BSAVA Small Animal Formulary, Part A: Canine and Feline, 9th Edition

Appendix I: general information435Drugs usage in renal and hepatic insufficiencyWith failure of liver or kidney, the excretion of some drugs may be impaired, leading to increased serum concentrations.Renal failurea. Double the dosing interval or halve the dosage in patients with severe renal insufficiency. Use for drugs that are relatively non-toxic.b. Increase dosing interval 2-fold when creatinine clearance (Ccr) is 0.5–1.0 ml/min/kg, 3-fold when Ccr is 0.3–0.5 ml/min/kg and 4-fold when Ccr is <0.3 ml/min/kg.c. Precise dose modification is required for some toxic drugs that are excreted solely by glomerular filtration, e.g. aminoglycosides. This is determined by using the dose fraction K to amend the fdrug dose or dosing interval according to the following equations:■■Modified dose reduction = normal dose x Kf■■Modified dose interval = normal dose interval/Kf■■where K = patient Ccr/normal CcrfWhere Ccr is unavailable, Ccr may be estimated at 88.4/serum creatinine ( mol/l) (where serum creatinine is <350 mol/l).µµK may be estimated at 0.33 if urine is isosthenuric or 0.25 if the fpatient is azotaemic.DrugNephrotoxicDose adjustment in renal failureAmikacinYescAmoxicillinNoaAmphotericin BYescAmpicillinNoaCefalexinNobChloramphenicolNoN, ADigoxinNocGentamicinYescNitrofurantoinNoCIOxytetracyclineYesClPenicillinNoaStreptomycinYesbTobramycinYescTrimethoprim/ sulphonamideYesb, Aa, b, c = refer to section above on dose adjustment; A = avoid in severe renal failure; CI = contraindicated; N = normal dose. APPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORMATIONAPPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRAD INDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Appendix I: general information436Hepatic insufficiencyDrug clearance by the liver is affected by many factors and thus it is not possible to apply a simple formula to drug dosing. The table below is adapted from information in the human literature.CI = contraindicated; avoid use if at all possible. DI = a change in dose or dosing interval may be required.DrugDICIAspirin✓Azathioprine✓Cefotaxime✓Chloramphenicol✓Clindamycin✓Cyclophosphamide✓Diazepam✓Doxorubicin✓Doxycycline✓Fluorouracil✓Furosemide✓Hydralazine✓Lidocaine✓Metronidazole✓Morphine✓NSAIDs✓Oxytetracycline✓Pentobarbital✓Phenobarbital✓Propranolol✓Theophylline✓Vincristine✓APPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORM APPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRADE NAMESINDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Appendix I: general information437Suspected Adverse Reaction Surveillance Scheme (SARSS)The Veterinary Medicines Directorate has a website (www.vmd.defra.gov.uk/) to report any and all suspected adverse reactions in an animal or a human to a veterinary medicinal product, or in an animal treated with a human medicine. Anyone can report a suspected adverse reaction in this way. An ‘adverse reaction’ includes lack of efficacy and known side effects. It is only by completing such forms that the changes in the prevalence of problems can be documented.The online report form is preferred; however, if you would prefer to use a paper copy you can download and print an Animal Form to report an adverse reaction in an animal to a veterinary medicine or to a human product. Alternatively, download and print a Human Form to report an adverse reaction in a human to a veterinary medicinal product. Post the forms to the address at the top of the reports.If you have any questions please call the pharmacovigilance team on 01932 338427.Further readingBritish National Formulary No. 72 (2016) British Medical Association and the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great BritainCompendium of Data Sheets for Animal Medicines (2016) National Office of Animal Health, Enfield, MiddlesexGiguére S, Prescott JF, Baggot JD and Walker RD (2013) Antimicrobial Therapy in Veterinary Medicine, 8th edn. Wiley Blackwell, IowaMonthly Index of Medical Specialties (2016) Haymarket Medical Publications, LondonPapich MG (2015) Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs, 4th edn. Saunders Elsevier, St LouisPlumb DC (2015) Plumb’s Veterinary Drug Handbook, 8th edn. Blackwell PublishingUseful websiteswww.bnf.orgBritish National Formulary – registration required through academic institutions to use BNF online but can order paper copy of BNF from this site.www.bsava.comBritish Small Animal Veterinary Association – useful forums and links to Journal of Small Animal Practice and the BSAVA Guide to the Use of Veterinary Medicines. Searchable online Formulary available to members.www.bva.co.uk/News-campaigns-and-policy/Policy/Medicines/Veterinary-medicines/British Veterinary Association. Information on the Prescribing Cascade.APPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORMATIONAPPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRAD INDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Appendix I: general information438www.chemopet.co.ukChemopet – company that will reformulate a wide range of injectable and oral chemotherapy drugs.www.emea.europa.eu/ema/European Medicines Agency.www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedPubMed is a widely used free service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health that allows users to search abstracts in the medical literature. All major veterinary publications covered.www.noahcompendium.co.uk/Compendium/Overview/NOAH compendium site.www.novalabs.co.uk/Site for a company that will reformulate many drugs into conveniently sized tablets.www.rcvs.org.uk/advice-and-guidance/code-of-professional-conduct-for-veterinary-surgeons/supporting-evidence/veterinary-medicines/Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons. Information on the Prescribing Cascade. www.specialslab.co.ukSite for a company that will reformulate many drugs into conveniently sized tablets.www.gov.uk/government/organisations/veterinary-medicines-directorateVeterinary Medicines Directorate – in particular is useful for repeat applications for special import certificates (SICs) and special treatment certificates (STCs) and the electronic Summary of Product Characteristics (eSPCs).www.wiley.comJournal of Small Animal Practice – free for BSAVA members, free abstracts and pay per article for others.APPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORM APPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRADE NAMESINDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Appendix II: protocols439Appendix II: protocolsChemotherapy protocols for lymphomaVarious protocols are described in the literature. Three examples are provided below.Note that oral cytotoxic drugs cannot be split or divided. It is also important that patients are not overdosed with cytotoxic medications. Ideally, for these reasons a reformulating pharmacy should be used to match patient requirements exactly. If this is not possible, then patients should be underdosed rather than overdosed based on the available tablet sizes, Extended dosing frequency can occasionally be used to enable a larger tablet size to be administered. Refer to specialist texts or seek advice from a veterinary oncologist for further information regarding protocols.Protocol 1: Combination cytotoxic therapy COP (low dose)Induction:Cyclophosphamide: 50 mg/m p.o. on alternate days or 50 mg/m 22p.o. for the first 4 days of each weekVincristine: 0.5 mg/m i.v. q7d2Prednisolone: 40 mg/m p.o. q24h for first 7 days then 20 mg/m p.o. 22on alternate days and given with cyclophosphamide.Maintenance after a minimum of 2 months:Cyclophosphamide: 50 mg/m p.o. on alternate days or 50 mg/m 22p.o. for the first 4 days of each second week (alternate-week therapy)Vincristine: 0.5 mg/m i.v. q14d2Prednisolone: 20 mg/m p.o. on alternate days of each second week 2and given with cyclophosphamide.Maintenance after 6 months (if disease in remission):Cyclophosphamide: 50 mg/m p.o. q48h (one week in three) or 250 mg/m p.o. for the first 4 days of each third week (one week in three)2Vincristine: 0.5 mg/m i.v. q21d2Prednisolone: 20 mg/m p.o. on alternate days of each third week and 2given with cyclophosphamideMaintenance after 12 months:Cyclophosphamide: 50 mg/m p.o. q48h (one week in four) or 250 mg/m p.o. for the first 4 days of each fourth week (one week in four)2Vincristine: 0.5 mg/m i.v. q28d2Prednisolone: 20 mg/m p.o. on alternate days of each fourth week 2and given with cyclophosphamide.General notes:• GI protectants: ranitidine 2 mg/kg q12h p.o., sucralfate 500 mg/dog p.o. q8h (dogs up to 20 kg), 1–2 g/dog p.o. q8h (dogs >20 kg) are recommended for first 14 days. Cimetidine is avoided due to its effect on the hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme pathway and the potential for altering metabolism of chemotherapeutics.APPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORMATIONAPPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRAD INDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Appendix II: protocols440• Melphalan (5 mg/m p.o.) may be administered as an alternative 2to cyclophosphamide after 6 months in order to reduce the risk of haemorrhagic cystitis.• Chlorambucil (5 mg/m p.o. on alternate days) or melphalan may 2be given as alternatives for cyclophosphamide if haemorrhagic cystitis develops.• Doxorubicin (30 mg/m i.v. q3wk) or asparaginase/ -asparginase 2l(400 IU/kg s.c., i.m. q7d or as necessary) may be used to manage relapsing or recurrent disease. (Refer to specialist texts or advice regarding protocols for treating relapsed lymphoma.)Recommended monitoring:• Haematology every 1–2 weeks initially, followed by every 4 weeks if the patient is tolerating chemotherapy well• Biochemistry at regular intervals depending on other illnesses.• Urine – dipstick every 1–2 weeks in the first 2 months. Full urinalysis prior to first dose, then as required.Contraindications and adverse effectsMyelosuppression, haemorrhagic cystitis (cyclophosphamide only) or GI effects may occur. Peripheral neuropathies, although reported, are rare. Discontinue cyclophosphamide therapy if the neutrophil count decreases to <2 x 10 /l; check count weekly and do not resume 9treatment until neutrophil count is >3 x 10 /l. If neutropenia recurs 9following reinstitution of therapy, decrease dose by 10–25%.Protocol 2: Combination cytotoxic therapy COP (high dose)Induction:Cyclophosphamide: 250 mg/m p.o. q21d2Vincristine: 0.75 mg/m i.v. q7d for 4 weeks then 0.75 mg/m i.v. q21d 22administered with cyclophosphamidePrednisolone: 1 mg/kg p.o. q24h for 4 weeks then 1 mg/kg p.o. on alternate days.Maintenance after 6 months:Cyclophosphamide: 250 mg/m p.o. q28d2Vincristine: 0.75 mg/m i.v. q28d with cyclophosphamide2Prednisolone: 1 mg/kg p.o. on alternate days.Maintenance after 12 months:Cyclophosphamide: 250 mg/m p.o. q28d2Vincristine: 0.75 mg/m i.v. q5wk2Prednisolone: 1 mg/kg p.o. on alternate days.Maintenance after 18 months:Cyclophosphamide: 250 mg/m p.o. q28d2Vincristine: 0.75 mg/m i.v. q6wk2Prednisolone: 1 mg/kg p.o. on alternate days.Maintenance after 24 months:Stop if in remissionAPPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORM APPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRADE NAMESINDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Appendix II: protocols441General notes:• GI protectants: ranitidine 2 mg/kg q12h p.o., sucralfate 500 mg/dog p.o. q8h (dogs up to 20 kg), 1–2 g/dog p.o. q8h (dogs >20 kg) are recommended for first 14 days. Cimetidine is avoided due to its effect on the hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme pathway and the potential for altering metabolism of chemotherapeutics.• Melphalan (5 mg/m p.o.) may be administered as an alternative 2to cyclophosphamide after 6 months in order to reduce the risk of haemorrhagic cystitis.• Chlorambucil (5 mg/m p.o. on alternate days) or melphalan may 2be given as alternatives for cyclophosphamide if haemorrhagic cystitis develops.• Doxorubicin (30 mg/m i.v. q3wk) or asparaginase/ -asparginase 2l(400 IU/kg i.m. q7d or as necessary) may be used to manage relapsing or recurrent disease. (Refer to specialist texts or advice regarding protocols for treating relapsed lymphoma.)Recommended monitoring:• Haematology every 1–2 weeks initially, followed by every 4 weeks if the patient is tolerating chemotherapy well• Biochemistry at regular intervals• Urine – dipstick weekly and full urinalysis every 4 weeks.Contraindications and adverse effectsMyelosuppression, haemorrhagic cystitis (cyclophosphamide only) or GI effects may occur. Peripheral neuropathies, although reported, are rare. Discontinue cyclophosphamide therapy if the neutrophil count decreases to <2 x 10 /l; check count weekly and do not resume 9treatment until neutrophil count is >3 x 10 /l. If neutropenia recurs 9following reinstitution of therapy, decrease dose by 10–25%.Protocol 3: Combination cytotoxic therapy Madison–WisconsinWeek 1Vincristine: 0.7 mg/m i.v. once2Prednisolone: 2 mg/kg p.o. q24hAsparaginase: 400 IU/kg s.c., i.m. once(NB: Many oncologists now use the CHOP protocol, which is based on this protocol but with the omission of asparaginase in weeks 1 and 2)Week 2Cyclophosphamide: 250 mg/m p.o. once2Prednisolone: 1.5 mg/kg p.o. q24h Furosemide: 2.0–2.2 mg/kg s.c., i.v.Asparaginase: 400 IU/kg s.c., i.m. once can be administered if remission is not achievedWeek 3Vincristine: 0.7 mg/m i.v. once2Prednisolone: 1 mg/kg p.o. q24hAPPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORMATIONAPPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRAD INDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Appendix II: protocols442Week 4Doxorubicin: 30 mg/m i.v. once (in 0.9% NaCl) given over 20 minutes 2(Chlorphenamine 2–10 mg/dog i.m. once and maropitant 1 mg/kg s.c. once are given before doxorubicin)Prednisolone: 0.5 mg/kg p.o. q24h for one weekWeek 5No medication (prednisolone is stopped)Week 6Vincristine: 0.7 mg/m i.v. once2Week 7Cyclophosphamide: 250 mg/m p.o., i.v.2Furosemide: 2.0–2.2 mg/kg s.c., i.v.Week 8Vincristine: 0.7 mg/m i.v. once2Week 9Doxorubicin: 30 mg/m i.v. once (in 0.9% NaCl) given over 20 minutes. 2(Chlorphenamine 2–10 mg/dog i.m. once and maropitant 1 mg/kg s.c. once are given before doxorubicin)Week 10No medicationWeek 11Vincristine: 0.7 mg/m i.v. once2Week 12No medicationWeek 13Cyclophosphamide: 250 mg/m p.o., i.v. once2Furosemide: 2.0–2.2 mg/kg s.c., i.v.Week 14No medicationWeek 15Vincristine: 0.7 mg/m i.v. once2Week 16No medicationWeek 17Doxorubicin: 30 mg/m i.v. (in 0.9% NaCl) given over 20 minutes. 2(Chlorphenamine 2–10 mg/dog i.m. once and maropitant 1 mg/kg s.c. once are given before doxorubicin)Week 18No medicationWeek 19Vincristine: 0.7 mg/m i.v. once2Week 20No medicationAPPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORM APPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRADE NAMESINDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Appendix II: protocols443Week 21Cyclophosphamide: 250 mg/m p.o., i.v. once2Furosemide: 2.0–2.2 mg/kg s.c., i.v.Week 22No medicationWeek 23Vincristine: 0.7 mg/m i.v. once2Week 24No medicationWeek 25Doxorubicin: 30 mg/m i.v. once (in 0.9% NaCl) given over 20 minutes. 2(Chlorphenamine 2–10 mg/dog i.m. once and maropitant 1 mg/kg s.c. once are given before doxorubicin)Restaging (which may include haematology and biochemistry blood tests, thoracic radiography and abdominal ultrasonography) can be scheduled for 1, 3 and 6 months post cessation of chemotherapy. In the case of multicentric lymphoma, peripheral lymph node assessment, by physical examination, is scheduled monthly post cessation of chemotherapy. A post-doxorubicin echocardiogram is usually scheduled for one month post chemotherapy cessation. Some veterinarians use the canine lymphoma blood test, as an additional test, to ascertain response and remission status.General notes:• In dogs <10 kg, use doxorubicin at a dose of 1 mg/kg i.v. once.• If reduced cardiac contractility, doxorubicin can be substituted by epirubicin 30 mg/m or mitoxantrone 5.5 mg/m (both i.v. in 220.9% NaCl).• If sterile haemorrhagic cystitis occurs on cyclophosphamide, discontinue and substitute chlorambucil (1.4 mg/kg p.o.) for subsequently scheduled doses.• Asparaginase (400 IU/kg i.m., s.c.) can be given with each vincristine injection until clinical remission is achieved. Chlorphenamine (2–10 mg/dog i.m. once) should be given before the asparaginase.• GI protectants: ranitidine 2 mg/kg q12h p.o., sucralfate• 500 mg/dog p.o. q8h (dogs up to 20 kg), 1–2 g/dog p.o. q8h (dogs >20 kg) are recommended for first 14 days. Cimetidine is avoided due to its effect on the hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme pathway and the potential for altering metabolism of chemotherapeutics.• After initial 6 months all medication is stopped until a relapse occurs.Suggested monitoring:• Haematology is done every week with treatment• Urinalysis is done on weeks 0, 3, 8, 15 and 23• (Biochemistry may be done on week 8)• Baseline echocardiography – should be done before giving doxorubicin.APPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORMATIONAPPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRAD INDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Appendix II: protocols444Contraindications and adverse effectsMyelosuppression, haemorrhagic cystitis (cyclophosphamide only), cardiotoxicity (doxorubicin only) or GI effects may occur. Peripheral neuropathies, although reported, are rare. Discontinue chemotherapy therapy if the neutrophil count decreases to <2 x 10 /l; check count 9weekly and do not resume treatment until neutrophil count is >3 x 10 /l. 9Patients may require hospitalization or antibiosis if the neutrophil count is <2, or if they have clinical signs of infection/sepsis – consult a specialist text or oncologist for advice as required. If neutropenia recurs following reinstitution of therapy, decrease dosage by 10–25%.Immunosuppression protocolsThere are many protocols described in the literature for different immune-mediated diseases: three examples are provided here. It is vitally important that the diagnosis of immune-mediated disease is confirmed before undertaking any of these protocols.Protocol 1: Canine immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA) and immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (IMTP)InductionImmunosuppression: Prednisolone: 40 mg/m p.o. q24h (<10 kg body 2weight, 2 mg/kg p.o. q24h) and azathioprine (2 mg/kg p.o. q24h) are preferred to prednisolone on its own. See Appendix I for safety and handling of chemotherapeutic agents.Dexamethasone (0.3–0.5 mg/kg i.v. q24h) may be substituted for prednisolone if the patient is unable to tolerate oral medications. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (7–10 mg/kg i.v. q12h) can be substituted for azathioprine if:• Patient is unable to tolerate oral medications• Patient has historical evidence of a rapid (>10% in 24 hours) fall in haematocrit prior to presentation• Patient has gross evidence of spontaneous agglutination (as documented by a haematologist)• Patient has evidence of intravascular haemolysis (haemoglobinuria, haemoglobinaemia)• Patient has evidence of pancreatitis on biochemistry or physical examination.Once patient is able to tolerate oral medications, then substitute prednisolone for dexamethasone and switch to oral dosing of mycophenolate mofetil (10 mg/kg p.o. q12h) or, if preferred, azathioprine at the above doses. A single dose of vincristine (0.02 mg/kg i.v.) may be used in cases of IMTP as it is likely to help increase platelet number. Dyserythropoiesis may be seen in such cases but is clinically insignificant.Antithrombotics: Aspirin (0.5 mg/kg p.o. q24h unless thrombocytopenic) may improve survival in dogs. If active GI ulceration, renal disease, or the patient is intolerant of oral medications, then low molecular weight heparin (100 IU s.c. q12h) can be used. There are no studies currently on clopidogrel, but this may be appropriate. Heparin should be administered (concurrently APPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORM APPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRADE NAMESINDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Appendix II: protocols445with aspirin unless there are any contraindications) if there is clinical evidence of thromboembolic disease. Discontinue on remission.Antibiotics: Not required unless there is a documented infection, known risk of infection (e.g. GI barrier compromise, previous endocarditis) or known exposure to ticks.Gastrointestinal protection: In general not required. Sucralfate is optional, but if given should be given 2 hours before other medications. In cases with known or suspected GI bleeding (particularly cases with immune-mediated thrombocytopenia), effective suppression of gastric acid secretion is required. Current evidence suggests that only famotidine and omeprazole will provide this. The practice of administering ranitidine etc. to every animal receiving high doses of steroids is not necessary and likely ineffective.Relapse and rescueIf a mild relapse (e.g. a fall in PCV of <5% without any clinical signs of anaemia) occurs following documented remission, this may be treated by re-instigating the drug dosages used at the last visit when the patient was in remission. Severe relapses should be treated byre-instigation of induction doses of all drugs used initially. If this is ineffective (i.e. no response (increase in haemocrit by <5% despite ongoing regenerative response) within 6 days), or if rescue is to be attempted during initial induction phase of treatment (due to progressive deterioration), then ciclosporin (5–7.5 mg/kg p.o. q24h) may be beneficial. If there is no response to the ciclosporin within 5 days and/or the patient continues to deteriorate over that time or if the patient is not tolerant to oral medications, then consider immunoglobulin (0.5–1.0 g/kg i.v. over 6–8 hours). Note that immunoglobulin is best utilized for acute deteriorations. In the non-acute setting, or if long-term control is necessary in a patient that has previously failed all other orally administered drugs, then consider leflunomide (4 mg/kg p.o. q24h).Decreasing dosesMaintain on induction doses until remission (normal PCV with no evidence of ongoing immune activation) is achieved assuming no suspected/known side effects to the drug(s).WeekGlucocorticoid Azathioprine/ Immunosuppressant MMF3 (if used)GI protectants (if used)Remission 1 mg/kg q24hUCUCUC20.5 mg/kg q24h UCUCSTOP40.5 mg/kg every other dayUCSTOP60.25 mg/kg every other dayUC8STOP50% dose reduction10UC12UC14STOPUC = dose unchanged.APPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORMATIONAPPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRAD INDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Appendix II: protocols446General notes:Haematology to be rechecked at each visit (including weeks 14 and 18) and remission confirmed prior to each dose reduction.Liver parameters should be rechecked at remission and weeks 4 and 8 (if on azathioprine).Protocol 2: Feline immune-mediated haemolytic anaemiaInductionImmunosuppression: Prednisolone: 2 mg/kg p.o. q12h and either of the following:• Chlorambucil: >4 kg body weight, 2 mg p.o. q48h; <4 kg body weight, 2 mg p.o. q72h• Mycophenolic acid (MPA): 10 mg/kg p.o. q12h• See Appendix I for safety and handling of chemotherapeutic agents.Mycophenolic acid is preferred if:• Patient has historical evidence of a rapid (>10% in 24 hours) fall in haematocrit prior to presentation• Patient has gross evidence of spontaneous agglutination (as documented by a haematologist)• Patient has evidence of intravascular haemolysis (haemoglobinuria, haemoglobinaemia).If the patient is unable to tolerate oral medications, then dexamethasone (0.6–1.0 mg/kg i.v. q24h) may be substituted for prednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (7–10 mg/kg i.v. q12h) may be substituted for mycophenolic acid.Antithrombotics: Avoid in cats as there is no evidence of efficacy, and risk of side effects.Antibiotics: Not required unless there is a documented infection, known risk of infection (e.g. GI barrier compromise, previous endocarditis) or known exposure to ticks.Gastrointestinal protection: Not required unless GI bleeding has been diagnosed. Effective suppression of gastric acid production is then required. Current evidence suggests that only famotidine and omeprazole will provide this. The practice of administering ranitidine etc. to every animal receiving high doses of steroids is not necessary and likely ineffective.Relapse and rescueSee Protocol 1: Canine immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia and immune-mediated thrombocytopenia for details.Decreasing dosesSee Protocol 1: Canine immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia and immune-mediated thrombocytopenia for details.(NB: reports of feline immune-mediated thrombocytopenia are too rare to provide a protocol for treatment, but it is likely that a similar approach should be adopted.)APPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORM APPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRADE NAMESINDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Appendix II: protocols447Protocol 3: Steroid-responsive meningitisInductionImmunosuppression: Prednisolone: 2 mg/kg p.o. q12h for 2 days and then reduce to 2 mg/kg p.o. q24h for 12 days. Dexamethasone (0.6 mg/kg i.v. q24h) may be substituted for prednisolone for the first 2 days if the patient is unable to tolerate oral medications at first presentation.Remission: If remission is achieved, then 1 mg/kg p.o. q24h for 6 weeks followed by 0.5 mg/kg p.o. q24h for 6 weeks, followed by 0.5 mg/kg p.o. q48h for 6 weeks, followed by 0.5 mg/kg p.o. q72h for 6 weeks, then stop.Relapse: In the event of a relapse during or after completion of the protocol (or if remission is not achieved), then 2 mg/kg p.o. q24h can be re-instigated (or continued if remission not achieved) for a further 2 weeks, and then continued as the 24-week remission protocol.Antibiotics: Not required unless there is a documented infection, known risk of infection (e.g. GI barrier compromise, previous endocarditis) or known exposure to ticks.Gastrointestinal protection: In general not required. Sucralfate is optional, but if given should be given 2 hours before other medications. The practice of administering ranitidine etc. to every animal receiving high doses of steroids is not necessary and likely ineffective.Prednisolone: 2 mg/kg p.o.q12h for 2 days and then2 mg/kg p.o. q24h for 12 daysPrednisolone: 1 mg/kgp.o. q24h for 6 weeksPrednisolone: 2 mg/kgp.o. q24h for 2 weeksPrednisolone: 0.5 mg/kgp.o. q24h for 6 weeksPrednisolone: 0.5 mg/kgp.o. q48h for 6 weeksPrednisolone: 0.5 mg/kgp.o. q72h for 6 weeksPRESENTATIONREMISSION ACHIEVEDREMISSIONNOT YETACHIEVEDRELAPSERESOLUTIONAPPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORMATIONAPPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRAD INDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Appendix II: protocols448Sedation/immobilization protocolsSedative combinations for dogsAcepromazine (ACP) as sole agent: Acepromazine alone is not a particularly effective sedative. For further information see monograph.ACP/opioid mixtures (neuroleptanalgesia): Acepromazine used in combination with opioid analgesics reduces the dose requirement of both components and also the incidence of adverse effects. Acepromazine (0.01–0.05 mg/kg, except in Boxers 0.005–0.01 mg/kg) can be combined with:• Pethidine (2–10 mg/kg i.m.)• Methadone (0.1–0.5 mg/kg i.m., i.v.)• Papaveretum (0.05–0.4 mg/kg i.v., i.m.)• Buprenorphine (0.02–0.03 mg/kg i.v., i.m.• Butorphanol (0.1–0.4 mg/kg i.v., i.m.).Alpha-2 agonists as sole agents: Although authorized for single-agent use, it is generally preferable to use medetomidine or dexmedetomidine in combination with opioids (see below).Recommended dose in dogs and cats of medetomidine is 5–20 g µ(micrograms)/kg i.m. and of dexmedetomidine is 2.5–10 g µ(micrograms)/kg i.m. Repeated dosing is not advised. Although both drugs are authorized for use at up to 4 times these doses, such higher doses are associated with marked effects on cardiopulmonary function. Low doses (1–5 g (micrograms)/kg) of medetomidine or µdexmedetomidine may be given intravenously.Adverse effects may be antagonized with i.m. atipamezole at 5 times the agonist dose rate; the (unauthorized) i.v. route is preferable in critical situations.For information on xylazine see below.The use of alpha-2 agonists for sedation is only recommended in healthy animals.Alpha-2 agonist/opioid mixtures: Including opioids with medetomidine or dexmedetomidine lowers the dose required to achieve a given level of sedation, thereby limiting the marked effects that alpha-2 agonists exert on cardiopulmonary function. If sedation is still inadequate, it is better to proceed to induction of general anaesthesia using an i.v. induction agent, such as alfaxalone or propofol, rather than by giving a repeated or higher dose of alpha-2 agonist.Medetomidine or dexmedetomidine, at the doses described above, can be combined with:• Pethidine (2–10 mg/kg i.m.)• Methadone (0.1–0.5 mg/kg i.m., slow i.v.)• Buprenorphine (0.02–0.03 mg/kg slow i.v., i.m.)• Butorphanol (0.1–0.4 mg/kg slow i.v., i.m.).APPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORM APPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRADE NAMESINDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Appendix II: protocols449Although xylazine (1–3 mg/kg) may be used alone or in combinations with opioids, given i.m. or i.v. (unauthorized), its use in dogs and cats has been superseded by use of medetomidine or dexmedetomidine, and it is not recommended. Adverse effects may be antagonized with i.m. or i.v. atipamezole, although this use is unauthorized.Acepromazine/alpha-2 agonist/opioid mixtures: A mixture of acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg) with any of the combinations given for alpha-2 agonists and alpha-2 agonist/opioid mixtures (higher end of dose ranges) is suitable for the chemical restraint of large, dangerously aggressive dogs. Severe depression can be antagonized using naloxone and atipamezole.Low doses of acepromazine (0.01 mg/kg) and medetomidine (2.5–5 µg (micrograms)/kg) or dexmedetomidine (2.5–5 g (micrograms)/kg) µcombined with opioid agonist drugs provide profound sedation without signs of severe cardiopulmonary depression.Benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine/opioid mixtures:Benzodiazepines do not reliably sedate healthy dogs when used alone; indeed, stimulation ranging from increased motor activity to gross excitation may be seen. The risk of excitation is proportional to the health of the recipient: the chances of producing sedation are highest (but not guaranteed) in very sick cases. Diazepam or midazolam (0.2–0.3 mg/kg i.v.) given during anaesthesia can smooth recovery in animals prone to excitability, provided adequate analgesia is present.Opioid/benzodiazepine mixtures are satisfactory and relatively safe in critically ill animals. These combinations are more effective when given i.v. (with the exception of pethidine). Transient excitation may occur when given by this route. When given i.m., excitation is unlikely although the depth of sedation is also reduced. Midazolam or diazepam at the dose described above can be given with:• Pethidine (2–10 mg/kg i.m.)• Methadone (0.1–0.5 mg/kg i.v., i.m.)• Papaveretum (0.2–0.5 mg/kg i.v., i.m.)• Buprenorphine (0.02–0.03 mg/kg i.v., i.m.)• Butorphanol (0.1–0.4 mg/kg i.v., i.m.)• Fentanyl (0.01 mg/kg slow i.v.).Alfaxalone: Although not authorized for this use, 2 mg/kg i.m. will provide sedation in dogs lasting 10–15 minutes.General notes:• A well-managed light level of general (inhalational) anaesthesia is frequently safer than heavy sedation in sick animals.• Neuroleptanalgesic combinations are safer than alpha-2 agonist/opioid mixtures, but are less likely to produce adequate conditions for minor operations or investigations involving abnormal body positions. Furthermore, only the opioid component can be antagonized.• Most of the aforementioned combinations will have a profound sparing effect on i.v. and inhalational anaesthetics, should a general anaesthetic be required after sedation. This is particularly true of combinations containing alpha-2 agonists.APPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORMATIONAPPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRAD INDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Appendix II: protocols450Sedative combinations for catsAcepromazine: Acepromazine alone is not a particularly effective sedative and increasing the dose incurs the same problems as in dogs. Doses of 0.01–0.1 mg/kg may be given i.v., i.m. or s.c. Cats often require higher doses of acepromazine than dogs to achieve comparable sedation.Neuroleptanalgesia: Neuroleptanalgesic combinations confer the same advantages in cats as in dogs. Acepromazine (0.01–0.1 mg/kg) can be combined with:• Pethidine (2–10 mg/kg i.m.)• Methadone (0.1–0.5 mg/kg i.v., i.m.)• Papaveretum (0.05–0.4 mg/kg i.v., i.m.)• Buprenorphine (0.02–0.03 mg/kg i.v., i.m.)• Butorphanol (0.1–0.4 mg/kg i.v., i.m.).Use the lower end of the dose ranges i.v.Alpha-2 agonists as sole agents and alpha-2 agonist/opioid mixtures:See information given for dogs.Benzodiazepines: Diazepam (0.2–0.3 mg/kg) or midazolam (0.2–0.3 mg/kg) i.v. can provide satisfactory sedation in very sick cats. The inclusion of opioids at doses given for alpha-2 agonist/opioid mixtures may improve conditions, but benzodiazepine/opioid combinations do not provide reliable sedation in most cats.Ketamine and ketamine-based techniques: Ketamine is relatively safe in ill animals, but high doses cause prolonged recoveries and are associated with muscle rigidity. Acepromazine (0.05–0.1 mg/kg) with midazolam (0.25 mg/kg) or diazepam (0.25 mg/kg) and ketamine at 2.5–7.5 mg/kg, mixed and injected i.m., provides good conditions with only modest cardiopulmonary depression. The higher doses of ketamine should be used in excitable animals undergoing more stimulating interventions. Lower doses of acepromazine and/or ketamine may be used in very ill animals, although acepromazine should be avoided in animals with cardiovascular collapse due to vasodilation.Alternatives: Ketamine (2.5 mg/kg) combined with diazepam or midazolam (0.2–0.3 mg/kg) i.v. provides profound sedation which lasts for about 15–20 minutes. Higher doses of ketamine (5 mg/kg) may be required if given i.m. This combination is preferred over ketamine/acepromazine combinations in sick cats. Diazepam can cause pain on injection, therefore, use of midazolam is preferred.Ketamine (5 mg/kg) with medetomidine 10–40 g (micrograms)/kg µi.m. produces profound sedation but should only be used in healthy cats. Atipamezole may be given if severe problems are encountered.Although ketamine elimination depends heavily on renal function in cats, a full recovery still occurs, albeit more slowly, in animals with renal disease or urinary tract obstruction. However, low doses should be used in such cases.APPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORM APPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRADE NAMESINDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Appendix II: protocols451Alfaxalone: Although not authorized for this use, 2 mg/kg i.m. will provide sedation in cats lasting 10–15 minutes.General notes:• Careful handling and restraint to achieve injection of sedative is preferred, but a crush cage is useful for restraining violent cats. If injection of sedatives proves impossible, anaesthesia can be induced using a large induction chamber into which volatile anaesthetic agents can be delivered via an anaesthetic machine. Most of the aforementioned combinations will have a profound sparing effect on i.v. and inhalational anaesthetics should a general anaesthetic be required after sedation. This is particularly true of combinations containing alpha-2 agonists.• The high body surface area to volume ratio of cats results in rapid heat loss compared with dogs. Attention to thermoregulation must be diligent.APPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORMATIONAPPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRAD INDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Index: therapeutic class452Anaesthetics, analgesics and NSAIDsAnti-infectivesAdrenoreceptor antagonistsAtipamezole 33Antiarthritis drugsPentosan polysulphate 298Inhalational anaestheticsHalothane 183Isoflurane 205Nitrous oxide 277Sevoflurane 355Injectable anaestheticsAlfaxalone 9Ketamine 209Propofol 331Zolazepam/Tiletamine 416(see also Sedation/immobilization protocols in the Appendix)Local anaestheticsBupivacaine 48Lidocaine 220Mepivacaine 243Ropivacaine 347Muscle relaxantsAtracurium 35Cisatracurium 82Dantrolene 100 Methocarbamol 248Pancuronium 289Rocuronium 345 Suxamethonium 370Vecuronium 400Non-opioid analgesicsAmantadine 14Tramadol 390 Non-steroidal anti‑inflammatory drugsAspirin 31 Carprofen 59Cimicoxib 78Cinchophen 79Dapsone 101Dimethylsulfoxide 119Firocoxib 158Ketoprofen 212Mavacoxib 236Meloxicam 241Metamizole 245Paracetamol 292Phenylbutazone 305Piroxicam 315 Robenacoxib 344Tolfenamic acid 386Opioid analgesicsAlfentanil 10Buprenorphine 50Butorphanol 52Fentanyl 153 Methadone 246Morphine 265 Papaveretum 291Pethidine 301Tramadol 390 Opioid antagonistsNaloxone 270ParasympatholyticsAtropine 36Glycopyrronium 181SedativesAcepromazine 1Dexmedetomidine 108Diazepam 111 Medetomidine 237Midazolam 257Xylazine 412(see also Sedation/immobilization protocols in the Appendix)SympathomimeticsAdrenaline 5(see also Guidelines for responsible antibacterial use in the Appendix)AntiviralsAciclovir 4Famciclovir 149Ganciclovir 174Lamivudine 215 Zidovudine 414AntibacterialsAminoglycosidesAmikacin 14Framycetin 169Gentamicin 175Neomycin 271Streptomycin 367Tobramycin 383APPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORM APPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRADE NAMESINDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Index: therapeutic class453Anti-infectives continuedBeta-lactamsAmoxicillin 23Ampicillin 25Cloxacillin 91Co-amoxiclav 92Flucloxacillin 160Penicillin G 296Piperacillin 314Ticarcillin 382CarbapenemsImipenem 197CephalosporinsCefalexin 63Cefotaxime 64Cefovecin 65Ceftazidime 66Ceftiofur 67Cefuroxime 68FluoroquinolonesCiprofloxacin 80Enrofloxacin 139Marbofloxacin 232Moxifloxacin 267Ofloxacin 280Orbifloxacin 283Pradofloxacin 321LincosamidesClindamycin 85Lincomycin 222MacrolidesAzithromycin 38Clarithromycin 83Erythromycin 144 Tylosin 398NitrofuransNitrofurantoin 275NitroimidazolesMetronidazole 254 SulphonamidesSilver sulfadiazine 357Trimethoprim/sulphonamide 396TetracyclinesDoxycycline 133Minocycline 260Oxytetracycline 286OthersChloramphenicol 72Clofazimine 87Florfenicol 159Fusidic acid 171Mupirocin 268Polymyxin B 316Rifampin 343Trimethoprim 396AntifungalsAmphotericin B 24Climbazole 84Clotrimazole 90Enilconazole 139Fluconazole 161Flucytosine 162Itraconazole 207 Ketoconazole 211Miconazole 256Nystatin 278Silver sulfadiazine 357Terbinafine 373Tiabendazole 381AntiprotozoalsAllopurinol 11 Amprolium 26Imidocarb dipropionate 196Meglumine antimonate 239Metronidazole 254 Miltefosine 259Pentamidine isethionate 297Pyrimethamine 337Ronidazole 346Sodium stibogluconate 363Toltrazuril 387AnthelminticsDichlorophen 114Emodepside 137Febantel 323, 335Fenbendazole 152Nitroscanate 276Oxantel 335Piperazine 315Praziquantel 323Pyrantel 335APPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORMATIONAPPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRAD INDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Index: therapeutic class454Anti-neoplasticBehaviour modifiersBlood and immune system(see also Safety and handling of chemotherapeutic agents and Chemotherapy protocols for lymphoma in the Appendix)Alkylating agentsBusulfan 51 Chlorambucil 71 Cyclophosphamide 95 Dacarbazine 98Melphalan 242 Anthracycline glycosidesDoxorubicin 132Epirubicin 142AntimetabolitesCytarabine 97Hydroxycarbamide 190 Platinum analoguesCarboplatin 58Vinca alkaloidsVinblastine 402Vincristine 403Antineoplastic NSAIDsPiroxicam 315 Tyrosine kinase inhibitorsMasitinib mesylate 234Toceranib 384OthersAsparaginase/Crisantaspase 30 (crisantapase is listed underasparaginase)Dactinomycin 98Dexrazoxane 110Fluorouracil 164Lomustine 226Methotrexate 250 Mitoxantrone 264Alprazolam 12Amitriptyline 21 α-Casozepine 62Cat appeasing pheromone 62Clomipramine 87Diphenhydramine 121Dog appeasing pheromone 126Doxepin 131Feline facial fraction F3 150Feline facial fraction F4 151Fluoxetine 165Imipramine 198Lorazepam 228Mirtazapine 261 Paroxetine 294Propentofylline 330Selegiline 353Sertraline 354l-Theanine 377Trazodone 392AnticoagulantsAspirin 31 Clopidogrel 90 Heparin (low molecular weight)184Heparin (unfractionated) 185Colony‑stimulating growth factorsDarbepoetin 101 Erythropoietin 145 Filgrastim 156Lenograstim 218Lithium carbonate 225ImmunostimulantsInterferon omega 202ImmunosuppressivesAzathioprine 37 Ciclosporin 75Danazol 99Immunoglobulins 199Leflunomide 217Mycophenolate mofetil 269 Tacrolimus 371APPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORM APPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRADE NAMESINDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Index: therapeutic class455CardiovascularDermatologicalAlpha-blockersPhenoxybenzamine 304 Beta-blockersAtenolol 32 Carvedilol 60Propranolol 332 Antiarrhythmics Amiodarone 18 Digoxin 116 Esmolol 146Mexiletine 255Quinidine 340Sotalol 364 Verapamil 401AntihypertensivesAmlodipine 22 Antiplatelet aggregatorsAspirin 31 Clopidogrel 90 DiureticsAmiloride 15Furosemide 170Hydrochlorothiazide 187Spironolactone 366Torasemide 388Positive inotropesDobutamine 124Dopamine 128Pimobendan 313VasoconstrictorsEphedrine 141VasodilatorsBenazepril 40Diltiazem 117Enalapril 137Glyceryl trinitrate 180Hydralazine 187Imidapril 195Prazosin 324 Ramipril 341Sildenafil 356 Telmisartan 372OthersDexrazoxane 110 Cleansers and sebolyticsBenzoyl peroxide 41Chlorhexidine 73Sodium hypochlorite 362AntihistaminesCetirizine 69Chlorphenamine 74 Clemastine 84 Cyproheptadine 96Diphenhydramine 121Hydroxyzine 192Loratadine 227Promethazine 329Anti‑inflammatory topical steroidsHydrocortisone aceponate 190Anti‑inflammatory – othersArnica 30Nicotinamide 274Oclacitinib 279Sodium cromoglicate 362Ecto- and endoparasiticidesEprinomectin 143Indoxacarb 199Ivermectin 208Milbemycin 258Selamectin 352Spinosad 365EctoparasiticidesAfoxolaner 6Amitraz 20Deltamethrin 103Dinetofuran 120Fipronil 157Flumethrin see ImidaclopridFluralaner 166Imidacloprid 194Lufenuron 228Metaflumizone 244Moxidectin 266Nitenpyram 275Permethrin 300Pyriprole 338Sarolaner 351Tiabendazole 381APPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORMATIONAPPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRAD INDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Index: therapeutic class456EndocrineAbortifacientsAglepristone 7Mifepristone 258Adrenal suppressantsMitotane 263 Trilostane 395Growth hormone stimulantsClonidine 89Proligestone 328Anabolic steroidsNandrolone 270AntidiureticsDesmopressin 105GlucocorticoidsBetamethasone 42Budesonide 47 Dexamethasone 107Fluorometholone 164Fluticasone 167 Hydrocortisone 188Methylprednisolone 251Prednisolone 324Triamcinolone 393Anti‑obesity drugsDirlotapide 123Antithyroid hormonesCarbimazole 57Methimazole see Thiamazole 378Hyperglycaemic drugsDiazoxide 114 Glucagon 177Hypoglycaemic drugsGlipizide 177Insulin 200MineralocorticoidDesoxycortone pivalate 106Fludrocortisone 163 Pituitary hormones and their analoguesChorionic gonadotrophin 75Melatonin 240Somatotropin 363Tetracosactide 376Prolactin inhibitorsCabergoline 54ProstaglandinsDinoprost tromethamine 121Sex hormonesDelmadinone 102Megestrol 238Osaterone 284Proligestone 328Somatostatin analogueOctreotide 279Testosterone inhibitionDeslorelin 104Finasteride 157Thyroid hormonesLiothyronine 223Thyroid stimulating hormone380l-Thyroxine 380Uterine relaxantVetrabutine 402Uterine stimulantOxytocin 287Dermatological continuedEnvironmental ectoparasiticidesMethoprene 249Pyriproxyfen 338Hormonal replacementsSee EndocrineImmunosuppressivesCiclosporin 75VasodilatorPentoxifylline 299 APPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORM APPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRADE NAMESINDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Index: therapeutic class457Genito-urinary tractGastrointestinal and hepaticAntibacterialsBismuth salts 45AntidiarrhoealsDiphenoxylate 122 Kaolin 209Loperamide 227Motility modifiersCisapride 81Ispaghula 206Sterculia 367AntispasmodicButylscopolamine 53AntiemeticsDomperidone 127Maropitant 233Metoclopramide 252Ondansetron 282 Prochlorperazine 327Propantheline 329AntifibroticColchicine 94 Anti‑inflammatory drugsBudesonide 47 Olsalazine 281Sulfasalazine 369 Chelating agentsPenicillamine 294Trientine 394AntifibroticColchicine 94 Urinary acidifiersMethionine 248Urinary alkalinizersPotassium citrate 319Urinary antisepticsMethenamine 247Urethral relaxantsDiazepam 111 Phenoxybenzamine 304 Tamsulosin hydrochloride 371Urinary incontinenceEphedrine 141Estriol 147Phenylpropanolamine 307Propantheline 329Urinary retentionBethanecol 44UrolithiasisAllopurinol 11 Penicillamine 294Potassium citrate 319Phosphate bindersCalcium acetate 54Chitosan 70Lanthanum carbonate 215Sevelamer hydrochloride 355Anti-oxidantsS-Adenosylmethionine 349Silybin 358CholereticsUrsodeoxycholic acid 399 Digestive enzymesPancreatic enzyme supplements 288EmeticsApomorphine 27Xylazine 412LaxativesBisacodyl 44Bowel cleansing solutions 45Docusate sodium 125Lactulose 214 Paraffin 293Phosphate enema 311Sodium citrate 361Ulcer-healing drugsAluminium antacids 13Cimetidine 77Famotidine 149 Misoprostol 262 Omeprazole 281 Pantoprazole 290Ranitidine 342 Sucralfate 368 APPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORMATIONAPPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRAD INDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Index: therapeutic class458Neuromuscular systemNutritional/fluidsAnticholinesterasesEdrophonium 135Neostigmine 272Pyridostigmine 336 AntiepilepticsClonazepam 88Diazepam 111 Gabapentin 173 Imepitoin 193Levetiracetam 218 Midazolam 257Phenobarbital 302Phenytoin 308Potassium bromide 317Pregabalin 326 Topiramate 388Zonisamide 418EuthanasiaPentobarbital 297Secobarbital 351Osmotic diureticMannitol 231OthersAcetazolamide 2(see also table of composition of intravenous fluids in the Appendix)Nutritional supplementsAmino acid solutions 16Arginine 29Glutamine 179Lipid infusions 223CrystalloidsSodium chloride 360Glucose supplementsGlucose 178Mineral and electrolyte supplementsCalcium salts 55Iron salts 204Magnesium salts 230Phosphate 310Potassium salts 320Sodium bicarbonate 359Zinc salts 415Plasma substitutesGelatine 174Vitamin supplementsNicotinamide 274Vitamin A 404Vitamin B complex 405Vitamin B1 406Vitamin B12 407Vitamin C 407Vitamin D 408 Vitamin E 410Vitamin K1 410 MetabolicAntidotesAcetylcysteine 2Antivenom (European Adder) 27Charcoal 69Colestyramine 94Deferoxamine 102Dexrazoxane 110Dimercaprol 119Edetate calcium disodium 135Ethanol 147Fomepizole 168Methylthioninium chloride 252Penicillamine 294Pralidoxime 322Protamine sulphate 334Tetanus antitoxin 375Anti‑hypercalcaemicsAlendronate 8Clodronate 86Pamidronate 288Zoledronate 417AntitoxinsTetanus antitoxin 375APPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORM APPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRADE NAMESINDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Index: therapeutic class459Respiratory systemOphthalmicAntiviralsAciclovir 4Ganciclovir 174Lysine 229 AntibacterialsCiprofloxacin 80Moxifloxacin 267Ofloxacin 280Anti‑inflammatory steroidsFluorometholone 164Glaucoma therapyApraclonidine 28Betaxolol 43Brinzolamide 46Dorzolamide 129Latanoprost 216Timolol maleate 383Travoprost 391Miotic/lacrymimeticPilocarpine 312MydriaticsAtropine 36Phenylephrine 306Tropicamide 397Non-steroidal anti‑inflammatory drugsDiclofenac 115Flurbiprofen 167Ketorolac 213Tear substitutesCarbomer 980 58Hyaluronate 186Hypromellose 192Polyvinyl alcohol 317Topical anaestheticsProxymetacaine 334Tetracaine 375ImmunosuppressivesCiclosporin 75Tacrolimus 371Anti‑inflammatory steroidsFluticasone 167 AntitussivesCodeine 93Pholcodine 309BronchodilatorsAminophylline 17Propentofylline 330Salbutamol 350 Terbutaline 374Theophylline 377MucolyticsBromhexine 47Nasal decongestantsOxymetazoline 285Phenylpropanolamine 307Respiratory stimulantsDoxapram 130Veterinary surgeons should supply written information to clients about the drugs that they prescribe. Client Information Leaflets ( ) on many unauthorized preparations are available for BSAVA members to download from the BSAVA website.APPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORMATIONAPPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRAD INDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Index: generic and trade names460Generic names are in plain type. Trade names are in italics; asterisks denote products not authorized for use in veterinary species.Client Information Leaflets ( ) available for BSAVA members to download from the BSAVA website (www.bsava.com)Abelcet* 24Acclaim spray 249Acepromazine 1, 448–50Acetaminophen see Paracetamol 292Acetazolamide 2Acetylcysteine 2Acetylsalicyclic acid see Aspirin 31 CILAciclovir 4Acidex* 13ACP see Acepromazine 1ACTH see Tetracosactide 376Actidose-Aqua* 69Actimarbo 232Actinomycin-D see Dactinomycin 98 Activated charcoal 69Activyl 199Activyl Tick Plus 199, 300Actrapid* 200Adaptil 126Adaxio 73, 256S-Adenosylmethionine 349ADH see Desmopressin 105Adizem* 117Adrenaline 5Adriamycin see Doxorubicin 132 Advantage 194Advantix 300Advocate 266Afoxolaner 6Afrin 285Aglepristone 7Aknemin* 260Alcohol* 147Aldactone* 366Alendronate 8Alendronate sodium 8Alfacalcidol* 408Alfaxalone 9, 448, 449, 451Alfaxan 9Alfentanil 10Alizin 7Alkeran* 242Allopurinol 11 CILAlpha tocopheryl acetate see Vitamin E 410Alphaxalone see AlfaxaloneAlprazolam 12Alucap* 13Aludex 20Aluminium antacids 13Aluminium hydroxide seeAluminium antacids 13Alvegesic 52Alzane 34Amantadine 14AmBisome* 24Amethocaine see Tetracaine 375Amethocaine hydrochloride* 375Amfipen 26Amikacin 14, 435Amikin* 14Amiloride 15Amiloride Hydrochloride* 15Amino acid solutions 16Aminophylline 17Aminoplasmal* 16Aminoven* 16Amiodarone 18 Amitraz 20Amitriptyline 21 CILAmlodipine 22 CILe* 22Amoxibactin 23 Amoxicillin 23, 435Amoxicillin/Clavulanate see Co-amoxiclav 92Amoxycare 23Amoxycillin see Amoxicillin 23Amoxypen 23Amphocil* 24Amphotericin B 24, 435Ampicare 26Ampicillin 26, 435Amprolium 27Ancotil* 162Anesketin 209Anivit 4BC 405Anivit B12 250 and 1000 407Antepsin* 368Antepsin suspension* 368Antirobe 85Antisedan 34Antisept 73Antivenom (European Adder) 27Antizol* 168Apometic 28Apomorphine 28APPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORM APPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRADE NAMESINDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Index: generic and trade names461Apoquel 279Apraclonidine 29Apresoline* 187Aprokam* 68Aqupharm 55, 178, 360Ara-C see Cytarabine 97Aranesp* 101Arava* 217Aredia* 288Arginine 29Arnica 30Arnicare* 30Ascorbic acid see Vitamin C 407Asilone* 13Asparaginase 31, 440–1, 443 Aspirin 31, 436, 444–5 Aspirin BP* 31AT 10* 408Atarax* 192Atenolol 33 CILAtipam 34Atipamezole 34, 448–50Ativan* 228Atopica 75Atopica Cat 75Atracurium 35Atrocare 36Atropine 36, 122Augmentin* 92Aurizon 107, 232, 421Auroto ear drops 381Anxitane 377Azarga* 46, 383Azathioprine 37, 436, 444–6 Azidothymidine see Zidovudine 414Azithromycin 38Azopt* 46AZT see Zidovudine 414Bactroban* 268Baytril 139Benadryl* 121Benazepril 40Benefortin 40Benylin Children’s Dry Cough Mixture* 309Benzoyl peroxide 41Benzyl penicillin see Penicillin G 296Beta Cardone* 364Betamethasone 42Betamox 23Betaxolol 43Bethanecol 44Betnesol* 42Betoptic* 43Bilosin 398Bimoxyl 23Bisacodyl 44Bismuth salts 45Bisolvon 47Bob Martin Flea Tablets 275Bonefos* 86Bowel cleansing solutions 45Bravecto 166Brevibloc* 146Brexidol* 315Bricanyl* 374Brinzolamide 46British anti-lewisite see Dimercaprol 119Broadline 143, 157, 249, 323Bromhexine 47Bromilep 317Buccolam* 257Budelin* 47Budenofalk* 47Budenofalk Rectal Foam* 47Budesonide 47 CILBupaq 50Bupivacaine 48Buprecare 50Buprenodale 50Buprenorphine 50, 448–50Buprevet 50Buscopan 53Buscopan Compositum 245Busilvex* 51Busulfan 51 Butorphanol 52, 448–50Butylscopolamine 53Cabergoline 54CaEDTA see Edetate calcium disodium 135Calcibor 55Calcichew* 55Calcijex* 408Calcitriol* 408Calcium acetate 54Calcium salts 55 Camcolit* 225Canaural 169, 171, 278, 421Canesten* 90Canidryl 59Caninsulin 200Capstar 275Carafate* 368Carbimazole 57APPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORMATIONAPPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRAD INDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Index: generic and trade names462Carbomer 980 58Carboplatin 58Carboxamide* 98Cardalis 40, 366Cardevidol* 60Cardioxane* 110Cardisure 313Carprodyl 59Carprofen 59Carprox Vet 59Cartrophen 298Carvedilol 60α-Casozepine 62Catacrom* 362Cat appeasing pheromone 62Catapres* 89Cazitel 323, 335CCNU see Lomustine 226Cefalexin 63, 435Cefaseptin 63Cefenil 67Cefotaxime 64, 436Cefovecin 65Ceftazidime 66Ceftiofur 67Cefuroxime 68CellCept* 269Cephacare 63Cephalexin see Cefalexin 63Cephorum 63Ceporex 63Cerenia 233Certifect 20, 157, 249Cestem 323, 335Cetirizine 69Chanazine 412Charcoal 69Charcodote* 69Chitosan 70Chlorambucil 71, 440–1, 443, 446 Chloramphenicol 72, 435, 436Chlorhexidine 73Chlorogen* 72Chlorohex* 72Chloromycetin Ophthalmic Ointment* 72Chloromycetin Redidrops* 72Chlorphenamine 74 CILChlorpheniramine 74 Cholestyramine see Colestyramine 94Chorionic gonadotrophin 75Chorulon 75Ciclosporin 75, 445Ciloxan* 80Cimalgex 78Cimetidine 77Cimicoxib 78 Cinchophen 79Ciprofloxacin 80Ciproxin* 80Circadin 240Cisapride 81Cisatracurium 82Clamoxyl 23Clarithromycin 83Clavabactin 92Clavaseptin 92Clavucill 92Clavudale 92Clear Double Action Spot-on Solution 194Clearspot 194Clemastine 84Clexane (enoxaparin)* 184Climbazole 84Clinacin 85Clinagel Vet 175Clindacyl 85Clindamycin 85, 424, 436Clindaseptin 85Clinimix* 16ClinOleic* 223Clodronate 86Clofazimine 87Clomicalm 87Clomipramine 87Clonazepam 88Clonidine 89Clopidogrel 90 CILClotrimazole 90Cloxacillin 91CLX wipes 73, 84Co-amilozide* 187Co-amoxiclav 92Co-danthrusate* 125Co-Trimazine 396Codeine 93Colchicine 94 Colecalciferol (vitamin D3) seeVitamin D 408Colestyramine 94Combimox 92Comfortan 246Comfortis 365Convenia 65Co-phenotrope see Diphenoxylate 122Cordarone* 18Cordycepic acid see Mannitol 231APPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORM APPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRADE NAMESINDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Index: generic and trade names463Corsodyl* 73Cortiment* 47Corvental-D 377Cosmegen* 98CosmoFer* 204CoSopt* 129, 383Crisantaspase see Asparaginase 95 Cromolux* 362Crystapen 296Cyanocobalamin see Vitamin B12 407Cyclavance 75Cyclophosphamide 95, 436, 439–44 CILCyclosporin(e) see Ciclosporin 75Cyproheptadine 96Cystopurin* 319Cytamen 407Cytarabine 97Cytosar-U* 97Cytosine arabinoside see Cytarabine 97Cytotec* 262Dacarbazine 98Dactinomycin 98Daktarin* 256Dalteparin 184Danazol 99Danol* 99Dantrium* 100Dantrolene 100 CILDapsone 101Daraprim* 337Darbepoetin 101 CILDarrow’s solution 430DDAVP* 105o,p’-DDD see Mitotane 263Decadurabolin* 270Deferoxamine 102Delmadinone 102Deltamethrin 103Delvosteron 328Demerol* 301Denamarin 349, 358De-Noltab* 45Denosyl 349Depocillin 296Depo-Medrone 251Deponit* 180l-Deprenyl see Selegiline 353Desferal* 102Desferrioxamine see Deferoxamine 102Deslorelin 104Desmopressin 105Desmospray* 105Desmotabs* 105Desoxycortisone pivalate seeDesoxycortone pivalate 106Desoxycortone pivalate 106Destolit* 399Desitrend* 218Desyrel* 392Devomycin 367Dexadreson 107Dexafort 107Dexa-ject 107Dexamethasone 107, 421, 444, 446–7Dexdomitor 108Dexmedetomidine 108, 448–9Dexrazoxane 110Dextrose see Glucose 178Diafer* 204Diamox SR* 2Diareze* 227Diazemuls* 111Diazepam 111, 436, 449–50 Diazepam Rectubes* 111Diazoxide 114 CILDibenyline* 304Dichlorophen 114Diclofenac 115Diflucan* 161Digoxin 116, 435 CIL1,25-dihydroxycolecalciferol (active vitamin D3) see Vitamin D 408Dilcardia* 117Diltiazem 117Dimazon 170Dimercaprol 119Dimethylsulfoxide 119Dinetofuran 120Dinoprost tromethamine 121Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate seeDocusate sodium 125Dioctyl* 125Dipentum* 281Dipeptiven 179Diphenhydramine 121Diphenoxylate 122 CILDiphenylhydantoin see Phenytoin 308Diphenylpyraline seePhenylpropanolamine 307 Dipyrone see Metamizole 245 Dirlotapide 123Distamine* 294APPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORMATIONAPPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRAD INDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Index: generic and trade names464DMSO 119Dobutamine 124Dobutrex* 124Docusate sodium 125Docusol* 125Dog appeasing pheromone 126Dolagis 59Dolethal 297Dolorex 52Dolpac 323, 335Domitor 237Domperidone 127Dopamine 128Dopram-V 130Dorbene 237Dormilan 237Dorzolamide 129Dorzolamide with Timolol* 129Douxo Pyo 73, 84Doxapram 130Doxepin 131Doxion 349, 358Doxorubicin 132, 432, 436, 440–4Doxycycline 133, 436Droncit 323, 335Droncit Spot-on 323Drontal 323, 335DSS 125DTIC* 98Dulcobalance* 45Dulcolax* 44Duowin 338Duphacort 107Duphafral Extravite 405Duphalac* 214Duphalyte 16, 430Dupharal 405Duphatrim 396Duramorph* 266Durogesic* 153Easotic 175, 190, 256, 421Ectoline 338Edetate calcium disodium 135Edrophonium 135Edrophonium Injection BP* 135Efcortesol* 188Efex 232Effipro 338Efudix* 164Elspar* 31Emeprid 252EMLA 220Emodepside 137Enacard 137Enalapril 137Endectrid 266Endoguard 323, 335Endoxana* 95Engemycin 286Enilconazole 139Enisyl 229Enlon*(US) 135Enrocare 139Enrofloxacin 139Enrotron 139Enrox 139Enroxil 139Entocort* 47Entonox* 277Enurace 141Enzaprost 121Epanutin* 308Ephedrine 141Ephedrine hydrochloride* 1414’-Epi-doxorubicin see Epirubicin 142Epilease 317Epinephrine see Adrenaline 5Epiphen 302Epirubicin 142Epityl 302Epoetin alfa and beta see Erythropoietin 145Eprex* 145Eprinomectin 143Epivir* 215Erwinase* 31Erythrocin 144Erythromycin 144 CILErythroped* 144Erythropoietin 145 CILEsmeron* 345Esmolol 146Estriol 147Ethanol 147N-ethyl- -glutamine lseel-Theanine 377S-Etiracetam 218Eudemine* 114Euthatal 297Exocin* 280Famciclovir 149Famotidine 149 CILFamvir* 149Fansidar* 337Febantel see Pyrantel 335Feldene* 315Felifriend 151APPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORM APPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRADE NAMESINDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Index: generic and trade names465Felimazole 378Feliway 150Feline facial fraction F3 150Feline facial fraction F4 151Feline facial pheromone F3 150Feline facial pheromone F4 151 Feliway 150Feliway Friends 62Fenbendazole 152Fenoflox 139Fentadon 153Fentanyl 153, 449 Fentora* 153Ferrous fumarate see Iron salts 204Ferrous gluconate see Iron salts 204 Ferrous sulphate see Iron salts 204Filgrastim 156Finasteride 157Fipronil 157Firocoxib 158FK 506 see Tacrolimus 3714fleas 1944fleas spot-on 338Flomaxtra* 371Flamazine* 357Fleet Enema* 311Fletchers’ Phosphate Enema* 311Flixotide* 167Flomax relief* 371Florfenicol 159Floxabactin 139Floxapen* 160Flucloxacillin 160Fluconazole 161Flucytosine 162Fludrocortisone 163 CILFludrocortisone acetate* 163 Flumethrin see Imidacloprid 194Fluorometholone 164Fluorouracil 164, 436Fluothane 183Fluoxetine 165Fluralaner 166Flurbiprofen 167Fluticasone 167 CILFML Liquifilm* 164Fomepizole 168Fortekor 40Fortekor-Plus 40, 313Fortum* 66Fosamax* 8Fosrenol* 215Foston 310Fragmin (dalteparin)* 184Framycetin 169Frontect 157, 300Frontline 157Frontline Combo/Plus 157 249, Frusecare 170Frusedale 170Frusemide see Furosemide 170Frusol* 1705-FU see Fluorouracil 164Fungiconazole 211Fungizone* 24Furadantin* 275Furosemide 170, 436, 441–3Fusidic acid 171Gabapentin 173 CILGabapentinum see Gabapentin 173 Galastop 54Galenphol* 309Gammagard* 199Ganciclovir 174Gastrocote* 13Gastrogard 281Gaviscon Advance* 13G-CSF 156Gelatine 174Gelofusine 174Genotropin* 363Genta 175Gentamicin 175, 421, 435Genticin* 175Glamin* 16Gleptrosil 204Glipizide 177Glucagen 177Glucagon 177Glucantime* 239Glucose 17850% Glucose for injection 178Glutamine 179Glyceryl trinitrate 180Glycopyrrolate 181Glycopyrronium 181Glycopyrronium Bromide Andipharm* 272Granocyte* 218Granofen 152Granulocyte colony stimulating factor 156Green tea leaf extract seel-Theanine 377Growth hormone see Somatotropin 363APPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORMATIONAPPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRAD INDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Index: generic and trade names466Haemaccel 174Halothane 183Harkers Pigeon Coccidiosis Treatment 27hCG see Chorionic gonadotrophin 75Heparin (low molecular weight) 184Heparin (unfractionated) 185Heparin* 185Hepaticare* 349, 358Hepatosupport 349, 358Hepatosyl Plus 349, 358Hepsal* 185Hexamine hippurate see Methenamine 247Hibiscrub 73Hiprex* 247Human chorionic gonadotrophin see Chorionic gonadotrophin 75Humatrope* 363Humulin* 200Hyabak* 186Hyaluronate 186Hydralazine 187, 436Hydrea* 190Hydrochlorothiazide 187Hydrocortisone 188Hydrocortisone aceponate 190Hydroxocobalamin see Vitamin B12 407Hydroxycarbamide 190 CILHydroxyurea seeHydroxycarbamide 190Hydroxyzine 192Hylo-Forte* 186Hylo-Tear* 186Hyoscine see Butylscopolamine 53Hyperamine* 16Hypercard 117Hypertonic saline 360Hypnovel* 257Hypochlorous acid see Sodium hypochlorite 362Hypovase* 324Hypromellose 192Hypurin* 200Ilube* 2Imaverol 139Imepitoin 193Imidacloprid 194Imidapril 195Imidazole 98Imidocarb dipropionate 196Imipenem 197Imipramine 198Imizol 196Immunoglobulins 199Imodium* 227Imuran* 37Incurin 147Indorex 300Indorex household spray 338Indoxacarb 199Inflacam 241Insulatard* 200Insulin 200Intal* 362Intensol* 228Interferon omega 202Intra-epicaine 243Intrafusin* 16Intralipid* 223Intubeaze 220Iopidine* 29Ipakitine 70Iron dextran see Iron salts 204Iron salts 204Isaderm 42, 171Isathal 171Isoba 205Isocare 205Isofane 205IsoFlo 205Isoflurane 205Isoflurane Vet 205Isogel* 206Isopto* 192Isotretinoin see Vitamin A 404Isotrex* 404Isotrexin* 404Ispagel* 206Ispaghula 206Istin* 22Itraconazole 207 CILItrafungol 207Ivelip* 223Ivermectin 208Ivomec 208 Johnson’s 4 Fleas 275Kabiven* 16Kabiven Peripheral* 16Kaminox 320Kaogel VP 209Kaolin 209Katalax* 293Kelactin 54APPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORM APPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRADE NAMESINDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Index: generic and trade names467Kelapril 40Kemicetine* 72Kenalog* 393Keppra* 218Kesium 92Ketamine 209, 450Ketaset injection 209Ketavet 209Ketoconazole 211Ketofen 212Ketoprofen 212Ketorolac 213Kinidin Durules* 340Kiovig* 199Klaricid* 83Klean-Prep* 45Klonopin* 88Konakion* 410Lacri-Lube* 293Lactated Ringer’s solution 430Lactugal* 214Lactulose 214 CILLaevolac* 214Lamisil* 373Lamivudine 215Lanoxin* 116Lanoxin PG* 116Lanthanum carbonate 215Lantus* 200Latanoprost 216Laurabolin 270Ledclair* 135Leflunomide 217, 445Lenograstim 218Lethobarb 297Leukeran* 71Leventa 380Levetiracetam 218 CILLevothyroxine see -Thyroxine 380lLibeo 170Libromide 317Lidocaine 220, 436Lidoderm* 220Lignadrin 220Lignocaine see Lidocaine 220Lignol 220Lincocin 222Lincoject 222Lincomycin 222Linotril* 88Liothyronine 223Lipid infusions 223Lipidem* 223Lipofundin* 223Liqui-Char* 69Liquid paraffin see Paraffin 293Liquid paraffin oral emulsion* 293Liquifilm Tears* 317Liskonum* 225Lithium carbonate 225Locaine 220Locovetic 220Lomotil* (with atropine) 122Lomustine 226Loperamide 227Loratadine 227Lorazepam 228Loron* 86Losec* 281Lotriderm* 90Loxicom 241Lubrithal 58Lufenuron 228Lustral* 354Lutalyse 121Lyovac* 98Lypex* 288Lyrica* 326Lysine 229Lysodren* 263Lysovir* 14Maalox* 13Macrogol see Bowel cleansing solutions 45 Magnesium salts 230Magnesium sulphate injection BP (Vet) 25% w/v 230Malaseb 73, 256Mannitol 231Marbocare 232Marbocyl 232Marbodex 232Marbofloxacin 232Marbotab 232Marboxidin 232Marcain* 48Marfloquin 232Maropitant 233Masitinib mesylate 234Masivet 234Matrex* 250Mavacoxib 236Maxidex* 42, 107Maxitrol* 107, 271Maxolon* 252Meclastin 84Medetomidine 237, 448–9Medetor 237APPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORMATIONAPPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRAD INDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Index: generic and trade names468Medrone 251Megestrol 238Meglumine antimonate 239Megoestrol see Megestrol 238Melatonin 240Meloxicam 241Meloxidyl 241Meloxivet 241Melphalan 242, 440–1 Meperidine see Pethidine 301Mepivacaine 243Mepradec* 281Mestinon* 336Metacam 241Metaflumizone 244Metamizole 245Metformin 176Methadone 246, 448–50Methenamine 247Methimazole see Thiamazole 378Methionine 248Methocarbamol 248Methoprene 249Methotrexate 250 CILMethylene blue seeMethylthioninium chloride 252Methylprednisolone 2514-Methylpyrazole see Fomepizole 168Methylthioninium chloride 252Metoclopramide 252Metomotyl 252Metrobactin 254Metrolyl* 257Metronidazole 254, 424, 436 Mexiletine 255Mexitil* 255Micolette* 361Miconazole 256Micralax* 361Microbex 73Midazolam 257, 449–50Mifegyne* 258Mifepristone 258Milbactor 323Milbemax 258, 323Milbemycin 258Milk thistle see Silybin 358Milteforan 259Milpro 323Miltefosine 259Mineral oil see Paraffin 293Minims* 72Minitran* 180Minocin* 260Minocycline 260Minodiab* 177Mirtazapine 261 CILMisoprostol 262 CILMitotane 263 CILMitoxantrone 264MMF see Mycophenolate mofetil 269Modulis 75Moduret* 187Moduretic* 187Molipaxin* 392Monofer* 204Monovent* 374Montmorillonite 268Monzaldon 402Morphine 265, 436 CILMotilium* 127Moviprep* 45Moxidectin 266Moxifloxacin 267Moxivig* 267Mucogel* 13Multi-parasite 266Multivitamin injection 405Mupirocin 268Mycinor 85Mycophenolate mofetil 269, 444, 446 CILMycophenolic acid seeMycophenolate mofetil 269Mycozole 259Mydriacyl* 397Myfortic* 269Myleran* 51Myotonine* 44Nalcrom* 362Naloxone 270Naloxone* 270Nandrolone 270Narcan* 270Narketan-10 209Naropin 347Nebcin* 383Nelio 40Neo-Cytamen (hydroxocobalamin) 407Neomycin 271Neopen 271, 296Neorecormon* 145Neostigmine 272Neostigmine injection BP* 272Nerfasin 412N-ethyl- -glutamine lseel-Theanine 377APPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORM APPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRADE NAMESINDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Index: generic and trade names469Neupogen* 156Neurontin* 173Nexgard 6Nexgard Spectra 6, 258Niacinamide see Nicotinamide 274Nicotinamide 274Nimbex* 82Nisinject 92Nitenpyram 275Nitrocine* 180Nitro-Dur* 180Nitrofurantoin 275, 435Nitroglycerin(e) see Glyceryl trinitrate 180Nitronal* 180Nitroscanate 276Nitrous oxide 277Nivemycin* 271Norcuron* 400Norditropin* 363Norgalax* 125Norimode* 227Normacol* 367Norocillin 296Noroclav 92Norodine 396Norofol 331NorOtic 232Novantrone* 264Novifit 349Nutriflex* 16Nystan* 278Nystatin 278Nytol* 121Oclacitinib 279Octreotide 279Ocufen* 167Oestriol see Estriol 147 Ofloxacin 280Oleptro* 392Olsalazine 281Omegaven* 223Omeprazole 281 CILOmnopon* 291Oncovin* 403Ondansetron 282 CILOne-alpha* 408Onsior 344o,p’-DDD see Mitotane 263Opticlox 91Opticrom* 362Optimmune 75Optrex* 72Optrex allergy Pollinase* 362Oramorph* 265Orbax 283Orbenin 91Orbifloxacin 283Ornicure 133Osaterone 284Osurnia 42, 159, 373Otimectin Vet 208Otodine* 73Otomax 42, 175, 421Ovarid 238Oxantel see Pyrantel 335Oxyal* 186Oxycare 286Oxymetazoline 285Oxypentifylline see Pentoxifylline 299 Oxypolygelatine see Gelatine 174 Oxytetracycline 286, 435, 436Oxytocin 287Oxytocin S 287Palladia 384Pamidronate 288Panacur 152Pancreatic Enzyme for cats and dogs 288Pancreatic enzyme supplements 288Pancuronium 289Panomec 208Pantoprazole 290Panzym* 288Papaveretum 291, 448–50Paracetamol 292Paraffin 293Paraplatin* 58Pardale-V 93, 292Paroxetine 294Parvolex* 2Paxcutol 41Paxil* 294Pendramine* 294Penicillamine 294Penicillin G 296, 424Pentacarinat* 297Pentamidine isethionate 297Pentobarbital 297, 436Pentobarbital for euthanasia 297Pentobarbitone see Pentobarbital 297Pentoject 297Pentosan polysulphate 298Pentostam* 363Pentoxifylline 299 CILAPPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORMATIONAPPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRAD INDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Index: generic and trade names470Pepcid* 150Peptac* 13Pepto-Bismol* 45Percutol* 180Perfalgan 292Periactin* 96Peridale 367Permethrin 300Pethidine 301, 448–50Pexion 193Pharmorubicin* 142Phenergan* 329Phenobarbital 302, 436Phenobarbitone see Phenobarbital 302Phenoleptil 302Phenoxybenzamine 304 Phenylbutazone 305Phenylephrine 306Phenylephrine hydrochloride* 306Phenylpropanolamine 307Phenytoin 308Pheromones see Dog appeasing pheromone 126 Pheromones see Feline facial fraction F3 150Pheromones see Feline facial fraction F4 151Pholcodine 309Phosex* 54PhosLo* 54Phosphate 310Phosphate enema 311Phosphate-Sandoz* 310Phytomenadione see Vitamin K1 410Pilocarpine 312Pilocarpine hydrochloride* 312Pimobendan 313Pimocard 313Piperacillin 314Piperazine 315Piriproxifen 1% premix for dogs 338Piriteze* 69Piriton* 74Piroxicam 315 CILPlavix* 90PLT 324PLT tablets 79Polyethylene glycol see Bowel cleansing solutions 45Polyfax* 316Polygeline see Gelatine 174Polymyxin B 316Polyvinyl alcohol 317Posatex 283, 421Posiject* 124Potassium bromide 317Potassium chloride see Potassium salts 320Potassium citrate 319Potassium gluconate seePotassium salts 320Potassium phosphate seePhosphate 310Potassium salts 320Potentiated sulphonamides see Trimethoprim/Sulphonamide396Powerflox 139Prac-tic 338Pradofloxacin 321Pralidoxime 322Praziquantel 323Prazitel 323, 335Prazosin 324 CILPred-forte* 324Prednicare 324Prednidale 324Prednisolone 324, 421, 427, 439–42, 444, 446–7Pregabalin 326 CILPrevicox 158Priadel* 225Prilactone 366Prilben 40Prilium 195Prilocard 341Primaxin* 197Prinovox 266Pro-Banthine* 329Procare 331Prochlorperazine 327Procox 137, 387Pro-Enzorb* 288pro-Epanutin* 308Profender 137, 323Program 228Program plus 258Prokolin 209Proligestone 328Promeris 244Promeris Duo 244Promethazine 329Propalin 307Propantheline 329Proparacaine see Proxymetacaine 334Propentofylline 330PropoFlo Plus 331Propofol 331, 448APPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORM APPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRADE NAMESINDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Index: generic and trade names471PropoFol 331Propofol-Lipuro Vet 331Propranolol 332, 436 Proscar* 157Prostaglandin F2 see Dinoprost tromethamine 121Protamine sulphate 334Protium* 290Protopic* 371Proxymetacaine 334Prozac* 165Pseudomonic acid A see Mupirocin 268Psyllium see Ispaghula 206Pulmadox 133Pulmicort* 47Pyrantel 335Pyridostigmine 336 CILPyrimethamine 337Pyriprole 338Pyriproxyfen 338Pyriproxyfen 1% premix for dogs338Questran* 94Quiflor 232Quinalbarbitone/Cincochaine see Secobarbital 351Quinidine 340Quinidine sulphate* 340Quinoflox 139Ramipril 341Ranitidine 342 CILRapidexon 107Rapifen* 10Rapinovet 331Reconcile 165Recuvyra 153Refresh* 317Regulan* 206Relaxit* 361Remend Corneal Lubricant* 186Remend Corneal Repair Gel* 186Renagel 355Renalzin 215Retin-A 407Retinol see Vitamin A 404Retrovir* 414Revatio* 356Revertor 34Rheumocam 241rhG-CSF see Lenograstim 218Rifadin* 343Rifampicin see Rifampin 343Rifampin 343Rilexine 63Rimactane* 343Rimadyl 59Rimifin 59Rimso-50* 119Ringer’s solution 430R.I.P. fleas 249Ritalmex* 255Rivotril* 88Roaccutane* 404Robaxin* 248Robenacoxib 344Robinul* 181Rocaltrol* 408Rocuronium 345Rompun 412Ronaxan 133Ronidazole 346Ropivacaine 347S-Adenosylmethionine 349Salazopyrin* 369Salbutamol 350 CILSAMe see S -Adenosylmethionine 349Samylin 349, 358Sandostatin* 279Sandostatin LAR 279Sarolaner 351Savlon* 73Scalibor Protectorband 103Secobarbital 351Securon* 401Sedastart 237Sedastop 34Sedator 237Sedaxylan 412Sededorm 237Selamectin 352Selegiline 353Selgian 353Semintra 372Sensorcaine* 48Septrin* 396Seroxat* 294Sertraline 354S-Etiracetam 218Setofilm* 282Sevelamer hydrochloride 355SevoFlo 355Sevoflurane 355Sildenafil 356 CILSileo 108Silibinin see Silybin 358 APPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORMATIONAPPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRAD INDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Index: generic and trade names472Silver sulfadiazine 357Silybin 358Silymarin see Silybin 358Simparica 351S-Methoprene see Methoprene 249Simple eye ointment* 293Sinepin* 131Sinequan* 131Slentrol 123Slozem* 117Sno Tears* 317Sodium acid phosphate see Phosphate enema 311Sodium bicarbonate 359Sodium chloride 360Sodium chromoglycate see Sodium cromoglicate 362Sodium citrate 361Sodium cromoglicate 362Sodium hypochlorite 362Sodium stibogluconate 363Softiflox 232Soloxine 380Solu-cortef* 188Solu-Medrone 251Somatotropin 363Somulose 351Sotacor* 364Sotalol 364 CILSotalol* 364Spinosad 365Spiramycin see Metronidazole 254Spironolactone 366Sporanox* 207Sporimmune 75Staykill 249Stemetil* 327Sterculia 367Stesolid* 111Stomorgyl 254Streptomycin 367, 435Stronghold 352Sublimaze* 153Succinylcholine see Suxamethonium 370Sucralfate 368 CILSulfasalazine 369 CILSulphasalazine* 369Sulphonamide see Trimethoprim/ Sulphonamide 396Suntheanine see -Theanine 377lSuprelorin 104Surolan 256, 316, 421Suxamethonium 370Symmetrel* 14Synacthen* 376Synuclav 92Synulox 92Syprol* 332T3 see Liothyronine 223T4 see -Thyroxine 380lTacrolimus 371Tagamet* 77Tamsulosin hydrochloride 371Tardak 102Tavegil* 84Tazocin* 3143TC 215Tears Naturale* 192Telmisartan 372Tempora 366Tenormin* 33Terbinafine 373Terbutaline 374Tetanus antitoxin 375Tetanus antitoxin Behring 375Tetracaine 375Tetracosactide 376Tetracosactrin see Tetracosactide 376 2,2,2-Tetramine see Trientine 394l-Theanine 377Theophylline 377, 436Therios 63Thiabendazole see Tiabendazole 381Thiamazole 378Thiamine see Vitamin B1 406Thyforon 380Thyrogen* 380Thyroid stimulating hormone 380Thyronorm 378Thyrotropin alfa see Thyroid stimulating hormone 380l-Thyroxine 380Tiabendazole 381Tiacil 175Ticarcillin 382Tildiem* 117Tiletamine see Zolazepam 416Timentin* 382Timolol* 383Timolol maleate 383Timoptol* 383Tipafar 34Tobramycin 383, 435Toceranib 384Toldimphos see Phosphate 310Tolfedine 386APPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORM APPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRADE NAMESINDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Index: generic and trade names473Tolfenamic acid 386Toltrazuril 387Topamax 388Topiramate 388Topomax* 388Torasemide 388Torbugesic 52Torbutrol 52Torphasol 52Torsemide see Torasemide 388Tracrium* 35Tramadol 390 CILTramadol ER* 390Transderm-Nitro* 180 Travatan* 391Travoprost 391Trazodone 392Trental* 299Tretinoin see Vitamin A 404Triamcinolone 393Trientine 394Trifexis 258, 365Trigoderm 171l-Tri-iodothyronine seeLiothyronine 223Trilostane 395Trimacare 396Trimedoxine 396Trimethoprim/Sulphonamide 396, 435TrizChlor* 73Trocoxil 236Tropicamide 397Troscan 276Trusopt* 129Tryplase 288Tsefalen 63TSH see Thyroid stimulating hormone 380Tumil-K 320Twinox 92Tylan 398Tylosin 398Tyluvet 398Ubiflox 232Ucerax* 192UDCA see Ursodeoxycholic acid 399 UFH see Heparin (unfractionated) 185Ultracet* 390Ultram* 390UpCard 388Urdox* 399Urilin 307Ursodeoxycholic acid 399 Ursofalk* 399Valium* 111Vasotop 341Vectra 3D 120, 300, 338Vectra felis 338Vecuronium 400Velbe* 402Veloxa 323, 335Venofer* 204Ventolin* 350Veraflox 321Verapamil 401Vetalar-V 209Vetergesic 50Vetericyn Regular 362Vetericyn VF 362Vetericyn VF eye care 362Vetericyn VF otic ear rinse 362Vetflurane 205Vetivex 178, 360Vetmedin 313Vetoryl 395Vetpril 40Vetrabutine 402Viagra* 356Vicks Sinex* 285Vidalta 57Vinblastine 402Vincristine 403, 436, 439–44Virbagen omega 202Virbaxyl 412Virgan 174Vismed Multi* 186Vitamin A 404Vitamin B complex 405Vitamin B1 406Vitamin B12 407Vitamin B3 see Nicotinamide 274Vitamin C 407Vitamin D 408 CILVitamin E 410Vitamin K1 410 CILVitbee 250 and 1000 407 Vitofyllin 330Vividrin* 362Vivitonin 330Voltarol Ophtha* 115Voltarol Ophtha Multidose* 115Vomend 252Voren 107APPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORMATIONAPPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRAD INDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

Index: generic and trade names474Waxsol* 125Xalatan* 216Xanax* 12Xeden 139Xylacare 412Xylapan 412Xylazine 412, 448–9Ypozane 284Zamadol* 390Zanprol* 281Zantac* 342Zedbac* 38Zeffix* 215Zenifel 150Zentonil Advanced 349, 358Zidovudine 414Zinacef* 68Zinc salts 415Zinecard* 110Zinnat* 68Zirtec* 69Zispin 261Zitac 77Zithromax* 38Zobuxa 139Zofran* 282Zolazepam/Tiletamine 416Zoledronate 417Zoledronic acid see Zoledronate 417Zoletil 416Zolvera* 401Zometa* 417Zonalon* 131Zonegran 418Zonisamide 418Zovirax* 4Zycortal 106Zylkene 62Zyloric* 11Veterinary surgeons should supply written information to clients about the drugs that they prescribe. Client Information Leaflets ( ) on many unauthorized preparations are available for BSAVA members to download from the BSAVA website.APPENDIX I: GENERAL INFORM APPENDIX II: PROTOCOLSINDEX: GENERIC AND TRADE NAMESINDEX: THERAPEUTIC CLASSVetBooks.ir

www.petsavers.org.ukYour support is vital to PetSaversThanks to the dedication and generosity of numerous veterinary surgeons and veterinary nurses, the charity PetSavers has been funding research into illnesses and diseases which affect companion animals for over 40 years, to enable pets to live longer, healthier, fuller lives. Your support is vital to ensure this essential work continues.Get involved Make a donation■ Join an event■ Do your own fundraising■ Leave a legacy in your will■■Join the £200 ProjectPlease visit www.petsavers.org.uk and click on ‘Get involved’ to find out how you can help.PetSavers, BSAVA, Woodrow House, 1 Telford Way, Waterwells Business Park, Quedgeley, Gloucester GL2 2ABTel: + 44(0)1452 726723Email: [email protected] as a Charity No. 1024811PetSaversUK@PetSavers_UKVetBooks.ir

Join BSAVAEnjoy the following benefits as a full Vet member:■■FREE copy of the BSAVA Small Animal Formulary■■Substantial discounts on Congress registration and FREE Congress podcasts■■Huge savings on BSAVA publications■■Exceptional value CPD courses available throughout the UK■■Regional events and volunteering opportunities■■Complimentary subscriptions to JSAP and Companion magazines■■Access to exclusive members only web content, resources and numerous benefits3Join now – visit www.bsava.com and click on ‘Membership’Supporting you throughout your careerVetBooks.ir