The Dawn of Thoughts Get your own Interested in iphone pedagogy? Go to page 14 Flat 20% off! Now at stores (Page 10) India China Did you know that India’s Unemployment rate is actually lesser than China’s?? Dawn of thoughts’ Exclusive Musical Drama show coming soon! Pg 13
The Dawn of Thoughts
©DOT Publishing Private limited 2020 All rights preserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of DOT Publishing Private Limited. Topic: A social AIL on the different sectors of India and China. Team: Akshitha.R, Naren Siva.C.A, Velvijitha.S and Smriti.T Photos: The Dawn of Thoughts Photo library, iStock
Contents Introduction………………………………………………….06 An account on China……………………………….08 Wonderful India………………………………………….11 Pedagogy…………………………………………………………….14 Nowhere to go,no work to do………….24 Indian Vs Chinese robustness……….51 The Sectors of Economy……………………….65
1 Introduction
The Dawn of Thoughts We have all know the countries India and China. But have we ever went deeply into their sectors like, Health, Education,Unemployment, and Sectors of Economy? So that’s what we will be overviewing in this magazine. Now put on your boot and jump into the pages of adventure!! 07
2 An account on China
An account on The Dawn of Thoughts China, Chinese (Pinyin) Zhonghua or (Wade-Giles For this reason, the general basis for romanization) Chung-hua, also spelled (Pinyin) classifying the country’s population is Zhongguo or (Wade-Giles romanization) largely linguistic rather than ethnic. Chung-kuo, officially People’s Republic of China or Some 55 minority groups are spread over Chinese (Pinyin) Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo or approximately three-fifths of the country’s (Wade-Giles romanization) Chung-hua Jen-min total area. Where these minority groups are Kung-ho-kuo, country of East Asia. found in large numbers, they have been given some semblance of autonomy and It is the largest of all Asian countries and has the self-government; autonomous regions of largest population of any country in the world. several types have been established on the Occupying nearly the entire East Asian landmass, it basis of the geographic distribution of covers approximately one-fourteenth of the land nationalities. area of Earth. Among the major countries of the world, China is surpassed in area by only Russia China is one of the great cradles of world and Canada, and it is almost as large as the whole of civilization, and its culture is remarkable Europe. China is a multinational country, with a for its duration, diversity, and influence population composed of a large number of ethnic on other cultures, especially those of its and linguistic groups. The Han (Chinese), the largest East Asian neighbours. Following is a group, outnumber the minority groups or minority survey of Chinese culture; in-depth nationalities in every province or autonomous discussions of specific cultural aspects region except Tibet and Xinjiang. The Han, are found in the article Chinese therefore, form the great homogeneous mass of the literature and in the sections on Chinese Chinese people, sharing the same culture, the same visual arts, music, and dance and traditions, and the same written language. theatre of the article arts, East Asian. 09
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3 Wonderful India
The Dawn of Thoughts India functioned as a virtually high biological diversity and contain established. India is notable for its self-contained political and many species exclusively indigenous, or religious diversity, with Hinduism, India,is a country that occupies the cultural arena, which gave rise to endemic, to them. India is a habitat for Buddhism, Sikhism, Islam, a distinctive tradition that was 8.6% of all mammal species, 13.7% of bird Christianity, and Jainism among greater part of South Asia. Its capital is associated primarily with species, 7.9% of reptile species, 6% of the nation's major religions.The New Delhi, built in the 20th century just Hinduism, the roots of which can amphibian species, 12.2% of fish species, predominant religion, Hinduism, south of the historic hub of Old Delhi to largely be traced to the Indus and 6.0% of all flowering plant has been shaped by various serve as India’s administrative centre. civilization.Other religions, species.Fully a third of Indian plant historical schools of thought, Its government is a constitutional species are endemic.India also contains including republic that represents a highly four of the world's 34 diverse population consisting of thousands of ethnic groups and likely hundreds of languages. With roughly one-sixth of the world’s notably Buddhism and Jainism, biodiversity hotspots,or regions that display those of the Upanishads,the originated in India—though their significant habitat loss in the presence of Yoga Sutras, the Bhakti total population, India is the second presence there is now quite small—and high endemism. movement,and by Buddhist throughout the centuries residents of Indian cultural history spans more than philosophy. most populous country, after China. the subcontinent developed a rich 4,500 years.During the Vedic period (c. 1700 intellectual life in such fields as – c. 500 BCE), the foundations of Hindu It is known from archaeological mathematics, astronomy, architecture, philosophy, mythology, theology and literature, music, and the fine arts. literature were laid, and many beliefs and evidence that a highly sophisticated India is a megadiverse country, a term practices which still exist today, such as employed for 17 countries which display dhárma, kárma, yóga, and mokṣa, were urbanized culture—the Indus civilization—dominated the northwestern part of the subcontinent from about 2600 to 2000 .BCE From that period on, 12
You are invited to our Musical Drama! Dawn of thoughts Theme-Happenings in China and India Musical Drama Date : 31st December Time : 6:00 pm Venue: Dawn of Thoughts Auditorium, City Hall. New year Celebrations will follow after the commencement of the programme... Do join us to share new horizons…. We are looking forward to meet you! 13
4 Pedagogy
The Dawn of Thoughts China The Chinese government tension of whether to stress practices. The Ministry of Public Health of quality of care or to spread scarce the State Council oversees the health services faces a mammoth task in trying medical resources as widely as system, which includes a substantial rural to provide medical and welfare possible. In addition, there has collective sector but almost no private sector. services adequate to meet the been repeated debate over the All the major medical facilities are run by the basic needs of the immense relative balance that should be government. number of citizens spread over struck between the use of a vast area. Although China’s Western and traditional Chinese overall affluence has grown medicine. While the Cultural dramatically since the Revolution pushed the balance mid-1980s—per capita income toward widespread minimum has increased many times over, care with great attention paid to and caloric intake has become traditional medicine, policy after comparable to that for western the late 1970s moved in the other Europe—a great many of its direction on both issues; by the people live at socioeconomic late 1980s the proportion of levels far below the national doctors of Western medicine had average. The medical system, exceeded those of traditional moreover, labours under the 15
The Dawn of Thoughts As evaluated on a per capita basis, China’s health Changes in the leading causes of death reflect the longer facilities remain unevenly distributed. Only about half of life span and improved living conditions that have The health of the Chinese populace has improved the country’s medical and health personnel work in rural developed in China since 1949. For some time, the major areas, where approximately three-fifths of the causes have been pulmonary and cerebrovascular considerably since 1949. Average life expectancy has population resides. The doctors of Western medicine, diseases, malignant tumours, and cardiac disease. Severe increased by about three decades and now ranks nearly who constitute about one-fourth of the total medical environmental pollution has become a major health at the level of that in advanced industrial societies. Many personnel, are even more concentrated in urban areas. hazard in several parts of the country. communicable diseases, such as plague, smallpox, Similarly, about two-thirds of the country’s hospital beds cholera, and typhus, have either been wiped out or are located in the cities. Airborne Nitrogen Dioxide Plummets Over China brought under control. In addition, the incidences of malaria and schistosomiasis have declined dramatically The severest limitation on the availability of health since 1949. services, however, appears to be an absolute lack of resources, rather than discrimination in access on the basis of the ability of individuals to pay. An extensive system of paramedical care has been fostered as the major medical resource available to most of the rural population, but the care has been of uneven quality. The paramedical system feeds patients into the more-sophisticated commune-level and county-level hospitals when they are available. 16
Health Indicators The Dawn of Thoughts Some measures used to indicate health include Total Fertility Rate, Infant Mortality Rate, Life Expectancy, Crude Birth and Death Rate. As of 2017, China has a Total Fertility Rate of 1.6 children born per woman, an Infant Mortality rate of 10 deaths per 1000 live births, Crude Birth Rate of 13 births per 1000 people and a Death Rate of 7 deaths per 1000 people. Since 1949, China had a huge improvement in population's health. There are health related parameters: 17
The Dawn of Thoughts Some Medical issues in China include: Smoking Women's health SARS COVID-19 pandemic Hepatitis B HIV and AIDS Tuberculosis Leprosy Mental health Nutrition Malnutrition among rural children Environment and Health Iodine deficiency Infection from animals 18
The Dawn of Thoughts Water supply and sanitation in China Water supply and sanitation in China is achieved. According to survey data analyzed by the Joint Monitoring undergoing a massive transition while Program for Water and Sanitation of facing numerous challenges such as rapid WHO and UNICEF, about 100 million urbanization, increasing economic Chinese still did not have access to an inequality, and the supply of water to improved water source in 2008, and about rural areas. Water scarcity and pollution 460 million did not have access to also impact access to water. improved sanitation. Progress in rural areas appears to lag behind what has Progress has been made in the past been achieved in urban areas. According decades, with increased access to to data presented by the Joint Monitoring services, increased municipal wastewater Program for Water Supply and Sanitation treatment, the creation of water and of WHO and UNICEF in 2015, about 36% wastewater utilities that are legally and of the rural population in China still did financially separated from local not have access to improved sanitation. governments, and increasing cost recovery as part of the transformation of the Chinese economy to a more market-oriented system. The government quadrupled investments in the sector during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2006–10). Nevertheless, much remains to be 19
The Dawn of Thoughts Over the past 2 decades, significant progress has been made in improving the health-care system and people's health conditions in China. Following rapid economic growth and social development, China's health-care system is facing new challenges, such as increased health-care demands and expenditure, inefficient use of Facing these challenges, the Chinese government carried out a national health-care reform in 2009. health-care resources, unsatisfying A series of policies were developed and implemented to improve the health-care implementation of disease management insurance system, the medical care system, the public health service system, the pharmaceutical guidelines, and inadequate health-care supply system, and the health-care institution management system in China. insurance. Although these measures have shown promising results, further efforts are needed to achieve the ultimate goal of providing affordable and high-quality care for both urban and rural residents in China. 20
THE INDIAN CASE Indian healthcare delivery system is The Dawn of Thoughts categorised into two major components - public and private. The Government, i.e. India's Ministry of Health was established India's competitive advantage lies in its public healthcare system, comprises limited with independence from Britain in 1947. The large pool of well-trained medical secondary and tertiary care institutions in government has made health a priority in its professionals. India is also cost competitive key cities and focuses on providing basic series of five-year plans, each of which compared to its peers in Asia and Western healthcare facilities in the form of primary determines state spending priorities for the countries. The cost of surgery in India is healthcare centres (PHCs) in rural areas. coming five years. The National Health about one-tenth of that in the US or Western The private sector provides majority of Policy was endorsed by Parliament in 1983. Europe. India ranks 145 among 195 secondary, tertiary, and quaternary care The policy aimed at universal health care countries in terms of quality and institutions with major concentration in coverage by 2000, and the program was accessibility of healthcare. metros and tier I and tier II cities. updated in 2002. Healthcare has become one of India’s largest The health care system in India is primarily administered by the states. India's sector, both in terms of revenue and employment. Constitution tasks each state with providing Healthcare comprises hospitals, medical devices, health care for its people. In order to clinical trials, outsourcing, telemedicine, medical address lack of medical coverage in rural tourism, health insurance and medical equipment. areas, the national government launched the The Indian healthcare sector is growing at a brisk National Rural Health Mission in 2005. This pace due to its strengthening coverage, services and mission focuses resources on rural areas increasing expenditure by public as well private and poor states which have weak health players. services in the hope of improving health care in India's poorest regions. 21
The Dawn of Thoughts Though there are many challenges for the Indian healthcare sector, let’s just see the “five As” for now... 1. Awareness or the lack of it 2. Access or the lack of it 3. Absence or the human power crisis in healthcare 4. Affordability or the cost of healthcare 5. Accountability or the lack of it 22
The Dawn of Thoughts India’s medical and public health services have Great strides, however, have been made in combating The latter generally are staffed by minimally trained paramedical personnel and are poorly improved dramatically since independence. As a certain diseases. Smallpox, once a leading cause of equipped. Many are visited each week by a result, average life expectancy at birth has risen by death, was declared eradicated in 1977. The vigorous trained government doctor. Supplementing these more than 25 years since World War II, although it National Malaria Eradication Programme, launched in government services are private medical still lags behind expectancies in the world’s more 1958, almost succeeded in ridding India of this once practitioners, a great many of whom follow a affluent societies.While death from starvation has very common disease, but the development of variety of traditional medical systems. Of these, become rare, malnutrition has remained widespread. resistance to DDT among mosquitoes caused a the ancient Ayurvedic system is by far the most Much of the population lacks access to safe drinking resurgence of the problem. This led to renewed public widespread. Several dozen colleges teach water, seasonally if not year-round. Dysentery and health efforts and, subsequently, to a slow but steady Ayurvedic medicine, often with government other diseases caused by waterborne organisms are decline in the number of affected individuals. AIDS and support. Throughout India, the government uses major killers, especially of children. Poorly treated HIV infection have increased; although the overall its network of hospitals and clinics for and improperly disposed sewage pose serious proportion of the population affected is quite tiny, the immunizing children against various diseases and health problems. Most diseases endemic to tropical number of people infected is one of the highest for any for promoting family planning. Family planning regions are significant causes of morbidity in India. country in the world. Apart from numerous programs efforts, including the encouragement of voluntary The rate of tuberculosis is high, and the incidence of directed against specific diseases, there has been a sterilization of both males and females, have met blindness, mainly caused by trachoma, is even considerable expansion in the number of union- and with mixed success. higher. state-maintained hospitals and rural primary health centres. 23
5 Nowhere to go,no work to do
The Dawn of Thoughts India`s unemployment INTRODUCTION • What is unemployment • Causes of unemployment • Factors responsible for unemployment • Reasons of unemployment • Steps to reduce unemployment • Rank of unemployment in India • How to solve the unemployment • State will have higher • Iis government responsible for unemployment • What will government if unemployment is high unemployment • Problems for unemployment • How to reduce unemployment • How To overcome unemployment 25
The Dawn of Thoughts What is unemployment ? Unemployment is defined as a condition when an adult falling under the working age who wants full-time employment is not able to get the job. Certain factors responsible for Unemployment are listed below: a) Backward Agriculture b) High Population Growth c) Defective Education System d) Exploitation of Resources e) Low means of Self-Employment Steps to Reduce Unemployment: A few steps to reduce unemployment are: a) Rapid Industrialization b) Population control c) Reconstruction of Agriculture d) Encouragement of Small Enterprises e) Rural Development Schemes 26
The Dawn of Thoughts Initiatives by the government to solve the problem of unemployment: 1. Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) The Government of India introduced IRDP in 1978-79, intending to create full employment opportunities in the rural areas. This program included agriculture, forests, fisheries, animal husbandry, cottage industries, construction of canals, roads, and so on. To provide employment, a sum of INR 312 crores was also spent in the Seventh plan, which benefited 182 families. 2. Training for Self–Employment: The program was launched on August 15th, 1979, and is called the National Scheme of Training of Rural Youth for Self Employment (TRYSEM). Its main objective is to reduce unemployment among the youth. Under this, during the seventh plan, around 11.6 lakh youth given training, which gave young men financial assistance from banks, which varies from INR 3000 to INR 5000 to start any work. Composite Rural Training and Technical Centres were set up to give training to 2.8 lakh rural youth during 1995-96 27
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