October 2018

VOLUME 103 | ISSUE 109 | OCTOBER 2018 Page 4Environment News We have 12 years to limit climate change catastrophe, warns UN Established by H.H. Dr. Syedna Environment Wellness & Lifestyle Monthly Newsletter Mohammed Burhanuddin (RA)The world’s leading climate scientists havewarned there is only a dozen years for global in 1992warming to be kept to a maximum of 1.5degree Celsius, beyond which even half a Champions of the Earth Award to PM Modi by United Nationsdegree will significantly worsen the risks ofdrought, floods, extreme heat and povertyfor hundreds of millions of people. “It’s a linein the sand and what it says to our species isthat this is the moment and we must actnow,” said Debra Roberts, a co-chair of the - Edited content from The Guardianworking group on impacts. Scientists finally decide on world’s ‘largest bird’. And it is extinct. The Prime Minister of India, Shri Narendra Modi and The President of France, Mr.Emmanuel Macron, were recognized in the Policy Leadership category for theirFor 60 million years the colossal, flightless elephant bird -- Aepyornis maximus -- pioneering work in championing the International Solar Alliance and promoting newstalked the savannah and rainforests of Madagascar until it was hunted to levels of cooperation on environmental action. Mr. Macron's work on the Globalextinction around 1,000 years ago. Pact for the environment and Mr. Modi’s unprecedented pledge to eliminate all single-use plastic in India by 2022, were especially appreciated.A study released by British scientistssuggests that one species was even Burhani Foundation (India) achieved a World Recordlarger than previously thought, with aspecimen weighing an estimated 860 Burhani Foundation (India) received the award fromkgs. (1895 pounds) about the same as Golden Book of World Records for undertaking- Thea fully grown giraffe. They would have Largest Zero Waste Religious Event as part of thetowered over people and definitely Dawoodi Bohra community’s Ashara Mubaraka sermonscouldn’t fly as they could not support in Indore. The award was presented to His Holinesstheir own weight. Dr. Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin (TUS) by Dr. Manish Vishnoi, Asia Head of Golden Book of World Record onBurhani Foundation (India) 19 September 2018. During his address to the Bohra community in Indore, Prime Minister Shri Narendra has partnered with Modi appreciated the community’s move of linking the Ashara Mubaraka event with a message ofRecycled Paper Used environmental conservation and cleanliness. Recycled Paper Used BURHANI FOUNDATION (INDIA)Amatullah Manzil, 65 Bazargate Street, Fort, Mumbai-1.Phone: 22678480 / 22634326 Youtube: Burhani Foundation India ChannelWebsite: burhanifoundationindia.org Facebook: Burhani-Foundation-IndiaEmail: [email protected] Twitter: BFI_environment Instagram: burhani.foundation [email protected]

Page 2 Page 3 Biogas production process Biomass turned to gas by microbesBiogas is produced from organic waste which biodegrades by means of bacteria in In the biogas reactor, microbial action beginsan anaerobic environment. The biogas plant receives all kinds of organic waste, and the biomass enters a gradual process oftypically livestock manure and organic industrial waste. The dry solid in livestock fermentation. In practice this means thatmanure contains carbon, among other things, and in the process this carbon is microbes feed on the organic matter, such astransformed into biogas, a compound of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, and theirThe manure and waste are mixed in the plant's receiving tank and pumped into the digestion turns these into methane and carbondigester in which the biogas is produced. The biomass stays in the digester for 2-3 dioxide. Most of the organic matter is brokenweeks and the fermented slurry can subsequently be used as crop fertilizer. This down into biogas in approximately threefertilizer has improved qualities such as less odour and significant reduction of weeks. The biogas is collected in a sphericalgreenhouse gases. gas holder from the top of the biogas reactors. Turning diverse range of materials into gas DigestateBiogas production starts from the arrival of a diverse range of solid as well as Material remaining after the anaerobic digestion of a biodegradable feedstock aresludge-like feedstock at the biogas plant. Materials suitable for biogas production referred to as digestate. This goes into a post-digester reactor and from there intoinclude: storage tanks. Digestates are well suited for uses such as fertilization of fields.♦ Biodegradable waste Digestates are centrifuged to yield enough process water for the slurrification of from enterprises and bio-waste at the beginning of the process. This helps reduce the use of clean water. industrial facilities, The centrifuged liquid is rich in nutrients, particularly nitrogen that can be separated using methods such as stripping technology and used as fertilizers or nutrient♦ Spoiled food and food sources in industrial processes. waste Clean Biogas = Low Carbon Society♦ Sludge from wastewater treatment plants Gas would already be ready for several uses straight from the biogas plant gas holder. However, before being injected into the gas pipeline network or used to fuel♦ Manure and field biomass vehicles, it will still undergo purification. from agriculture In this upgrading process, gas is filtered and flown into columns where it is scrubbedThis bio-waste then undergoes crushing to make its consistency as even as possible. by cascading water at a very specific pressure and temperature. Water efficientlyThe entire Biomass is then pumped into the pre-digester tank where enzymes absorbs carbon dioxide and sulfur compounds contained by the gas. Biogas can alsosecreted by bacteria, breakdown the biomass into an even finer consistency. be purified using other methods, such as passing it through activated carbon filtersNext, the biomass is sanitized before entering the actual biogas reactor (digester). to remove impurities. The final upgraded biogas injected into the gas network is atIn sanitization, any harmful bacteria found in the material are eliminated by heating least 95% and usually around 98% methane. Biogas is dried carefully beforethe mixture to above 70 °C. Once sanitized, the mass is pumped into the main injection into the gas network to prevent condensation in winter subzero conditions.reactor where biogas production takes place.Recycled Paper Used The biogas produced can be used for purposes such as fueling municipal waste Recycled Paper Used management vehicles, urban buses or private cars. At the same time, gas serves as evidence of those practical actions that are taking us towards the low-carbon society of the future. - Edited content from Gasum & Bigadan website