit [24] Abdus Sattar,M.Op.cit, dan Lihat dalam Yamani, Ahmad Zaki, “ ’Adalatuna’l-ijtima’i (Our Social Justice) al-Muslimoon (Genewa) 9(9), July 65: 12-24; 9(10), Nov. 65: 55-62. [25] Irving, T.B, Op.Cit. dan Lihat dalam Hasan, Hasan Ibrahim.”Islam: Areligious, Political, Social and Economic Study, Beirut, Khayats, 1967. [26] Abdul al-Qadir, Muhammad,Op.Cit. dan Lihat. dalam Nadwi, Mujibullah, “Islami qunun-e ujrat ka ek bab” (A Chapter of the Islamic Law of Wages), Ma’arif (Azamgath) 77(6), June 56:405-421. [27] Abdus Sattar,M.Op.cit, dan Lihat. Yusuf, S.M. “Economic Justice in Islam”. Lahore, Muhammad Ashraf, 1971.vii. 116p. [28] De Somogyi, Joseph, “Economic Theory in the Classical Arabic Literature”, Op. Cit. [29] Abdul al-Qadir, Muhammad,Op.Cit. dan Lihat. dalam Qureahi, ‘Abdul Majid. “Minhat ke masa’il aur unke hal (Labour Problems and their Solution). Ichra, Lahore, al-Habib Publications, n.d. 60p. [30] Abdul al-Qadir, Muhammad,Op.Cit. Lihat. dalam Khan, 488 Teori Ekonomi

Muhammad Akram. “The Theory of Employment in Islam”, Islamic Literatur (Lahore) 14(4), Apr. 68: 5-16. dan Lihat dalam Qureahi, ‘Abdul Majid. Op.cit. [31] Ibn al-Sabil, Waitlif Khalik, Op. cit, dan Lihat dalam  Sheikh, Nasir Ahmad, “Some Aspects of the Constitution and the Economic of Islam”, Woking, England, The Woking Mission & Literary Trust, 1967. 256p. (Fisst Published in 1957). [32] Rif ’at, Sayyid Mubariz al-Din, Op.cit, dan Lihat dalam, al- Fasi,‘Allal, “al-Naqd al-Dhati (self Criticism), Beirut, Dar al- Kashshaf, 1966. 477p. [33] Abdus Sattar,M.Op.cit, dan Lihat dalam Yusufuddin, Muhammad. “Islam ke ma’ashi nazariye (Economic Theories of Islam) 2nd ed. Hyderabad, Matba’ Ibrahimiyah, 1950. 2v. 756p. [34] Rif ’at, Sayyid Mubariz al-Din, Op.cit, dan Lihat dalam, al- Fasi,‘Allal, “al-Naqd al-Dhati. Op. cit. [35] al-Tahawi, Ibrahim, Op.citdan Lihat dalam Abazah, Ibrahim Dasuqi. “al-Islam wa’l-tanmiyat al-iqtisadiyah” (Islam and Economic Development) al-Manhal (Jeddah) 33(11) Dec.72-Jan. 73:1123-1132. dan juga dalam Dawalibi, Ma’ruf. “Islam versus capitalism and Marxism”, Word Muslim League (Singapure) 3(5), May 66: 14-24. [36] al-Tahawi, Ibrahim, Op.citdan Lihat dalam Sherwani, H.K. “Ibn-e- Khaldun and His Politico-Economic Thought”, Islamic Culture 44(2). Apr. 70: 71-80. [37]Boulakia, Jean David C., Op. Cit. Pp. 1107-1108 [38]Ibid, p. 1109. [39] Gaston Bouthoul, Ibn Khaldoun, sa Philosophie sociale, (Paris: P. Geuthner, 1930), h. 62. [40] Muhammad Hilmi Murat, “Abu al-Iqtishad, Ibn Khaldun”, dalam A’mal Mahrajan Ibn Khaldun, (Kairo: al-Markaz al-Qaumi li al- Buhuts al-Ijtima’iyyah wa al-Jina’iyyah, 1962), h. 308. [41] Muhammad ‘Ali Nasy’at, al-Fikr al-Iqtishadi fi Muqaddimah Ibn Khaldun, (Kairo: t.p., 1944), h. 5-6. [42] Abd al-Rahman ibn Khaaldun, op. cit., h. 36-37 [43] Ibid… [44]Ibid, h. 344. [45] Thaha Hussein, La Philosophie sociale d’Ibn Khaldoun, (Paris: t.p., 1918), h. 195-196. [46] ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Khaaldun, op. cit., h. 345. [47]Ibid Teori Ekonomi 489

[48]Ibid, h. 346. [49]Ibid. [50]Ibid, h. 350. [51]Ibid, h. 346. [52]Ibid, h. 350. [53] Gaston Bouthoul, op. cit., h. 62. [54] Hanna al-Fakhuri dan Khalil al-Jarr, op. cit., h. 491 [55] ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Khaaldun, op. cit., h. 107. [56]Ibid, h.105. [57] Karl Marx dan F. Engels, al-I diulujiyyah al-Almaniyyah, terj. oleh Goerge Tharabisyi, (Damaskus: Dar Dimasyq li al-Thiba’ah wa al-Nasyr, 1966), h. 14. [58]Ibid, h. 53. [59] Roger Garaudy, Ibn Khaldun”, dalam Majallah al-Hilal. [60] ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Khaaldun, op. cit., h. 106 [61] Dikutip dari Muhammad ‘Ali Nasy’at, op.cit., h. 22-24. [62] Karl Maxr, Misere de la philosophie, (Paris: Editions Sociale, 1946), h. 107. [63] Muhammad ‘Ali Nasy’at, op.cit., h. 22-24. [64] Arnold Toynbee,  A Study of History, vol 3, London, Oxford University Press, 1948, hlm 67 [65] Ibid., hlm 422. Maslah ini juga dibahas oleh  Charles Issawi, Ibnu Khaldun’S Analysis of Economics Issues dalam Abdul Hasan M.Shadeq dan Aidit Ghazali (ed), Reading in Islamic Thought, Malaysia, Logman, 1992, hlm. 224 [66] Ibid, hlm. 340-341 [67]M.Umer Chapra, The Future of Islamic Economics, (terj, Masa Depan Ilmu Ekonomi Islam, Jakarta, Gema Insani Press, 2001, hlm. 138) [68]Ibid, hlm. 334 [69] ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Khaldun, op. cit., h. 333-334. [70] Karl Marx, Ra’s al-Mal, Vol. 1, terj. oleh Muhammad ‘Itani, (Beirrut : Maktabah al-Ma’arif, 1956), h. 50. [71] ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Khaldun, op. cit., h. 341. [72] V. Lenin, Marx, Egels, al-Marksiyyah, (Moscow: Dar al-Taqaddum, 1968), h. 24-25. [73] Roger Garaudy, Karl Marx, (Paris: seghers, 1946), h. 166-167. [74] ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Khaldun, op. cit., h. 334. [75] Ibnu, Khaldun, op.cit, hlm, 432. [76] Roger Garaudy, “Ibn Khaldun”, op. cit., h. 257. 490 Teori Ekonomi

[77] Muhammad ‘Ali Nasy’at, op.cit., h. 55. [78] Gaston Bouthoul, op. cit., h. 31. [79] Hanna al-Fakhuri dan Khalil al-Jarr, op. cit., h. 493. [80] Muhammad ‘Ali Nasy’at, op.cit., h. 73. [81] ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Khaldun, op. cit., h. 334-335. [82] Muhammad ‘Ali Nasy’at, op.cit., h. 31 [83] Sobhi Mahmassani, op. cit., h. 177. [84] ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Khaldun, op. cit., h. 321. 26 February 2011 Teori Ekonomi 491