LOGO I am NgaDao Teacher of The English Language www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
Relative clauses I. Defining & non-defining Relative clauses II. Relative pronouns and adverbs III. Reduced relative clauses IV. Practice V. Mi - ni test www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
LOGO A kangaroo A kangaroo is an animal which lives in Australia. www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
LOGO Lotus Lotus is very beautiful. Lotus, which is the national flower of Vietnam, is very beautiful. www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
LOGO A kangaroo is an animal which lives in Australia. Mệnh đề quan hệ ✓là mệnh đề phụ đi sau danh từ ✓bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước (MĐ tính ngữ) ✓thường bắt đầu bằng các đại từ quan hệ (MĐQH dạng đầy đủ khi không lược bỏ ĐTQH hoặc rút gọn MĐQH) Lotus, which is the national flower of Vietnam, is very beautiful. www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
TYPES OF RELATIVE CLAUSES www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
LOGO I. DEFINING & NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES The university which she likes to apply for is very famous. www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
II. DEFINING & NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES ❖ Harvard university, which she likes to apply for, is very famous. www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
I. DEFINING & NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES E.g.: The university E.g.: Harvard University, which she likes to which she likes to apply for is very famous. apply for, is very famous. ➢Xác định/ làm rõ nghĩa ➢Bổ sung thêm thông tin cho DT đứng trước cho DT đứng trước ➢Không thể bỏ đi ➢Có thể bỏ đi ➢Không có dấu “,” ➢Có dấu “,” DEFINING NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES RELATIVE CLAUSES (MĐQH không xác định) (MĐQH xác định) www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
I. DEFINING & NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES E.g.: The university wthhaitch E.g.: Harvard University, she likes to apply for is which she likes to apply very famous. for, is very famous. ➢ Có thể dùng “that” ➢ Không thể dùng thay who, whom, “that” thay who, which whom, which ➢ Thường sau (cụm) từ có ➢ Thường sau (cụm) từ có dạng: dạng: • the + n. • Peter, Paris,… (DT riêng) • Ns (DT số nhiều) • his, my,… + n. • A,an + n. • this, that, these, those + n. • someone, those, all,… NON-DEFINING DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES RELATIVE CLAUSES (MĐQH không xác định) (MĐQH xác định) www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
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II. RELATIVE PRONOUNS AND ADVERBS 1. RELATIVE PRONOUNS WHICH Danh từ chỉ vật, chủ ngữ và tân ngữ trong MĐQH Lotus, which is the national flower of Vietnam, is very beautiful. The book which I bought yesterday is really interesting. www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
LOGO II. RELATIVE PRONOUNS AND ADVERBS 1. RELATIVE PRONOUNS WHICH Mệnh đề There is nobody to play with me, which is very disappointing. www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
II. RELATIVE PRONOUNS AND ADVERBS 1. RELATIVE PRONOUNS WHO Danh từ chỉ người, chủ ngữ trong MĐQH * tân ngữ trong MĐQH (thay “whom”) My mother, who is 40 years old, is a caring person. The student who sits next to me speaks English very well. I was really impressed by the girl who I met at your party. www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
II. RELATIVE PRONOUNS AND ADVERBS 1. RELATIVE PRONOUNS WHOM Danh từ chỉ người, tân ngữ trong MĐQH My mother is the person whom I admire most. This is my mother, whom I admire most. www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
II. RELATIVE PRONOUNS AND ADVERBS 1. RELATIVE PRONOUNS WHOM Danh từ chỉ người, tân ngữ trong MĐQH My mother is the person who I admire most. This is my mother, who I admire most. ➢ “whom” có thể được thay bằng “who”. www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
II. RELATIVE PRONOUNS AND ADVERBS 1. RELATIVE PRONOUNS WHOSE Sở hữu (DT chỉ người hoặc vật): her, his, their, its, N’s,… Laura lent me a book whose title is “Harry Porter”. Laura, whose hair is the longest, learns the best in this class. www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
II. RELATIVE PRONOUNS AND ADVERBS 1. RELATIVE PRONOUNS Sở hữu (DT chỉ người hoặc vật): WHOSE her, his, their, its, N’s,… Laura lent me a book whose title is “Harry Porter”. Laura lent me a book of which the title is “Harry Porter”. “whose” = “of whom/ of which” www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
LOGO II. RELATIVE PRONOUNS AND ADVERBS 1. RELATIVE PRONOUNS WHO • Anna is the student wthhaot learns the best in our class. WHOM • My mother is the person wthhaotm I admire most. WHICH • The university wthhaicth she likes to apply for is very famous. THAT thay who, whom, which trong MĐQHXĐ www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
LOGO II. RELATIVE PRONOUNS AND ADVERBS 1. RELATIVE PRONOUNS Các trường hợp thường dùng “THAT”: ➢ khi danh từ đi trước chỉ cả người và vật E.g.: She talked about the people and places that she had visited. ➢ khi đi sau cấp so sánh hơn nhất E.g.: He is the most interesting person that I have ever met. www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
II. RELATIVE PRONOUNS AND ADVERBS 1. RELATIVE PRONOUNS Các trường hợp thường dùng “THAT”: ➢ khi đi sau các từ: the first, the second, the last, the only ❖ E.g.: She is the only applicant that is suitable for the job. ➢ khi đi sau các đại từ bất định: ❖ no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anything, anybody, someone, something, somebody, all, some, any, little, none. ❖ E.g.: Anyone that leaves last must turn off the fan. www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
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LOGO II. RELATIVE PRONOUNS AND ADVERBS 1. RELATIVE PRONOUNS Không dùng “that”: ➢ Sau dấu “,” • The university which/that she likes to apply for is very famous. • Harvard university, which she likes to apply for, is very famous. • Harvard university, that she likes to apply for, is very famous. ➢ Sau giới từ • The house in which I was born is for sale. • The house in that I was born is for sale. www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
II. RELATIVE PRONOUNS AND ADVERBS 1. RELATIVE PRONOUNS WHO • ….. N (person) + WHO + (S) + V … WHOM • …..N (person) + WHOM + S + V … WHICH • ….N (thing) + WHICH + (S) + V … • S + V…, which + V… WHOSE • …..N (person/thing) + WHOSE + N + (S) + V... THAT • who, whom, which in defining relative clauses www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
LOGO www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
* NOTES 1 ➢ Lược bỏ ĐTQH: khi ĐTQH làm tân ngữ trong MĐQHXĐ (whom, which, that, who) ❖ E.g.1: The girl whom/who/that you met yesterday is my close friend. ❖ → The girl you met yesterday is my close friend. ❖ E.g.2: The book which/that you lent me was very interesting. ❖ → The book you lent me was very interesting. www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
Use suitable relative pronouns to complete the sentences. 1. The girl ______ you met yesterday is my close friend. ❖ whom/ who/ that/ Ø 2. The book ______ you lent me is very interesting. ❖ which/ that/ Ø www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
2 * NOTES ➢ ĐTQH với các cụm từ chỉ số lượng: ❖ some of, both of, all of, neither of, many of, none of … có thể được dùng trước whom, which, whose. ❖ E.g.1: I have two sisters. Both of them are doctors. ❖ → I have two sisters, both of whom are doctors. ❖ E.g.2: She tried on three dresses. None of them fitted her. ❖ → She tried on three dresses, none of which fitted her. www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
LOGO * NOTES 3 ➢ ĐTQH với giới từ: Nếu trong MĐQH có giới từ thì có thể chuyển lên trước ĐTQH (whom, which) => trang trọng • This is the village (which/that) I was born in. => This is the village in which I was born. www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
LOGO * NOTES 4 Nếu động từ chính trong MĐQH là ngữ động từ (look up to, put up with, come across, fill in, look after,…) thì không chuyển được giới từ lên trước ĐTQH. E.g.: She is one of the few people whom I look up to. who/that She is one of the few people to whom I look up. www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
LOGO Use suitable relative pronouns to complete the sentences. 1. The house ______ Mozart was born in is now a museum. which/ that/ Ø 2. The house in ______ Mozart was born is now a museum. which 3. Mr. John, ______ I talked to yesterday, sends you his regards. whom/ who 4. Mr. John, to ______ I talked yesterday, sends you his regards. whom www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
LOGO Identify the underlined part that needs correcting. 1. The house in where Mozart was born is now a museum. => which 2. Mr. John, that I talked to yesterday, sent you his regards. => whom/ who www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
II. RELATIVE PRONOUNS AND ADVERBS W H I C H ? 1. Ha Long Bay, _w_h_ic_h__ is located in Quang Ninh, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. 2.Ha Long Bay, __?____ I spent my holiday last summer, is very beautiful. 3. Ha Long Bay, _w_h_ic_h__ I visited last summer, is very beautiful. 4.Ha Long Bay is the place ___? ___ I first met my closest friend. www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
LOGO II. RELATIVE PRONOUNS AND ADVERBS 2. RELATIVE ADVERBS ❑ Ha Long Bay, _w_h_e_re__ I spent my holiday last summer, is very beautiful. ❑ Ha Long Bay is the place _w_h_e_r_e _ I first met my closest friend. www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
II. RELATIVE PRONOUNS AND ADVERBS 2. RELATIVE ADVERBS WHERE E.g.: The hotel wasn’t very clean. We stayed at that hotel. → The hotel where we stayed wasn’t very clean. at which ….N (place) + WHERE + S + V ... (= ON / IN / AT + WHICH, THERE) www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
II. RELATIVE PRONOUNS AND ADVERBS 2. RELATIVE ADVERBS WHEN E.g.1: Do you still remember the day? We first met on that day. → Do you still remember the day when we first met? on which E.g.2: My uncle was born in 1945, when the World War II ended. in which E.g.3: I will visit my grandparents on Sunday, when I have a day off. on which ….N (time) + WHEN + S + V … (= ON / IN / AT + WHICH, THEN) www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
II. RELATIVE PRONOUNS AND ADVERBS 2. RELATIVE ADVERBS WHY E.g.: I don’t know the reason. You didn’t go to school for that reason. → I don’t know the reason why you didn’t go to school. ….N (reason) + WHY + S + V … (= FOR WHICH/ for the reason/ for that reason) www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
II. RELATIVE PRONOUNS AND ADVERBS 2. RELATIVE ADVERBS WHERE • ….N (place) + WHERE + S + V ... • (= ON / IN / AT + WHICH, THERE) WHEN • ….N (time) + WHEN + S + V … • (= ON / IN / AT + WHICH, THEN) WHY • ….N (reason) + WHY + S + V … • (= FOR WHICH/for the reason/ for that reason) www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
REDUCTION OF RELATIVE CLAUSES www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
LOGO III. REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES The students taking this course speak English very well. www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
LOGO III. REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES The boy awarded the prize is one of the best students in his school. www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
LOGO III. REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES The first man to travel to the outer space was Neil Armstrong. www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
III. REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES ❑ The students taking this course speak English very well. ❖ => Present participle (V-ing) ❑ The boy awarded the prize is one of the best students in his school. ❖ => Past participle (Vpp) ❑ The first man to travel to the outer space was Neil Armstrong. ❖ => To-infinitive (To-V) www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
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III. REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES ❖1. Participles: ❖MĐQH có ĐTQH làm chủ từ who, which, that => cụm phân từ: ohiện tại phân từ (V-ing) oquá khứ phân từ (Vpp) www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
LOGO III. REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES * V-ing: khi động từ trong MĐQH mang nghĩa chủ động. The students who take this course speak English very well. → The students taking this course speak English very well. www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
LOGO III. REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES Nếu MĐQH có “be + N” thì lược bỏ cả ĐTQH và “be”. Ha Noi, which is the capital of Viet Nam, is located in the North. → Ha Noi, the capital of Viet Nam, is located in the North. www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
LOGO III. REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES * Vpp: khi động từ trong MĐQH mang nghĩa bị động. The boy who was awarded the prize is one of the best students in his school. → The boy awarded the prize is one of the best students in his school. www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
III. REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES ❖2. To-infinitive: ➢MĐQH đi sau các cụm danh từ có the first, the second, the last, the only ❑The first man who traveled to outer space was Neil Armstrong. ❖→ The first man to travel to the outer space was Neil Armstrong. ❑Mary is the only one who can solve that math problem. ❖→ Mary is the only one to solve that math problem. www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
III. REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES ➢MĐQH đi sau cấp so sánh hơn nhất. ❖Daewoo is the best hotel which we should stay in. ❖→ Daewoo is the best hotel for us to stay in. www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
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