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Integumentary system

Key term: myc/o- fungus pil/o- hair derm/o, dermat/o- skin lip/o- fatty, lipid kerat/o- hard, horn-shape tissue rhytid/o- wrinkle xer/o- dry xanth/o- yellow erythr/o- red pedicul/o-finger tail, toenail onych/o- fungus

Function of Diseases: integumentary system: : Its main function is to act as a barrier to protect the body from 1.Albinism: prevent the the outside world. It also normal production of melanin functions to retain body fluids, result pale skin and hair. protect against disease, 2.Alopecia: hair loss eliminate waste products, and 3.Gangrene: necrosis of regulate body temperature. tissue( death of tissue). 4. Acne: inflamed sebaceous gland cause pimples

10 vocabulary: 1. SKIN :the thin layer of tissue forming the natural outer covering of the body of a person or animal. 2. HAIR: a slender threadlike outgrowth of the epidermis of an animal especially 3. NAILS:part of the outer layer of the skin and are composed of hard tissue formed of keratin. 4. KERAGIN:fibrous, acidic or basic proteins chiefly of epithelial cells and tissues that are relatively insoluble and resistant to degradation, form filaments which assemble into bundles to provide structural support, 5. DERMIS:The lower or inner layer of the two main layers of cells that make up the skin. 6. EPIDERMIS:the surface epithelium of the skin, overlying the dermis 7. SWEAT GLANDS :also known as sudoriferous or sudoriferous glands, from Latin sudor, meaning 'sweat', are small tubular structures of the skin that produce sweat. 8. SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER: also known as the hypodermis or superficial fascia, is the layer of tissue that underlies the skin. 9. ECZEMA:a medical condition in which patches of skin become rough and inflamed, with blisters that cause itching and bleeding, sometimes resulting from a reaction to irritation 10. ACNE:a skin condition that occurs when your hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells. It often

Healthcare careers: Dermatologists. Dermatologists are who have acquired a Dermatology degree from a medical institution and specializes in the diagnosis and cure of skin disorders. Cosmetologists are trained and licensed to perform cosmetic treatments to the hair, skin, and nails.

Label system:

Musculoskeletal System

Key Terms: -plegia- stroke kinesi/o- movement my/o- muscle myel/o- bone marrow oste/o- bone cost/o- rib crani/o- cranium -pexy - surgical fixation chondr/o- cartilage arthr/o- joint

Function of Musculoskeletal Diseases: system: Kyphosis: abnormal outward It is made up of the bones of the curve of thoracic spine skeleton, muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and other Talipes: congenital deformity of connective tissue that supports and foot involving the talus ankle bone binds tissues and organs together. The musculoskeletal system's Atrophy: Shrinking of muscle primary functions include supporting the body, allowing motion, and Hypotonia: loss of muscle mass protecting vital organs.

10 vocabulary 1.Cartilage:connective tissue that cushions the ends of bones and prevents them from rubbing against one another 2.Skeletal muscle tissue:a muscle that is connected at either or both extremities with a bone 3.Cardiac muscle tissue:a type of muscle tissue that is found only in the heart 4.Smooth muscle tissue:muscle tissue that contracts without conscious control 5.Vertebrae:each of the series of small bones forming the backbone, having several projections for articulation and muscle attachment, and a hole through which the spinal cord passes 6.Red marrow:produces cells that develop into the body's blood cells 7.Yellow marrow:stores fat and serves as a source of energy reserve for the body 8.Ligaments:type of connective tissue that connects bone to bone 9.Tendon: type of connective tissue that connects muscles to bone 10.Appendicular skeleton:this consists of bones of the upper and lower limbs and their girdles and enables the body to move

Healthcare careers: ( citation )https://study.com/articles/jobs_dealing_with_bones.html Rheumatologist Rheumatologists are a type of physician that specializes in rheumatology. The job of these doctors involves detecting, diagnosing, and treating issues dealing with bones, muscles, and joints, which often includes autoimmune diseases. Osteoarthritis and Paget's disease are conditions involving bones that are diagnosed by these specialists. To become a rheumatologist, one must become a medical doctor who then takes extra courses while completing a fellowship in the specialty. Forensic Science Technician The job of a forensic science technician is to help in criminal investigations, and bones may be an integral part in the investigation. By analyzing the bones of a deceased person, the technicians may be able find a cause of death, such as trauma that could be related to criminal activity. To become a forensic science technician, one must possess a bachelor's degree in biology, chemistry, biochemistry, or forensic science.

Label system:

Nervous system

Key term: Function of nervous system: neur/o- nerve The nervous system is involved in receiving information about the encephal/o- brain environment around us (sensation) and generating responses to myel/o-bone that information (motor responses). The nervous system can be ambul/o- to walk divided into regions that are responsible for sensation (sensory -esthesia - capacity for sensation and functions) and for the response (motor functions). feeling mening/o-meninges psych/o- mental concuss/o- shaken together

10 vocabulary : acetylcholine:Neurotransmitter chemical released at the ends of nerve cells. astrocyte:Type of glial cell that transports water and salts from capillaries. autonomic nervous system:Nerves that control involuntary body functions of muscles, glands, and internal organs. brainstem:Posterior portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord; includes the pons and the medulla oblongata. cauda equina:Collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord. cerebellum:Posterior part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance. cerebrospinal fluid:Circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord. cerebrum:Largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory. efferent nerve:Carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord; motor nerve. ependymal cell:Glial cell that lines membranes within the brain and spinal cord and helps form cerebrospinal fluid. glial cell:Supportive and connective nerve cell that does not carry nervous impulses.

Diseases: Healthcare careers:( citation Anxiety disorders: mental disorder that shares characteristic of https://personal.utdallas.edu/~kilgard/neuroscience_ca anxiety Panic disorder: sudden recruiting attack of intense anxiety and )reers.htm fear PTSD: extreme traumatized event is that trigger persistent :Neuroanatomist Studies the structure (anatomy) of thought of fears of that experiment Phobia: anxiety or fear of something the nervous system. Neurologist:n M.D. who diagnoses and treats disorders of the nervous system.

Label system:

Special senses

Key terms: Diseases: irid/o-iris, colored part of the eye Amblyopia- called lazy eye, is a disorder of sight in which -cusis-hearing problem -opia-specified conditions of the eye. the brain fails to process inputs from one eye and over time ot/o-denoting the ear favors the other eye. It results in decreased vision in an eye tympan/o-eardrum that otherwise typically appears normal. opthalm/o- eye -metry- process of measuring Cataract-cloudy area in the lens of your eye. Cataracts are very common as you get older. In fact, more than half of all Americans age 80 or older either have cataracts or have had surgery to get rid of cataracts. Glaucoma-is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, the health of which is vital for good vision. This damage is often caused by an abnormally high pressure in your eye. Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness for people over the age of 60. hyperopia -is a common vision condition in which you can see distant objects clearly, but objects nearby may be blurry. The degree of your farsightedness influences your focusing ability.

10 key vocab : Canthus-the medial and lateral commissure; corners of the eye Tarsal Glands-modified sebaceous glands associated with the eyelid edges Conjunctiva-lines the eyelids and covers part of the outer surface of the eyeball Lacrimal Apparatus-consists of the lacrimal gland and a number of ducts that drain the lacrimal secretions into the nasal cavity Lacrimal Glands-located above the lateral end of each eye; continually release tears onto the anterior surface of the eyeball Lacrimal Canaliculi-where the tears flush across the eyeball medially Lacrimal Sac-where the tears flow into from the lacrimal calculi Nasolacrimal Duct-Tears flow here from the lacrimal sac and empty into the nasal cavity Lysozyme-enzyme that destroys bacteria Extrinsic Eye Muscles-muscles attached to the outer surface of each eye

Function: The principle function of the special sensory receptors is to detect environmental stimuli and transduce their energy into electrical impulses. These are then conveyed along sensory neurons to the central nervous system, where they are integrated and processed, and a response is produced.

Healthcare careers ( )https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dermatology Otolaryngology- medical specialty which is focused on the ears, nose, and throat. It is also called otolaryngology-head and neck surgery because specialists are trained in both medicine and surgery. An otolaryngologist is often called an ear, nose, and throat doctor, or an ENT for short. dermatology-is the branch of medicine dealing with the skin. It is a speciality with both medical and surgical aspects. A dermatologist is a specialist doctor who manages diseases related to skin, hair and nails and some cosmetic problems.

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Cardiovascular system

Key terms: leuk/o- white erythr/o-red blood cell cardi/o- heart arteri/o-artery angi/o-blood or lymph vessels hem/o,hemat/o-blood Brady- slow Tachy- fast thromb/o-blood clot -emia- blood condition

10 vocab: aorta-largest artery in the body arteriole-small artery atrioventricular node-specialized tissue in the wall between the atria atrium-one of two upper chambers of the heart capillary-smallest blood vessel coronary arteries-blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle diastole-relaxation phase of the heartbeat electrocardiogram-record of the electricity flowing through the heart. endocardium-inner lining of the heart endothelium-innermost lining of the blood vessels

function: Disease: The primary function of the Aneurysm:Aneurysms often occur in the aorta, brain, heart and blood vessels is back of the knee, intestine, or spleen. A ruptured to transport oxygen, aneurysm can result in internal bleeding, stroke, and nutrients, and byproducts can sometimes be fatal. of metabolism. Angina: Angina is a symptom of coronary artery disease. Angina feels like squeezing, pressure, heaviness, tightness, or pain in the chest. Tachycardia: a condition that makes your heart beat more than 100 times per minute. There are three types of it: Supraventricular. Hypertension:abnormally high blood pressure.

Cardiovascular system Healthcare careers : Cardiac Surgeon: Experienced surgeons can obtain additional qualifications in order to get a specialist cardiology job. They perform major operations on hearts, major blood vessels, veins and arteries. Invasive Cardiologist: An Invasive Cardiologist job involves everything in a Non-Invasive Cardiologist job description, and they are also trained in cardiac catheterization and other minor surgeries.

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Reproductive

Key terms: gynec/o- female reproduction colp/o-vagina cervic/o- neck prostat/o- prostate gland salping/o- denoting a tube ov/o- oocyte or egg orchid/o-testes oophor/o-ovary men/o-menstruation mamm/o- mandible (lower jaw bone

function: Within the context of producing offspring, the reproductive system has four functions: To produce egg and sperm cells. To transport and sustain these cells. To nurture the developing offspring.

10 vocab: areola-small circular area such as that around the human nipple bulbourethral gland-Secretes a clear mucus before ejaculation that neutralizes acidic urine remaining in the urethra cervix-the opening to the uterus gonads-reproductive glands-male, testes gametes-reproductive cells, have only half the number of chromosomes as body cells sperm-the male reproductive cell ova-Also known as eggs, the gametes produced by females seminiferous tubules-Small convoluted tubules in the testes where spermatogenesis takes place. interstitial cells-in the testes, these cells lie between the seminiferous tubules and produce the hormone testosterone epididymis-coiled duct on top and at side of the testis that stores sperm before emission

Diseases: Healthcare careers: (https://devong-bio2final.weebly.com/medical Anorchia-also called anorchidism or anorchism) is a -professions.html) disorder of sex development in which a person with XY karyotype, which usually corresponds to male Gynecologists: deal with the health of the female sex, is born without testes. reproductive system. The term gynecology literally means the study of women BPH-also called prostate gland enlargement — is a common condition as men get older. Andrology :is the medical profession dealing with the health of the male reproductive system Infertility-not being able to become pregnant after a year of trying HPV-stands for human papillomavirus. It's the most common sexually transmitted infection. HPV is usually harmless and goes away by itself, but some types can lead to cancer or genital warts.

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Respiratory:

Key term: pneum/o-breathing, respiration, the lungs pulmon/o-lungs bronch/o- trachea thorac/o-chest cyan/o- blue trache/o-trachea Laryng/o-larynx -xia- x ray Oxy- oxygen pleur/o- a rib, the side

10 vocab Nose-A pathway for oxygen to enter the lungs. Nasal Cavity-open area behind the nose that is lined with cilia, mucus, and capillaries. oral cavity-A pathway for oxygen, food and liquid to enter the body. Lungs-Organ which allows oxygen to get to the blood and helps remove waste gasses such as carbon dioxide. diaphragm-Sheet of muscle beneath the lungs that contracts and relaxes which changes the air pressure in the chest cavity to move gasses into and out of the lungs. pharynx-muscular funnel passageway used by food, liquid and air, which helps with swallowing. The epiglottis is attached trachea-Structure: outside is lined with C-shaped cartilage and inside is lined with mucus and cilia Function: C-shaped cartilage helps to keep neck and head flexible and protect the tube from collapsing. Bronchi-Airways in the lungs that lead from the trachea to the bronchioles bronchial-Tube smaller than a strand of hair that help to transfer oxygen to the alveoli. Alveoli-Clusters of thin-walled sacs surrounded by capillaries that allow for quick exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

diseases: Function: Emphysema-a lung condition that causes shortness of (https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1CAISMM_enUS91 breath 4&ei=FTBgX4P3BoGUtQXVtI2oBg&q=function+of+respir Aspiration-a condition that occurs when a person atory+system&oq=function+of+res&gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktYW inhales a foreign substance into their windpipe and IQARgAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIAD lungs ICCAAyAggAMgIIADoECAAQRzoFCAAQzQI6BQgAEJE COggIABCxAxCDAToLCC4QsQMQxwEQowI6CAguELE Hyperventilation- a condition in which you start to DEIMBOggILhDHARCjAjoECAAQQzoFCAAQsQNQzrYC breathe very fast. Healthy breathing occurs with a WIXzAmDX_AJoAXAFeACAAbkBiAGaFJIBBDUuMTiYA healthy balance between breathing in oxygen and QCgAQGqAQdnd3Mtd2l6sAEAyAEIwAEB&sclient=psy-a breathing out carbon dioxide. b&safe=active&ssui=on) sputum- infections, malignancy (cancer), inflammation, respiratory system is the network of organs and allergy, trauma, medication side effects, and airway tissues that help you breathe. This system helps obstruction. your body absorb oxygen from the air so your organs can work. It also cleans waste gases, such as carbon dioxide, from your blood. Common problems include allergies, diseases or infections.

Healthcare careers:( )https://quizlet.com/266854128/respiratory-system-jobs-and-professions-flash-cards/ pulmonologist:physicians specially trained to treat diseases and conditions of the chest respiratory therapist:work with patients who have breathing or other cardiopulmonary disorders

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Urinary system

Key term: -ectasis-is Function: dilation or (https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1CAISMM_enUS914&ei=WjNgX5f6Ls -cele-swelling; distention of hernia a tubular SisAWq8Jy4BQ&q=urinary+system+function&oq=urinary+system+f&gs_lcp structure =CgZwc3ktYWIQARgAMggIABCxAxCDATICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAg -lysis-dissolution or gAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADoECAAQRzoKCAAQsQMQgwEQQzoECAA destruction of cells pyel/o- QQ1D58AhYn_QIYNv8CGgAcAJ4AIABdogB3gGSAQMwLjKYAQCgAQGq Cyst/o- denoting a pelvis AQdnd3Mtd2l6yAEIwAEB&sclient=psy-ab&safe=active&ssui=on) bladder, sac or cyst is to filter blood and create urine as a waste nephr/o-Kidney by-product. The organs of the urinary system include the kidneys, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder and ren/o-denoting the urethra. The body takes nutrients from food and kidney converts them to energy. -uria-presence in the urine -prexy-surgical fixation or suspension

10 vocab: arteriole:small artery calyx or calix:Cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis Catheter: Tube for injecting or removing fluids Cortex: outer region of an organ;the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney creatinine-Nitrogenous waste excreted in urine. Electrolyte- chemical element that carries and electrical charge when dissolved in water. erythropoietin:Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow filtration:process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter. glomerular capsule-Tiny ball of capillaries (microscopic blood vessels) in the kidney. hilum:Depression in an organ where blood vessels and enter and leave.

Diseases: Healthcare careers: Cystocele-A cystocele can result from Urology: Urologists provide medical and surgical management childbirth, constipation, violent coughing, for disorders of the urinary tract in both men and women. heavy lifting, or other pelvic muscle strain. Nephrologists.:Nephrologists begin their careers in internal Nephrolithiasis-(kidney stones) is a disease medicine. affecting the urinary tract. Kidney stones are small deposits that build up in the kidneys, Label: made of calcium, phosphate and other components of foods. They are a common cause of blood in urine. KUB-When the test is done to look at the bladder and kidney structures, it is called a KUB (kidneys, ureters, bladder) x-ray Wilms tumor-is the most common type of kidney cancer in children. Wilms' tumor is a rare kidney cancer that primarily affects children. Also known as nephroblastoma, it's the most common cancer of the kidneys

Digestive system:

Key terms: -pepsia-digesti Function: on Cholecyst/o-gallbladder the process of breaking down food by enter/o-enter chol/e-bile, mechanical and enzymatic action in the col/o,colon/o- large intestine gall alimentary canal into substances that can be hepat/o-liver used by the body. gastr/o-stomach proct/o-anus or/o-mouth

10 vocab gastrointestinal tract-Long winding path from mouth to anus mouth-the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge saliva-mixture of water, mucus, and salivary amylase; produced in mouth for chemical digestion amylase-enzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds in starches enzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds in starches-throat; passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx epiglottis-a flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe while swallowing esophagus-the passage between the pharynx and the stomach peristalsis-rhythmic muscular contractions that squeeze food through the esophagus into the stomach lower esophageal sphincter-a muscular ring that controls the flow between the esophagus and stomach heartburn/acid reflux-Occurs when stomach acids backup into the esophagus causing painful discomfort in the

disease: Healthcare careers: (https://work.chron.com/medical-careers-digestive-fields-8377.html) Obesity-the condition of being grossly gastroenterologist is an expert in digestive health and issues fat or overweight related to the stomach, intestines, and bowels, but also includes a number of other organs related to the entire digestive tract. GERD-Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs when stomach acid Oncologists:are specialists in surgical and non-surgical treatment frequently flows back into the tube of cancers. Many cancers occur in the digestive tract, from connecting your mouth and stomach tumors of the throat and stomach to lethal pancreatic cancers. (esophagus). Hernia-Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs when stomach acid frequently flows back into the tube connecting your mouth and stomach (esophagus). Hepatitis- is inflammation of the liver. Inflammation is swelling that happens when tissues of the body are injured or infected. It can damage your liver

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