World Lit Part 2

["Tukaram\u2019s Selected Poems Filled are my eyes with happy tears, With rapture every limb; Yea, with thy love my frame appears Filled to the very brim. Thus all my body\u2019s strength I\u2019ll spend In hymns of joyful praise; Thy name I\u2019ll sing nor ever end Through all the nights and days. Yea, Tuka says, for ever so I\u2019ll do, for this is best, Since at the feet of saints, I know, Is found eternal rest. Love\u2019s Captive Bound with cords of love I go, By Harl captive led, Mind and speech and body, lo, To him surrendered. He shall rule my life for he Is all compassionate. His is sole authority, And we his will await. The Bhakta\u2019s Duty The duty of the man of faith Is trust and loyalty, A purpose hid within his heart That cannot moved be. A steadfast faith and passionless In Vitthal that abides, A faith that not an instant strays To any god besides. Who that is such a one as that Was ever cast away? Never has such a tale been told, Never, I, Tuka, say. Love Finds Out God Thy nature is beyond the grasp Of human speech or thought. So love I\u2019ve made the measure-rod, By which I can be taught. Thus with the measure-rod of love I mete the Infinite. In sooth, to measure him there is None other means so fit. Not Yoga\u2019s power, nor sacrifice, Nor fierce austerity, 497","World Literature I: Beginnings to 1650 Nor yet the strength of thought profound Hath ever found out thee. And so, says Tuka, graciously, Oh Kesav, take, we pray Love\u2019s service that with simple hearts Before thy feet we lay. God Is Ours God is ours, yea, ours is he, Soul of all the souls that be. God is nigh without a doubt, Nigh to all, within, without. God is gracious, gracious still; Every longing he\u2019ll fulfil. God protects, protects his own; Strife and death he casteth down. Kind is God, ah, kind indeed; Tuka he will guard and lead. One Thing I Do I serve thee, not because Honour I crave; Nay, KeSav, for I am Thy slave. Therefore to serve thy feet,\u2014 For this I cry; For naught, for naught but this Crave I. To my Lord\u2019s service, see, One heart I\u2019ve brought, Ever,\u2014without, within,\u2014 One thought. Thus mine appointed task Do I somehow; Whether \u2018tis wrong or right Judge thou. He Knows Our Needs Unwearied he bears up the universe; How light a burden I! Does not his care the frog within the stone With food supply? The bird, the creeping thing, lays up no store; This great One knows their need. And if I, Tuka, cast on him my load, 498","Tukaram\u2019s Selected Poems Will not his mercy heed? In Him Abide The mother knows her child, his secret heart, His joy or woe. Who holds the blind man\u2019s hand alone can tell Where he desires to go. The timid suppliant at his champion\u2019s back Can safely hide. Who only clings, see, the strong swimmer bears To the stream\u2019s further side. Vitthal, says Tuka, knows our every need; Only in him abide. The Boldness Of Faith Launch upon the sea of life; Fear not aught that thou mayst meet. Stout the ship of Pandurang; Not a wave shall wet thy feet. Many saints await thee there, Standing on the further shore: Haste, says Tuka, haste away, Follow those who\u2019ve gone before. Beata Culpa How couldst thou e\u2019er have cleansed me, But for my sinful plight? So first come I, and then thy grace, O mercy infinite. The magic stone was nothing worth, Till iron brought it fame. Did no one by the Wish Tree wish, Whence would it get its name? The Snare Of Pride None skilled as I in craft of subtle speech; But, ah, the root of things I cannot reach. Therefore, O Lord of Pandharl, my heart Is sore distressed. Who knows my inward part? I proud became from honour that men paid To me, and thus my upward growth was stayed. Alas! The way of truth I cannot see, Held fast by Self in dark captivity. I Am Poor And Needy No deeds I\u2019ve done nor thoughts I\u2019ve thought; Save as thy servant, I am nought. Guard me, O God, and O, control The tumult of my restless soul. 499","World Literature I: Beginnings to 1650 Ah, do not, do not cast on me The guilt of mine iniquity. My countless sins, I, Tuka, say, Upon thy loving heart I lay. A Blind Leader Of The Blind I have grown very wise In mine own foolish eyes, But faith has fled. My life is vain indeed; But worse that rage and greed Dwell in faith\u2019s stead. The world\u2019s possessed by sin And envy reigns within The human breast; And I shall teach mankind, Though I\u2019m myself as blind As all the rest. The Pride of Knowledge Though I\u2019m a man of lowly birth The saints have magnified my worth. And so within my heart to hide Has come the great destroyer, pride. In my fond heart the fancy dwells That I am wise and no one else. O, save me, save me, Tuka prays; Spent like the wind are all my days. The Unveiling Of Love Enlighten thou mine eyes Making me lowly wise; Thy love to me unveil. Then in the world I\u2019ll be As, from all soilure free, The lotus pure and pale. Whether men praise or jeer, Hearing I shall not hear; Like the rapt yogi I. To me the world shall seem Like visions of a dream That, with our waking, fly. Till we that state attain All, all our toil is vain, I, Tuka, testify. 500","Tukaram\u2019s Selected Poems The Haven Ah, wherefore so unkind? Let my sad breast At the hid centre find It\u2019s place of rest. No wind of good or ill Shall enter there, But peace, supremely still, Supremely fair. To me the flux of things Brings sore distress; The world\u2019s mutation brings But heaviness. Therefore I, Tuka, cry, Clinging thy feet, \u201cBreak, break my \u2018me\u2019 and \u2018my,\u2019 My vain conceit.\u201d Weariness Shall we, sham saints, the world beguile Glutting our belly\u2019s greed the while? O tell thy thought, if this it be, For I am weary utterly. Shall we the poet\u2019s mood rehearse And string together endless verse? Shall Tuka ope his shop again And, O Narayan, ruin men? God\u2019s Counterfeit Is there a man who says of all, Whether upon them sorrow fall, Or whether joy\u2014 \u201cThese, these are mine\u201d? That is the saint: mark well the sign. God dwells in him. The good man\u2019s breast Is of all men\u2019s the tenderest. Is any helpless or undone? Be he a slave, be he a son:\u2014 On all alike he mercy shows, On all an equal love bestows. How oft must I this tale repeat! That man is God\u2019s own counterfeit. Self-Surrender My self I\u2019ve rendered up to thee; I\u2019ve cast it from me utterly. Now here before thee, Lord, I stand, Attentive to thy least command. 501","World Literature I: Beginnings to 1650 The self within me now is dead, And thou enthroned in its stead. Yea, this I, Tuka, testify, No longer now is \u201cme\u201d or \u201cmy.\u201d Dying To Live Before my eyes my dead self lies; O, bliss beyond compare! Joy fills the worlds, and I rejoice, The soul of all things there. My selfish bonds are loosed, and now I reach forth far and free. Gone is the soil of birth and death, The petty sense of \u201cme.\u201d Narayan\u2019s grace gave me this place, Where I in faith abide. Now, Tuka says, my task I\u2019ve done And spread the message wide. The Root Of Longing Who is he would act the true gosavl\u2019s part? Let him dig the root of longing from his heart. If he dare not, in his pleasures let him stay Folly were it should he choose another way. For when longing he hath slain victoriously, Only then shall he from all come forth set free. Yea, says Tuka, does thy heart for union thirst? Crush\u2014be sure!\u2014the seed of longing in thee first. The Secret Of Peace Calm is life\u2019s crown; all other joy beside Is only pain. Hold thou it fast, thou shalt, whate\u2019er betide, The further shore attain. When passions rage and we are wrung with woe And sore distress, Comes calm, and then\u2014yea, Tuka knows it\u2014lo! The fever vanishes. The Fellowship Of Saints What enters fire, its former nature lost, Fire to itself transforms. Touched by the magic stone, lo, iron now Gold that the world adorns. Into the Ganga flow the little streams, With the great Ganga blent. Nay, e\u2019en its neighbour trees the sandal tree Infects with its sweet scent. So to the feet of saints is Tuka bound, Linked in a blest content. 502","Tukaram\u2019s Selected Poems The Simple Path Diverse men\u2019s thoughts as are their vanities, Distract not thou thy mind to follow these. Cling to the faith that thou hast learned, the love That, coming, filled thee with its fragrances. For Hari\u2019s worship is a mother,\u2014rest It is and peace, shade for the weariest. Why, then, who ties a stone about his neck And drowns himself, is but a fool confessed. The Way Of Love The learned in Brahma I shall make to long With new desire; those once so safe and strong, Set free, I bring back glad to bondage. So, They are made one with Brahma by a song. God is their debtor now, O glad release. I\u2019ll bid the weary pilgrim take his ease. The proud ascetic may forsake his pride. Away with offerings and charities! By love and true devotion life\u2019s high goal I\u2019ll help men to attain\u2014yea, Brahma\u2019s soul. \u201cO, happy we, who Tuka\u2019s face have seen\u201d\u2014 So men will say and Tuka they\u2019ll extol. The Thief I came to him in woful plight; He, gracious, girded me with might. His house I entered unaware And stole the treasure hidden there. So I have wrought a deep design That all his riches shall be mine. I kissed his feet and then by stealth I, Tuka, robbed him of his wealth. The Traveller Let thy thought at all times be,\u2014 Over life\u2019s tempestuous sea We must fare. Soon the body perisheth; Life is swallowed up of Death. O beware! Seek the fellowship of saints; Seek, until thy spirit faints, Heaven\u2019s ways! Let not dust make blind thine eyes, Dust of worldly enterprise, Tuka says. By Faith Alone In God, in God\u2014forget him not!\u2014 Do thou thy refuge find. Let every other plan or plot Go with the wind! 503","World Literature I: Beginnings to 1650 Why toil for nought? Wake, wake from sleep! By learning\u2019s load weighed down, Thou in the world\u2019s abysses deep Art like to drown. O, flee from thence. Only by faith Canst thou to God attain. And all thy knowledge, Tuka saith, Will prove in vain. A Steadfast Mind Honour, dishonour that men may pay, Bundle them up and throw them away. Where there is ever a steadfast mind, There thou the vision of God shalt find. Whereso the fountains of peace abide, Stayed is the passage of time and tide. Calm thou the impulse that stirs thy breast; Surely, says Tuka, a small request. The Name Of The Living One Hear, O God, my supplication,\u2014 Do not grant me Liberation. \u2018Tis what men so much desire; Yet how much this joy is higher! Home of every Vaisnavite, See, with glow of love alight! By their door with folded hands Full Attainment waiting stands. Heavenly joy is not for me, For it passeth speedily; But that name how strangely dear That in songs of praise we hear! Yea, thou, dark as clouds that lower, Knowest not thine own name\u2019s power. Ah, says Tuka, it is this Makes our lives so full of bliss. The Dedicated Life Ah, wherefore fast or wherefore go To solitude apart? Whether thou joy or sorrow know Have God within thy heart. If in his mother\u2019s arms he be 504","Tukaram\u2019s Selected Poems The child knows nought amiss. Cast out, yea, cast out utterly All other thought than this. Love not the world nor yet forsake Its gifts in fear and hate. Thy life to God an offering make And to him dedicate. Nay, Tjukasays, ask not again, Waking old doubts anew. Whatever else is taught by men, None other word is true. The Inward Purpose To keep the Holy Order pure,\u2014 This ever is my purpose sure. The Vedic statutes I proclaim; To imitate the saints my aim. For, with no firm resolve within, To quit the world is deadly sin. Vile he who does so, Tuka says,\u2014 Evil the worship that he pays. The Bhakta\u2019s Task When from Vaikuntha forth we came This of our coming was the aim\u2014 That what the sages taught we by our lives proclaim. Since filled the world with sedge and weed, To sweep the paths our lowly meed, Trod by the saints, and on their sacred scraps 3 to feed. Gone the old wisdom, and instead Mere words that wide have ruin spread. Lustful men\u2019s minds, the way to God quite vanished. Beat we the drum of Love, whose din Brings terror to this age of sin. Hail, Tuka bids, with joy the victory we win. Maya If the river be a mirage that I see Then what need for me Of a ford? If the children buy and sell in make-believe, Who should joy or grieve, Gain or lose? Are not maidens still in kinship just the same, Though they wedded in a game, 505","World Literature I: Beginnings to 1650 Girl with girl? Joy or sorrow that we meet with in our dreams To us waking seems Nothing real. So, says Tuka, births and dying,\u2014nought is true. Bondage, freedom too, Weary me. The World Passeth Away Who dares call aught his own As swiftly speed the days? Time keeps the fatal score, And not a moment strays. Hair, ears, and eyes grow old, As, dullard, grow they must; The best is nigh thee, yet Thou fill\u2019st thy mouth with dust. Dying and yet thou buildst As for eternity! Nay, haste to Pandurang! \u2018Tis Tuka says it: flee! The Way Of Death Ah, friend, beware; see how they bear The dead men to the ghaut. To God on high with agony Call and cease not. Though \u2018mong the dead not numbered, Within thy scrip is death. Fill up, fill up with good thy cup, While thou hast breath. List what I say;\u2014the narrow way Is dense with dying men; \u2018Mong them at last thy lot is cast. No succour then. The Night Cometh Lo, Death draws nigh; and what know I Of rite, or vow, or prayer? To God alone who guards his own I flee and hide me there. The tally\u2019s score grows more and more, Then night and all is done. Hear Tuka say, dear every day From that grim robber won. 506","Tukaram\u2019s Selected Poems \u2018Tis All For Naught With whatso skill he may his verse refine, \u2018Tis all for naught without the breath divine. Let him put on the holy beggar\u2019s dress; \u2018Tis all for naught without unworldliness. He paints the sun or moon upon a wall; \u2018Tis all for naught without the light of all. O, he may play, of course, a soldier\u2019s part; \u2018Tis all for naught without a warrior heart. So, Tuka says, they\u2019ve danced and songs they\u2019ve sung, \u2018Tis naught without the love of Pandurang. The Divine Inspiration \u2018Tis not I who speak so featly; All my words my Lover\u2019s are. Hark, Salunki singing sweetly, Taught, as I, by One afar. How could I, abject, achieve it? \u2018Tis the all-upholding One. Deep his skill, who can conceive it? He can make the lame to run. Drowning Men For men\u2019s saving I make known These devices\u2014this alone My desire. Can my heart unmoved be When before my eyes I see Drowning men? I shall see them with my eyes When their plight they realise At the last. Without And Within Soon as the season of Simhasth comes in, The barber and the priest\u2014what wealth they win! Thousands of sins may lurk within his heart, If only he will shave his head and chin! What is shaved off is gone, but what else, pray? What sign that sin is gone? His evil way Is still unchanged. Yea, without faith and love All is but vanity, I, Tuka, say. And Have Not Charity Your heart from rage and lust has nowise turned For all the rice and sesamum you\u2019ve burned. You\u2019ve toiled for naught with learned words whose fruit Is vain display\u2014and Pandurang you\u2019ve spurned. By pilgrimage and grim austerity 507","World Literature I: Beginnings to 1650 Only your pride has grown; your \u201cI\u201d and \u201cme\u201d Swell with your alms; the secret, Tuka says, You\u2019ve missed: your acts are sinful utterly. The Mendicant Lust binds the preacher, fear The doubting hearts of those his words who hear. He knows not what he sings: His mouth he opes for what each comer brings. A greedy cat, he steals From door to door, begging from men his meals. What Tuka says is true; The sack is empty and the measure too. The Proud Advaitist To such pay thou no heed: the words he saith Are only chaff, empty of loving faith. He praises high Advait which only brings To speaker and to hearer pain and scaithe. He fills his belly saying, \u201cI am Brahm.\u201d Waste not thy words upon him; shamed and dumb Is he, blasphemer, when he meets the saints. Who scorns God\u2019s love Tuka calls vilest scum. The Hypocrite: I His speech\u2014the hypocrite\u2019s\u2014is well and fair, But all his thought is how he can ensnare. He outwardly appears a godly man; In truth he is a very ruffian. His forehead-mark, his beads, a saint denote, But in the darkness he would cut your throat. Ay, Tuka. says, a very scoundrel he; The pains of Yama wait him certainly. The Hypocrite: II Possessed with devils they grow long their hair. No saints are they, nor trace of God they bear. They tell of omens to a gaping crowd. Rogues are they, Tuka says; Govind\u2019s not there. 508","Bibliography Alighieri, Dante. The Inferno. Trans. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. South Georgia State College. n.d. 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Japanese Literature: Including Selections from Genji Monogatari and Classical Poetry and Drama of Japan. Ed. Epiphanius Wilson. London: Colonial, 1900. n.d. Web. 29 Jul. 2015. \u201cSouth Asian Arts.\u201d Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica Inc., 2015. Web. 21 Feb. 2015.\t The Thousand and One Nights. Vol. 1. Ed. Edward Stanley Poole. Trans. Edward William Lane. London: Chatto and Windus, 1912. 3 Nov. 2010. Web. 29 Jul. 2015. \u201cThe Thousand and On Nights.\u201d Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica Inc., 2015. Web. 30 Jan. 2015. Tuka\u0304ra\u0304m. \u201cTuka\u0304ra\u0304m.\u201d Psalms of Mara\u0304tha\u0304 Saint: One Hundred and Eight Hymns Translated from the Marathi. Trans. Macnicol, Nicol. Calcutta: Assiation Press, 1920. HathiTrust. n.d. Web. 29 Jul. 2015. 511","Appendix URL Links for Original Texts: Note: Items marked with * indicate that due to sources terms, we cannot post the direct link. Autobiography of Usama ibn Munqidh http:\/\/legacy.fordham.edu\/halsall\/source\/usamah2.html Ballads of the Cid http:\/\/babel.hathitrust.org\/cgi\/pt?id=njp.32101068154143;view=1up;seq=20#view=1up;seq=20 The Canterbury Tales http:\/\/machias.edu\/faculty\/necastro\/chaucer\/translation\/ct\/01gppt.txt http:\/\/machias.edu\/faculty\/necastro\/chaucer\/translation\/ct\/13frantpt.txt http:\/\/machias.edu\/faculty\/necastro\/chaucer\/translation\/ct\/07wbtpt.txt http:\/\/machias.edu\/faculty\/necastro\/chaucer\/translation\/ct\/03miltpt.txt *The Decameron http:\/\/catalog.hathitrust.org\/Record\/008672778 Google search: The Decameron \u201cDivani Shamsi Tabriz.\u201d The Persian Mystics https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/persianmystics00davigoog The Divine Comedy http:\/\/faculty.sgc.edu\/rkelley\/the%20inferno.pdf *\u201cGenji Monogatari.\u201d Japanese Literature Google search: Genji Monogatari \u201cI to Myself am Unknown.\u201d Flowers from Persian Poets https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/flowersfrompers00sagoog The Lais of Marie de France http:\/\/faculty.sgc.edu\/rkelley\/french%20mediaeval%20romances.pdf Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart http:\/\/www.heroofcamelot.com\/docs\/Lancelot-Knight-of-the-Cart.pdf \u201cMasnavi.\u201d The Persian Mystics https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/persianmystics00davigoog *The N\u014d Plays of Japan Google search: The N\u014d Plays of Japan Old-world Love Stories from the lays of Marie de France, & other mediaeval romances & legends. http:\/\/babel.hathitrust.org\/cgi\/pt?id=njp.32101072852633;view=1up;seq=9 512","Appendix The Parliament of Fowls http:\/\/machias.edu\/faculty\/necastro\/chaucer\/translation\/pf\/pfpt.txt The Pillow Book http:\/\/faculty.sgc.edu\/rkelley\/the%20pillow.pdf *The Poet Li Po Google search: The Poet Li Po The Qur\u2019an https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/Quran_20140710 The Romance of the Three Kingdoms https:\/\/ebooks.adelaide.edu.au\/l\/literature\/chinese\/romance-of-the-three-kingdoms\/ The Rose Garden of Sa\u2019di http:\/\/babel.hathitrust.org\/cgi\/pt?id=mdp.39015024274873;view=1up;seq=7 \u201cThe Sermon on the Mount\u201d from the Gospel of Matthew http:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Bible_(King_James)\/Matthew *\u201cShah Nameh.\u201d Persian Literature Google search: Persian Literature The Song of Roland http:\/\/faculty.sgc.edu\/rkelley\/The%20Song%20of%20Roland.PDF The Tale of Genji http:\/\/faculty.sgc.edu\/rkelley\/the%20tale%20of%20genji.pdf *The Thousand and One Nights Google search: The Thousand and One Nights The Travels of Marco Polo http:\/\/catalog.hathitrust.org\/Record\/006800127 Tuka\u0304ra\u0304m Selected Poems. Psalms of Mara\u0304tha\u0304 Saint http:\/\/babel.hathitrust.org\/cgi\/pt?id=uc2.ark:\/13960\/t8jd4rp72;view=1up;seq=18 URL Links for Images: Image 5.1 The Works of Geoffrey Chaucer Frontispiece https:\/\/ia601804.us.archive.org\/BookReader\/BookReaderImages.php?zip=\/13\/items\/worksofgeof- freyc00chau_0\/39999063785610_jp2.zip&file=39999063785610_jp2\/39999063785610_0011.jp2&s- cale=4.672897196261682&rotate=0 Image 5.2 Parliament of Fowls https:\/\/archive.org\/stream\/worksofgeoffreyc00chau_0\/39999063785610#page\/n323\/mode\/2up Image 5.3 Canterbury Tales Title Page https:\/\/ia601804.us.archive.org\/BookReader\/BookReaderImages.php?zip=\/13\/items\/worksofgeoffreyc- 00chau_0\/39999063785610_jp2.zip&file=39999063785610_jp2\/39999063785610_0012.jp2&scale=6&rotate=0 Image 5.4 Hengwrt Manuscript https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/General_Prologue#\/media\/File:HengwrtChaucerOpening.jpg 513","World Literature I: Beginnings to 1650 Image 5.5 The Franklin\u2019s Tale https:\/\/archive.org\/stream\/worksofgeoffreyc00chau_0\/39999063785610#page\/n171\/mode\/2up Image 5.6 The Wife of Bath Prologue https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Wife_of_Bath%27s_Tale#\/media\/File:Wife-of-Bath-ms.jpg Image 5.7 Giocanni Boccaccio and Florentines Who Have Fled From the Plague https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Giovanni_Boccaccio#\/media\/File:Giovanni_Boccaccio_and_Florentines_who_ have_fled_from_the_plague.jpg Image 5.8 Boccacio by Morghen https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Giovanni_Boccaccio#\/media\/File:Boccaccio_by_Morghen.jpg Image 5.9 A Tale from the Decameron https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Decameron#\/media\/File:Waterhouse_decameron.jpg Image 5.10 Decameron https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Decameron#\/media\/File:Decameron1.jpg Image 5.11 Portrait of Dante Alighieri http:\/\/uploads6.wikiart.org\/images\/gustave-dore\/portrait-of-dante-alighieri-1860.jpg Image 5.12 Inferno: Canto One http:\/\/dante-staging.cdrs.columbia.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/1401630012.jpg Image 5.13 Inferno: Canto Two http:\/\/dante-staging.cdrs.columbia.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/1401630013.jpg Image 5.14 Inferno: Canto Twenty-Six http:\/\/dante-staging.cdrs.columbia.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/1401630033.jpg Image 5.15 Purgatorio: Canto One http:\/\/dante-staging.cdrs.columbia.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/1401630041.jpg Image 5.16 Purgatorio: Canto Twenty-Two http:\/\/dante-staging.cdrs.columbia.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/1401630052.jpg Image 5.17 Purgatorio: Canto Thirty-One http:\/\/dante-staging.cdrs.columbia.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/1401630058.jpg Image 5.18 Paradiso: Canto Four http:\/\/dante-staging.cdrs.columbia.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/1401630065.jpg Image 5.19 Paradiso: Canto Twenty http:\/\/dante-staging.cdrs.columbia.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/1401630074.jpg Image 5.20 Paradiso: Canto Thirty-Three http:\/\/dante-staging.cdrs.columbia.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/1401630088.jpg Image 5.21 Marie de France https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marie_de_France#\/media\/File:Marie_de_France_1.tif Image 5.22 The Lai of Sir Launfal http:\/\/babel.hathitrust.org\/cgi\/imgsrv\/image?id=njp.32101072852633;seq=84;width=680 Image 5.23 German Woodcut https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shapeshifting#\/media\/File:GermanWoodcut1722.jpg 514","Appendix Image 5.24 The Lai of the Honeysuckle http:\/\/babel.hathitrust.org\/cgi\/imgsrv\/image?id=njp.32101072852633;seq=133;width=680 Image 5.25 Idylls of the King https:\/\/no.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lancelot#\/media\/File:Idylls_of_the_King_20.jpg Image 5.26 Chr\u00e9tien de Troyes https:\/\/pl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chr%C3%A9tien_de_Troyes#\/media\/File:Chr%C3%A9tien_de_Troyes.jpg Image 5.27 Knights\u2019 Tournament https:\/\/pl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chr%C3%A9tien_de_Troyes#\/media\/File:Lancelot-Graal.jpg Image 5.28 Statue of the Cid https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/El_Cid#\/media\/File:Burgos-Estatua_del_Cid.jpg Image 5.29 The Cid\u2019s Signature https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/El_Cid#\/media\/File:Firma_del_Cid.jpg Image 5.30 Jura de Santa Gadea https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/El_Cid#\/media\/File:Jura_de_Santa_Gadea.jpg Image 5.31 The Travels of Marco Polo http:\/\/babel.hathitrust.org\/cgi\/pt?id=wu.89097014351;view=1up;seq=11#view=1up;seq=11 Image 6.1 Saadi in a Rose Garden https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gulistan_%28book%29#\/media\/File:Sadi_in_a_Rose_garden.jpg Image 6.2 The Qu\u2019ran https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:CBL_Quran.jpg Image 6.3 Molavi http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rumi#\/media\/File:Molana.jpg Image 6.4 Jalal al-Din Rumi Mathnavi-i Ma\u2019navi https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Masnavi#\/media\/File:JALAL_AL%E2%80%93DIN_MUHAMMAD_RUMI_ MATHNAVI-I_MA%E2%80%99NAVI1.jpg Image 6.5 Masnavi https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Masnavi#\/media\/File:Turkey.Konya049.jpg Image 6.6 Statue of Ferdowsi http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Statue_of_Ferdowsi_in_Rome.JPG Image 6.7 Ferdowsi and the Three Ghaznavid Court Poets https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ferdowsi#\/media\/File:Courtpoets1532max.jpg Image 6.8 Sheherazade and Sultan Schariar http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Ferdinand_Keller_-_Scheherazade_und_Sultan_Schariar_(1880).jpg Image 6.9 The Story of Seyf ol-Mol\u00fbk and Bad\u00ee`ol-Jam\u00e2l https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/e-codices\/11229348853\/in\/photolist-9D1tvT-9D4pjf-8cawd3-8QN6m3- 9Mg6Vj-9MfX5u-9Mg4Wd-9Mg7Nm-9MdfP6-9MfZgh-9MfYhu-jDJvzB-jDKuat-jDMBtd-jDLiqk-jDLcya-9Md- dWp-9MdexT-9MdfoV-7Td8NU-dpMGcA-92TWW9-i7imbZ-72J6rM-brHsqW-7oq6Q7-nKpPRA-ggGrt9- ggGAWQ-egRGxJ-ouMEn1-7YtKkt-5erbtB-9y18dL-83Aak7-8xvxK2-rVVPSi-dxd21d-dxcUEY-dxcNj1-kA9RF- q-ggGw5V-ggGfAC-ggGTcT-ggGvhU-ggGux7-ggGrXM-ggGcqQ-ggGqzB-ggGPdR\/ 515","World Literature I: Beginnings to 1650 Image 7.1 Kublai Khan https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yuan_dynasty#\/media\/File:Qubilai_Setsen_Khaan.JPG Image 7.2 Eighty Seven Celestials https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tang_dynasty#\/media\/File:EightySevenCelestials3.jpg Image 7.3 Li Bai in Stroll https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Li_Bai#\/media\/File:LiBai.jpg Image 7.4 Going Up to Sun Terrace https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Li_Bai#\/media\/File:Libai_shangyangtai.jpg Image 7.5 Peach Garden Ceremony https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Romance_of_the_Three_Kingdoms#\/media\/File:Peach_garden_ceremony.jpg Image 7.6 Three Brothers https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Romance_of_the_Three_Kingdoms#\/media\/File:Three_Brothers.jpg Image 8.1 By\u014dd\u014d-in\u2019s Phoenix Hall https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heian_period#\/media\/File:Byodo-in_Uji02pbs3400.jpg Image 8.2 Taira no Atsumori https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taira_no_Atsumori#\/media\/File:Taira_no_Atsumori.jpg Image 8.3 Noh Stage https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Noh#\/media\/File:Noh-stage.png Image 8.4 Murasaki Shikibu https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Muraszaki_Sikibu#\/media\/File:MurasakiShikibu.jpg Image 8.5 Tale of Genji Toyokuni Utagawa Print https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Tale_of_Genji_Toyokuni_Utagawa_print.jpg Image 9.1 Tukaram Leaves for Vaikuntha, Supreme Abode of God Vishnu https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tukaram#\/media\/File:Tukaram_print.jpg 516"]