Health Science Flipbook

Flipbook By: Mia Amezcua

Integumentary System Healthcare Dermatologist- a medical practitioner qualified to Careers: diagnose and treat skin disorders. Plastic Surgeon- a medical practitioner who Key Terms: Skin- layer of tissue that covers the body. performs surgery to reconstruct or repair parts of Hair- a thread like strand growing from the skin. the body by the transfer of tissue. derm/o, dermat/o- skin Nails- the top surface of your fingers and toes Function: Keratin- a protein that forms in the main structure of hair, kerat/o- tissue hooves, etc. It acts as a barrier to protect the xer/o- dryness Dermis- the thick layer of living tissue that forms under body from the outside world. It also xanth/o- yellow-ish Vocab: the epidermis. functions to retain body fluids, erythr/o- red Epidermis- the surface epithelium of the skin, overlying protect against disease, eliminate pedicul/o- lice the dermis. waste products, and regulate body onych/o- nails Sweat glands- a small gland that secretes sweat, situated in the dermis of the skin. temperature. Subcutaneous layer-lowermost layer of the myc/o- fungus integumentary system. pil/o- hair Eczema-a chronic or recurrent inflammatory skin lip/o- fatty, lipid disease; tiny bumps on the body. Acne-inflamed or infected sebaceous glands in the skin; rhytid/o- wrinkle red pimples. albin/o- white Diseases & Impetigo- A highly contagious skin infection that causes red Disorders: sores on the body. Alopecia- absence of hair from areas of the body where it normally grows. Chickenpox- A highly contagious viral infection causing an itchy, blister-like rash on the skin. Warts- A small, fleshy bump on the skin or mucous membrane caused by human papillomavirus.

Musculoskeletal System Healthcare Physical Therapist- specialists in evaluating and treating disorders of the human body primarily by physical means. Careers: Massage Therapist- a trained and licensed professional that practices the manual, or hands-on, movement of soft body tissues to enhance a person's well-being. Key Terms: Vocab: Calcium- one of the mineral constituents of bone Function: Cartilage- flexible, rubbery connective tissue my/o- muscle Ribs- twelve pairs of curved bones that form the chest wall It provides form, myel/o- marrow of the Tendon- connective tissue that binds muscles to bones support, stability, and spinal cord Sinus- hollow air cavity within a bone movement to the body. oste/o- bone Meniscus- a thin fibrous cartilage between the surfaces of cost/o- ribs Diseases & some joints crani/o- cranium Disorders:Flexion- decreasing the angle between two bones; bending a -pexy- fixation, put into limb place Collagen- dense, connective tissue protein strands found in chondr/o- cartilage bone and other tissues arthr/o- joint Bone process- projection or outgrowth of tissue from a -plegia- development, larger body formation Rotation- circular movement around an axis kinesi/o- motion Tendonitis- inflammation or irritation of a tendon Fibromyalgia- widespread muscle pain and tenderness Osteoarthritis- a condition that occurs when the body doesn't make new bone as quickly as it reabsorbs old bone. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome- a numbness and tingling in the hand and arm caused by a pinched nerve in the wrist.

Nervous System Healthcare Psychiatrist- a medical practitioner specializing in the Careers: diagnosis and treatment of mental illness. Neuroscientist- a scientist who has specialised CNS- made up of the brain and spinal cord. knowledge in the field of neuroscience, Key Terms: Somatic nervous system- controls voluntary activities. Function: neur/o- nerve encephal/o- brain PNS- nerves through the body. The nervous system is a complex myel/o- bone Autonomic nervous system- regulates the activity collection of nerves and specialized ambul/o- walk of involuntary actions. -esthesia- sensibility Neurons- cells that transmit electrical messages; cells known as neurons that transmit mening/o- meninges psych/o- mind/mental Diseases & compose both CNS and PNS. signals between different parts of the Disorders: Axon- the end of the neuron that carries the nerve body. It is essentially the body's Vocab: impulses away from the body cells. electrical wiring. Dendrite- end of neuron that conducts messages concuss/o- shaken together toward the cell body. Myelin- fat insulating sheath that is around everything but the smallest nerve fibers. Nerve cell body- location of the nucleus in a neuron Stimuli- changes inside and outside of the body that affect the nervous system function. Alzheimer's disease- affects brain function, memory and behavior. Epilepsy- long term condition that affects 1 in 50 people and causes seizures. Bell’s palsy- sudden weakness or paralysis of facial muscles on one side of the face. Parkinson’s disease- damage to nerve cells in the brain, which impacts the smooth control of muscles and movement.

Special Senses Healthcare Ear, Nose and Throat Doctor- their special skills Functions: Careers: include diagnosing and managing diseases of the Key Terms: sinuses, larynx, oral cavity, and upper pharynx, as -The ear uses bones and fluid to well as structures of the neck and face. transform sound waves into sound irid/o- iris of the eye Ophthalmologist-diagnoses and treats all eye signals. -cusis- hearing diseases, performs eye surgery and prescribes and -Specialized receptors in the skin send -opia- vision fits eyeglasses and contact lenses to correct vision touch signals to the brain. ot/o- ear problems. -Chemicals in the air stimulate signals tympan/o- eardrum the brain interprets as smells. opthalm/o- eye Cornea- transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior -The eyes translate light into image -metry- measurement chamber. signals for the brain to process. Iris- a thin, annular structure in the eye, responsible for controlling the diameter and -The tongue is vital for chewing and size of the pupil and thus the amount of light reaching the retina. swallowing food, as well as for speech. Epiglottis- flap of tissue at the base of the tongue that keeps food from going into the -Proprioception is the awareness of trachea, or windpipe, during swallowing. where our limbs are and how our Apex- the bit at the end of the tongue that makes contact with the teeth. bodies are positioned in space. Nasal cavity- large, air-filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face. Vocab: Frontal sinus- lined with cells that make mucus to keep the nose from drying out. External auditory canal- a passageway that leads from the outside of the head to the tympanic membrane, or eardrum membrane, of each ear. Incus- a small anvil-shaped bone in the middle ear, transmitting vibrations between the malleus and stapes. Index finger- used for pointing, touching, precision and strength. Touch receptors- sensory neurons that are located in the skin and possess specialized endings that respond to mechanical stimulation. Diseases & Amblyopia- Decreased eyesight due to abnormal Disorders: visual development. Otosclerosis- A condition characterized by abnormal bone growth in the middle ear, which limits the transmission of sound vibrations through the ear. Anosmia- Partial or complete loss of smell. Ageusia- Loss of taste functions of the tongue.

Cardiovascular System Cardiologist- medical doctors who specialize Key Terms: Healthcare in treating heart conditions. Careers: Heart failure nurses- registered nurses who specialize in caring for patients who suffer Vocab: from advanced cardiovascular disease. cardi/o- heart Valves- fibrous flaps of tissue found between the Function: angi/o- vessel heart chambers and in the blood vessels. hem/o, hemat/o- blood Blood vessels- tubes that carry blood. The main function of the Brady- slow Renal arteries- takes blood to the kidneys. cardiovascular system is Tachy- fast Hepatic arteries- takes blood to the liver with thromb/o- blood clot branches going to the stomach. therefore to maintain -emia- blood Carotid arteries- take blood to the neck and head. blood flow to all parts of leuk/o- white blood cells Coronary arteries- take blood to the neck and head. erythr/o- red blood cells Mensertic arteries- takes blood to the intestines. the body, to allow it to Femoral arteries- takes blood to the legs. survive. arteri/o- artery Cardiac cycle- the sequence of events that occurs in one complete beat of the heart. Diseases & Congenital heart disease- An abnormality in the heart that Disorders: develops before birth. Coronary Artery Disease- Damage or disease in the heart's major blood vessels. Heart Attack- A blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle. Arrhythmia- Improper beating of the heart, whether irregular, too fast, or too slow.

Respiratory System Healthcare Pulmonologist- a person who is specialized in diagnosing and treating patients with lung problems and diseases. Careers: Respiratory technicians- professionals in the career of respiratory medicine. Larynx- voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; Function: Key Terms: contains vocal cords. Your respiratory system is the Lungs- two spongy organs, located in the thoracic cavity enclosed by network of organs and tissues bronch/o- windpipe Vocab: the diaphragm and rib cage, responsible for respiration. that help you breathe. This cyan/o- blue Trachea- one of the tubules forming the respiratory system of most system helps your body absorb laryng/o- larynx insects and many arachnids. -oxia- oxygen Bronchioles- progressively smaller tubular branches of the airways. oxygen from the air so your Alveoli- tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases organs can work. It also cleans oxy- oxygen between air and blood. waste gases, such as carbon pleur/o- rib Respiration- the metabolic processes whereby certain organisms dioxide, from your blood. pneum/o- lungs, air obtain energy from organic molecules. pulmon/o- lungs Breathing- passing or able to pass air in and out of the lungs normally. thorac/o- chest Expiration- exhaling. trache/o- trachea Hypoxia- A deficiency of oxygen reaching the tissues. Inspiration- inhaling. Diseases & Asthma- a condition in which a person's airways become inflamed, Disorders: narrow and swell, and produce extra mucus, which makes it difficult to breathe. Lung Cancer- a cancer that begins in the lungs and most often occurs in people who smoke. COPD- a group of lung diseases that block airflow and make it difficult to breathe. Bronchitis- inflammation of the lining of bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from the lungs.

Digestive System Healthcare Gastroenterologist- doctors who cover the Careers: entire spectrum of digestive tract diseases and disorders. Hepatologist- doctors who specialize in liver Key Terms: Vocab: diseases. Function: cholecyst/o- gallbladder Gallbladder- a small, baglike organ that stores bile enter/o- intestine Digestive tract- a series of tube-like organs that are joined end to The digestive system is col/o, colon/o- colon end responsible for taking hepat/o- liver Large intestine- absorbs extra water from undigested materials whole foods and turning gastr/o- stomach/abdomen Bile- green liquid used in digestion of fat them into energy and or/o- mouth Rectum- the last section of the large intestine nutrients to allow the -pepsia- digestion Anus- the opening at the end of the large intestine body to function, grow, chol/e- bile, gall proct/o- anus Esophagus- a long, straight tube that connects the mouth and throat to the stomach and repair itself. Stomach- a muscular, baglike organ of the digestive tract; attached to the lower end of the esophagus. Small intestine- a muscular tube about 6 m long; the site of most chemical digestion. Liver- a large, reddish organ that produces bile and stores nutrients Diseases & IBS- abdominal pain that occurs at least three times a Disorders: month for three months in a row. Stomach Flu- an infection of the stomach and upper part of the small intestine. Gastritis- inflammation of the stomach lining. Gallstones- small, hard deposits formed by bile.

Urinary System Healthcare Urologist- provide medical and Careers: surgical management for disorders Vocab: of the urinary tract in both men and women. Key Terms: Kidney- One of two bean-shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region; it filters nitrogenous wastes Gynecologist- specialize in care for -cele- swelling, hernia from the bloodstream to form urine. female health problems. -lysis- dissolving cyst/o- bladder, sac or cyst Renal artery- Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney. nephr/o- kidney Renin- hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure Function: by influencing vasoconstriction. Urea- major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine. The urinary system's Ureter- One of two tubes leading from the kidneys to the function is to filter blood and ren/o- kidney urinary bladder. -uria- presence in urine Filtration- process whereby some substances, but not all, pass create urine as a waste -pexy- surgical fixation through a filter. by-product. Urethra- Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside -ectasis- dilation, expansion of the body. pyel/o- pelvis Urination- process of expelling urine; also called micturition. Nephron- Combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption , and secretion take place in the kidney. Urochrome- the yellow pigment that gives urine color. Diseases & Kidney stones- A small, hard deposit that forms in the Disorders: kidneys and is often painful when passed. UTI- An infection in any part of the urinary system, the kidneys, bladder, or urethra. Bladder cancer- Cancer that begins in the bladder. Interstitial cystitis- chronic condition causing bladder pressure, bladder pain and sometimes pelvic pain.

Reproductive System Healthcare Andrologist- medical profession Careers: dealing with the health of the male Key Terms: reproductive system. Sperm- the male reproductive cell. Obstetrician- doctors who care for cervic/o- cervix Ova- also known as eggs, the gametes produced by women before, during, and after females. pregnancy. Testes- the male gonads, which produce sperm and Function: salping/o- a tube Vocab: secrete male sex hormones. ov/o- oocyte or egg Semen- the thick white fluid containing The human reproductive orchid/o- testicle spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital system functions to produce oophor/o- ovary tract. men/o- menstruation Ovaries- the female gonads, paired almond-sized human offspring, with the organs located in the pelvic cavity, and produce two male providing sperm and the steroid hormone groups the estrogens and female providing the ovum. mamm/o- breast progesterone. gynec/o- woman Ovulation- the expulsion of an ovum from the ovary colp/o- vagina (usually midway in the menstrual cycle). prostat/o- prostate gland Uterus- a hollow muscular organ in the pelvic cavity of females. Fallopian tubes- tubes which carry eggs from the Diseases & Disorders: ovaries to the uterus and which provides the place where fertilization occurs. Endometriosis- A disorder in which tissue Cervix- neck like opening to the uterus. that normally lines the uterus grows Menstrual cycle- a recurring cycle (beginning at outside the uterus. menarche and ending at menopause) in which the STD- An infection transmitted through endometrial lining of the uterus prepares for sexual contact, caused by bacteria, viruses, pregnancy. or parasites. HIV/AIDS- HIV causes AIDS and interferes with the body's ability to fight infections. Erectile dysfunction- Occurs when a man can't get or keep an erection firm enough for sexual intercourse.