Body System Flipbook

Body System Flipbook Chelsea Walton , Memorial High School, 4A

Table of Contents Page 3-5: Integumentary System Page 5-8 Musculoskeletal System Page 9-11 Nervous System Page 12-14 Special Senses Page 15-17 Cardiovascular Page 18-20 Respiratory System Page 21-23 Urinary System Page 24-26 Reproductive System

Integumentary System Is an organ system consisting of skin and its structures acting to protect the body from damage. Functions to protect the body, excretion, thermoregulations, and protect deeper tissues.

Medical Professions Associated: Medical professions associated with Integumentary System: Dermatologists - Physicians who specialize in a diagnose and cure of skin disorders. Plastic Surgeons - Performs operations that change the appearance or look of a part of a patience body. 1. SKIN- Thin layer of tissue forming natural outer covering of the body. Key terms: 2. HAIR- Any of the fine threadlike strands growing from the skin of humans, mammals, and some other animals. Derm/o- Skin 3. NAILS- Covering on the upper surface of the tip of the finger and toe in humans and other primates. Kerat/o- Horn or cornea tissue 4. KERATIN- A fibrous protein forming the main structural constituent of hair, feathers, hoofs, claws, horns, etc. Xer/o- Dry 5. DERMIS- Thick layer of living tissue below epidermis which forms the true skin, containing blood capillaries, nerve endings, sweat glands, etc, Xanth/o- Yellow 6. EPIDERMIS- Outermost of the three tissues that make up the skin, inner layers being the dermis and hypodermis. Erythr/o- Red 7. SWEAT GLANDS- Small tubular structures of the skin that produce sweat. Pedicu/o- Foot/care Onych/o- Nails Myc/o- Fungus Pil/o- Hair Lip/o- Fat,lipid Rhytid/o- Wrinkle.oil Albin/o- white, deficient pigmentation 8. SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER- The lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. 9. ECZEMA- Medical condition where patches of skin become rough and inflamed with blisters causing bleeding. 10. ACNE. - Occurance of inflamed or infected sebaceous glands in the skin.

Diseases/disorders ( Integumentary System) & Stucture Ringworm- Contagious skin disease (Round patch) Acne- Inflamed or infected glands in the skin by red pimples on face. Athletes foot- Fungal infection affecting the skin in between the toes. Warts- Small hard growth on the skin, caused by a virus. Structure & labeled:

Musculoskeletal System The human musculoskeletal system is an organ system that gives humans the ability to move using their muscular and skeletal systems. Function of musculoskeletal system is to provide form, support, stability, and movement to the body.

Medical Professions for Musculoskeletal System Chiropractor- A chiropractor is a healthcare professional focused on the diagnosis and treatment neuromuscular disorders, they focus mainly on back work and other pain causing places but also focus on other places of the body. Orthopedic Surgeon- An orthopedic surgeon is a surgeon who has been educated and trained in the diagnosis and preoperative, operative, and postoperative treatment of diseases and injuries of the skeletal system. Vocab: Key terms: Muscle- A band or bundle of fibrous tissue in human body that has ability to contract. my/o- Muscle Contract- To shorten or undergo an increase tension myel/o- Marrow Bicep-Any of several muscles having two points of attachment at one end. oste/o- Bone Joints- Part of the body where two or more bones meet to allow movement. cost/o- Rib Heart- Hollow muscular organ that pumps blood through the circulatory system by crani/o- Skull rhythmic contraction and dilation. -pexy- surgical fixation, suspension Protein- Nitrogenous organic compounds that consist of large molecules of one or more chondr/o- Cartilage amino acids. arthr/o- Joint Deltoids- A large, triangular muscle covering the joint of the shoulder. -plegia- Paralysis Strength- Quality or state of being physically strong. kinesi/o- Movement Jawbone-Bone of the jaw. Movement- Act of changing physical location or position of having this changed.

Diseases/disorders (Musculoskeletal) & Structure Carpal tunnel syndrome: the compression of the median nerve as it passes Labeled Structure: into the hand. Swelling inside your wrist causes the compression in carpal tunnel syndrome. It can lead to numbness, weakness, and tingling on the side of your hand near the thumb. Tendinitis: thick cords that join your muscles to your bones. When tendons become irritated or inflamed, the condition is called tendinitis Osteoarthritis: cartilage breaks down, causing the bones within the joint to rub together. This can cause pain, stiffness, and other symptoms. Fibromyalgia: Fibromyalgia causes what’s now referred to as “regions of pain.” Some of these regions overlap with what was previously referred to as areas of tenderness called “trigger points” or “tender points.” However, some of these previously noted areas of tenderness have been excluded.

Nervous System The network of nerve cells and fibers which transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body. Function: The nervous system is a highly complex part that coordinates its actions and sensory information by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body.

Medical Professions Neurological Surgeon: A medical doctor who operates on the nervous system, including the brain, spinal column and nerves. Neurobiologist: Specializes in the biology of the nervous system. Vocab: Brain-The brain is the portion of the central nervous system located within the Key Terms- cranium which is responsible for everything a person does Neur- Nerve Brainstem-The brainstem is a stalk-like structure that is below and partially Encephal- Brain covered by the cerebrum. Myel-Marrow Cell body-Cell is the fundamental unit of tissue. Ambul/o-Walking -esthesia-sensation/feeling Central nervous system (CNS)-The central nervous system controls all the mening/o- membranes functions of the body. Psych/o- Derranged Cerebral hemisphere-Cerebral refers to the brain. concuss/o- shaken together/concussion Midbrain-The midbrain is the most superior portion of the brainstem. Neurons-Neurons control all the functions of the nervous system. Peripheral nervous system (PNS)-Peripheral refers to away from the center Plexus-A plexus is a network of intersecting nerves and blood vessels. Sensory neuron-Sensory refers to sensation.

Diseases/disorders- Nervous System Alzheimer's disease- attacks brain cells and neurotransmitters (chemicals that carry messages between brain cells), affecting the way your brain functions. Bell’s palsy- is a sudden weakness or paralysis in one side of the face. Cerebral palsy- is a condition in which the ability to control muscles is reduced due to nervous system damage before, during or after birth. Epilepsy- is a long-term brain condition where a person has repeated seizures. Labeled Structure of nervous system:

Special Senses In medicine and anatomy, the special senses are the senses that have specialized organs devoted to them vision, hearing, smell, and taste. The functions of the five special senses include: Vision. Sight or vision is the capability of the eye... Hearing. Hearing or audition is the sense of sound perception. Taste. Taste refers to the capability to detect the taste of substances such as food,... Smell. Smell or olfaction is the other \"chemical\" sense; odor molecules possess a variety...

Medical Professions associated w Special Senses Ophthalmologists: a specialist in the branch of medicine concerned with the study and treatment of disorders and diseases of the eye. Optometrist: a person who practices optometry. Key terms: irid/o- iris Vocab: -opia-visual disorder sensory:relating to sensation or the physical senses; transmitted or ot/o-ear perceived by the senses. tympan/o- ear drum texture:the feel, appearance, or consistency of a surface or substance. opthalm/o- eye/sight smell:the faculty that enables us to distinguish scents -metry- process of measuring feelings:emotional or moral sensitivity taste:the faculty of distinguishing sweet, sour, bitter, and salty properties in the mouth expression:the communication of your beliefs or opinions sound:mechanical vibrations transmitted by an elastic medium sight:the ability to see; the visual faculty vision:the faculty or state of being able to see. hearing:the faculty of perceiving sounds. motion:the action or process of moving or being moved.

Disorders/diseases Acoustic neuroma: Benign tumor in acoustic nerve in the brain causing tinnitus, vertigo, and decreased hearing Cataract: Clouding of the lens, causing decreased vision Diabetic retinopathy: Retinal effects of diabetic mellitus Presbycusis: Hearing loss occurring with old age Labeled Structure:

Cardiovascular System Cardiovascular is an organ system that permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients This system has three main functions: Transport of nutrients , oxygen , and hormones to cells throughout the body and removal of metabolic wastes

Medical professions Cardiologist. Cardiologists are medical doctors who specialize in treating heart conditions. Heart Failure Nurse. Heart failure nurses are registered nurses who specialize in caring for patients. Vocab: Key Terms: Blood Pressure-The force that blood exerts on the artery walls. cardi/o- heart Pacemaker-Located in the right atrium, sends out signals that angi/o- blood/lymph vessel regulate the heartbeat rate. hem/o- blood Septum-Thick wall of tissue that separates the heart into right and Brady-slow left sides. Tachy-rapid Atrium-Two upper chambers of the heart (Collecting Chambers) thromb/o- blood clot Vein-Blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart. (Valves) -emia- condition of the blood Antibodies-A protein, in the blood, that detects and kills foreign or leuk/o-white different proteins. erythr/o-red/ red blood cell Pulmonary-Lung arteri/o-artery Capillary-Microscopic, one cell thick, vessels that connect veins and arteries. (Swiss Cheese) Aorta-Largest blood vessel, artery, in the body. Hemoglobin-An iron-containing protein that binds to oxygen and makes blood red.

Diseases/disorders Labeled Structure: Cerebrovascular disease (Stroke) refers to a problem with the circulation of blood in the blood vessels of the brain. Peripheral vascular disease affects the circulation primarily in the legs Heart failure occurs when the pumping action of the heart cannot provide enough blood to the rest of the body as it is needed. Congenital heart disease is a problem with the structure of the heart arising because of a birth defect.

Respiratory System The respiratory system is the organs and other parts of your body involved in breathing, when you exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. Functions: The human respiratory system is a series of organs responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide.

Medical Professions A pulmonologist is a doctor who diagnoses and treats diseases of the respiratory system- the lungs and other organs that help you breathe. Otolaryngologist- A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases associated with the ear, nose and throat as well as adjacent structures of the head and neck. Key Terms Vocab Bronch/o- bronchus/ dilation of bronchus Nose-An airway for Oxygen. Cyan/o-blue Nasal Septum-The partition separating the 2 nasal cavities in the midplane. Laryng/o- throat Mucus-The secretion of the Mucous Membranes. Oxy-oxygen Pharynx-The throat, including the nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx. pleur/o- two membranes around the lungs Larynx-The voice box that contains the vocal cords pneum/o- air or gas Trachea-Windpipe. pulmon/o- lung Bronchi-The larger air passages of the lungs branching out from the trachea. thorac/o- upper chest Alveoli-Clusters of air sacs at the end of the bronchial tree. trache/o-windpipe Expiration/Exhalation-Breathing out. Dyspnea-Painful or difficult breathing.

Labeled Structure: Diseases/disorder Asthma. Your airways narrow and make too much mucus. Bronchiectasis. Inflammation and infection make your bronchial walls thicker. Lung cancer. Cells in your lung change and grow into a tumor. This often happens because of smoking or other chemicals you’ve breathed in. Sarcoidosis. Tiny clumps of inflammatory cells called granulomas form, often in your lungs and lymph nodes.

Urinary System The urinary system, also known as the renal system or urinary tract, consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the urethra. The purpose of the urinary system is to eliminate waste from the body, regulate blood volume and blood pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulate blood pH.

Medical Professions - Urinary System Urologic Oncologists. Urologic oncologists deal with tumors in the urinary tract or genital system. Male Centered Specialist- A reproductive endocrinologist is a physician who specializes in assisting men with issues of male infertility Key Terms: Vocab: -cele: hernia -lysis: breakdown/seperation urinary system-the system that includes all organs involved in reproduction and in the formation and cyst/o: urinary bladder voidance of urine nephr/o: kidney renal cortex-the cortex of the kidney containing the glomeruli and the convoluted tubules ren/o:kidney apex-the highest point, tip -uria: urination medullary pyramids-striped, or striated, appearance of triangular pyramid of segments of the medulla -pexy: fixation calyx-cup-shaped part of the renal pelvis through which urine passes from the renal tubules -ectasis: dilation renal vein-veins that accompany renal arteries pyel/o:renal pelvis filtration-the process whereby fluids pass through a filter or a filtering medium urea-waste product formed in the liver, filtered out of the blood by the kidneys, and excreted in urine urochrome-the yellow pigment that gives color to urine urinary bladder-a membranous sac for temporary retention of urine micturition-the discharge of urine

Diseases/disorders - Urinary System Renal Disease and Failure- Renal failure uremia is a syndrome of renal failure characterized by elevated levels of urea and creatinine in the blood. Nephroptosis (Floating Kidney) Nephroptosis is an abnormal condition in which the kidney drops down into the pelvis when the patient stands up. Labeled Structure:

Reproductive System The reproductive system of an organism, also known as the genital system, is the biological system made up of all the anatomical organs involved in sexual reproduction. The female reproductive system is designed to carry out several functions. Ovaries, the female reproductive organs, have two main functions: to produce female germ cells (called eggs or oocytes) and hormones (estrogen and progesterone), which regulate the function of the ovaries. The male reproductive system consists of a number of sex organs that play a role in the process of human reproduction.

Medical Professions - Reproductive Urology- the study of surgical and medical diseases of the male and female reproductive system. This includes the urinary tract system and the male reproductive organs. Obstetrics- the study of caring for women before, during, and after pregnancy. Key Terms: Vocab: cervic/o: neck amenorrhea-absence or suppression of normal menstrual flow salping/o: fallopian tube areola-small circular area such as that around the human nipple ov/o: egg artificial insemination-process of placing semen into opening of cervix using either husband or donor sperm, orchid/o: testis cervix-the opening to the uterus oophor/o: ovary clitoris-organ of sensitive erectile tissue anterior to the opening of the female urethra men/o: menstruation coitus-the act of sexual procreation between a man and a woman gynec/o: female Dysmenorrhea- painful menstrual flow colp/o: vagina endometriosis-the presence of endometrium elsewhere than in the lining of the uterus prostat/o:prostate gland fertilization-process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell fibroid tumors- benign muscle tumors in the uterus

Diseases/disorders - Reproductive Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) A sexually transmitted infection is passed between people during unprotected sexual intercourse with an infected partner. Ovarian Cyst. - is the growth of a sac within an ovary. Labeled Structure:

Couple of sources: https://www.visiblebody.com/learn/respiratory/diseases-and-disorders#:~:text=Respiratory%20System%20Pathologies%3 A%20Common%20Diseases%20and%20Disorders%201,Chest%20Trauma%20Can%20Cause%20Pneumothorax%2C %20a%20Collapsed%20Lung. https://www.dummies.com/careers/medical-careers/medical-billing-coding/basic-body-system-terms-used-in-medical-codi ngbilling/#:~:text=Basic%20Body%20System%20Terms%20Used%20in%20Medical%20Coding%2FBilling,Eyes%20and %20ears%20%207%20more%20rows%20