creative College MagazineA4

SAL Institute of Diploma Studies (Approved By AICTE New Delhi & Affiliated with Gujarat Technological University)

From the Desk of Director Dear Readers, Greetings to all !!! Nurturing imagination and inspiring modernization are two of the leading ingredi- ents of an outstanding education, and a college magazine is the superb combination of both. It is particularly important as it encourages the students to share the knowledge they have acquired. SOPAN means small steps every day. It aims to inspire and nurture upcoming engi- neers to bring a revolution in this ever evolving world of technology every day. To conclude I would like to congratulate the faculty and the students of the editorial team on bringing out the SOPAN .May all our scholars escalate high in uncharted skies and bring glory to the world and their profession with the feather of learning! Dr.Rupesh Vasani Director, SAL Education.

JUNE 2024 ISSUE From the Desk of Principal Dear Readers, Greetings to all !!! I am honored to announce the release of the first issue of the e magazine, SOPAN. The magazine manifests writer’s calligraphy and also confesses them to experience their understanding . I endorse the attempts of students and staff CE/IT Department who have taken the drive to encourage writing and publishing skills. This helps the stu- dents and staff to participate and express their opinions in an expressive manner. I am Glad to say that we have achieved our aim of turning this into reality. I would like to praise all the students, faculty members and everyone involved in bringing out this edition. Wish you all a happy reading! Dr. Monika Swami I/C Principal , SAL Institute of Diploma Studies.

From the Desk of Editor Dear Readers, Greetings to all !!! It gives me an immense pleasure to announce the first issue of “SOPAN” Maga- zine. “SOPAN” is a platform to support our young writers and encourage them to ex- periment, explore their potential and voice their feelings about changing global sce- nario, opportunities and challenges in the competitive world. This issue is a treasure of poems, stories, beautiful pictures, and topics related to various branches of knowledge. The items not only mirror the creative talents of the contributors but also their ana- lytical thinking. The committee deems it an honour to congratulate all of them I would like to thank all my editorial team members, contributors and concerned fac- ulty members for shaping this issue of “ SOPAN”. I express my considerable apprecia- tion to all the authors of the articles in this magazine. These contributions have re- quired a generous amount of time and effort. It is this willingness to share knowledge, concerns and special insights with fellow beings that has made this magazine possible. My deepest gratitude to our respected Mrs. Neelima ma’am, General Manager and the Director sir , Prof. Rupesh Vasani for their unwavering support, which motivates us to strive for excellence. Further, I extend my deep gratitude to all the members who are directly or indirectly involved in this small voyage. Hoping an active participation from all students and faculty members in our future endeavours!! Dr. Monika Swami I/C Principal , SAL Institute of Diploma Studies.

Monal Damani Dr. Monika Swami Drashti Bhavshar Associate Editor Editorial-in-Chief Associate Editor Juhi Srivastava Bhaumik Gelani Assistant Editor Jhanvi Dave Contriver Assistant Editor

Handwriting on the wall-1,2,3,14 Poesy- 7,10,21,24,28 Folktale & Treatise- 8,9,13,16,20,23 Tech Note- 4,12,17,18,22,25,27,29,31 Color my Life-5,6,19 Fitness & Trend-11,26 Putting foot in mouth-30 Just get straight to the point-32,33 College Diary-34 to 38 Constellation-39



Reason to count on us… The SAL Institute of Diploma Studies is established in year 2019, with a vision to impart technical skills among youth. The infrastructure has been developed with well-established labora- tories to provide hands on training to the students at the Institute. We ensure to provide students with a supportive and welcoming environment where they are encouraged to develop themselves personally and professionally. Every child is unique and special to us. We take the responsibility to nurture and develop the active learners within them so that they get prepared for the bright career. Every student in our institute is continually encouraged to participate in the various academic, technical, cultural, sports or social events. We also aim at inculcating the culture of research, innovation and start- ups within the students and faculty members. Various workshops, expert lectures and trainings are organized to make the students aware and enhance their skills about latest advancements in their respective domains.

JUNE 2024 ISSUE Celebrate Small Wins in Life ... Small wins? It makes success rewarding. Every one of us wants something to be achieved in our life. In order to achieve something, we have to really work hard but never give up. Hence, hit the target. This will enhance the reach to the peak. Practically, we have to set long term goals and break it down into small steps. But have we ever started working towards our goal really? Are there any secrets to achieve this? Do successful people have some top secrets ?Do they really work very hard? Well, one cannot achieve the target overnight. That is why it is good to appreciate even small wins. Self en- couragement will always take us on the right path. You will feel better. We sometimes feel that to reach the goal , it will still take some time even when your goal is around you. Figure out that if you are a working person or a student. Every- day you work really hard but you get nothing in return. Would you feel demotivated? Of course, yes. I also feel demoti- vated sometimes. So is there any solution to this? Yes, Celebrate small wins. Small wins make us feel proud and happy. It will also enhance us to move towards the next chapter of life.It will also influence us to do something more. Big wins may have big losses. But small wins are generated with day to day activities. Create your future now and take actions accordingly. Speak daily,” Today is going to be a wonderful day for me\". You will be halfway there. “The more you praise and celebrate your life, the more there is in life to celebrate.” Do what makes you happy and feel good. Think, you are a Pizza Lover. Imagine, your mom cooks pizza and paratha for dinner. And assume that you don’t like paratha. Let's assume she offers you pizza and paratha for dinner. What will you enjoy eating more ? Of course, pizza. So this is something you enjoy eating. Therefore a small celebration that gives you happiness can be considered as a part in your life that gives you happiness. In addition to this, if you take action and you get results, then you will be confident to achieve more. The best way to be happy is to make yourself feel good and achieve something. Put your efforts as much as you can and boost your confidence. If you feel appreciated for your work, you will always do more work. • Here is a list ,why small wins are worthy. 1. You grab a direction: Yes small wins are definitely important. If you start celebrating small victories, you will be closer to your destiny. Even if you make mistakes then learn from them. 2. Feel encouraged: Ups and downs are part of our life. Problems are part of everyone's life. But one has to be a strong person. Feel encouraged and keep doing your tasks. One day you will really flip the pages in the journey of your life by the efforts you put for your goals. Be special for yourself. You are the creator of your own paths. 3. Be talented: Feel good for what you do. Whatever steps you take, feel passionate for doing that task. Try to do your best with good outcome. Be happy even your tough times and take your work as a challenge. You are the only one who knows how much struggle and efforts you have made for a particular goal. 4. Live the life you love: When you hit your targets, reward yourself .Reward can be to have a cup of coffee, to go out shopping, to have a dessert, etc. Life is an improvement of taking small steps leading towards path of perfection. 5. Set daily goals: You can schedule your day effectively and work in a better way, if you want to achieve your small victories. Drashti Bhavsar Lecturer, SIDS. 1 3

Lessons from ANTS (Small Wonders) Lesson 1: Ants are organized!!! • There are three types of ants in a colony: • Queen, Workers, Male • Everyone has their own specific job. • Everyone does their job so that a task gets done quickly (gathering food) Lesson 2: Ants share!! • When one ant finds food, they let the rest of the colony know so that everyone can share it! Ants are never selfish. Lesson 3: Ants are disciplined… • They march in line one after another. They move about in order and they nev- er cut the line! Aren’t ants amazing?? Lesson 4: Ants stay busy… • Ants always have work to do for the colony. They work all day long! • Ants are never lazy or refuse to do work. Lesson 5: Ants never give up!! • Even when something is hard or gets in the way of them doing their best work, they keep trying until they overcome the obstacle!! Lesson 6: Ants are FAST! • Ants might be small, but sure they are fast! • They always do their best work, but they try to get things done as quickly as they can. • In a day they work together to get more. Lesson 7: Ants plan ahead… • Honey ants work all summer to store enough food for the colony to survive during winter. Good planning! Lesson 8: Ants are efficient • Did you know ants can carry 10 times their body weight!?!? • Just because something is hard, doesn’t mean an ant will give up… and nei- ther should you!! 2

Lesson 9: Ants use TEAMWORK!! • Everything an ant does is to benefit the colony. Everyone works together! • They know their job and they get it done! • One might be digging tunnels, another might be gathering food.. But every job is important and everyone will notice if one ant is not doing their job. Lesson 10: Ants stick together… • They take care of each other… • They help each other… • They look out for one another… • Are ants bucket fillers? Monal Damani Lecturer, SIDS. HAPPY... Some people want to be rich beautiful and famous But I just want to be Happy forever Happy is a Joyful world and Happiness is different for everyone I will share with you Eight (8)ways to attain personal happiness 1. Take care of you 2. Work on your dreams 3. Use happiness confirmation 4. Be thankful 5. Make no comparisons 6. Celebrate small victories 7. Believe that you deserve 8. Stay away from negativity I hope your life is good and happy. Always be Happy Abhay Sheladiya 2nd Sem IT, SIDS. 3

The ‘Next Big Things’ Here are just a few of my guesses as to what technology- some new, other improved versions of what’s already main- stream today- will become an integral part of society in the future. The Newest Technology Trends: 1. Internet Of Things (IoT). 2. 5G Network. 3. Driverless Cars. • Internet Of Things (IoT): Many “things” are now being built with WiFi connectivity. Hence, The Internet Of Things is the future, and has already enabled devices, home appliances, cars and much more to be connected to and exchange data over the Internet. The IoT can enable better safety, efficiency and decision making for businesses as data is collected and analyzed. It ena- bles predictive maintenance, speeds up medical care, improves customer service, and offers benefits which we have not even imagined yet. • 5G Network: The next technology trend that follows the IoT is 5G.Where 3G and 4G technologies have enabled us to browse the in- ternet, use data driven services, increased bandwidths for streaming on spotify or Youtube and much more, 5G services are expected to revolutionize our lives. Just about every telecom company like Verizon, Apple, Samsung, Nokia, are now working on creating 5G applications. • Driverless Cars: In 2012, California was the first state to formally legalize driverless cars. The UK is set to follow this year. Some 1.2 million people worldwide die in car accidents every year. Tests so far have shown that driverless cars are very safe and should greatly reduce motor accidents. In fact, if all the cars on a motorway were driverless and networked, then theoretically no accident should occur. Although technologies are emerging and evolving all around us, these technology trends offer promising career potential now and for the foreseeable future. Krina Patel 5th Sem CE, SIDS. 4

Pranjal Kemkar 5th Sem CE, SIDS. Khushi Patel 2nd Sem IT, SIDS. 5

Vanshika Parikh 2nd Sem IT, SIDS. Khushi Patel 2nd Sem IT, SIDS. 6

beam with pride, I'm brought back to my senses, as the tricolor is flared, as I hear the melodies of patriotism, my mind starts to ponder and I witness the richness that each color signifies, I can't shun the thoughts of despair. the courage, the peace, the prosperity, A girl abused and murdered, and the chakra of dharma and honesty, are all these colors of our nation slowly fading away? another life taken, considered a burden, But a ray of hope shines bright, some burned alive, there's love, there's laughter and there's light, some die everyday, are we truly the incarnations of goddess shakti whom they pray? young girls and boys march in unison, People addicted and hooked on screens, I revisit the diversity that is this nation, possessed by possession indeed, constantly feeling the urge to be seen, sharing similarities, held back by inhibitions and trapped in insecurities, celebrating differences, are the people of this country truly free? now my heart is screaming with delight, Woman's place is in the kitchen, this is the nation that sings songs of courage and bravery! real men don't cry, this is my motherland! black and white they discriminate, but can't see their own hearts full of hate, this is my INDIA!!! hindu or muslim, all gods cry the same, faces beaming with pride, because they see, it's humanity in pain, this is the nation where women are worshipped! are the sacrifices of our great heroes all in vain? this is the land that fought to be free! Bhaumik Gelani Lecturer, SIDS. A Poem by Soldier If I die in war zone, box me up and send me home. Put my medals on my chest, tell my mom I did my best. Tell my dad not to bow, he want get tension from me now. Tell my bro to study perfectly, key of my bike will be his permanently. Tell my nation not to cry “Because I am a soldier I born to die”. Prabhav Sankkhera 2nd Sem IT, SIDS. 7

Everyone has a Story in Life... A 24-year-old boy seeing out from the train’s window shouted, “Dad, look the trees are going behind!” Dad smiled and a young couple sitting nearby, looked at the 24- year old’s childish behavior with pity, suddenly he again exclaimed, “Dad, look the clouds are running with us!” The couple couldn’t resist and said to the old ma, “Why don’t you take your son to a good doctor?” The old man smiled and said, “I did and we are just coming from the hospital, my son was blind from birth, he just got his eyes today. Moral of the Story: Sometimes we make a judgment too quickly not realizing that people act in certain situations because they are going through something. Every single person in the world has his or her own battles to face. Don’t judge too harshly. Instead, be kind and try to understand where a person is coming from. Sunil Dhobi Lab Technician, SIDS. 8

While at the park one day, a woman sat down next to a man on a bench near a playground. “That’s my son over there,” she said, pointing to a little boy in a red sweater who was gliding down the slide. “He’s a fine looking boy”, the man said. “That’s my daughter on the bike in the white dress.” Then, looking at his watch, he called to his daughter. “What do you say we go, Melissa?” Melissa pleaded, “Just five more minutes, Dad. Please? Just five more minutes.” The man nodded and Melissa continued to ride her bike to her heart’s content. Minutes passed and the father stood and called again to his daughter. “Time to go now” Again Melissa pleaded, “Five more minutes, Dad. Just five more minutes.” The man smiled and said, “OK.” “My, you certainly are a patient father,” the woman responded. The man smiled and then said, “Her older brother Tommy was killed by a drunk driver last year while he was riding his bike near. I never spent much time with Tommy and now I’d give anything for just five more minutes with him. I’ve vowed not to make the same mistake with Melissa. She thinks she has five more minutes to ride her bike. The truth is, I get five more minutes to watch her play.” Moral of the Story: Life as a student can be downright hectic but as long as your priorities are straight, you’ll be able to make the most out of your hard work. In the story, the man learned the hard way to prioritize his family on top of all others. No matter how busy things get, don’t forget to spend time with people that matters to you! Shital Patel Librarian, SIDS. 9

Technophile I wake up each morning, I drive half a block, when my android makes noise. to the grocery store. Technology is friendly, Technically speaking, and opens the door. he’s just one of my toys. I finally use Call me lazy, my dry mouth to speak. but I try to save time. Microwaving my breakfast, I’m definitely rusty, and sound like a freak. is not a real crime. Why can’t they get a robot, Before I dance, to slice the meat. with my electric toothbrush. My disappointment, Straight for the inbox, I dive in a rush. I eagerly tweet. At the checkout, With the click of a mouse, I have a clear choice. I outsource my work. Use a human Through Amazon reviews, or a machine with a voice. I search for my perk. I won’t wait for weeks, I return to my office, demand it today. my game has arrived. Another PS3 game, My ancestors were truly, I can’t wait to play. technology deprived I attempt to snap out, from my wired realm. Juhi Srivastava Lecturer, SIDS. It seems like technology, is right at the helm. 10

Our aim in life should be: 9876543210 9 - Glasses of water. 8-Hours of sleep. 7 - Wonders of the world. 6- Digit income. 5- Days of work/week. 4-Wheeler. 3 Bedroom house. 2- Cute children. 1 - Sweet heart. 0 -Tension. Our life will never come back again... so Live today Bhaumik Gelani Lecturer, SIDS. Tips regarding health • What is health? The state of being free from illness or injury. • Tips Regarding Health : • How to Maintain a Healthy Eating Lifestyle ? Drink Water and Stay Hydrated, and Limit Sugary Bev- • • Make half your plate fruits and vegetables. erages. • Make half the grains you eat whole grains. • Switch to fat-free or low-fat (1%) milk. • Take Multivitamin Supplements. • Choose a variety of lean protein foods. • Limit Unhealthy Foods and Eat Healthy Meals. • Compare sodium in foods. • Exercise Regularly and Be Physically Active. • Drink water instead of sugary drinks. • Reduce Sitting and Screen Time. • Cut back on solid fats. • Get Enough Good Sleep. • Go Easy on Alcohol and Stay Sober. Which type of exercise is good for your daily rou- • Consume less salt and sugar. tine ? • What herbs should be taken daily? • Walking. Any exercise program should include cardiovascular exercise, • Cinnamon Lowers Blood Sugar Levels and Has a Powerful Anti-Diabetic Effect • which strengthens the heart and burns calories • Lunges. Challenging your balance is an essen- • Turmeric Contains Curcumin, a Substance With Powerful Anti-Inflammatory Effects tial part of a well-rounded exercise routine. • Surya namaskar • Basil Helps Fight Infections and Boosts Im- • Squats. munity • Push-ups. ... • Abdominal Crunches. • Ginger Can Treat Nausea and Has Anti- Inflammatory Properties Devanshi Shukla 5th Sem CE, SIDS. • Garlic Can Combat Sickness and Improve Heart Health 11

Recursion Have you ever seen a set of Russian dolls? At first, you see just one figurine, usually painted wood that looks something like this: You can remove the top half of the first doll, and what do you see inside? Another, slightly smaller, Russian doll! You can remove that doll and separate its top and bottom halves. And you see yet another, even smaller, doll And you can keep going. Eventually you find the teeniest Russian doll. It is just one piece, and so it does not open: We started with one big Russian doll, and we saw smaller and smaller Russian dolls, until we saw one that was so small that it could not contain another. What do Russian dolls have to do with algorithms? Just as one Russian doll has within it a smaller Russian doll, which has an even smaller Russian doll within it, all the way down to a tiny Russian doll that is too small to contain another, we'll see how to design an algorithm to solve a problem by solving a smaller instance of the same problem, unless the problem is so small that we can just solve it directly. We call this technique recursion. Jhanvi Dave Lecturer, SIDS. 12

Be an architect of your future “It is not in the stars to hold our destiny but in us”. –It is well known saying by William Shakespeare. In this, Shakespeare guides this quote to those who grant soul to appear. Life of a person can be defined by boosting the behavior and thinking. The stars perform very little aspects. Our future is administered not by stars but by our own self. It is the most important to have faith on our own self than a star. I feel that by doing smart work, on can become disciplined and determined. The aspiration of life is to grow and emerge for becoming an enhanced human being. To make your destiny, an individual should have the balanced intelligence. Use your wings and start flying. Majority of the people do not know that they are the ones who is going to shine their destiny and thus they become disap- pointed. If you are among these persons, change yourself and stick towards reaching your own destiny. There should be no doubts to achieve it. Your way of thinking is actually what matters. If you apply your efforts towards developing yourself with dedication, you’ll set yourself up for achievement and victory in life. What you focus on starts growing. But for that, missions and visions play fundamental role. The doors to achieve opportunities are always open for you, is what I feel. It is said that slow and steady wins the race. Just you have to be patient and fulfill your dreams. Turn your dreams into reality and shine like a diamond. Some Principles to brighten up your own destiny There are some principles that are important to expand for reaching towards destiny. These are the foundation qualities that include: prosperity, sympathy, imagination, excitement, and the ambition to learn throughout their passage. 1. Be Yourself • Being true to yourself will make you more passionate in your life. Knowing yourself will find to know your strengths and passion and also it will find what works for you. How one can be true towards themselves can be defined by only oneself. 2. Believe in yourself. • Reputation of an individual is the most important thing. People surrounding you can become energized by yourself- respect, honesty, punctuality fascinating them towards momentum in their business and personal relationship with you progressive. 3. Protest yourself. • To give challenge to oneself, will expand oneself to accompany their ambitions. Sticking towards your goals and fo- cusing towards its fulfillment will enhance you to reach at your destiny. Challenges will help to become more confident. Make challenges, learn from challenges and be stronger. Take every prob- lem as a challenge. 4. Show your love first. • Life is good. This reminds me to stay my life happy. Life is actually not so easy but tries to make challenges towards your work in life. Thus I try to concentrate on my work more and be calm. Mistakes happen in life as everyone is not perfect. But , I am happy as I am today now. Never compare yourself with others .I feel that we must make every mo- ment a memorable one and enjoy our life. Get your hands dirty with what you love to do. Stay motivated towards yourself. 13

5. Be Gracious. • Satisfy people with value. While interacting with other person, communicate in such a manner that he/she feels moti- vated. Give respect and get respect. Once you give respect to yourself, it becomes easier to show respect for others. But if you don’t respect for others, it becomes difficult. Take responsibilities for your own actions and value good manners. But, the level of showing respect will differ from one person to another. 6. Be a good soul. • Showing love towards you is the most important factor to become a good soul. What you discover is an important factor. You have to decide your own ethics is what I feel. 7. Choose Happiness. • Many people think that happiness lies on getting marks/grades, job, relationship, success, money, name/fame, car, house, behavior of others etc. I feel that I am the guru of my life. No burden-no rule. Be spiritual. When I don’t get a job/marks/money, I think that being upset, in tension, worry, fear, sadness are natural. Try to challenge the problems and fears. They will be always there in life. How you deal with them is a challenge. Have good thoughts. 8. Live your dreams. • Everyone wants a successful life. What I feel is to live your dreams with specific purpose rather than fears. Be a champion. Be a winner. Have an ability to hold stress. Think that I am the best. Your talent and potential will help you to reach your destiny. 9. Have a thankful heart. • \"It is in your moments of decision that your destiny is shaped.\" • Positive emotions play a vital role for a well being. But plenty of thoughts are based on negative emotions .Besides this, focus on comfort, dignity,, appreciation , peace of mind, laughter, amusement, desires. 10. Remain respectful. • I feel that I want to love people with all my heart in a conclusive manner. So what do you think? Do you think the same or not? Keep moving in life, be powerful. Be polite. Listen to people. Help others. Be a creator of your own paths. Be your own author. • Your imagination could probably have a bounce on your destiny. But, this is only possible if you act with full interest and passion. Drashti Bhavsar Lecturer, SIDS. 14

ART… ART , what comes to your mind when you hear this word ? As an artist here are my thoughts when , I hear this word…….. Art is a creative activity that expresses imaginative or technical skill. Art is a diverse range of human activities in creating visual, performing artifacts, and expressing the artist's creative mind. The product of art is called a work of art, for others to experience. Art has been part of our lives. People have been creating and enjoying art. It expresses emotions or expression of life. It is one such creation that enables interpretation of any kind. Art comes in many different forms which include audios, visuals and more. It is a skill that applies to music, painting, poetry, dance and more. Moreover, nature is no less than art. Artists use their artwork for passing along their feelings. Art has ability to bright up our minds , it gives peace to soul and it has no boundaries set for itself , other than that, visu- al arts help artists communicate with the viewer. It also allows the viewer to interpret the art in their own way. Thus, it invokes a variety of emotions among us. Thus, you see how essential art is for humankind. Art can’t be transform. It can just be performed. An artistic mind sees art in every form , The mess is a soothing tool of art , And the mind is it’s creative performance , Art always evolves with time. Nivea Patel 5th Sem IT, SIDS. 15

Li-Fi : Wireless Data from Every Light Bulb • Li-Fi is the Answer to Our Digital Future Li-Fi is a wireless optical networking technology. Specifically, it is a form of visible light communications (VLC) sys- tem that makes use of light-emitting diodes (LED) for data transmission. Unlike other VLC systems, Li-Fi has distinct features.. Similar to WiFi, Li-Fi is the only form of VLC that allows the bidirectional transmission of light. However, instead of the radio spectrum, it makes use of the visible light spectrum through LED light bulbs outfitted with a special chip. Li-Fi history. The term Li-Fi i.e. Light Fidelity was coined by one of the pioneers in the technology, Professor Harald Haas during a TEDx TALK in the year 2011. It was named after its predecessor, and the currently prevailing technology, WiFi (Wireless Fidelity) Li-Fi is one of the newest communication technologies that aim to improve upon current technology by making use of visible light communication as opposed to the radio waves used by WiFi. It serves a dual purpose as it aims to provide overhead illumination to households as well as facilitate the transfer of data. Li-Fi presents a new paradigm for optical wireless technology as it aims to provide connectivity within a localized envi- ronment while forgoing the use of fiber optic cables as a transfer medium for light. Instead, it makes use of overhead LED lighting commonly found in households as a medium of transport. Currently, the technology is able to achieve a maxi- mum data transfer rate of 224 gigabits per second – the equivalent of downloading 18 HD movies every second. How Does Li-Fi Work? Li-Fi makes use of visible light through overhead lighting for the transmission of data. This is possible through the use of a Visible Light Communications (VLC) system for data transmission. A VLC system has two qualifying components: 1. At least one device containing a photodiode in order to receive light signals; and 2. A light source equipped with a signal processing unit for the transmission of signals. Figure: Block Diagram of Li-Fi 16

The VLC light source can be in the form of a fluorescent bulb or a light emitting diode (LED). LED light bulbs are the most optimum VLC light source, however, since a robust Li-Fi system requires extremely high rates of light output. Flu- orescent bulbs emit light in a much wider band of wavelengths, which makes it a relatively less efficient light source than LED. LED, on the other hand, is a light source that emits light in a very narrow band of wavelengths, making it a more efficient light source. LED is also a semiconductor, which implies that it can amplify light intensity and switch rapidly. This is an important quality to look for in a VLC light source because Li-Fi relies on the constant stream of photons emitted as visible light for the transfer of data. When the current applied to the light source is varied slowly, the light source dims up and down, which makes it unsuitable as a source of light, not for the Li-Fi system, but as a device for household illumination. To strike a balance between VLC light source and household illumination, this current as well as the optical output is modu- lated at extremely high speeds, making it detectable by the photodiode device and converted back into electrical current, but unperceivable by the human eye. Once these signals are received and demodulated, they can now be converted into a continuous stream of binary data that contain videos, images, audio, text, or applications that are readily-consumable on any internet-enabled device. Because Li-Fi technology is still in its relative infancy, there is still much room for growing innovation. One proposed innovation to the existing technology includes creating a bidirectional communication system similar to conventional broadband and Wi-Fi. This can be done by interchanging visible light and infrared light from a photo-detector, allowing connected mobile devices to send back data to the light source for an uplink. Another proposed innovation is the re- engineering of the multi-colored RGB LEDs to send and receive data on a wider range of signals than the single-colored phosphor-coated white LEDs. Bhaumik Gelani Lecturer, SIDS. How self-driving cars work AI technologies power self-driving car systems. Developers of self-driving cars use vast amounts of data from image recognition systems, along with machine learning and neural networks, to build systems that can drive autonomously. The neural networks identify patterns in the data, which is fed to the machine learning algorithms. That data includes images from cameras on self-driving cars from which the neural network learns to identify traffic lights, trees, curbs, pedestrians, street signs, and other parts of any given driving environment. For example, Google's self-driving car project, called Waymo, uses a mix of sensors, Lidar (light detection and ranging - - a technology similar to radar) and cameras and combines all of the data those systems generate to identify everything around the vehicle and predict what those objects might do next. This happens in fractions of a second. Maturity is im- portant for these systems. The more the system drives, the more data it can incorporate into its deep learning algorithms, enabling it to make more nuanced driving choices. Tesla founder, Elon Musk uses camera vision instead of Lidar. This resulted in low prices and better imaging for gather- ing data and processing it as road information. Ansh Patel 5th Sem CE, SIDS. 17

Make Green Your Favorite Color RIDE ON THE GREEN SIDE The interpretation of green management is the measure within a management of modernization in order to accomplish suitability, waste reduction, importance and a competitive asset by the aids of extended information and advancement. Organizations shall be doing such developments, by appliance environment ambition and approaches which match the target and procedure of the organization. This will therefore guide the organization to stay to its range of its view. “Going green and keeping the land clean, keep the environment serene.” Nowadays, it is found that companies announce their commodities by promoting their friendly behavior. Going green is a way of making development in the lifestyle of some organizations as well as the society also. This signifies will bring in some transformations which are favorable in relation to surrounding. “Living in a more green way and reducing our carbon footprint today, will create a better path for the future.” Approving green management system means that it will be endless. Other forms of energy are all restricted, but green system will never be diminished. Additionally, by using green, it helps to keep the environment protected as compared to the energy construction which is quite valuable. It has been therefore proved that in the United States, green technologies have been able to provide an up gradation to the economy`s trade. Moreover, going green will the company in terms of its accumulation. Paying bills online means less money when companies go paperless, it is also a form of savings in terms of postages and paper costs. Hence both the individual and the businesses benefit from the green initiative. Similarly, if you use compact fluorescent light (CFLs) bulbs, you are like to save money on each bulb you purchase. “Sunshine is delicious, rain is refreshing, wind braces us up, snow is exhilarating; there is really no such thing as bad weather, only different kinds of good weather.” The objective of green management is to establish in dealing with exercises to be performed for the benefit of envi- ronment, to protect environment in business objectives, eye sights and ambitions as well as functionalities to empower development repeatedly, and to prefer technologies in accordance with stabilities regulation. While profit of the partners, economic development and income are becoming prominent among the aims of traditional management understanding, welfare of the partners, sustainability and life quality are also becoming prominent among the aims of green management focusing on environment. “Earth is our mother’s womb.” Drashti Bhavsar Lecturer, SIDS. 18

Vaghasiya Srushti 5th Sem CE, SIDS. 19

Competition – An Inevitable Factor in Entrepreneurs’ Life Entrepreneurs, have you ever been in a situation where competition does not prevail? You might be wondering about the answer “NO”. There’s no place in the world where competition does not exist. Competition is ubiquitous. From your birth to death you may face this unavoidable factor existing in its potential state just to make you better. In this technological advanced culture and market full of innovators and idea seekers it is a foolish thing to think of meet- ing your desired results without facing competition. Without having a competitive edge, you cannot survive long in the race. It is a stage that gives you the confidence to face the adversities and at the same time covers you with the fear of fail- ure but doesn’t let this fear to clutch your fortitude. Having fear is good, but having negativity is a cowardly thing. Let this fear be the driving tool that makes you strive for more and more perfectness with new ideas. There is much to learn from your competitors. If you’re having difficulty in any particular area, find competitors who are doing it well and learn from them. You don’t want to copy them, but there is nothing wrong with adopting certain practices into your own plan where it makes sense. On the flip side, you can also identify where competitors are falling short and be the one to satisfy that need. Mistakes are one of the best ways to learn, but who says you have to be the one to make the mistake, but learn from the mistakes you have made, and get the success. Jhanvi Dave Lecturer, SIDS. 20

मनाएगा कौन... GHAR मंै रूठा , Kabhi kisi waqt main, kahin kisi roj, तुम भी रूठ गए फिर मनाएगा कौन ? jamaya tha humne yahaan apna deraa, आज दरार है , aaj dekhta hoon toh lagta hai, कल खाई होगी फिर भरे गा कौन ? ye ghar ghar nahi, hai sunehri yaadon ka baseraa, मैं चुप , तुम भी चुप इस चुप्पी को फिर तोडे़ ेगा कौन ? ghar ki inn deewaron mein, chhupi kaee saan hai baatein, बात छोटी को लगा लोगे फदल से , तो ररश्ता फिर फनभाएगा कौन ? inke mehfooz aasare mein, beeti kaee saari meethi raatein, दुखी मैं भी और तुम भी फबछड़कर , uss parde ke peeche dekho didi, सोचो हाथ फिर बढाएगा कौन ? shaayad aaj bhi vahi chhupa milunga, zindagi bhaag-daud se thak kar, न मैं राजी , न तुम राजी , yahi sukoon ki chaadar bichhaunga, फिर माफ़ करने का बड़प्पन फदखाएगा कौन ? na jaane kitni yahaan manayi holi, tune yahaan kitni banayi rangoli, डू ब जाएगा यादोों में फदल कभी , manaai jab bhi yahaan diwali. तो फिर धैयय बंोधायेगा कौन ? khushiyon se bhar gayi hamaari jholi, iss ghar ke har ek kone main, एक अहम् मेरे , एक तेरे भीतर भी , yaadon ka khazaana rehta hai, इस अहम् को फिर हराएगा कौन ? sach hi kaha hai kisine, फ ंोदगी फकसको फमली है सदा के फलए ? har ghar kuch kehta hai. फिर इन लम्ोों में अके ला रह जाएगा कौन ? Juhi Srivastava मूंोद ली दोनोों में से गर फकसी फदन एक ने आँखंे.... Lecturer, SIDS. तो कल इस बात पर फिर पछतायेगा कौन ? Bhaumik Gelani Lecturer, SIDS. 21

Digital Twin A Digital twin is a virtual/digital replica of an object, being, or system that can be continuously updated with data from its physical counterpart. This pairing of the virtual and physical worlds allows analysis of data and monitoring of systems to head off problems before they even occur, prevent downtime, develop new opportunities and even plan for the future by using simulations. Supported by an estimated 25 billion connected global sensors by 2021, digital twins will soon exist for millions of things. A jet engine, a human heart, even an entire city can all have a digital twin that mirrors the same physical and biological properties as the real thing. Many major companies already use digital twins to spot problems and increase efficiency. For instance, NASA uses digital copies to monitor the status of its spacecraft. Energy companies General Electric (GE) and Chevron use them to track the operations of wind turbines. Singapore is developing a digital copy of the entire city to monitor and improve utilities. Digital twin technology helps city planners understand and im- prove the efficiency of energy consumption as well as many applications that can improve life for its citizens. At the Spring Festival Gala aired on China Central Television, the four human hosts were joined by an AI copy of themselves— their very own digital twin. They are more than computer-generated avatars because they used machine learning, natural language processing, and computer vision to build virtual copies of the hosts. Digital twins can revolutionize healthcare operations as well as patient care. A digital twin of a patient or organs allows surgeons and health professionals to prac- tice procedures in a simulated environment rather than on a real patient. Digital twin technology has even been deployed to refine Formula 1 car racing. In a sport where every second counts, a simulation can help the driver and the car team knows what adjustments can improve performance. From wind farms to modernizing farming and testing smart phones to improving services, there is really no limit to how digital twin technology can positively impact our world. Komal Thummar HOD, IT, SIDS. • Two Stories: 1. Colonel Sanders founded KFC at age 65.. 2. Jack Ma, who couldn't get a job at KFC, he founded Alibaba and retired at age 55. • Lessons: 1. Age is just a number. 2. Only those who keep trying will succeed. • For The Last But No Last Important: Lamborghini was founded as a result of the revenge of a tractor owner who was insulted by Enzo Ferrari, the founder of Ferrari. • Lessons: Never underestimate anyone, ever! Just keep working hard. Invest your time wisely. Don't be afraid to fail. Let's go Love. Priyanshi Vyas 5th Sem CE, SIDS. 22

Rocks, Pebbles, and Sand… Once a professor entered the classroom with a glass jar, rocks, pebbles, and sand. The students were amused to see what he was up to. First, he started filling the rock parts into the jar until he couldn’t add any more, He asked the students, the jar was full? And everybody nodded yes. He then started putting the pebbles inside the jar which went inside through the small gaps and he shakes the jar to allow the pebbles to get into those vacant spaces in between the rocks. He asked the same question to the students and they again said that the jar was full. Finally, he poured the sand inside the jar which went through the gaps and got filled in the jar. The professor explained that this is how you should set priorities in life. Rock is like your family, while pebbles are like your career while sand is like the least priorities in life and unnecessary quarrels and egos. If you put sand on the jar first, it will get easily filled up leaving no space for rocks and pebbles. Moral: You should identify your priorities in life and develop a good strategy to work towards fulfilling it rather than wasting your time and effort on unnecessary aspects of life. Vaibhavi Joshi Lecturer, SIDS. Value yourself... A speaker started off his seminar by showing a 500 to the public. He asked the people “who wants this?” There was no surprise to see that all of them lifted their hands. He offered to give the money to one of them but insisted that he will do something to it. • He crumpled the paper money and showed it again to the crowd and repeated the question. Still, everyone raised the hands. He then put the money into the ground and stepped on it and then raised it again and offered it to the public. • The people gathered there still showed interest to take that money despite seeing how dirty the note was. He told the public” No matter what I did to this money, you all still wanted this. • You all went in favor of my offer just because the value of the money never decreased despite what all I did to it. Similarly, value yourself despite the painful conditions or failures” Moral: Believe in yourself and work hard to achieve success. Value yourself irrespective of the failures or obstacles and don’t degrade yourself just because of the temporary setbacks. Jhanvi Dave Lecturer, SIDS. 23

To be an Indian Isn't it amazing, to hear “INDIA IS A DEVELOPING The worst problem India faces today is hunger and pov- COUNTRY”and “IT'S THE TIME OF THE YOUTH erty. There are thousands of children, infants, mothers, OF INDIA”? We are told that the youth of India have a old people, etc., who go to bed hungry. The youth can lot of power in their hands. Tell me, do you know any collect money or maybe even food and see to it that it youth leader, who was backed by the youth, has sur- reaches the hands of the right NGOs and hence reach the vived and hasn't been swallowed by the political drama hungry. of India? Education is necessary if a country has to be considered India is our country, but not our property. We have the a developed one. Free education should be imparted to responsibility to bring India to the potential. the poor children and the youth can conduct classes for The youth must be taught how to support the truth and the children and not expect anything in return. realize what is right and not what the people believe is Youth can start saying no to luxury and use public right. transport and hence make our country less polluted. Firstly, the youth have to choose the right leaders to rule It is the dream of every Indian to see India's name first the country. Secondly, the youth should leave all their on the list of the developed countries. This dream can be laziness behind and start working and visualizing a de- made into a reality by you and me, the youth of India, veloped India and make it a reality. because of the power we hold in our hands. The youth can make an effort by saying no to all the We may not be able to change the world, but we may be foreign products and hence Indian products will be in able to change the people who live in it. Be the change. demand and our country can move forward. Be the difference that makes a difference. Jai Hind! Tejal Joshi Lecturer, SIDS. 24

Words to the wise “Successful Software Developer” 1. Do not sell yourself with one specialization: • The days are gone where developers sought to impress employers with a single skill, such as being a C++ or Java spe- cialist. The technological landscape of the contemporary world requires you to be flexible. This means a developer has to be knowledgeable in various languages. 2. Successful developers focus on learning the underlying language as opposed to the framework • Frameworks are temporal regardless of how popular they become, such as Ruby on Rails. Maybe White Rails will be preferred by many software developers. It could be simpler than Volt or Sinatra, as developers try to work on large scale web apps, and it can save time as well as deliver adequate functionality. 3. Understand technology trends • As a developer, analyze critically where technology is going. There are programs and specific languages which are highly sought-after in the current world. Swift is one of them, but as new apps keep coming, we might see Swift being relegated to other areas such as mobile game development. All other systems will shift to HTML5 and an array of cross -platform languages. 4. Make use of tools used by great developers • Online programs such as Learn Verified will help you learn various software development tools. The site uses basic processes and tools used by software developers, such as Test-driven development, Git and GitHub, Group projects, and working on your terminal. You can adapt to become a great developer if you add these to your training manuals. 5. Belong to a community • If you are just beginning to hone your skills as a software developer, it is important to find a community to learn with. If you surround yourself with like-minded people your support system is wide, and you can turn to them whenever you are stuck. It is possible to lose motivation as you develop code, especially if it is not working. An online communi- ty can be a great inspiration. Kalpesh Patel HOD, CE, SIDS. 25

Wardrobe essentials.... Okay so most of us wants to be in fashion trend and let’s say we love to wear trendy clothes... but for some people they thinks that if want to be Trendy our closet must be full of clothes or branded clothes makes us look fashionable... dude that’s completely wrong. why to buy tones and tones of clothes?? Invest in some classic piece which will never going to out of trend, invest in those piece which you can style in different ways...I’ll tell you some classic piece that you can invest in • Must have tops • plain black and white tee/T-shirt • Turtle neck top • Checked button up shirt • Striped tee/T-shirt • Full sleeved tee • Denim jacket • A Black cardigan (for winter) • Must have bottoms • skinny jeans • white jeans • black jeans • mom fit jeans • pencil skirt • white and black shorts • Must have Dresses • black tee dress • Shirt dress • Skirt dress • Maxi dress • Party dress • Tunic dress • Must have footwear's • boots • white sneakers • flats best places to buy this things: H&M and forever21 has best collection for Basic clothes, street style store is best website for footwear you can find very affordable yet comfy footwear there Simoni Patel Mahek Dhakan 2nd Sem IT, SIDS. 5th Sem CE, SIDS. 26

Basic Computer Terminologies • Vacuum Tube: An electronic device that controls the flow of electrons in a vacuum. It used as a switch, amplifier, or display screen in many older model radios, televisions, computers, etc. • Transistor: an electronic component that can be used as an amplifier or as a switch. It is used to control the flow of electricity in radios, televisions, computers, etc. • Integrated circuit (IC): a small electronic circuit printed on a chip (usually made of silicon) that contains many circuit elements (e.g. transistors, diodes, resistors, etc.). • Microprocessor: an electronic component held on an integrated circuit that contains a computer’s central processing unit (CPU) and other associated circuits. • CPU (Central Processing Unit): It is often referred to as the brain or engine of a computer where most of the pro- cessing and operations take place (CPU is part of a microprocessor). • Magnetic Drum: a cylinder coated with magnetic material, on which data and programs can be stored. • Magnetic Core: uses arrays of small rings of magnetized material called cores to store information. • Machine language: a low-level programming language comprised of a collection of binary digits (ones and zeros) that computer can read and understand. • Assembly language is like the machine language that a computer can understand, except that assembly language uses abbreviated words (e.g. ADD, SUB, DIV…) in place of numbers (0s and 1s). • Memory: a physical device that is used to store data, information and program in a computer. • Artificial intelligence (AI): an area of computer science that deals with the simulation and creation of intelligent ma- chines in computers (they think, learn, work, and react like humans). Jay Patel 5th Sem CE, SIDS. 27

ARISE Another day breaks at dawn; And when you embark on this journey, The silence of the dark fades into chaos, Don't be greedy for help. Most are on the bed, snoring. This is your chosen path so don't think twice Some are on their field, sweating. Be brave like Ragnar who voyaged west for dreams; The mystic wind that whispers mortality, Enough of all the limits set in our mind, Trespasses you in your dreams. Let's arise from the dead to life. We live life at the mercy of society, Arise from the dust like a tornado; Slave to all the responsibilities, Arise from the pain concealed inside; Who cares if you faint? Arise from the clutches of stereotypes; Their words are bitter than torment. Arise from the wounds you hide; Work hard, grey haired people will tell you; Arise from the idea in your mind; Think smart and breach all the boundaries, Arise, for this might be your last ride. And when you embark on this journey, only few will tell you. They'll fill you with their opinions, Don't be greedy for help. Accost your budding ideas and dreams. This is your chosen path so don't think twice But, embrace your thoughts as they speak to you, Be brave like Ragnar who voyaged west for dreams; Don't let the process shroud your kind. Keep your will power higher than their sight Enough of all the limits set in our mind, You're just another soldier not yet ready to fight Let's arise from the dead to life. Arise from the dust like a tornado; Arise from the pain concealed inside; Juhi Srivastava Arise from the clutches of stereotypes; Lecturer, SIDS. Arise from the wounds you hide; Arise from the idea in your mind; Arise, for this might be your last ride. • Four Stories to Start: 1. Nokia rejected Android. 2. Yahoo rejected Google. 3. Kodak turned down digital cameras. 4. Blockbuster reject Netflix. • Lessons: 1. Take risks. 2. Accept the change. 3. If you refuse to change over time, it will become obsolete. Harita Dave 5th Sem CE, SIDS. 28

Machine Learning Learning is defined as “the process of a change and enhancement in the behaviors through exploring new information in time” by Simon. When the “learning” in this definition is performed by the machines, it is called machine learning. The term enhancement is creating the best solution based on the existing experiences and samples during machine learning process. Machine Learning Methods: Machine Learning can be examined in four parts as follows • Supervised learning • Unsupervised learning • Semi-supervised learning • Reinforced learning • Supervised Learning: • It is a method in which the present input data is used to reach the result set. There are two types of supervised learning: classification and regression supervised learning. • Classification: Distributing the data into the categories defined on the data set according to their specific features. • Regression: Predicting or concluding the other features of the data based on its some available features. • Unsupervised Learning: • The difference between the supervised and unsupervised learning is that in unsupervised learning the output data is not given. The learning process occurs by using the relations and connections between the data. Also, unsupervised learning doesn’t have a training data. • There are also two types of unsupervised learning: clustering and association. • Clustering: Finding the groupings of data which are similar to each other when inherent groupings in the data is not known. • Association: Determining the relations and connections among the data in the same data set. • Semi-supervised Learning: • supervised and unsupervised learning is inadequate when the labeled data are less than unlabelled data. In such cases, the unlabelled data, which are very inadequate, is used to deduce information about them. And, this method is called semi-supervised learning. The difference between the semi-supervised learning and the supervised learning is the labeled data set. In supervised learning, the labeled data are more than the data to be predicted. In contrast, in semi-supervised learning, the labeled data are less than the data to be predicted. • Reinforcement Learning: • This is a kind of learning in which the agents learn via reward system. Although there is a start and finish points, the aim of the agent is to use the shortest and the correct ways to reach the goal. When the agent goes through the correct ways, s/he is given positive rewards. But the going through wrong ways means negative rewards. Learning occurs on the way to the goal. Bhavesh Berani Lecturer, IT, SIDS 29

Tongue Twisters ... 3. All of them 2. A candle 1. An egg 8. The library 7. A rubber band 6. A clock 1. Double bubble gum bubbles double. 13. A map 12. A mirror 11. Light 2. Teacher teaches , cheater cheats . 17. Nareal 16. Dice 15. 1961 3. I saw kitten eating chicken in the kitchen . 4. Bad money , mad bunny . 5. Flies fly but a fly flies . 6. Green grapes grow green . 7. I scream, you scream, we all scream for ice cream 8. Fuzzy Wuzzy was a bear. Fuzzy Wuzzy had no hair. Fuzzy Wuzzy wasn’t fuzzy, was he? 9. She sells seashells by the seashore 10. Betty Botter bought some butter 11. But she said the butter’s bitter If I put it in my batter, it will make my batter bitter But a bit of better butter will make my batter better So ‘twas better Betty Botter bought a bit of better butter Vanshika Parikh, 2nd Sem IT, SIDS. Brainteasers… 1. What has to be broken before you can use it? 2. I’m tall when I’m young, and I’m short when I’m old. What am I? 3. Which month of the year has 28 days? 4. The more you take, the more you leave behind. What am I? 5. What belongs to you, but other people use it more than you? 6. What has hands, but can’t clap? 7. What kind of band never plays music? 8. What building has the most stories? 9. What has 13 hearts, but no other organs? 10. What 4-letter word can be written forward, backward or upside down, and can still be read from left to right? 11. What can fill a room but takes up no space? 12. If you drop me I’m sure to crack, but give me a smile and I’ll always smile back. What am I? 13. I have lakes with no water, mountains with no stone and cities with no buildings. What am I? 14. When you touch 2021 calendar why do you get shock? 15. Which is the last latest year that is same upside down? 16. What has 6 faces, but does not wear makeup. It also has 21 eyes but cannot see? 17. Name the fruit which is not a fruit and it says itself in its name that it is not a real fruit? Vanshika Parikh 2nd Sem IT, SIDS. 30 14. because it’s current year . 10. NOON 9. A deck of cards 5. Your name. 4. Footsteps.

FSO (Free Space Optical Communication): A Line of Sight light Communication It is otherwise known as optical communication technology, for computer network in telecommunications the light propa- gating is utilized to wirelessly send out the information in free space. The information between two locations or the transfer of signals/data using optical radiation is known as free Space Optics. Based on the frequency or intensity of the optical car- rier, the information signal could be modulated. For FSO communication, the Line of sight (LOS) is significant without any difficulty among the sender and the receiver. Compared to actual Radio Frequency (RF) communication, FSO has tremendous merits like, very high optical bandwidth (BW), maximum data rate, faster installation, low cost etc. Figure: Block Diagram of FSO Figure shows the FSO basic block diagram, it consists of three main functional elements such as transmitter, atmospheric channel and receiver in FSO. The information signals are modulated by the modulator and exchange the electrical signal to optical signal by the optical source at the sender. The transmitted signal propagates through the atmosphere where it attenuates due to absorption, scattering and turbulence. The telescope directs the signal towards optical filter and receives the incoming radiated signal at the receiver end. The opti- cal filter blocks other radiations from the atmosphere and allows the signal wavelength transmission. Nirali Shah Asst Prof. , SIDS. • Two More Stories: 1. Facebook takes over WhatsApp and Instagram. 2. Grab takes over Uber in Southeast Asia. • Lessons: 1. Become so powerful that your competitors become your allies. 2. Reach top position and work smart with competition. 3. Keep innovating. Prachi Patel 5th Sem CE, SIDS. 31

Then and Now Chirag Sheth Manager Admin, SIDS. 32

Just Get Straight to the Point • The Firefox logo isn't a fox. … It’s a common misbelief that the Firefox logo is a fox (I mean… it is in the name), but it is actually a red panda! • Google's First Tweet was in binary. Google’s first tweet was in 2009, and it was gibberish to most. Translated from binary to English, it reads, “I’m feeling lucky”. I'm 01100110 01100101 01100101 01101100 01101001 01101110 01100111 00100000 01101100 01110101 01100011 01101011 01111001 00001010 Google (@Google) February 26, 2009 • You are always living in the past. Everything you’re experiencing right now actually happened 80 milliseconds ago. A study conducted by Dr. David Eagleman at the Baylor College of Medicine found that our consciousness lags 80 milliseconds behind actual events. • Twitter, Wikipedia, and AOL IM all crashed at 3:15pm when Michael Jackson died. Google initially believed that the millions of search requests meant their search engine was under DDoS attack, and blocked searches related to Michael Jackson for 30 minutes. Twitter reported a crash, as did Wikipedia at 3:15pm. AOL Instant Messenger collapsed for 40 minutes. • TYPEWRITER is the longest word that you can write using the letters only on one row of the keyboard of your computer. • The original name of windows was Interface Manager. • If there was a computer as powerful as the human brain, it would be able to do 38 thousand trillion operations per second and hold more than 3580 terabytes of memory. • The first hard drive could only hold 5MB of data. • The QWERTY keyboard was invented to reduce the typing speed of users. Often, the fast typing speed of some users would cause the computer to freeze for some time repeatedly. • A 15-year-old once hacked NASA. This incident forced NASA to command a shutdown of operations for 21 days. This cost an approximate 41,000 dollars to check the systems and fix it. Jonathan James, the teen who managed to hack NASA’s database, was under house arrest. He was not allowed to leave until he turned 18 and was under strict surveillance. • ENIAC, the first electronic computer, would weigh around 27 tons and took an area of about 1800 square feet. • eBay, being one of the leading online retail company, has a transaction of more than $680 per second. • CAPTCHA means…“Completely Automated Public Turing Test to tell Computers and Humans Apart”. 33

College Diary... Orientation Program for Batch, August2019 Workshop, September 2019 Visit at Science City Ahmedabad, December 2019 34

Industrial Visit at Tops Technology, February 2020 Seminar “Introduction to Startup and Innovation”, February 2020 Days Celebration, February 2020 35

Coder’s Club, December 2020 Building Mobile Application with Flutter, January 2021 Mathematics club, January 2021 36

Faculty Development Program, January 2021 Global Women’s Breakfast, February 2021 “Slack”, March 2021 37

? Let’s Doodle Learner’s to Learner’s Embed Mathematics Zero One Literary Cyber Ninja 38

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SAL Institute of Diploma Studies (Approved By AICTE New Delhi & Affiliated with Gujarat Technological University) Sal Education Campus, Opp. Science city, Sola Bhadaj Road, Ahmedabad, Gujarat-380060 Website: www.sal.edu.in Email: [email protected]