9165_ระบบกล้ามเนื้อ

22-102 Wrist, Hand, and Finger Muscles (cont.) • Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis – Extend the wrist and abduct the hand • Extensor carpi ulnaris – Extends the wrist • Extensor digitorum – Extends the fingers, but not the thumb © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Muscles of the Pelvis, Hip, and Thigh Figure 6.18c Slide 6.41 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Iliopsoas • Anterior hip muscles • Flexes thigh © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Gluteus Maximus • Buttocks muscles • Extends the hip, abducts and laterally rotates the thigh © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Gluteus Medius • Surrounds the hip • Medially rotates and abducts the thigh © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Sartorius • Located in the anterior thigh • Longest muscle in the body • Flexes and laterally rotates the thigh, flexes the leg © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Rectus Femoris • Located in the anterior thigh • Part of the quadriceps group of muscles • Flexes thigh, extends leg (knee) © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Vastus Lateralis • Located in the anterior thigh • Part of the quadriceps group of muscles • Extends leg (knee) © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Vastus Medialis • Located in the anterior thigh • Part of the quadriceps group of muscles • Extends leg (knee) © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Vastus Intermedius • Located in the anterior thigh • Part of the quadriceps group of muscles • Extends leg (knee) © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Adductor muscles • Located in the inner thigh • Adducts and flexes the thigh © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Biceps Femoris • Located in the posterior thigh • Part of the hamstrings group of muscles • Extends thigh, flexes knee, and rotates leg laterally © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Semitendinosus • Located in the posterior thigh • Part of the hamstrings group of muscles • Extends thigh, flexes knee, and rotates leg laterally © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Semimembranosus • Located in the posterior thigh • Part of the hamstrings group of muscles • Extends thigh, flexes knee, and rotates leg laterally © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Muscles of the Lower Leg Figure 6.19 Slide 6.42 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Fibularis Longus • Located along the fibula bone (side of the lower leg) • Planter flexion and eversion of the foot • Supports the arch © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Extensor Digitorum Longus • Located in the lower leg • Dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot • Extends the toes © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Tibialis Anterior • Located on the shin bone • Dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Gastrocnemius • Posterior lower leg • Flexes knee and plantar flexes the foot © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Soleus • Posterior lower leg • Plantar flexion of the foot © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

22-122 Muscle Strains and Sprains (cont.) • Prevention – Warm up muscles • A few minutes before an intense activity raises muscle temperature and makes muscle more pliable – Stretching • Improves muscle performance and should always be done after the warm-up or after exercising – Cooling down or slowing down • Before completely stopping prevents pooling of blood in the legs and helps remove lactic acid from muscles © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

22-123 Diseases and Disorders of the Muscular System Disease Description Botulism Affects the gastrointestinal tract and various muscle groups Fibromyalgia Fairly common condition that causes Muscular chronic pain primarily in joints, muscles, dystrophy and tendons Myasthenia gravis Inherited disorder characterized by muscle weakness and a loss of muscle tissue Autoimmune condition in which patients experience muscle weakness © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

22-124 Diseases and Disorders of the Muscular System (cont.) Disease Description Rhabdomyolysis A condition in which the kidneys become damaged after serious muscle injuries Tetanus Painful inflammation of a tendon and the (lockjaw) tendon-muscle attachment to a bone Torticollis Acquired or congenital; spasm or (wryneck) shortening of the sternocleidomastoid muscle; head bends to affected side and Trichinosis chin rotates to opposite side An infection caused by parasites (worms) © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.