STF_Presentation_20150314

Herbal  Dark  ChocolateEnjoy  the  taste  with  benefits  to  our  healthAmy  Yu  (10034800)  Karen  Kwok  (10186929)  Kelvin  Hau  (10509590)1  April  2015

What  is  Traditional  Chinese  Medicine? • Traditional  Chinese   medicine  (TCM) is  a  broad   range  of  medicine  practices   sharing  common  concepts   • Developed  in  China  more   than  2,000  years • Including  various  forms  of   herbal  medicine,   acupuncture,  massage  (Tui na),  exercise  (qigong),  and   dietary  therapy.[1] 1.  NCCIH.  Traditional  Chinese  Medicine:  An  Introduction  [Internet].  2015  [cited  2015  Mar   5];;Available  from:  https://nccih.nih.gov/health/whatiscam/chinesemed.htm

Product  Description • In  order  to  get  the   balance  between  taste   and  health.   • We  have  added  TCM   herbal  extract  into  dark   chocolate,  to  improve   overall  value  of  the   snack. • Finally  we  created  this   herbal  chocolate  series.

Why  we  add  herbal  and  its  benefit?TCM  herbal  have  health  benefit  to  improve  our  life,  such  as  [2]: • Balance.  TCM  works  on   returning  the  mind,  body  and   the  soul  to  proper  balance. • Improve  general  health.   It  is  able  to  improve  health overall.   2.  Savoie S.  10  Benefits  Of  Traditional  Chinese  Medicine  [Internet].  Made  Man2010  [cited  2015   Mar  5];;Available  from:  http://www.mademan.com/mm/10-­benefits-­traditional-­chinese-­ medicine.html#ixzz3T0kMUyeU

List  of  Raw  Ingredients   • Sugar • Cocoa  Mass   • Pure  Cocoa  butter • Milk  Fat • TCM  herbal  extract   • Non-­GMO  soya  lecithin • Natural  flavour and   Artificial  flavour

Processing,  Storage  and  Packaging Tempering  -­ Ensure  the  fat   sets  in  the  correct  crystal   form  [3] • Chocolate  is  a  very  poor   conductor  of  heat,  cool   down  quickly • Must  be  mixed  well   • Contact  with  the  cold   metal  surface  of  the   tempering  machine. 3.  Beckett  S.  The  science  of  chocolate.  Cambridge,  UK:  RSC  Publishing;;  2008.

Processing,  Storage  and  Packaging Moulding &  Solidifying  the   Chocolate  [3] • Empty  moulds are  pre-­ heated  to  within  a  few   degrees  before  the  start   of  the  moulding process. • Chocolate  must  solidify  in   the  correct  crystalline   form  with  cooling  tunnels.

Processing,  Storage  and  Packaging • Materials – Outer:  Paper  and  board – Inner:  Aluminium foil • Sealing  of  flow-­wrap   packaging  is  performed  by   the  application  of  pressure,   heat  and  dwell  time  or  by   pressure  and  dwell  time   alone  when  cold  seal   adhesive  is  employed.  [3]

TCM  Herbal  Extract  -­ Goji  ( ) • Fruit  of  Lycium barbarum[4] • Good  source  of  minerals,   polysaccharides  and   phenolic  compounds.  [5] • Anti  aging,  anti  diabetic,  anti   carcinogenic,  neuro-­ protective,  and  immune   enhancing  properties.  [6] 4.  He  N,  Yang  X,  Jiao  Y,  Tian  L,  Zhao  Y.  Characterisation of  antioxidant  and  antiproliferative acidic  polysaccharides  from  Chinese  wolfberry  fruits.  Food  Chemistry  2012;;133:978-­989. 5.  Nutritional,  Phytochemical  Characterization  and  Antioxidant  Capacity  of  Ningxia  Wolfberry   (Lycium barbarum L.).  JChemSocPak.  2014;;36(6). 6.  Shahidi F.  Dried  Fruits:  Phytochemicals  and  Health  Effects.  John  Wiley  &  Sons,  Inc.;;  2013.

TCM  Herbal  Extract  -­ Goji  ( )Bioactive  ingredients• Active  ingredients:  vitamins,   zeaxanthin,  flavonoids  [5,6]• Natural  antioxidants:  phytochemicals  [5]• Anticancer  activities:  wolfberry  fruit   polysaccharides  [7]

TCM  Herbal  Extract  -­ Dried  lily  bulbs  ( )  ● It  belongs  to  flowering  plants  of   the  Lilium genus  [8]● Relieve  coughs,  dry  throats  and   other  respiratory  conditions● Treat  insomnia  and  heart   palpitations  [9,10,11]● Promote  restful  sleep  [9,10,11]● Exhibit  strong  antioxidant   activities  [9,10,11]8.  Manitobalilies.ca.  Lily  bulb  structure  [Internet].  2015  [cited  2015  Mar  11];;Available  from:  http://www.manitobalilies.ca/Articles/Novice/Lilium%20Bulbs.htm9.  Welcome  to  Chinese  Herbs  Home.  Dried  Lily  Bulb  (  Bai  He  )   Chinese  Herbs  Articles  [Internet].  2015  [cited  2015  Mar  11];;Available  from:  http://chinese.herbs.webs-­sg.com/articles_9.html10.  Jin L,  Zhang  Y,  Yan  L,  Guo Y,  Niu L.  Phenolic  Compounds  and  Antioxidant  Activity  of  Bulb  Extracts  of  Six  Lilium Species  Native  to  China.  Molecules  2012;;17:9361-­9378.11.  Sandy  Siew-­Mian Yeo  and  Foony-­Yee  Tham,  “Anti-­quorum  sessing and  antimicrobial  activities  of  some  traditional  Chinese  medicinal  plants  commonly  used  in  South-­East  Asia.”  Malaysian  Journal  of  Microbiology, Vol 8(1)  2012,  pp11-­20.

TCM  Herbal  Extract  -­ Dried  lily  bulbs  ( )  Bioactive  ingredients  [10] • Rich  in  proteins,  starches  and   dietary  fibre • Contain  calcium,  iron,  phosphorus   and  vitamins  B1,  B2  and  C • Saponins

TCM  Herbal  Extract  -­ Ophiocordyceps  sinensis ( )   • Entomogenous ascomycetes   and  parasitizes  the  larvae  of   Lepidoptera   • Dōng Chóng Xià Cǎo ( ) [12] • Immunomodulatory,  anti-­ ageing,  anti-­tumour,     protection  of  human  organs   (Liver,  Kidney,  Heart),  anti-­ hypertensive. [13,14] 12.  Lo  H,  Hsieh  C,  Lin  F,  Hsu  T.  A  Systematic  Review  of  the  Mysterious  Caterpillar  Fungus   Ophiocordyceps sinensis in  DongChongXiaCao ( )  and  Related  Bioactive  Ingredients.   Journal  of  Traditional  and  Complementary  Medicine  2013;;3:16-­32. 13.  Ji D,  Ye  J,  Li  C,  Wang  Y,  Zhao  J,  Cai S.  Antiaging  effect  of  Cordyceps sinensis extract.   Phytotherapy Research  2009;;23:116-­122. 14.  Zhou  X,  Gong  Z,  Su  Y,  Lin  J,  Tang  K.  Cordyceps fungi:  natural  products,  pharmacological   functions  and  developmental  products.  j  pharm  pharmacol 2009;;61:279-­291.

TCM  Herbal  Extract  -­ Ophiocordyceps  sinensis ( )  Bioactive  ingredients  [12,14]• Cordyceps Polysaccharides• Cordycepin (3’-­deoxyadenosine)• Cordycepic acids  (D-­mannitol)• Ergosterols• Cordyceamides A  &  B• Peptides  (such  as  Cyclodipeptides,   Cordymin etc.)

Sensory  Evaluation  Questionnaire  [15,16] Descriptive  Test  -­ Scaling  15.  Singh-­Ackbarali D,  Maharaj R.  Sensory  Evaluation  as  a  Tool  in  Determining  Acceptability  of  Innovative  Products  Developed  by  Undergraduate  Students  in  Food Science  and  Technology  at  The  University  of  Trinidad  and  Tobago.  JCT  2014;;3.16.  Yuh E.  The  chocolate  tasting  guide;;  2014.

Sensory  Evaluation  QuestionnaireDescriptive  Test  -­ Scaling  (Cont’d)

Sensory  Evaluation  QuestionnaireAffective  Test  -­ Hedonic  scaling

Q  &  A

END

Goji  

For  Q  &  A  Section● Anti-­aging  and  antioxidative effects o They  increase  SOD,  GPx,  CAT,  and  GR  activities,  thereby   inhibiting  oxidative  stress-­induced  damage.   o LBPs  ameliorate  oxidative  stress-­induced  cellular   apoptosis.   o They  can  delay  angiotensin  II-­induced  aging  of  HUVECs   by  downregulating the  expression  of  p53  and  p16.   o In  the  ischemia/reperfusion  (I/R)  injuries  to  heart,  LBPs   significantly  decreased  the  myocardium  lactate   dehydrogenase  (LDH)  level  and  increased  Na+/K+-­ ATPase  and  Ca2+-­ATPase  activities.   o LBPs  ameliorate  oxidative  stress-­induced  cellular   apoptosis  by  downregulating Bax and  upregulating  Bcl-­2.

For  Q  &  A  Section● Anti-­tumor o LBPs  inhibit  the  proliferation  of  various  types  of  cancer   cells  and  induce  cell  cycle  arrest  at  the  G0/G1,  S,  or   G2/M  phase. o LBPs  regulate  the  expressions  of  Bcl-­2  and  Bax to  induce   tumor  cell  apoptosis  by  increasing  intracellular  Ca2+   concentration  and  mitochondrial  pathway.  Furthermore,   LBPs  inhibit  the  growth  of  MCF-­7  cells  through  activation   of  Erk1/2  and  modulation  of  estrogen  metabolism.   o LBPs  downregulate the  expression  of  cyclin D,  cyclin E,   and  CDK2  in  colon  cancer  cells.   o Moreover,  LBPs  stimulate  p53-­mediated  apoptosis  in  liver   cancer  cells  due  to  inhibition  of  NF-­κB.

Dried  Lily  bulbs

For  Q  &  A  Section● Saponins ○ Saponins are  phytochemicals  which  can  be  found  in  most   vegetables,  beans  and  herbs.  The  best  known  sources  of   saponins are  peas,  soybeans,  and  some  herbs  with   names  indicating  foaming  properties  such  as  soapwort,   saoproot,  soapbark  and  soapberry.   ○ Some  saponins are  toxic  and  are  known  as  sapotoxin.   ○ Saponins from  Yucca  and  Quillaja are  used  in  some   beverages,  such  as  beer,  to  produce  a  stable  foam.  The   detergent  properties  of  saponins have  led  to  their  use  in   shampoos,  facial  cleansers  and  cosmetic  creams.  

Ophiocordyceps sinensis

For  Q  &  A  Section● Immunomodulatory ○ Mitogenicity  and  activation  of  immune  cells ○ Suppression  of  autoimmune  diseases  and  allergy● Antiageing ○ Postpone  the  decline  of  brain  function ○ Improved  the  activity  of  antioxidative  enzymes● Antihypertensive  effect   ○ Reducing  myocardial  oxygen  consumption ○ Improving  myocardial  ischaemia ○ Anti-­platelet  aggregation  and  anti-­arrhythmic  effects

For  Q  &  A  Section● Antitumour  effect   ○ Enhancing  immunological  function  and  non-­specific   immunity ○ Selectively  inhibiting  RNA  synthesis,  thereby  affecting  the   protein  synthesis ○ Restricting  the  sprouting  of  blood  vessels ○ Inducing  tumour  cell  apoptosis ○ Regulation  of  signal  pathways ○ Antioxidation  and  anti-­free  radical  activity ○ Anti-­mutation  effect ○ Interfering  with  the  replication  of  tumour-­inducing  viruses ○ Inducing  nucleic  acid  methylation.

For  Q  &  A  Section● Protection  of  human  organs  (Liver,  Kidney,  Heart)   ○ Protective  effect  on  immune  liver  injury ○ Effect  on  patients  with  chronic  hepatitis  B ○ Effect  on  patients  with  hepatocirrhosis  after  hepatitis ○ Protective  effect  on  liver  fibrosis. ○ Therapeutic  effect  on  toxic  kidney  injury ○ Protecting  against  chronic  renal  function  failure ○ Reversing  the  effect  of  glomerulonephritis  in  an  animal   model

For  Q  &  A  Section● Cordycepin (3’-­deoxyadenosine) o 3’-­deoxyadenosine  (3’-­dA),  a  purine  alkaloid,  a  derivative   of  the  nucleoside  adenosine,  differing  from  the  latter  by   the  absence  of  oxygen  in  the  3’  position  of  its  ribose  part● Cordycepic acids  (D-­mannitol) o Mannitol  is  the  so-­called  “ChongCao Acid”  in  Chinese  and   is  also  improperly  named  as  “cordycepic acid.” o An isomer  of  quinic acid,  is  one  of  the  main  active   medicinal  components.● Ergosterols o Ergosterol is  a  sterol  unique  to  fungi  and  is  an  important   precursor  of  vitamin  D2

Reference  List1. NCCIH.  Traditional  Chinese  Medicine:  An  Introduction  [Internet].  2015  [cited  2015  Mar  5];;Available  from:  https://nccih.nih.gov/health/whatiscam/chinesemed.htm2. Savoie S.  10  Benefits  Of  Traditional  Chinese  Medicine  [Internet].  Made  Man2010  [cited  2015  Mar  5];;Available  from:  http://www.mademan.com/mm/10-­benefits-­traditional-­chinese-­medicine.html#ixzz3T0kMUyeU3. Beckett  S.  The  science  of  chocolate.  Cambridge,  UK:  RSC  Publishing;;  2008.4. He  N,  Yang  X,  Jiao  Y,  Tian  L,  Zhao  Y.  Characterisation of  antioxidant  and  antiproliferative acidic  polysaccharides  from  Chinese  wolfberry  fruits.  Food  Chemistry  2012;;133:978-­989.5. Nutritional,  Phytochemical  Characterization  and  Antioxidant  Capacity  of  Ningxia  Wolfberry  (Lycium barbarum L.).  JChemSocPak.  2014;;36(6).6. Shahidi F.  Dried  Fruits:  Phytochemicals  and  Health  Effects.  John  Wiley  &  Sons,  Inc.;;  2013.7. Zhou  S,  Cheng  J,  Zhou  Z,  Sheng  H,  He  L,  Fan  X  et  al.  An  evidence-­based  update  on  the  pharmacological  activities  and  possible  molecular  targets  of  Lycium barbarum polysaccharides.  Drug  Design,  Development  and  Therapy  2014;;:33.8. Manitobalilies.ca.  Lily  bulb  structure  [Internet].  2015  [cited  2015  Mar  11];;Available  from:  http://www.manitobalilies.ca/Articles/Novice/Lilium%20Bulbs.htm9. Welcome  to  Chinese  Herbs  Home.  Dried  Lily  Bulb  (  Bai  He  )   Chinese  Herbs  Articles  [Internet].  2015  [cited  2015  Mar  11];;Available  from:  http://chinese.herbs.webs-­ sg.com/articles_9.html10. Jin L,  Zhang  Y,  Yan  L,  Guo Y,  Niu L.  Phenolic  Compounds  and  Antioxidant  Activity  of  Bulb  Extracts  of  Six  Lilium Species  Native  to  China.  Molecules  2012;;17:9361-­9378.11. Sandy  Siew-­Mian Yeo  and  Foony-­Yee  Tham,  “Anti-­quorum  sessing and  antimicrobial  activities  of  some  traditional  Chinese  medicinal  plants  commonly  used  in  South-­East  Asia.”  Malaysian  Journal  of  Microbiology,  Vol  8(1)  2012,  pp11-­20.12. Lo  H,  Hsieh  C,  Lin  F,  Hsu  T.  A  Systematic  Review  of  the  Mysterious  Caterpillar  Fungus  Ophiocordyceps sinensis in  DongChongXiaCao ()  and  Related  Bioactive  Ingredients.  Journal  of  Traditional  and  Complementary  Medicine  2013;;3:16-­32.13. Ji D,  Ye  J,  Li  C,  Wang  Y,  Zhao  J,  Cai S.  Antiaging  effect  of  Cordyceps sinensis extract.  Phytotherapy Research  2009;;23:116-­122.14. Zhou  X,  Gong  Z,  Su  Y,  Lin  J,  Tang  K.  Cordyceps fungi:  natural  products,  pharmacological  functions  and  developmental  products.  j  pharm  pharmacol 2009;;61:279-­291.15. Singh-­Ackbarali D,  Maharaj R.  Sensory  Evaluation  as  a  Tool  in  Determining  Acceptability  of  Innovative  Products  Developed  by  Undergraduate  Students  in  Food  Science  and  Technology  at  The  University  of  Trinidad  and  Tobago.  JCT  2014;;3.16. Yuh E.  The  chocolate  tasting  guide;;  2014.