UZTG1

First Free Travel Guide in Uzbekistan The UZ BEKISTANGuide



Editor’s Note Publisher Lyndon Yap In conjunction with Uzbekistan’s 21 [email protected] years of independence, I’m delighted Group Chief Operating Officer to welcome you to the first issue of Annie Goh ‘Uzbekistan The Guide’! This travel guide [email protected] is an all in one guide for any Malaysians travelling in Uzbekistan. Featuring Editor more than 100 historical sites and up Jennifer Moke to 60 listings in the most fascinating [email protected] cities including Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva, Ferghana Valley and Writer Shakhrisabz, it is definitely the only Daryl Francis guide any self respecting traveller would [email protected] ever need! Designer Uzbekistan with its rich history is the Danny Chan epitome of ancient Oriental mystery and [email protected] beauty. Lying between the ancient cradle Advertising - Head of Media between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya Adele Chin Rivers, for more than a millenium, the present day antiquity we call Uzbekistan 6012- 395 3209 is home to various ancient empires and [email protected] civilization leaving behind spectacular medieval architectural evidence of a Head of Finance & Admin truly unique history. Uzbekistan is the Sapiah Mat Tamin most fascinating of all Central Asian Republics and is a popular destination [email protected] for ancient practice of pilgrimage ‘Minor Published by: Hajj’ and to million of practitioners around the globe. Also, do check out our Bluedale Publishing (M) Sdn. Bhd. highlight on the ‘Great Silk Road’ and No. 63, Bangunan Bluedale, ‘Chimgan’ as you explore and witness the Pusat Dagangan NZX, preserved beauty of ancient Uzbekistan. Jalan PJU 1A/41B, Ara Jaya, Uzbekistan’s overt natural beauty is 47301 Petaling Jaya, yours to discover! Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. Jennifer Moke Editor T : (6)03-7885 9219 F : (6) 03-7885 9212 E : [email protected] W : www.bluedale.com.my © Bluedale Publishing (M) Sdn. Bhd. (769278-W) All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No contents of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the Publisher. Any person involved in unauthorized acts in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of all the information, the Publisher can accept no responsibility for any errors or omissions. For all enquiries related to advertising please contact us at [email protected] Printer Atlas Cetak (M) Sdn Bhd. Wisma Atlas, No. 2, Persiaran Industri, Bandar Sri Damansara, 52200 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Complimentary Copy Not for Sale Find us on Facebook http://www.facebook.com/pages/ Uzbekistan The Guide & Follow us at Twitter (@bluedale publishing @UZtheGuide)

UZBEKISTAintroduction CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 6 KHIVA Foreword by H.E Shukur Sabitov 81 Ambassador of Republic The History 82 of Uzbekistan 3 Map of Khiva 83 - 90 Map of Uzbekistan 4-5 Historic Sites 91 History 6 Shopping 92 Tourism Investment 7 Eating Out 93 - 94 Getting Started 8 Accommodation General Information 9 7 FERGHANA VALLEY General Calendar 10 - 11 The Culture 12 - 14 The History 95 Historic Sites 96 - 104 2 HIGHLIGHT 16 - 17 8 SHAKHRISABZ 105 18 - 20 106 - 112 Minor Hajj The History Silk Road 21 Historic Sites 113 Chimgan 22 Eating Out & Travel Tips Accommodation 3 TASHKENT 23 9 GENERAL INFORMATION 24 - 25 Tashkent Metro 114 The History 26 - 35 Transportation, Map of Tashkent 36 - 37 Distance between cities of Historic Sites 38 - 41 Uzbekistan 115 Shopping Uzbekistan Railways 116 - 117 Eating Out 42 Internet Resources 118 Nightlife 43 Foreign Embassies in Accommodation 4 SAMARKAND Uzbekistan 119 - 121 Representative Offices of The History 45 International Organizations 122 Map of Samarkand 46 - 47 Representative Offices of Historic Sites 48 - 56 Foreign Airlines in Uzbekistan Shopping Airline Office in Tashkent 123 - 124 Eating Out 57 Language Guide 125 - 126 Accommodation 58 International Access Code 127 - 128 59 - 62 5 BUKHARA 63 64 - 65 The History 66 - 76 Map of Bukhara 77 - 78 Historic Sites 79 - 80 Eating Out Accommodation

FOREWORD We have the honour to introduce the Republic of Uzbekistan – a country with centuries-old history and at the same time a young independent state which appeared on the world’s political map only 21 years ago. Foreword from AMBASSADOR OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN TO MALAYSIA H.E. Shukur Sabitov Ourcountry possesses huge destinations lure travelers from all over potential for development the world. Among such destinations of international tourism and has Uzbekistan holds a special place and has rich traditions of trade, economic all the rights to claim the title of “tourist and cultural cooperation with many Mecca”. countries of the world. These traditions It is the heart of the Great Silk Road – an root deep into the past, when in the ancient highway that was connecting 2nd millennium BCE trade developed East and West for two thousands years on the ancient caravan trails known in (2nd century BCE – 16th century CE). history as the Great Silk Road. Alongside Uzbekistan is centuries-old history with initiating the trade between East imprinted in beautiful creations of and West, this transcontinental arterial ancient architects, in shrines of bygone road promoted the development and civilizations. interpenetration of traditions, customs, cultures, craftsmanship, religions. For all those who would like to visit It is unique nature where boundless our country there is much to see and sandy deserts abut on multicolor Alpine to marvel at in Uzbekistan. Unique meadows, snowy mountaintops and historical and architectural monuments, fertile valleys gladdening the eye with wealth and diversity of wildlife, century- plentiful fruit gardens and vineyards. old craftsmanship traditions, wise Tourism resources of Uzbekistan allow traditions and joyful festivities of Uzbek for development of all types of tourism people. All this is the heritage of both and for playing host to tourists year Uzbekistan and the whole mankind. round. By now there have been included into National Air Carrier “Uzbekistan Airways”, the UNESCO World Heritage List such National Company “Uzbektourism” and historical sites as Ichan-Kala urban our travel agencies provide travelers complex in Khiva, historical centres of with the opportunity of visiting these Bukhara and Shakhrisabz, historical places and touching the pulse of monuments of ancient Samarkand. history. Just get on board of the Uzbek These sites are under the protection of airways direct flight from Kuala Lumpur world community. to capital of Uzbekistan Tashkent and in What makes Uzbekistan an object of 7 hours will find yourself in the center of desire of modern travelers? historical Great Silk road with marvelous Egypt and Greece, Mexico and Australia, cities where East meets West. India and Japan and many other exotic

UZBEKISTAintroduction 72

29, 559 million 49% 51% More than 85 % Uzbeks are Muslims and approximately 15 % are worshippers of other religions (Orthodoxes, Catholics, Jews and etc; there are about 16 confessions). Aydarkul Lake , and the Republic of Karakalpakistan.

introduction Tashkent, the administrative center of Turkestan. In 1924, this territory was joined HISTORY to Soviet Union. Since then, for more than 70 years Uzbekistan was under the Soviet UZBEKISTA regime before declaring independence of the country on 31st August 1991, which was officially named the Republic of Uzbekistan. 1st September was proclaimed Independence Day. UZBEKISTAN Since September 1991 to July 1993 the The history of Uzbekistan covers about Republic of Uzbekistan was officially 1.5 millenia. recognized by 160 states. On 2 March 1992 Situated along the upper of Amu-Darya the country joined the United Nations. (The Oxus), Syr-Darya (The Jaxartes) and Overwhelming support from the nations their tributaries has always been the for independence (98.2% of the population different from the rest of central Asia. voted) has triggered the following: the By the 4th century B.C, after the campaigns government line was expressed during of Alexander the Great, trade along presidential elections and a referendum the Silk Road made the area emerge as on political sovereignty (29 December an important trading center; cultural 1991). Islam Karimov won 86% of the vote contact intensified and a variety of and became the first President of the new religions flourish. Many other invaders Republic of Uzbekistan. were here after but no one left much destruction as much as the Mongols led by Genghis Khan in the 13th century A.D. Vast migrations of nomadic Turks from the northern steppe areas increased drastically. However, in the late 14th century the tribal prince Amir Temur known as Tamerlane united the nations of Central Asia to fight against the Mongols and in victory founded a powerful land with its capital in Samarkand. For more than 2 centuries, the Temurids were ruling turning this place into the centre of Central Asia introducing the ‘Uzbek’ term in the 15th and 16th centuries A.D during the period of Muhammad Shaybani Khan. Bukhara, Kokand, and Khiva Khanates were established under independent states but again the independent doesn’t last long when the neighboring Russia could not ignore the geopolitically important region, as it was a great economic opportunity for Russia.

TOURISM INVESTMENT Tourism Investment in Uzbekistan is the need to provide automobile routes with international standards of tourism coupled Uzbekistan due  to its  high potential with services to facilitate it as well as hotel in tourism and number of historical infrastructures being developed with more sites occupies a worthy place in the historical elements and cultural peculiarities to world.  There  are  more  than  4000 create unique complexes to the hotel. historical  and  cultural  monuments All these are integral in the tourism industry. in  Uzbekistan.  Their  ancient  city possesses Its development fosters tourist movement significant tourism potential, advantageous in Uzbekistan as well as creating new job geopolitical position, rich cultural and natural opportunities to the locals as a stepping heritage. Uzbekistan has big opportunities on stone for international standards of servicing the quantity and variety of tourism resources qualities. The increment of tourists’ movement when compared with other countries: will generate revenue to the country. Its unique geographical and natural sights Today, Uzbekistan’s effort in refurbishing the central location in the Central Asian region historical monuments, preserving national positioned itself comfortably linked in terms culture and modernization of infrastructure are of strategic transport-geographical area. Also, aimed at further development in the tourism there are 37 caves in the territory of the country industry to attract more tourists to Uzbekistan. as well as reserved national parks which covers We sincerely invite you to join in the following 1.96% of Uzbekistan.  Bioclimatic  conditions direction; especially in the winter time allow them to Develop international standard hotels in actively promote for recreational and sport Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara etc tourism. There are also specially protected Construct new tourist attractions such natural territories in Uzbekistan (state nature as  shopping  complexes  in  Tashkent, reserves, national parks, nature monuments, Samarkand etc dendrology and botanic gardens). Such Develop modern transportation routes territories are the objects of the national connecting all major historic sites wealth. This enables to develop the Renew / Establish an international ecotourism. standard automobile fleet Pilgrimage tourism is connected with Establish Joint Tourism Agencies the  monuments  of  Islam.  Religious- International  standards  of management historical  sites  such  as  Necropolis  Shah-i- organization managing existing hotel’s Zinda 11th -19th  centuries  (Samarkand),  the management such as President Hotel in Mausoleum of Saint Daniel, Imam  al-Bukhari Tashkent and Samarkand. Mausoleum  (Samarkand),  Mausoleum  of Khodja Bakhouddin Naqshbandi, 14th century Tourism is a developing industry much (Bukhara) and Mausoleum Shokhi-Mardon needed to ensure the foreign exchange (Ferghana)  which  preserved  permanent inflow, new job opportunities and the architectural and artistic image are well strengthening of business partnerships maintained through the centuries are one of between countries. In the new millennium, tourism attraction in the world. the tourism industry will both enhance its There are more than 500 enterprises in the further development between countries. country engaging in souvenir products based on national crafts: porcelain and ceramic ware, national knives, ceramic toys, embroidery of headwear, gold embroidered works, carpet weaving, miniatures on wood/leather and etc. Presently, an important objective for the tourism industry is the modernization of the transportation infrastructure. In other words, it

UZBEKISTAintroduction GETTING STARTED When to travel The high season is Spring (mid-March to end of May). For white season would fall on mid-Dec to first week of February, the winter do not last long with unstable of snow fall plus temperatures below freezing. Air Tickets/ Air Fare Malaysia has the most non-stop flight from Malaysia to Uzbekistan (Tashkent) operates by; MHV International Sdn Bhd GSA of Uzbekistan Airways in Malaysia, Singapore & Indonesia Level 7, Menara Park, Block D, Megan Avenue II, No 12, Jalan Yap Kwan Seng, 50450 Kuala Lumpur. Tel: +603 2166 3439 / Fax: +603 2166 4639 Email: [email protected] Kuala Lumpur (KUL) To Tashkent (TAS) Flights Operational Departing From Arriving Days Kuala Lumpur (KUL) Tashkent (TAS) HY 552 Tuesday (D2) 1010 1505 HY 554 Wednesday (D3) 2235 0330 +1 HY 552 Friday (D5) 1010 1505 Tashkent (TAS) To Kuala Lumpur (KUL) Flights Operational Departing From Arriving Days Tashkent (TAS) Kuala Lumpur (KUL) HY 551 Monday (D1) 2215 0840+1 HY 553 Wednesday(D3) 1040 2105 HY 551 Thursday(D4) 2215 0840+1 ** Uzbekistan Airways Flight Winter Schedule (Starting from Nov 12) ** The schedule is subject to change without notice. Visa / Customs / Documents You can buy tickets without Visa or a Visa Support (invitation approved by the Ministries of Foreign Affair or from a private individual, company or state organization) but may risk being denied entry. You may apply for a Visa from ‘The Republic of Uzbekistan’ at: Embassy of Uzbekistan in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Address : No. 7, Jalan 6, Ampang Utama, 68000 Ampang, Malaysia. Phone : +603-4253 3406 / +603-4253 2406 Fax : +603-4253 5406 Email : [email protected] / [email protected] Website URL : www.uzbekembassy.com.my ** Visa application will take approximately 3 -5 working days.

GENERAL INFORMATION Language Political System Most common language spoken is Uzbek, but Under the 1992 Constitution, Uzbekistan is a Russian is a widely spoken native or second secular and democratic republic country. Political language particularly in large cities. In different system of the Republic is parliamentary democracy regions of Uzbekistan, other languages are with a legislative organ Oliy Majlis (Supreme also widely spoken such as Tajik in Samarkand Council), executive body (government) and legal and Bukhara. Individuals speaking in more proceeding system. The head of executive power than one language are common in large cities is President, directly elected to a seven-year term. and in ethnically diverse areas. However, with Executive power rests with the President. The Uzbekistan’s present policy of moving towards President appoints a Cabinet of Ministers with the theWest, the knowledge of English has become approval of the legislature.The Cabinet of Ministers increasingly common. carries the day-to-day running of the country. The Weather President also appoints regional governors. Uzbekistan has a great number of sunny Geography days. Tourist’s season in Uzbekistan falls on The physical environment of Uzbekistan is diverse, spring months that are March, April and May, ranging from the flat, desert topography that the second half is in August, September and comprises almost 80 percent of the country’s October. Winter month’s temperatures ranges territory to mountain peaks in the east reaching from -10°C to 30°C and are suitable for the about 4,500 meters above sea level. Located in lovers of mountains and winter sports such the heart of Central Asia, Uzbekistan occupies as skiing. The average annual temperature is more than 447,400 square kilometres, measuring approximately 13’c. 925km from North to South and 1400km from West to East. Along the borders on each of the former Soviet Asian Republic which is Kazakhstan 2203km, Tajikistan 1161km, Kyrgyzstan 1099km and Turkmenistan 1621km , and in the south - on Afghanistan 137km. Religions Predominantly, 85% of Uzbeks are Muslims and approximately 15% are worshippers of other religions (Orthodoxes, Catholics, Jews and etc; there are about 16 confessions). Although constitutionally allowing rights to freedom of religion, Uzbekistan maintains a ban on all religious activities not approved by the state. Official Name : The Republic of Uzbekistan Coordinates : 41 00 N, 64 00 E Independence Day : 1 September 1991 Total Area : 447,400sq.km Population : 29,559 million Capital : Tashkent (2.5 million of population) Time : GMT + 05:00 Currency : Uzbek Som (US$ 1 = Som 1,657) Dialing code : +998

UZBEKISTAintroduction March GENERAL CALENDAR International Women’s Day – March 8 January This is a worldwide celebration in honour of women’s achievement thoughout history New Year - 1 January and across nations. Also On this magical day, everyone expects an occasion for men to heavy snowfall in Uzbekistan. Everything express their gratitude will be covered with flurry snow. Celebrated and love to their by the Uzbeks in great deals of celebration, beloved mothers, wives, including decoration of a New Year tree and girlfriends and daughters the preparation of a Family feast, outdoor for their sacrifices. A way activities take place country-wide and a somewhat similiar to variety of entertainment programs are mother’s day. broadcasted on television. Navruz (Persian New Year) – March 21 Defenders of Motherland - January 14 Another common feature found during Navruz is ‘sumalyak’, a traditional dish. Celebrated in the Locals say that this dish replenishes one’s honour of the creation vitamins after experiencing deficiency in of Uzbekistan’s own winter. It is cooked only during spring from army forces under the overgrown wheat, flour, water, and the jurisdiction of the vegetable oil in a large kettle for 24 hours. Republic of Uzbekistan. Those who are cooking it will be supported Army personnels by songs, jokes and laughter to keep them are nominated for going through the night. When the dish is governmental awards ready, it is shared among 15 to 20 people. and  some of them are awarded at Gala concerts This celebration of life which means “New organized  by  the Day” is the most cherished public holiday and government. has been celebrated for at least 2,500 years, or perhaps even for as long as 5,000 years. May Navruz is celebrated widely and colourfully in Central Asia. Navruz also announces the Memorial Day – May 9 joyful awakening of nature after winter and the beginning of the agricultural cycle of “Memorial of Memory” cultivating, planting and harvesting. The was build in Tashkent activities for the next 13 days are considered in 1999 as a day of as harbingers of the year to come so according memory and honor for to tradition people forgive one another for all compatriots who loss past offences and renew friendships. their lives protecting the country, it’s freedom and  independence  in Uzbekistan. This day is celebrated in a solemn manner for the loss of more than 450 thousand people during World War II.

September GENERAL CALENDAR October Independence Day – September 1 Teacher’s Day – October 1 The most important public holiday Teacher’s Day is dedicated to teachers of the country. Uzbekistan obtained for their significant contribution its independence on September in improving the intellectual and 1991. On this special day the sky will spiritual potential of the country. be illuminated with multi-coloured Teachers are appreciated for raising firework displays and has been a the harmoniously developed young tradition to hold a folklore festival in generation in spirit of the national Tashkent’s Navoi Park. and universal values. As teaching is a very revered profession in Uzbekistan, All 12 regions in Uzbekistan has lined on the eve of the holiday, President up a spectacle of festive events to Islam Karimov awards a large group of participate in. One thing for sure teachers and mentors orders, medals is there will be performances by and honorary titles such as The People’s original folk groups, exciting sports Teacher, Honoured Worker of National events, various shows and random Education and Honoured Mentor of craft fairs all over the place. Without Youth of Uzbekistan. doubt, “pilav” will also be a common food during Independence Day. It’ll December be served in the center of a large table which gathers family members, relatives and friends together. Be sure to catch the festival at The Independence Square which features many pop stars, movie stars, dance groups and of course, musicals. Constitution Day – December 8 Uzbekistan adopted the constitution day on 1992. Since then it was widely celebrated. Streets and squares are decorated with flags and are crowded with people who look forward the sequence of festive events, timed to this significant date are organized concerts of pop stars, exhibitions, sports events and more.

introduction The Wedding Nikokh, wedding plays THE CULTURE a very significant role for peopleinUzbekistanand UZBEKISTAThe People are usually celebrated Uzbeks are represented by various in a very solemn nationalities and ethnic groups such as the manner. Every region in native nations of Central Asia such as the Uzbekistan (14 in total) Tajiks, the Kazakhs, the Kirghizes, the Uygures has its own peculiarities andtheDungans.MinoritiesfromEurope and and rituals and may the East like Russians, Tatars, Germans, Jews, differ from one region to another. One of the Lithuanians, Poles, Ukrainians, Byelorussians, commonly met customs is matchmaking. Greeks and Turks live in Uzbekistan. One of the pre wedding rituals “Fotiha” - the Traditional Clothing engagement ceremony which symbolizes an The national clothing for agreement of two families to connect family ties. Uzbekistan is mostly brightly Fotiha determines the nature of the wedding. coloured and is to be worn during cultural traditions. However, Before Nikokh starts, the groom heads to pick wearing traditional clothing is a up the bride from her home accompanied by norm for rural areas. his best man and a number of close friends. Men’s clothing The bride’s family meets the guests with a The traditional men’s suit is a chapan, the festive table, offering “pilav,” a traditional meal quilted robe, tied with a shawl along with cap of the Uzbek nation. The bride’s family has to called tubeteika. Kuylak is the men’s straight cut dress the groom up with ‘sarpo’, the wedding shirt. Ishton is men’s wide trousers, narrowed at robe, in order to be ready for wedding prayers bottom. The traditional footwear is high-boots, ‘Hutbayi nikoh’ by the ‘Mullah’ (Muslim priest) made of leather. They are tied before proclaiming them husband and wife. with embellished belts made of The newly-wed then goes to the official civil velvety and richly handmade registration of marriageto obtain their marriage embroidery with silver pendant certificate, thus supplementing the wedlock in buckles. the face of God. Women’s clothing The culmination of a wedding ceremony is the bride’s leaving her parent’s house (or the place The traditional women’s suit is a dwell where the wedding party was held) to the of plain khan-atlas tunic-dress and wide groom’s house. In some regions of Uzbekistan, trousers. It is made of atlas fabric richly families follow the ancient ritual of purification, embroiled with gleaming golden thread. dated back in Zoroastrian tradition, when the Along with a colourful headdress with groom carries the bride and walks around the unique patterns embroidered are the fire three times before entering the groom’s cap, headscarf and house. turban. Inseparable accessories are gold The next morning after the wedding party and silver jewellery the ritual “Kelin salom” - reception of the bride such as earrings, in her new family should be performed. The bracelets and groom’s parents, his relatives and friends give necklaces. presents to the bride and she greets everyone with deep bows – three bows to each member of the groom’s family. There is another custom of a couple officially visiting bride’s parents after the wedding. And in some regions (including Tashkent) there is a tradition for bride’s parents to deliver food to the groom’s family for 40 days after the wedding.

THE CULTURE The Music At heart, Uzbek music is closely tied with the The music of the Uzbeks takes a much greater traditional music of Tajikistan (both sharing influence from Persian Classical Music and the the Shashmaqam), a division largely owing to Middle East, rather than fromTurkic-Mongolic Soviet policies of ethnic nationalism. During the Traditional Music. The centerpiece of Uzbek Soviet period traditional music in central Asia music is the Shashmaqam, or Six Maqams, was treated ambivalently: initially discouraged which was named a “UNESCO Masterpiece due to a preference for propagandistic music, of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of and later encouraged to promote local national Humanity” in 2003. The Shashmaqam is identity (rather than broader religious or a modal suite that brings together lyrical regional identities). These recent policies, and instrumental songs, poetry and dance. combined with independence, have led to a Traditional Uzbek music is primarily melodic, revival of interest in traditional Uzbek music. highly embellished, micro-tonal, and mono- or homophonic. Common instruments include lutes, spike fiddles and flutes. inside, or the original ravioli-like “Manty”, which are filled with meat, potatoes or sweet pumpkin, and cooked in steam. Cuisine “Chuchvara”or also known as“Warak-Chuchvara” One of the well developed factors in (pel’meni) is also the most widespread national Uzbekistan is their cuisine which is also one dish. A very small dumpling mostly prepared of the most ancient and refined in Central with the same method. The traditional Uzbek Asia. Their 4 seasons especially winter and community would prefer to enjoy “Kebab summer greatly influence the composition Shashlik” with endless cups of green tea at the of their daily basic menu. There are about “Chaikanna” (teahouse). 200 of them vary from different region in Uzbekistan. Uzbek’s well known cuisine is “Pilav” which consist fried and boiled meat, onions, carrots and rice; with raisins, berries, chickpeas or for variation is fruits. This is one of the pride for Uzbekistanis on their ability on preparing the most unique and sumptuous “Pilav” served on the large flat plate lyagan. Uzbek cuisine can’t be considered as such without the flaky pastry “Somsa”, which has minced meat and a piece of fat of sheep’s tail

introduction THE CULTURE UZBEKISTA carving, metal engraving, leather stamping, calligraphy and miniature painting are some ancient art genres developed from the ancient past. Art & Handicrafts Each region has its own cultural and For centuries, caravans are used to carry ethnic tradition; these unique features goods between the West and the East along were established by local guilds that the Great Silk Road which ran through the strengthened these characteristics territory of the present-day Uzbekistan. The through their art. It is possible to origins of folk art are hidden in the depths of recognize one’s ethnic background from centuries long history. Regardless, Uzbekistan their embroidered skullcap Tubeteika or still continues to reveal new aspects of this by the colour and embroider style of his ancient land and its culture. gown Chapan. Uzbek applied arts has a wealth of variety when it comes to style, materials and ornamentation (Uzbek tubeteika). Blue ceramics, silk, cotton weaving (Uzbek suzanne), carpet (Turkmen), stone and wood

HIGHLIGHT Minor Hajj / Pilgrimage Journey Silk Road Chimgan

introHdIGuHcLtIiGoHnT MINOR HAJJ/ PILGRIMAGE JOURNEY UZBEKISTAAMinor Hajj is a journey or search Muslim  theological of moral or spiritual significance. education establishments Typically, it is a journey to a shrine or in the whole Central other location of importance to a person’s Asia. Another example beliefs and faith though sometimes is the Sheikhantaur it can be a metaphorical journey into Mausoleum(pg32), someone’s own beliefs. Many religions named after Sheikh attach spiritual importance to particular Hovandi Takhur who is places: the place of birth or death of very much respected by the Muslims founders or saints, or to the place of in the 15th century or better known as their “calling” or spiritual awakening, ”wise of the wisest”. The  Barak-Khan or of their connection (visual or verbal) Madrassah(pg27) housed Uzbekistan’s with the divine, or to locations where Office of Spiritual miracles were performed or witnessed, Administration of or locations where a deity is said to live Muslims since the or be “housed,” or any site that is seen to 16th century till have special spiritual powers. Such sites today. The Hazarati may be commemorated with shrines or Imam Complex temples that devotees are encouraged comprises of a few to visit for their own spiritual benefit: to structures. One of the structures is be healed or have questions answered or the Kaffal Shashi Mausoleum which to achieve some other spiritual benefit. was constructed in honour of Imam A person who makes such a journey is Mohammed Abu-bakra Ali ibn Ismail called a pilgrim. Al Kaffal Al Shashi who was born in the The Holy Land acts as a focal point for the Shash region (Tashkent today) and was pilgrimages of the Abrahamic religions given the title “Great Imam”. The Barak- of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. These Khan  Madrassah housed the most pilgrims visit the Holy Land to touch and valuable “Ottoman Koran” the primary see physical manifestations of their faith, source of the holy manuscripts of Islam. confirm their beliefs in the holy context The Zangi-ota Mausoleum(pg30) is with collective excitation and connect where Saint “Dark personally to the Land. The pilgrimage Father”, the most is conducted during Zul-Hijjah, the last honourable shepherd month of the Muslim’s lunar calendar. gazer in the 15th In the country, there are many historical century was buried. monuments relating to the origin, In 2007, Islamic pervasion and spread of Zoroastrianism, Educational, Scientific and Cultural Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity and of Organization (ISESCO) have named course Islam, in the 8th century making Tashkent as the Capital of Islamic Uzbekistan as a sacred country practicing Culture. minor pilgrimage. Invasions in TASHKENT and natural SAMARKAND which calamities, including the devastating was founded more earthquake in 1966 has swept most of than  2750  years the medieval buildings of the ancient ago  is  home  to past. However, there are still many fascinating masterpieces of the Islamic culture such historical monuments. The focus of as the Madrassah its beauty is the Registan(pg48) of  Kulkeldash better known as “Sandy Place”. It (pg26)constructed is the most magnificent landmark by  the  most in Samarkand. It consists of three powerful  vizier madrassahs. Besides that, the Kulkeldash which is Bibi  Khanum  Mosque(pg51)  and one of the leading Gur  Emir  Mausoleum (pg52)  features  beautiful architecture  such  as

MINOR HAJJ/ PILGRIMAGE JOURNEY their interior and exterior inscription Khan  Madrassah(pg68)  and  the decor.The Shah-i-Zinda Ensemble(pg50) Abdullah-Khan Madrassah(pg68)  are is the most important pilgrimage site for important religious schools back in the both locals and tourists. The same goes to 16th century.  The Kalyan Minaret(pg70) the Imam al-Bukhari Mausoleum(pg55) (Short  Minaret) was once the tallest which can accommodate more than 1500 minaret in Central Asia and the Lyabi worshippers at one time and a visit to this Hauz  Architectural  Complex(pg72) shrine is considered by the Muslims to be which houses a few madrassahs are where equal to a minor Hajj. pilgrims find peace and quiet is what one As SAMARKAND was the centre of needs so much to get closer to God. commerce, BUKHARA on the other Minor Hajj is important to Muslims as it is hand became the empires’ religious obligatoryto  perform  it  once  ina  lifetime, heart. “While elsewhere light radiates viewed  as  a  particularly  meritorious from heaven onto land, in holy Bukhara activity. Pilgrimage serves as a penance - the it radiates upward to illuminate heaven ultimate forgiveness for sins, devotion and onto land”. Its cultural and architectural intense spirituality. A Minor Hajj to sacred legacy was recognized by UNESCO and land in Uzbekistan begins from TASHKENT- the city is inscribed in the World Heritage SAMARKAND-BUKHARA and will take at least Listing. The center of history in Bukhara 4 to 5 days. During the pilgrimage tour here, best seen on foot is the The Ark(pg66) you will surely reaffirm your beliefs! once a fortified residence of a Bukhara ruler known as “The Shadow of Allah”. The Ismail Samani Mausoleum(pg66), a 1000 year-old edifice is a real masterpiece by its founder, Ismail Samani, and it has been preserved since the Mongol invasion by Genghis Khan. The Modari-

introHdIGuHcLtIiGoHnT SILK ROAD ‘Pax Mongolica’ or ‘Mongol Peace’. During this era, paper money were introduced UZBEKISTA and the famous Marco Polo travelled the area, recording his memoirs. The era lasted a good two centuries before the Turkish Ottoman Empire gained power. Tamerlane also began conquering certain parts of Asia such as Persia, parts of southern Russia and northern India. D espite Silk Road’s popularity for more Unfortunately, in the 1400s, the Silk than two centuries, the name itself Road in its heyday also carried a bubonic came only during its dying days in the mid plague known as The Black Plague which 1800s. German geographer, Ferdinand in turned triggered the decline of the von Richthofen, coined the term because route. Amidst the downfall, rose the of the booming silk trade. Spanning an Chinese Ming Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty impressive 6500km, the route starts at however, also caused further decline by ancient An’chang, now known as Xi’an, reducing the traffic and trade of silk due China. The route served as a trade route to fear of the power of Uighurs. allowing goods and culture to exchange In 1600, Uzbek Turks began settling in over the years including the bubonic what is known today as Uzbekistan. After plague, The Black Death. a devastating earthquake in the 1700s, the Silk Road continued its growth with Around 200BC, Alexander new explorations such as the Muztagh the Great invaded central Pass and other buried cities. Asia, thus introducing The modern day Silk Road still retain its Greek culture to the region. charms and history of which most of it can be The short-lived reign was found in the architecture and monuments in then succeeded by the Uzbekistan. Also, it should be noted that all of Xiongnu people, now the monuments are recognized and protected known as Huns. Together by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. with the Han Dynasty, they controlled One of the towns along the Silk Road is the silk route before the Sogdians come Khiva, located in Chorku. It was an oasis into picture. The Sodgians were based in town on the northern Silk Road spur on Shash, one of the oldest inhabited cities the way to Russia. The entire city has been or better known as Samarkand in the painstakingly preserved making it one of present soon became the capital of Amir the finest example of an old Silk Road city Temur’s Tamerlane Dynasty in the 14th in Central Asia. One of the must visit sites century. in this ‘open-air museum’ is the Itchan-Kala The Silk Road reached its golden age Ensemble(pg34), the walled inner city of around 600A.D also about the same Khiva. In it, you will find the palace of ‘Khiva time the Islamic religion was founded. Khan’ and the richly carved wooden gates of Consequently, Muslims controlled the “Madrash” and many Mosques. Houses Mesopotamia and Iran along with the here are also uniquely patterned creating a Silk Road as well as the Spice Road, a unique ambience. trade route known for its spice trading. Silk Road continued to prosper under the Tang Dynasty a century later whereby art and culture flourished. In 1200 onwards, the Mongols under the rule of Genghis Khan took over a vast majority of the area hence, establishing

SILK ROAD Another town with rich history is dynasty including Temur’s teacher Sayyid Tashkent, the Uzbekistan’s capital. It has Baraka. Another well known place to visit been inhabited since around 200BC but is the Mausoleum of Saint Daniel or had to be rebuilt after an earthquake in Hodzha Danijar. Locals say water flowing 1966. Regardless, many great monuments past the tomb has healing powers. People still stand today such as the Zangi-ota who come here believe that a prayer Mausoleum(pg30) complex which is service at the mausoleum helps them cope very popular among them Muslims. Some with the disease, difficulties and brings say that the complex was built as a burial luck. Observatory of Ulugbek which was place of Zangi-Ota, also known as Sheikh constructed on a high hill of Chupan-Ata Ay-Khodja, the fifth Murid of Khodja was grandson of Temur. Mirzo Ulugbek, Akhmad Yassavi, a famous spiritual leader. explored the stars and created the catalogue Travellers of the Silk Road should also not of 1018 stars with incredible accuracy for miss the Mausoleum of Sheikh Zaynudin that time. Bobo. He was a writer known for making Suhrawardiyya popular. Another beautiful piece of architecture can be found at the Sheikhantaur Mausoleum(pg32). He was a Sayyid, meaning that he claimed descent from the Quraish, the tribe of the prophet Muhammad. Samarkand, Silk Road’s beloved Another town to go to is Bukhara, once gem is an important settlement a known as “The Divine” because of the thousand years ago, it was the capital number of religious schools and mosques of Tamerlane. It now houses Gur Emir there. Besides being a main trading centre, Mausoleum(pg52); the Registan it was a pilgrimage site for Muslims. Its Square, an architectural ensemble main attractions include The Ark(pg66), a consisting from three madrassahs; the massive fortress which has been damaged Bibi Khanum Mosque(pg51), the most and restored countless times since its lavish monument of Samarkand and completion in 5A.D and the Kalyan the Shah-i-Zinda Ensemble(pg50), Minaret(pg70), also known as the “Tower meaning ‘the living king’, a necropolis of Death”, because until as recently as the where Kusam ibn Abbas, the cousin of early twentieth century criminals were the prophet Muhammad was buried. executed by being thrown from the top. The Gur Emir Mausoleum(pg52), Amir Temur’s birthplace and hometown meaning the ‘tomb of the king’ is also brings us back to Shakhrisabz, a town in  Samarkand. Originally,  it was built with impressive monuments from the Temurid Dynasty.  Aside from its bazaars, for the grandson of Amir Temur and the  Ak-Saray heir, Muhammad Palace(pg106) Sultan,  but is a must. however it became Initially  planned the family crypt to be the most of the Temurid’s grand of all Temur’s constructions  in 1380,  now  only traces of its 65 meter tall gate.

UZBEKISTA introHdIGuHcLtIiGoHnT Palace(pg98) which upon completion SILK ROAD was one of the largest and most gate towers survive adorned with blue, white luxurious palace in and gold mosaics. Another beautiful historical Central Asia. 19 of place is the Kok-Gumbaz Mosque(pg107), its original 113 rooms survive and it now built in honour of Ulugbek’s father, Shah host a museum. Juma  Mosque(pg98), Rukh and the Dorut Tilavat Complex or House a Friday mosque built in  1800-1812, of Meditation which hosts the Mausoleum of and reopened in 1989, it can hold Sheikh Shamseddin Kulyal , spiritual tutor to 10,000 worshipers. Arguably, the most Timur and his father, Turghai. East of the Kok beautiful mosque in Kokand, it has a Gumbaz is another mausoleum complex room housing a collection of suzani called Dorus-Saodat Ensemble(pg106) and ceramics from the region. Nearby is (Seat of Power and Might), which contains the Amin Beg Madrassah, often named the Tomb of Jehangir, Temur’s  eldest and after Khomol Khozi, the 1913 restorer favorite  son. responsible for the ornamental facade Behind that is the of coloured tiles. Next up is the Khamza tomb of Temur. Museum, dedicated to Kokand’s Soviet Only discovered in hero Hamza Hakimzade Niyazi, a poet, 1943, it has a single author, playwright and composer widely stone casket, on seen as one of the leading figures in the which inscriptions development of modern literary tradition indicate that it was of Uzbekistan. intended for Timur but he was not buried there. Once conquered by the most fearless of conquerors like Genghis Khan and Amir Timur, these cities channel a sense of pride and dignity as aptly inscribed above the entrance of the Ak-Saray Palace(pg106) in Shakhrisabz : “If you challenge our power - look at our buildings!” In the Ferghana Valley  named after 9th century astronomer, Abu’l-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Kathir al-Farghani, we have Ferghana, a fertile area filled with orchards, where The Silk Road passes through to Kyrgyzstan. Ferghana’s wide, orderly tree-shaded avenues and attractive blue-washed 19th century tsarist colonial-style houses are said to mimic the appearance of pre-earthquake Tashkent. With Russian as the primary language, the city has a distinctly different feel from most Uzbek cities. Its main sights are the Museum of Local Studies and Regional Theatre. Also in the Ferghana Valley is Kokand, the ancient capital of the local rulers known as the Khans of Kokand. In there lies the Khudoyar-Khan

CHIMGAN Chimgan is the most popular ski resort in out by chair lift road and further proceeds on Uzbekistan most often referred as ‘Uzbek rope-tow lift Switzerland’. Located 80km from Tashkent on Another activity thrill seekers frequent this the slopes of Chimgan Mountains, a part of place for is heli-skiing. Uzbekistan has the the Chatkal range of western Tien Shan, it is advantage over the other regions of Heli-skiing famous during the winter for snowboarding on the territory of the former USSR because of and skiing as well as in the summer for the sunny, warm and fine stable weather. Heli- jungle trekking and rock climbing. Chimgan skiers make descends from summits of Ugam, is about 1400m high and is surrounded with Pskem and Chatkal mountain ranges which are mountains. Greater Chimgan Mountain is over 3000m high. Tourists however must bring the main peak at 3309m. their own equipments and are accompanied Relict fir-tree woods are abundant on the with 2 guides. The best time for skiing is late slope of the mountains. Mountains and January till March. hills are indented by mountain rivers, Accommodation at Chimgan comes in various which people call “sai”. ‘Chimgan’ or ‘Chim forms. One of the more enjoyable ways is CBT yon’ when translated means ‘green grass’ or (community-based tourism) accommodation ‘green valley’, is due to the fresh air and floral which is based on home-stay facilities. The fragrance exuded by the flowers and herbs houses are built mainly from local materials; along the valley. some of the houses are built from bricks which To get there, the more common option is create unique ambiance each. the public bus, private cars or taxis from The other options are at the private recreation Gazalkent. For the more fussy travellers, centres called Sky Village and Edem, and helicopters are available, too! comfortable tourist hotels like, Beldersay Skiing resort Chimgan has several routes Oromgohi and Snow Leopard.The guarded and type of complexities: a ski-track for centre boasts 6 cottages, satellite antenna, a beginners, extended up to 1500m has a pool and playground. The new Snow Leopard rope-tow lift, and a ski-track for slalom is which started operating in 2005, designed with extended up to 900m and equipped with a sophisticated facilities. Beldersay Oromgohi chair lift. Hotel however, was built in 1994 but it does The highest point of the Beldersay ski-track not fall short on facilities. It has worldwide is located at the height of 2880m. The snow telephone communication as well as 16 family here lays little bit longer, than in Chimgan: cottages with a helipad. from December till May. Descents are carried out from mountain Kumbel. Going up to the top of Kumbel Mountain is carried

introductiToIPnS UZBEKISTATRAVEL TIPS Travel Insurance When buying travel insurance, you’re not Health only buying something that can assist Ask your doctor for an International you greatly should you find yourself in Certificate of Vaccination or better known need but you’re also as Yellow Booklet in which we will list all buying some peace of the vaccination you’ve received. Uzbekistan mind - both for you while requires HIV testing 2 months prior to you travel and also for entering the country. Certain foreign test your family and friends are accepted but be sure to check with back home. However, be embassy before travelling. aware of the following; World  Health  Organization  (WHO) recommends the following vaccinations Dangerous activities for travelers to Central Asia. -  Many insurers (but not all) consider - Adult Diphtheria & Tetanus - Hepatitis A & B motorcycling, diving, parachuting, hot-air - Measles, Mumps and Rubella ballooning and many other largely safe - Polio activities as hugely dangerous pursuits - Typhoid Country exclusions - Varicella - Check if the insurance covers Uzbekistan Photography Working exclusions Video cameras are required to be declared - Will you be working during your trip? at your customs declaration form. Always - Maximum amount per item ask politely to photograph people; in Uzbek - Maximum payout per item if goods are “Rasmga olsam maylimi?” (ra-sim-ga ol- stolen sam may-li-mi). Central Asians are more Excessive excess conservative as compared to any other - Excess is the amount you have to pay to countries, so, they may be sensitive towards lodge a travel insurance claim (eg. excess photography of local women. of $100 and you have a camera worth $120 stolen, you must pay the first $100) ATMs (Bankomats) ATMs are largely available and would accept foreign ATM cards but some charge a service fee of around 2% (varies for different bank). Internet Cash Throughout Central US Dollars are the easiest to exchange Asia, internet cafes followed by the Euros. can be found without ** Bills issued before year 1990 are generally much difficulty. not accepted Clothing Credit Card A moderate dress code is essential. You cannot truly rely on credit card for your Money travel finances as most of the places in Foreign exchanges are available in most Uzbekistan do not accept credit card except towns. Bring a combination of Cash (USD/ for hotels and high-end restaurants. Euros), Credit Card and Travellers Cheque to Travellers Cheque cover eventuality. All cheques are required to be declared on your customs declaration form or you would not be able to cash them in any of the capital banks.

The History In pre-Islamic times, the province was known as“Chach”. Later, the town came to be known as Chachkand, meaning ‘Chach City’. However, in the mid 7th century under the Samanid Dynasty, the place adopted the name Binkath. The Arabs however, retained the old name but pronounced it as ‘Al-Shash’. Eventually, after a string of name changes, the name Tashkent was used because it had more meaning to the new inhabitants as it means ‘Stone City’ when translated literally. First mentioned were Chach, Shash, and Binkent before the “City of Stone”. Tashkent, central capital of Uzbekistan was a major caravan crossroad in A.D 751 for its advantageous geographical location and favourable climate. It was also one of the main points of the Great Silk Road. Archaeologists confidently identify in the territory of Tashkent some significant archaeological objects which are different compared to other regions as they are more commercial oriented. TASHKENT Among them are - the Kulkeldash Madrassah, the Barak-Khan Madrassah complex, the Kaffal Shashi Mausoleums, and the Yunus-Khan Mausoleum. The view of Kulkeldash Madrassah demonstrates one of the very prominent features of modern Tashkent with its amazing many-sided feature. However, Tashkent was changed forever in April 1966 when a massive earthquake hits vast areas of the town and left 30,000 people homeless. Since 1991, drastic changes occurred economically, culturally, and architecturally in Tashkent. The largest statue ever erected for Lenin was replaced with a globe at the Amir Timur Complex complete with a geographical map of Uzbekistan. Buildings from the Soviet era have been replaced with new, modern buildings. One example is the“DowntownTashkent” district which includes the 22-storey NBU Bank building, the Intercontinental Hotel, the International Business Center, and the Plaza Building. Despite their eccentric history, Tashkent today is the attractive and vibrant capital of Uzbekistan with super modern constructions quietly adjoined to a gray antiquity, memories of the past live near to skyscrapers.

TA S H K E N TTaSHKENT UZBEKISTA 3 1 2 11 4 5 6 12

8 7 9 10 13 11.. Kaffal-Al-Shashi Mausoleum 22.. Barak-Khan Madrassah 33.. Hazarati Imam Mosque 44.. Madrassah of Kulkeldash 55.. Juma Mosque / Khodja Akhror 66.. Sheikhantaur Mausoleum 77.. Monument of Courage 88.. History Museum of People of Uzbekista 99.. Alay Bazaar 1100.. Memorial of Mirzo Ulugbek 1111.. Chorsu Bazaar 1122.. Abdulkasim Sheikh Madrassah 1133.. Amir Temur Museum *Map Courtesy of Uzbek Tourism

TaSHKENT HISTORIC SITES UZBEKISTA Address: Samarkand Darvoza Street, Tashkent Coordinates: 41°19’24”N 69°14’10”E Madrassah of Kulkeldash The Madrassah of Kukeldash is one the most significant architectural sights of the 16th Century. It was constructed by the powerful vizier Kukeldash, a foster brother of Barak Khan, also the ruler of Tashkent Province. The madrassah was used as a caravanserai till 1860 before it served the khans of Kokand as a fortress. The madrassah had repeatedly fallen into ruins, tumbled by earthquakes in 1866 and 1886. Address: Karasaray Street, Тashkent Coordinates: 41° 20’ 13.24” N 69° 14’ 21.60” E Kaffal-Al-Shashi Mausoleum The Tashkent Mausoleum of Kaffal-Al-Shashi was constructed in honour of Imam Mohammed Abu Bakr Muhammad Kaffal Shashi who was born in the Shash (Tashkent today) region. The gravestone of Kaffal-Al-Shashi is located in the niche of the mausoleum. In 72spite of the fact that this building was rebuilt several times, local Muslims believe that this is the most sacred place in the city.

HISTORIC SITES Barak-Khan Madrassah The world famous Koran of Caliph Osman, the Ottoman Koran, is kept here. The book is the primary source of the holy book of Islam. The ancient manuscript consists of 353 parchment sheets. For centuries, it was kept in the treasury of the Caliphs (consistently in the cities of Medina, Damascus and then in Baghdad). Despite being transferred to a few places, the Koran was already in Uzbekistan in the 19th century. The Barak-Khan Madrassah was constructed during 15th-16th centuries from buildings which were constructed in different periods. First, there was mausoleum in the east part of today’s complex. Second was the dual domed mausoleum and the Khanaka (place for pilgrims), built in 1530 in the honor of the ruler of Tashkent Suyundj Khan Sheybani. Location: East of Tashkent Chorsu Bazaar Abdulkasim Sheikh Madrassah Madrassah Abdulkasim was built in the style of Renaissance East and was founded in the first half of the 19th century named after the highly educated and well-known Abdulkasim. Today, it is home to over 30 craftsmen; it is an astonishing place full of workshops inside the former madrassah. The most significant mention of Abdulkasim Sheikh Madrassah is the signing of a peace treaty by Russian General Chernyaev. Location: A.Navoi National Park, Tashkent

UZBEKISTATaSHKENT HISTORIC SITES Location: Karasaray Street, Тashkent Coordinates: 41 ° 20‘13:24“N 69 ° 14‘21.60“E Hazarati Imam Mosque The construction of the mosque was done in the shortest time (four months) in 2007 on the initiative of President Islam Karimov. The mosque itself is a unique symbol of Tashkent’s architectural style; at the entrance to the mosque there is a terrace with twenty-carved columns of sandalwood. The mosque also has two large blue domes, the interior of which is decorated with gold leaf similar to the Tillakari Madrassah in Samarkand. Window openings of domes are designed to allow ray of light to continuously penetrate inside the mosque from sunrise to sunset. At the entrance to the mosque, there are two minarets 53 meters in height. Amir Temur Monument You will see this great militant riding on his horse raising his hand blessing the nation with four wise words “The strength is in justice” engraved on the monument. Before the Amir Temur Monument, there was the General Kaufman Monument, later replaced by the Free Workers Monument in 1917, the October Revolution Monument in 1927, the Stalin Monument in 1947 and then, the Karl Marx Monument in 1968. Since 1993, Amir Temur proudly stands in the center of the square called “Amir Timur Hiyoboni” or Amir Temur Square. Location: Mirabad District, Tashkent Coordinates: 41°18’41”N 69°16’46”E

HISTORIC SITES Location: Mustaliqilik Maydoni Street,Tashkent Coordinates: 41°18’41”N 69°16’46”E Independence and Humanitarianism Monument The Independence Square was called “Avenue of Parades”, where military parades are held in conjunction with International Labour Day on May 9. The square consists of two important monuments which is the Arch of Independence and the Monument of Independence. There is a statue of a seated mother with a baby in her arms in front of the Monument of Independence representing the revival of Uzbekistan as a free independent state since 1991. Location: Samarkand Darvoza Street,Tashkent Coordinates: 41° 19’23.84”N 69° 14’12.15”E Juma Mosque / Khodja Akhror The Juma mosque is the third largest Friday mosque in Uzbekistan after the Bibi Khanum Mosque and the Kalyan mosque in Samarkand. The main Friday mosque was constructed in the middle of 7th century better known as the Timurid epoch Khodja Akhror from 1404 to 1490. The mosque was greatly destroyed by an earthquake and was only restored with funds provided by the Russian emperor, Alexander III and it became known as the royal mosque. Physical appearance changes upon reconstruction somehow do not change the impressive architectural experience.

UZBEKISTA TaSHKENT HISTORIC SITES The Monument of Courage The monument was built in 1976 in conjunction with the 10th anniversary of the massive earthquake scaled at 9 on the richter that destroyed almost half of the city of Tashkent. One of its side has an engraving with the inscription: April 26, 1966; and on the other side there is the engraved image of a clock-face showing 5.24am, the time the earthquake occured. Today, the monument symbolizes peace and well-being of Tashkent nations as well as how Tashkent people faced the earthquake courageously. Location: Sharaf Rashidov Avenue,Tashkent Coordinates: 41° 19’25.73”N 69° 16’20.81”E Zangi-ota Mausoleum Legendary saint Zangi-ota spent his life shepherd-gazing during the 14th century, an honourable job at that time. Zangi-ota meaning “Dark Father” was his nickname due to his dark skin color. The mausoleum was constructed during Amir Temur’s reign and in fact, the Zangi- ota mausoleum surely recognizes the style of monumental buildings of Amir Temur. Not far from the mausoleum is another popular place – the tomb of the wife of Saint Zangi-ota, holy Anbar Bibi. Location: Zangi-ota District, Tashkent

HISTORIC SITES Location: Mirzo Ulugbek Street,Tashkent Coordinates: 41° 20’15.50”N 69° 20’16.41”E Memorial of Mirzo Ulugbek This memorial was built in memory of a famous statesman and scholar Mirzo Ulugbek, who is the grandson of Amir Temur. In 1447, he had become the ruler of the great Temurid dynasty. The well known Ulugbek was a scholar of his time, an astronomer, a great mathematician and founder of the famous astronomical school in Samarkand, the Ulugbek Observatory which marked a great history in his astronomy book “Ulugbek Zidj” that consists of theoretical description and drawings of about 1,000 celestial bodies. Location: Old Town Across Navoi from the Navoi Literary Museum Yunus-Khan Mausoleum The biggest Tashkent Islamic University carries the name of Yunus Khan (1415 – 1487), grandfather of the Mughal emperor Babur. The mausoleum is locked but you can check out its attractive Temurid style pishtak (entrance portal).

UZBEKISTATaSHKENT HISTORIC SITES Sheikhantaur Mausoleum The memorial at Sheikh Havendi Takhur was built by order of Amir Temur over the grave of the Sheikh at the end of the 15th century. The personality of Havendi Takhur attracted his contemporaries and descendants who considered him as a Sheikh – the wisest of the wise. The Mausoleum of Sheikh Havendi Takhur is humble and modest as was his life. Only small inserts of blue majolica in the lancet compartments and a small tympanum above the entrance enliven the brickwork. Location: Navoi Street, Tashkent Coordinates: 41° 19’ 23” N , 69° 15’ 33” E TV Tower The  Tashkent Television Tower  is the tallest tower in Central Asia at 375m. The construction of the Tashkent TV Tower started in 1978 and began its operation 6 years later on 15th January 1985. It was the 3rd tallest tower in the world from 1985 to 1991.  It is of a vertical cantilever structure and is constructed out of steel.  The tower has an observation deck located 97 meters (318ft) above the ground. This tower belongs to the  World Federation of Great Towers ranked as the 8th tallest in the world. Location: Amir Temur Street, Tashkent Operation Hours : 10pm – 5pm Coordinates: 41° 20’ 44” N , 69° 17’ 03” E

HISTORIC SITES Amir Temur Museum The museum consists of the History of Temurids. The “Amir Temur Museum” is one refined architecture where the entire perimeter of the building is decorated with graceful paintings and carving. The museum windows are all arched niches making the entire place like a castle. From the early days of its existence, the museum has become a centre of scientific thought and education; its exhibits are of great historical value. These include jewellery, weapons, military attire and regalia, musical instruments, manuscripts, personal belongings of Amir Temur and Babur, astronomical instruments of Ulugbek and many other cultural treasures dating back to the Temurids era. The museum has more than three thousand collections of exhibits consisting of manuscripts, weapons, clothes, coins and many more that tells about the ancient history during the Amir Temur ruling. Location: 1,Amir Temur Street, 700000 Тashkent Operation Hours : 10am – 5pm *Closed on Monday Contact: (+98871) 133 6228 Email: [email protected] Website: www.temurid.uz Coordinates: 41° 18’ 49.24” N 69° 16’ 43.83” E

UZBEKISTATaSHKENT HISTORIC SITES Location: 3, Sharaf Rashidov Street,Tashkent OperationHours:10am– 6pm(Mon–Sat)*closedonSunday Email: [email protected] Website: www.history-museum.uz Coordinates: 41° 18’41.29”N , 69° 16’9.16”E History Museum People of Uzbekistan The State Museum of History of Uzbekistan, one of the oldest museums in Central Asia, was founded 136 years ago. The museum fund lists over 250,000 exhibits including over 60,000 archaeological, over 80,000 numismatic and 16,000 ethnographical items reflecting Uzbek’s history from the primitive times up to the present. Divided into 4 continents, the first floor had ancient Zoroastrian and several Buddha artifacts whereas the exhibits on the second floor tell the history of Uzbekistan from the ancient times up to Temurids era. Here you can experience artifacts dating back from over 1000 years ago, as well as exponents of medieval epoch in the Central Asia, an evidence of flourishing science and reflection of its culture. The third floor illustrates the latest history from the 19th century till now, specially dedicated to H.E President Islam Karimov. Location: 16, Mouveranakhr Street,Tashkent Contact: (+99871) 236 7436 Operation Hours: 10am - 5pm *closed on Monday Email: [email protected] Website: www.fineartmuzeum.uz Coordinates: 41° 18’10”N, 69° 16’40”E Museum of Fine Arts The museum walks you back to 1500 years of art in Uzbekistan from the 7th century, starting with Buddha related relics, pre-Russian Turkestan to Soviet Union contemporary works. Exhibiting more than 500 art works of sculpture, paintings, drawings, porcelain and such, the museum’s art collection has been rapidly replenished from the Turkestan Regional museum, Moscow and Leningrad museums. Besides, it also includes the works of Uzbek artists.

HISTORIC SITES Museum of Applied Arts Constructed in the end of the 10th Century, the Museum of Applied Arts elaborate the style of each dynasty by displaying various types of handicrafts such as suzanis, ceramic, jewellery, wood-carving, etc which had been made unique by famous craftsmen in Tashkent. There’s a gift shop located inside the museum which sells antiques from centuries ago. Location: Rakatboshi Street,Tashkent Operation Hours : 9am – 5pm Contact: (+99871) 252 1367 Email: [email protected] Website: www.artmuseum.uz Coordinates: 41° 18’4.35”N, 69° 15’33.88”E Parliament of Uzbekistan Location: Istikbol Street,Tashkent The building is located within the National Operation Hours : 9am – 4pm Park of Uzbekistan named after Alisher Coordinates: 41° 18’34”N , 69° 16’50”E Navoi. The Parliament is a round building Tashkent Clock Towers measuring 86 meters in diameter. The total Erected in 1947, it began serving the nation on area of the four-storey building is 27000sqm. 30 April 1947. I.A.Ayzenshteyn, a watchmaker The facade of the Parliament has 36 bright and resident of Tashkent brought the tower clock white fluted columns around the perimeter mechanism from Germany after World War II. This at the height of 18m. clock was hung on the tower of City Hall in East Prussia. However, the City Hall was destroyed but the The main hall of the Oliy Majlis is located mechanism of the clock remained. He put an idea to on the second floor. The first level is for build for the clock tower as a symbol ofTashkent. 350 members of the parliament and guests The newly constructed whereby the second level is for the press and Tashkent Twin Clock the third level is for the maintenance team. Towers  houses  a The height of the hall is 32m. The central showroom displaying chandelier has a height of 10m and 7.5m ancient  and diameter tubes made of 600 crystal elements contemporary jewellery and gold. The weight of the chandelier is masterfully created by 4.5 tons. The interior of the building uses members  of  crafts Bukharan and Ukrainian granite as well as dynasties. The old Twin marble from Samarkand. Clock Tower complex offers to visitors unique Address: 1, Bunyodkor Street, 100035Tashkent samples of traditional E-mail: [email protected] Uzbek arts and antiques. Website: www.parliament.gov.uz Coordinates: 41° 18’19.90”N , 69° 14’18.79”E

UZBEKISTATaSHKENT SHOPPING Bazaars & Markets Chorsu Bazaar Tashkent’s most famous farmers’ market lies in the middle of the city shaded by a giant green dome. It is a MUST visit place. Despite the language barrier, you must not be afraid to experience the delightful city that has been the Uzbek culture which has been preserved for more than 100 years. The unique complex accommodates the breadwinners of the city from different parts of Uzbekistan providing from daily necessities to handmade souvenirs. Do not leave the bazaar without getting the ripe melons, brightly-fleshed pomegranates or aromatic persimmons. Also, you will find embroidered kaftan skull and wood carving souvenirs to bring home. Location: 1, Zarqaynar Street, Tashkent / Chorsu Metro Station Operation Hours : 10am – 3pm Coordinates: 41°19’35”N, 69°14’4”E Alay Bazaar Inaugurated 150 years ago, it is the most advanced bazaar in Tashkent and is located close to the Amir Temur Square in the very center of Tashkent. Bek Baraka Wholesale Market Besides famous fruits and vegetables in the Slightly sided out of town, it is known as bazaar, you will also find a vast variety of a wholesale clothes market and is one meat and poultry as well as milk products. of the newest bazaars in Tashkent where There are plenty of shoplots and branded everything is at a very reasonable price. boutiques around Alay Bazaar. The first pavilion, consisting of 275 shops This is certainly the least noisy and crowded sells food products, the second pavilion bazaar in the city. Great interest for tourists with 350 shops sells industrial products as you can get closer to the everyday life of and the third pavilion which includes 200 Uzbek people. retail outlets offer home appliances and consumer goods. Location:Tashkent Ring Road,Tashkent Location: Amir Temur Street, Tashkent / Abdulla Operation Hours : 8am – 5pm Qodiriy Metro Station (Monday –Thursday) Operation Hours : 10am – 2pm Coordinates: 41°17’08”N, 69°11’27”E Coordinates: 41°19’09”N, 69°17’03”E

January SHOPPING Modern Shopping Complex Zarafshan Shopping Center Location: Broadway, Tashkent Operation Hours : 9am – 8pm Contact: (+99871) 233 4376 Coordinates: 41°18’44”N, 69°16’24”E Central Department Store Kontinent Location: 17, Uzbekistan Avenue, Location: 2, Mirabad Street, Tashkent Contact: (+99871) 256 4224 Tashkent Operation Hours : 11am – 11pm Contact: (+99871) 233 6288 Coordinates: 41°29’46”N, 69°16’03”E Operation Hours : 9am – 7 pm (Mon-Sat) Poytaxt Shopping Centre Website: tumarket.vdnh.ru Location: Zarafshan Street, Tashkent Email: [email protected] Operation Hours : 9am – 9pm Hamid Alimdjan Square Location: Mustaqillik Avenue, Tashkent Operation Hours : 10am – 9pm Mega Planet Shopping Mall Tashkent Shopping Centre Location: 2B, Akhmad Donish Street, Location: 3A, Navoi Street, Тashkent Operation Hours : 9am – 8pm Tashkent Operation Hours : 9am – 11pm Contact: (+99871) 129 3131 Web: mega-planet.uz Email: [email protected]

UZBEKISTATaSHKENT Bahor Restaurant Address: 8, Ahunbabaev Street, EATING OUT Tashkent Local Food & Cuisines Contact: (+99871) 233 7263 Operation Hours : 10am – 12am Art Café Uchkuduk Address: 332a, Uygur Street, Tashkent Contact: (+99871) 243 5905 Email: [email protected] Website: www.uchquduq.uz Operation Hours : 10am – 11pm Eski Shahar Restaurant Address: 35A, A. Kadiriy Street, Tashkent Contact: (+99871) 241 5200 Operation Hours : 11am – 11pm Golubie Kupola Theme Restaurant Address: 77, Sharaf Rashidov Street, Mirabad District, Tashkent Contact: (+99871) 256 2727 Email: [email protected] Website: www.facebook.com/GolubieKupola Operation Hours : 12pm – 12am Cafe Nur Address: 79, H Asomov Street, Tashkent Contact: (+99871) 241 1752 Email: [email protected] Website: www.bek.uz Operation Hours : 10am – 11pm

EATING OUT Central Asian Plov Center Central Asian Plov Cente’s atmosphere is colorful. Seen from the outside, it looks like a campground with a half dozen sooty black cauldrons boiling on the open fires. Address: 1, lftihor, Tashkent Operation hours : 10am – 2 pm Sarbon Apetit Restaurant Sato Restaurant Restaurant Sarbon Apetit is an elite themed Address: 16, Abdulla Qahhor Street, restaurant in the center of Tashkent. Besides the Uzbek pilav and kebabs, Sarbon Tashkent Apetit Restaurant serves various types of Contact:(+99871) 150 0660 Uzbek dishes that are cooked according Email: [email protected] to the ancient recipes passed down from Website: www.sato.caravangroup.uz generation to generation that you hardly find in other dining in Tashkent: guja, jarkop, mahara, shilpildok, hasip, halim, sumalak, holvartar.... Address: 92, Amir Temur Street, Tashkent Contact: (+99897) 400 1010 Email: [email protected] Website: www.sarbon-appetite.uz Marakanda Restaurant Address: 316, Karasaray Street, Sabir Rakhimov District, Tashkent Contact: (+99871) 228 6898, (+99890) 988 7750 Email: [email protected] Website: www.marakanda.uz Operation Hours : 11am – 12am Sharshara Restaurant Address: Off Gafur Gulyam Street, Tashkent Contact : (+99871) 144 5835

TaSHKENT EATING OUT UZBEKISTA Daidaiya Chinese Restaurant Address: 30, T.Shevchenko Street, Tashkent Contact: (+99871) 252 5694 (+99871)252 5694 Email: [email protected] Operation Hours : 11.30am – 11pm Al-Qasr Restaurant Jumanji Restaurant Address: 83, Babur Street, Tashkent Address: 62/2, Yusuf Hos Hozhib Street, Contact: (+99871) 281 4477 Yakkasaray district, Tashkent (+99871) 281 4787 Contact: (+99871) 255 8671 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Operation Hours : 12pm – 12am Website: izumi.caravangroup.uz/eng Operation Hours : 12am – 11pm Dar Restaurant Address: 21, H.Oripov Street, Tashkent Contact: (+99871) 237 3545 Email: [email protected] Website: www.dar.uz Operation Hours : 11am – 12am Druzhba Chinese Restaurant Izumi Japanese Restaurant Address: 12, Oybek Street, Tashkent Address: 18, A Kahhar Street, Yakkasaray Contact: (+99871) 252 7821 Operation Hours : 11am – 11pm District, Tashkent Contact: (+99871) 150 9949 Email: [email protected] Website: izumi.caravangroup.uz/eng Operation Hours : 12pm – 12am

EATING OUT Manas Art Cafe & Restaurant Address: 12, Usmon Nosir Street, Yakkasaray District, Tashkent Contact: (+99871) 252 3811 Website: www.manas.uz Ragu Indian Restaurant Address: 57, Hurshid Street, Tashkent Contact: (+99871) 140 4401 Website: [email protected] Operation Hours : 10am – 11pm 12 Chairs Restaurant Address: 89, Nukus Street, Tashkent Contact: (+99871) 129 1212 Email : [email protected] Website: www.12chairs.caravangroup.uz Ariston Park Restaurant Address: 21, H. Aripov Street, Tashkent Contact: (+99871) 237 2614 Email : [email protected] Website: www.aristonpark.uz Affresco Italian Restaurant Address: 14, Babur Street, Tashkent Contact: (+99871) 129 9090 Email : [email protected] Website : www.affresco.caravangroup.uz

UZBEKISTATaSHKENT NIGHTLIFE Cafe & Bars Ye Olde Chelsea Arms Pub Address: 25, A. Kahhar Street, Yakkasaray District, Tashkent Contact: (+99871) 215 7227 Email: [email protected] Website : www.chelsea.caravangroup.uz Operation Hours : 3pm – 5am Gasthaus Restaurant & Pub Address: 7, Ferghana Way Street, Tashkent Contact: (+99871) 299 7237 Website: www.gasthaus.uz Charrington English Club & Restaurant Address: 46, Ivlieva Street, Yakkasaray District, Tashkent Contact: (+99871) 255 6046 Email: [email protected] / [email protected] Website: www.yandex.ru Operation Hours : 12am – 12pm Churchill Cigar Bar Address: 5, Shakhrisabz Street, Mirzo Ulugbek District Tashkent Contact: (+99871) 178 0050 Email: [email protected] Website: www.brauhaus.uz Operation Hours : 12am – 12pm Night Club SMI Address: 32, Oybek Street, Tashkent Contact: (+99871) 157 5753 Neo Club (Former Sky Club) Baccara Address: 46, Ivlieva Street, Yakkasaray Address: Corner Amir Temur Street, District, Tashkent Tashkent Contact: (+99871) 120 5971 Contact: (+99871) 137 6358 Email: [email protected] Website: www.ragugroup.com Operation Hours : 12am – 12pm

ACCOMMOCATION 4 -5 Stars Hotel Dedeman Silk Road Hotel Intercontinental Address: 7/8, Amir Temur Street, Address: 107a, Amir Temur Street, Tashkent Tashkent Contact : (+99871) 120 3700, Contact: (+99871) 120 7000, (+99871) 234 4242 (+99871) 120 6459 Email : [email protected] Website : www.ichotelsgroup.com Website : www.orzu-hotels.com Park Turon Hotel Address: 1, Abdulla Kodiriy Street, Tashkent Contact: (+99871) 140 6000 Website: www.theparkturon.com Le Grande Plaza Hotel Address: 2, Uzbekiston Ovozi Street 100047, Tashkent Contact: (+99871) 120 6600 (ext. 707) Email : [email protected] Website: www.legrandeplaza.com Hotel Grand Mir Address: 2, Kunaev Street, Tashkent Contact: (+99871) 140 2000, 140 2040 Email : [email protected] Website: www.grandmirhotel.com Hotel Radisson SAS Address: 88, Amir Temur Street, Tashkent Contact: (+998 71) 140 2000 Email : [email protected] Website: www.tashkent.radissonsas.com

UZBEKISTATaSHKENT ACCOMMODATION Grand Orzu Hotel Address : 27, Makhmud Tarobi Street, Tashkent Contact : (+99871) 244 2808 Email : [email protected] Website : www.orzu-hotels.com Hotel Tashkent Palace Address : 56, Buyuk Turon Street, Tashkent Contact : (+99871) 120 5800 Email : [email protected] Website : www.tashkent-palace.com 3 Stars Grand Nur Hotel Sayohat Hotel Address: 83, Malaya Koltcevaya Street, Address: 115, Buyuk Ipak Yuli Street, 100047 100069 Tashkent Tashkent Contact: (+98871) 148 5555 Contact: (+99871) 268 6815 / Expo Hotel Address: 107, AmirTemur Street 10008, (+99871) 268 1630 Email: [email protected] Tashkent Website: www.sayokhat.uz Contact : (+988 71) 234 3494 Email : [email protected] Asia Tashkent Hotel Address: 20, Usman Nosir Street, Tashkent Contact: (+99871) 250 9680 Website: www.asiahotels.uz B+B Ali Tour Boutique Address: 26/2, Vokhidova, Hotel Hadra Tashkent, Address: 56a, Gafur Gulom Street, Contact: (+99871) 153 7162 Email: [email protected] Tashkent Contact: (+99871) 244 2808 Email : [email protected] Website: www.loricatour.com Komnata Otdikha Hotel Gulnara Guesthouse Address: Vokzal, City centre, Address: 40,  Usmon Khojaev Street, Tashkent Tashkent Contact: (+99871)199 7649 Contact : (+99871) 160 2816

The History “A very large and splendid city” As aptly described by Marco Polo in his journey along the Silk Road, Samarkand is one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world, prospering from its location on the trade route between China and the Mediterranean Silk Road. Samarkand is also known as the “crossroad of cultures”. The ancient city of Afrosiab, an important settlement in the 1st Millennium was one of the jewels of the Silk Road; surrounded by Sogdians in 700B.C under the Achaemenid Dynasty of Persia before Alexander the Great conquered it in 329B.C. SAMARKAND The Greeks referred to Samarkand as Marakanda to the Greeks. The architecture and townscape of Samarkand, situated at the crossroads of ancient cultures, are masterpieces of Islamic cultural creativity. This historic town illustrates its art, architecture and the most important stages of Central Asia and its cultural and political history. Samarkand is at least 2750 years old as traced in the holy Zoroastiaon book ‘Avesta’. Aside from its architectural history, Samarkand is the place of birth for the first paper mill in the world by two Chinese prisoners from the battle of Tallas in 751. Soon after, it spread to the west. Samarkand was the capital of Uzbekistan for 6 years from 1925 before returning the title back to Tashkent in 1930.

UZBEKISTA SAMARKAND 7. Sher-Dor Madrassah 8. Bibi Khanum Mosque 1. Museum of History & Art of Uzbek People 9. Shah-i-Zinda Ensemble 2. Ruhabad Museum 10. Ishrat-khan Mausoleum 3. Gur Emir Mausoleum 11.  Afrosiab Settlement 4. Mausoleum of Ak Saray 12. Saint Hazrati(Hizr) Mosque 5. Ulugbek Madrassah 6. Tilya-Kori Madrassah *Map Courtesy of Uzbek Tourism 1 2 SAMARKAND

11 12 9 8 6 7 5 3 4 10

UZBEKISTASAMARKAND HISTORIC SITES Location: Registan Street, Samarkand Fees: 3,700 som Coordinates: 39° 39’ 17.18” N 66° 58’ 32.46” E Registan Registan or “Sandy place” in Persian, was once the heart of the ancient city of Samarkand during the Temurid dynasty. Registan was a public square where people gathered to hear royal proclamations, heralded by blasts on enormous copper pipes called dzharchis and also a place of public executions. It framed by 3 madrassahs, namely, Ulugbek Madrassah(pg48), built during the Temurid Empire, Sher-Dor Madrassah(pg49), built during Yalangtush Bakhodur ruling and 10 years later, the Tilya-Kori Madrassah(pg49) which was not only a residential college for students, but also played the role of Friday mosque. Ulugbek Madrassah Built in 1417, both in Samarkand and Bukhara, was a large urban project incorporating several mosques, caravanserais and bazaars altogether. However, only Ulugbek Madrassah (largest Madrassah in Samarkand) survived after so many centuries. This madrassah faced the Registan Square directly. The madrassah operated until the late 17th century, before it was transformed into grain storage for more than a century. Teaching functions were then resumed in the early 20th century.