BOOST 3

3 english coursebook student’s book + workbook









Student’s Book + Teacher’s Book Workbook

1 1 Society

warm up A Look at the pictures and discuss the following questions. B Match the words with their language origins. 1 How difficult is it to live under such conditions? 1 Hindi a balcony 2 Do you think you can be a part of any of these cultures? 2 Italian b chimpanzee 3 Which community would you choose to live in? 3 Arabic c zombie 4 African Languages d sofa a 5 Chinese e bungalow b 6 Spanish f hurricane g cheetah h ketchup c C Work in pairs and do the activity below. 2 1 What are some English words in your language? List at least ten of them and use your dictionary for their definitions. B Do the quiz on page 140. vocabulary foreign words in English pronunciation sentence stress A Match the following words with the pictures. A Work in pairs and read the boost box below. Then, mark a balcony b chimpanzee c zombie d sofa e bungalow f hurricane g cheetah h ketchup the content words in the following sentences. 12 Boost Box Content words are words that have meaning. They name objects of reality and their qualities. Structure words are words that have little or ambiguous meaning. They are used for grammatical relations. It is usually possible to understand the sentence even after you take out the structure words. But when you take out content words, the sentence loses its meaning. e.g. Could you open the door? I have lost my key. (Grammatically correct and complete sentence. Bold words are content words) Open door. Lost key. (Grammatically incomplete sentence but it is simple to understand. We stress these words when we pronounce the sentence. 1 The birds are very loud. 2 Elisa won 1st prize. 3 4 3 Could you help me in the kitchen? 4 Will you turn on the TV, please? 5 That car is expensive. 5 6 B 1.1 Listen to the sentences and check your answers in exercise A. C Practice pronouncing the sentences in A. Don’t forget to stress content words. 78

reading A Read the title of the text and discuss the following questions. 1 What do you know about the pygmy people? 2 Where do you think they live? THE PYGMY PEOPLE B Complete the sentences with the correct words below. The Pygmy people live in tropical Africa, around and a survive b depleted c essential south of the equator. They are the original inhabitants d diversity e citizen of the continent and the rainforest has been their traditional environment for a long time. Most of them live in traditional villages and try to survive as hunters 1 Protein is ___________ for building up muscles. 3 and gatherers. 2 I was born in Germany and I am a German Pygmies are typically smaller than other people. ___________ . They generally grow to an average height of 150 cm. 3 The German army had ___________ all its According to one theory, pygmies are short because there is not enough sunlight in the tropical rainforest supplies before reaching Moscow. so people do not get enough calcium and vitamin D to 4 To ___________ in the wild, you need to know grow taller. Another theory says that their small size has helped them survive in the rainforest. Being small how to make fire. allows them to move quicker in the rainforest. 5 The Pacific Ocean is home to a rich ___________ Pygmies have strong bonds with nature and with the of marine species. forest. They consider the forest to be their home, the source of their livelihood and their spiritual center. C Read the text and find the paragraphs that They also make their own medicine from various plants and herbs in the forest. Traditionally, pygmies have the answers to the questions below. live deep in the woods. It takes a few days to get to their living area on foot. 1 What is unusual about their physical state? 2 Where do they live? Pygmies do not deplete natural resources and maintain 3 Why do they move from their villages? a good balance within the rainforest. The great spirit of the forest is called ‘jengi’ by many communities. It D Work in pairs and discuss the questions plays an essential role in the ceremonies. It is one of the few common words for most groups across the below. African continent. They believe that the forest protects them and provides them with the basics of life. 1 Do you know any ethnic group with unusual beliefs? Today, some of the tribes make handicrafts and sell 2 How can one adapt to a different culture? them to tourists. They also trade with their neighbors 3 What are the three most important rules of life? to get the food that they need to survive. These days, (answers may vary) more and more pygmies are leaving their homes in the tropical rainforest. They move to places where they a enjoy life can find work on farms or in mines. b eat healthy c learn as much as you can d work hard, study hard and never have fun e take out the trash on time f tidy up your room g read a lot of books h respect others

grammar verb tenses review A Look at the images a-c and match them to the correct B Read the following sentences and correct the mistakes. sentence 1-3. 1 Italian people eats a lot of pasta. a 2 Many people wearing jeans these days. 3 Traditions has become more important to many people recently. 4 They doesn’t live in Africa. 5 Their culture hasn’t change a lot. 6 The country gets richer at the moment. C Complete the sentences using: Present Simple, Present Continuous or Present Perfect. b 1 We generally _______ (drink) tea after dinner. 4 2 Many people in my community _______ (not wear) traditional clothes these days. 3 Women in my country often _______ (work) and take care of children. 4 My family _______ (live) in this area for many generations. 5 In my culture, we _______ (not eat) a lot of rice. 6 More and more people _______ (travel) these days. 7 I _______ never _______ (visit) South America before. 8 The food we eat _______ (not change) a lot since I was young. boost grammar 116 speaking c A 1.2 Listen to the dialog and answer the following questions. 1 Is Jared curious about Pygmies? 2 Are there any Pygmies in Turkey? 1 Gabriela has just had her haircut so she looks happy. B Work with a partner. Discuss some of the unusual 2 Nina and Dave are looking for a new house to buy. 3 Ralph is a busy man. He works late every day. cultures you have come across, then make a short summary of your discussion and share it with the rest of the class. C Now think of your own culture and find the major differences between the cultures mentioned in exercise B. D Do the same thing again to find the similarities of those cultures with your own.

warm up grammar questions and question words A Work in groups of three. Discuss the differences A Ask questions with each of the question words. between the terms ‘culture’ and ‘lifestyle’. 1 He spent the evening playing cards (what) What did he do? B Work with a partner. Look at the pictures and discuss 2 Jane went home quickly after the concert (who, when) the following questions. 3 Sarah had to leave early because her mother was waiting for her outside. (why, who) 4 This is John’s book, so don’t lose it (whose) ab 5 We are traveling to Scotland first thing in the morning. (where, when) 1 What are some of the most unusual traditions in your culture? 2 Can you simply describe an unusual tradition to the class? 6 We go to the Italian restaurant about once a week (how often, where) vocabulary common compound nouns B Ask questions for the underlined words. Boost Box 1 Jake (a) caught six big fish (b) in the lake (c) today. 5 Compound noun is a noun that is made up of two or more words. They are usually formed by a noun plus noun or an adjective. 2 Maria plays tennis (a) every Sunday (b). e.g. The words foot and ball are each nouns on their own, but if you join them together they form a new word – football. 3 Richard and John (a) didn’t enjoy their last vacation in France (b)? 4 The school committee (a) will organize a conference (b) in the summer (c). A Match the words to their endings. C Use the following prompts to make questions. Remember a chair... 1…ground to use the correct tenses. b back... 2...phone c grass... 3...hopper 1 Who / you / with / on last New Year’s Day? d vine... 4...spoon e tea... 5...yard 2 What / you / generally / buy / your friends / on their birthdays? f ear... 6...man 3 Where / you / keep / your books in the house? B Match the words in exercise A to their definitions. 4 Who / your favorite writers? 1 plantation of grape 5 How often / you / clean your room? 2 you mix tea with it 3 manager, executive D Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions in exercise 4 a device that’s used to transfer sound from a music player to your ears C with your partner. 5 past, history, experience 6 an insect with long legs boost grammar 117 C Work with a partner. Use your dictionary and find ten more compound nouns (noun + noun). Make a list of them and share it with the rest of the class.

reading THE AMISH PEOPLE A Work with a partner and discuss the following questions. 1 The Amish are members of a religious community. They are 1 Who do you think the people in the pictures are? known for living in isolated communities. They reject most modern 2 What do you know about them? technology and they have a unique and conservative style of dressing. They are also famous with their black felt hats and B Read the title and the first paragraph of the text and horse-drawn vehicles. discuss the following question. 2 1 What is the text about? In the United States, they mostly live in Pennsylvania, the Midwest, Ohio, and Indiana. There are also Amish members of the society in Canada, especially in Ontario. Many of them live in rural areas and do farming. They live in their own Amish communities and support each other’s lifestyle and beliefs. 3 The Amish put a great emphasis on the values of the morale 6 including but not limited to humility and calmness. Family, community, and separation from the world are also important for the Amish. They strictly avoid pride, arrogance. This means that they try not to be forward, self-promoting, or assertive in any way. 4 The use of electricity is avoided by the Amish. They believe that using electricity connects them to the world and it brings harm to the community. The Amish prefer farming as a way of life, so they stay in the rural environment. There are exceptions to this ban; for example, they use certain types of farm equipment, such as milking equipment and electric fences. 5 The Amish generally make their clothes themselves. Their simple clothing reflects their resistance to change, respect for tradition. Men and boys wear black hats, dark-colored suits, suspenders, black socks and shoes. Men must grow beards after marriage, but they are not allowed to grow moustaches. Amish women and girls wear bonnets, long full dresses with capes over the shoulders. They wear black shoes and stockings. Amish women never cut their hair, they wear it in a bun. They are not allowed to wear jewelry.

writing C Work with a partner and match the questions to the A Read the structures below to help you write an opinion correct paragraph. paragraph. a Where do Amish people live? Thesis statement: It is the most 7 b How do the Amish dress? What are their codes about personal important sentence in the paragraph. appearance? It covers all the other ideas in the c Who are the Amish people? paragraph. In an opinion paragraph, d What kind of practices do they have in their everyday life? it starts with an expression like “I e What kind of values are important for the Amish people? think”, “in my opinion”, etc. Main Idea 1: The first main idea. D Match the words in bold from the text to their Details, examples: Details and examples related to the first main synonyms. idea. 1 rural Main Idea 2: The second main idea. 2 humility Details, examples: Details and 3 pride examples related to the second main 4 arrogance idea. 5 stockings Main Idea 3: The third main idea. 6 bun Details, examples: Details and examples related to the third main a modesty idea. b agricultural Concluding Sentence: This is the c leggings last sentence. It summarizes the paragraph or repeats the thesis statement using different words. d dignity e bread B Use the format above to write about an opinion f ego paragraph about a community in your culture. First find E Work with a partner and find out if there are any out what you want to write about (lifestyle, clothing, beliefs, etc. of the people). Then develop a thesis similar beliefs to the Amish in your country. If so write statement. Compare your thesis statement with your a short passage about them and share it with the class. partner’s thesis statement. C Now find two or three main ideas related to the thesis statement. D Find details and examples for each main idea. Then put together the different parts of your paragraph and share it with the class.

warm up reading A Work with a partner and discuss the questions below. A Work in pairs and discuss the following questions. 1 What makes you proud of your country? 1 What are some big multi-cultural cities in your country? 2 What makes a society great? 2 Which ethnic groups live there and which languages do they 3 Does it matter what foreigners think of your country? speak? B Work with the same partner and discuss the following B Read the first paragraph of the text and find the best statement. title from a-c. “We may have different religions, different languages, different a Crowded and Busy Cities colored skin, but we all belong to one human race.” b Multi-Cultural Cities Kofi Annan c Green Cities vocabulary negative prefixes ___________________________ In large cities all around the world, you can find a vast variety of A Match the prefixes a-f to the words 1-6. people living together. In an online survey, we asked people about the most multi-cultural cities in the world and these are some of a dis- b il - c im- the most popular answers. d ir- e un- f in- 8 1 comfortable 2 agree 3 legal Amsterdam 4 possible 5 resistible 6 sane B Complete the following definitions with the words in Amsterdam is the largest city in the Netherlands. It has a diverse population. There are approximately 178 different nationalities in exercise A. the city. This city is a mixture of friendly people from all over the 1 ______ has the opposite meaning of ‘sensible’, ‘mentally- world. It also has a great number of multi-lingual people. There healthy’. are many cultural events for multi-lingual people in Amsterdam all 2 If you ______ with someone it means that you don’t have the year round. One of these is the Dutch Theater Festival with great same idea with them. performances. We asked people what language the performances 3 ______ means attractive, captivating. were in and the answer was surprising. You don’t need to speak 4 If something or someone is ______, they are forbidden by laws. any particular language. Anyone can watch and understand them. 5 If something is ______, it means that it is too hard to be done. 6 ______ things and places cause distress. speaking London A 1.3 Listen to the conversation and discuss the following London is the largest city in the UK. It has one of the most ethnically diverse populations in the world. You can find people from India, questions with a partner. Jamaica, Ghana and many more. About one-third of the people in London were born in a foreign country. The official language 1 What do people do during Bairam? is English, but people speak about 200 languages in the streets. 2 Why does Juan think Ali's country is interesting? People still continue to live their traditions and culture. We asked people what some festivals in the city were. The answers were B Work in groups of three. Brainstorm some of your Notting Hill Carnival, Caribbean Street Party, and Diwali or Festival of Lights. traditions and foreign traditions that you know about. Then, discuss the similarities and differences. C Work with a partner and create a conversation about your own city telling your partner about the common traditions of the region.

Los Angeles 9 Los Angeles is located in Southern California. It is one of the most multicultural cities in the world. It has people from approximately 140 countries and they speak 86 different languages. We asked people which city had the most immigrant-friendly laws. The answer was Los Angeles. There is no majority of any population of people here. It has many cultural neighborhoods such as Koreatown, Little Tokyo, and Boyle Heights — an area popular with the Latino community. There are many other great, multi-cultural, metropolitan cities in the world. A great variety of people in all of those cities lives together. They speak many different languages. Visiting one or two of these cities almost feels like doing a world tour. C Match the following words to their definitions. 1 multi-cultural (adj) 2 diverse (adj) 3 multi-lingual (adj) 4 immigrant (n) 5 survey (n) 6 metropolitan (adj) a having many cultures together b having a great variety, consisting of many different kinds c a densely-populated area d a person who moves from one country to another to live e asking a series of questions to gather information f related to more many languages D Write down at least two details about each city. Amsterdam: London: Los Angeles: E Read the text again and find out what the numbers below refer to. a 178 b 200 c 140 d 86

listening grammar indirect questions A 1.4 Listen to the conversation between two people and A Read the sentences below and compare them. answer the following questions 1 Where are they from? a “Where is Will going?” 2 Why is Carla living in Tokyo at the moment? b “Do you know where Will is going?” 3 What does Damien like about Tokyo? 4 What did Damien do in Berlin? B Read the examples below and match them to their 5 Where did they decide to go tomorrow? usages. B Listen again. Write down at least two details about each 1 “Can you tell me what Helen studies at university?” 2 “I was wondering if it is raining outside.” city from the conversation. 3 “Do you know how old Wendy is?” İzmir: a In indirect questions, ‘verb to be’, ‘have / has’ or modal verbs Tokyo: come after the subject. Berlin: b In indirect questions with ‘do / does / did’, these helping verbs are omitted and the question is formed like an affirmative one. C Work with a partner. Discuss the following questions. c When the direct question is a ‘yes / no question’, we make the indirect question / request using if, instead of a question word. 1 What makes a city great? 2 What makes you want to live in a city? C Rewrite the direct questions below in indirect forms. 3 Does society have an effect on how great a city can be or not? 10 Give reasons. 1 “What are you cooking for dinner?” I was wondering … D Work in pairs of three. Write your own conversation 2 “Where do you come from?” I’d like to know … about some of the greatest cities in the world. 3 “Could you take us to the office today?” Would it be possible … pronu ncia tion sounds b / p 4 “Did you see Bob yesterday?” Can you tell me … A 1.5 Listen and circle the word that you hear in each 5 “Where is the post office?” Do you know … section. 1 peas – bees D Change the following questions into indirect questions. 2 back – pack 3 cab – cap 1 The old woman on the street asked, “Where is the nearest post 4 mob – mop office”? 2 My parents, “Where were you until this time?” B Work with a partner. Take turns saying the words 3 The teacher, “Have you completed the homework from last week?” below to your partner. 4 The shopkeeper, “How many cans of cola do you want?” 1 boring – pouring 5 The taxi driver, “What is the exact address of your house?” 2 bear – pear 3 big – pig boost grammar 117 4 bath – path C Work with the same partner. Use your dictionary to find more words that have similar pronunciation but are very different words.

warm up vocabulary collocations: do / make A Watch the silent videos and answer the question below. Boost Box Video 1 Video 2 Video 3 We generally use ‘do’ for everyday jobs and tasks: 1 Who are the people in each video? do the shopping; do my homework a two colleagues b two parents We use ‘make’ about creating something. Make a cake, make a c a grandson and a grandmother suggestion, make an offer 2 What do you think they are talking about? B Work with a partner and discuss the following A Use ‘make’ or ‘do’ before the following words. questions. 1 Do you ever have small conversations with random people in 1 ___ a course 2 ___ an arrangement 3 ___ time your daily life? 2 What are they generally about? 4 ___ money 5 ___ business 6 ___ a speech 3 Where do you generally have these conversations? B Match the expressions in exercise A with the pictures. abc 11 de f

listening A Work with a partner and discuss the following questions. 1 In which situations do people usually have random conversations? 2 What do they generally talk about? B 1.6 Work with the same partner, listen and discuss the following questions. 1 Where does each conversation take place? Conversation 1: Conversation 2: 2 Which expressions do the people use to start the conversations in the dialogs above? 12 Conversation 1: Conversation 2: 3 Which sentences keep the conversation going? Conversation 1: Conversation 2: 4 What do the people in the conversations talk about? Conversation 1: Conversation 2: 5 What do they say about each other? Conversation 1: Conversation 2: C Listen again and mark the sentences as true or false. 1___ Lucy likes the cafe. 2___ Jacob doesn’t like the coffee there. 3___ Jacob has never tried the donuts there. 4___ Jacob leaves to catch a bus 5___ Bus number 12 goes to downtown. 6___ The weather is rainy. 7___ The rain doesn’t create any problems for traffic.

everday english starting and ending C Look back at the charts in exercise A and add at least a conversation (small talk) one more possible sentence to each section. A Match the following expressions to the given subjects. 1 social events 2 things happening these days 3 office talk 4 while walking outside 5 while waiting 6 weather talk a Nice day, isn’t it? It rains a lot these days, doesn’t it? I hear it will be windy all weekend. b Did you catch the news today? Did you hear about the fire in the city center? How about the match tonight? Do you think our team is going to lose again? c This has been such a long and hard week, hasn’t it? You look like you could use a cup of tea. What do you think of the new computers? d So, how do you know Alan? 1 I like your dress. Can I ask where you bought it from? It is a nice place, isn’t it? e How old’s your baby? 13 Nice day to be out, isn’t it? boost grammar 118 The new park is good, isn’t it? speaking What’s your dog’s name? f Looks like the bus is going to be late today. A Read the conversation and fill in the gaps with the Such a busy day, isn’t it? expressions below. How long have you been waiting? B Match the conversation topics to the images below. 1 social events 2 things happening these days a How do you know him b My name is Jessie 3 office talk 4 while walking outside c Hope to see you soon d That’s interesting 5 while waiting 6 weather talk e Well, black coffee would be fine f Do you work here a b Eric: Hi, I’m Eric. Jessie: Hello, Eric. (1) ___________. cd Eric: Nice to meet you, Jessie. (2) ___________? Jessie: No, I don’t. I’m just here to visit my friend, Lucy. Eric: Lucy? She is my office mate. (3) ___________? Jessie: Really? She is my next-door neighbor. Eric: (4) ___________. What about having a drink while waiting for her? Jessie: Thanks a lot. (5) ___________. Eric: Okay. Here you are. Jessie: Thank you, Eric. (6) ___________. Eric: See you, Jessie. B 1.7 Listen and check your answers in exercise A. e f2 C Work with a partner. Student A Go to page 141 and student B go to page 150 read the roleplay cards and role- play the situation.

BOOST UP A Choose the language origin of each word. 1 balcony 3 bungalow a Hindi a Arabic b Italian b Indian c Arabic c Spanish d Chinese d Chinese 2 chimpanzee 4 hurricane a Italian a Hindi b Spanish b African Languages c African Languages c Arabic d Hindi d Spanish B Correct the spelling of the compound nouns below. 14 1 chairmon 2 backgrand 3 grisshupper 4 vinayerd 5 teaspuun 6 earfhane C Choose the correct alternative in italics. 1 The sofa is very insane / uncomfortable. Please don’t buy that one. 2 She always disagrees / impossible with her brother. They don’t have any common ideas. 3 The mission was almost irresistible / impossible but they managed to complete it. 4 He was an illegal / irresistible immigrant and the police took him from his home this morning. 5 It is an uncomfortable / irresistible offer. I am taking it. D Rewrite the following direct questions in indirect form. 1 “Where is the bank?” Can you tell me … 2 What are you going to do tonight? I was wondering … 3 When did you go to Paris first? I’d like to know … 4 Who is that girl? Do you know …

2 15 Nostalgia

warm up reading A Work in pairs. Read the words below and discuss the A Work in pairs and discuss the following questions. following questions. 1 What do you know about hip hop music? 2 Where does it come from? a jazz b rock n’ roll c hip hop d classical e electronic B Scan the article and choose the best title from 1 Which one is your favorite music type? 2 Can you name two singers or bands from each music type? below. B 2.1 Work with the same partner. Listen to the music a Classical Music b Oriental Hip-Hop types and match them to the genre and date. c Music in the USA a sound 1 b sound 2 e sound 5 c sound 3 Hip-hop is a stylized rhythmic music genre started in the d sound 4 1970s. The lyrics of hip-hop songs are usually about the difficulties of life in big and crowded cities. In the 1980s 1 dubstep electronic – 2000s and 1990s, hip-hop became extremely popular amongst 2 jazz – late 19th / early 20th Century African-American youth in some of the large cities of the 3 rock n’ roll - 1950s / 1960s USA. This unique genre quickly spread to big cities like New 4 hip hop – 1970s / 1980s York, Los Angeles and, Seattle. In time, hip-hop became a 5 classical baroque music – 17th / 18th Century culture and created a diverse community with its own art and lifestyle. vocabulary words easily confused Hip-hop did not only become a music and lifestyle trend in the USA. It also became popular in most European countries 16 A Work in pairs and match the word sets to the correct like Germany, France and England. In all these countries, hip-hop created different sub-cultures and communities. definitions. The Turkish-German hip-hop is just one example for these communities. Like most hip-hoppers, Turkish-German hip- a principle b principal hop artists expressed the problems they face because of 1 basic truth, moral conviction (n.) __________ their mixed-identities. They also revealed their frustration 2 the administrator of a school (n.), foremost (adj.) __________ about racism and discrimination. The Turkish-German hip-hop community did not have many a quiet b quite fans in its early years and remained as a sub-genre for a 1 silent, calm (adj.) __________ couple of years. However, in the mid-1990s a hip-hop group 2 very (adj.) __________ called Cartel managed to build a large audience in a very short time. In 1995 Cartel released its first album and became a pass b past popular both in Turkey and in Germany. According to some 1 to complete successfully, go by (v.) __________ music critiques, Cartel became exceptionally successful 2 at a previous time (adj.) __________ because they used traditional Turkish instruments in their songs. They also think that combining hip-hop rhythms with a except b accept traditional instruments created a new style called oriental 1 to receive, take (v.) __________ hip-hop. 2 with the exclusion of (prep.) __________ The success of Cartel did not last for many years but many hip-hoppers still consider Cartel and Turkish-German hip- B Use the correct form of the word sets below to fill in hoppers as legends and pioneers of hip-hop lifestyle. the blanks in each sentence. a principle b principal c quiet d except e accept f quite g pass h past 1 They all ______ (1) his wedding invitation, ______ (2) his uncle, because he was abroad at that time. 2 Rick ______ (3) that language test, but that was years ago. It is way back in the ______ (4). 3 Nataya is a very strict ______ (5). She loves her job and always sticks to her ______ (6). 4 Magdalena is ______ (7) good at speaking, but she is usually very ______ (8) in the class. boost vocabulary 138

C Work in pairs. Read the article and match the grammar past simple tense vs. past continuous tense words in bold to the correct definitions. A Read the sentences a-c and circle the correct options 1 genre below. 2 sub-cultures 3 identity a She found a kitten while she was walking in the park. 4 release b When you called me, I was editing the report. 5 pioneer c Uncle Joe visited us as soon as he arrived in the town. a first person to do something 1 We use simple past / past continuous to express b to let the public start using it completed actions in the past. c the condition of being oneself 2 We use simple past / past continuous to refer to d type, category actions that are still in progress. e a group of people who has different and original ideas and values in society B Read the examples above again and answer the D Complete the following sentences using dates questions. and words from the article. 1 Which action started first in sentence a? 2 Which tenses are used in the sentences? 1 Hip-hop is a stylized rhythmic music genre started in 3 What is the difference between sentences b and c? the ___________. 2 In 1980s and 1990s hip-hop became extremely C Fill in the gaps with the correct forms of the verbs in 17 popular amongst ___________youth in some of the large cities of the USA. brackets (simple past or present continuous). 3 It also became popular in most European countries like Germany, ___________and England. 1 While he was working on his project, he ________ 4 They also revealed their ___________about racism (fall) asleep. and discrimination. 2 When I ________ (wake up), it was raining heavily. 5 In ___________ Cartel released its first album and 3 We left home while they ________ (clean) up. became popular both in Turkey and in Germany. 4 My younger brother ________ (be) born in Belgium. 6 They also think that combining hip-hop rhythms 5 Mr. Reynolds ________ (travel) to Istanbul when you with traditional instruments created a new style called sent him the e-mail. ___________hip-hop. 6 Gary ________ (graduate) from university in 1999. E Read the article again and mark the sentences Boost Box below as true (T), false (F) or not mentioned (NM). We generally use certain time expressions to use 'simple past tense' and 'past continuous tense' together. See the examples 1 Hip-hop music first started in Africa. below: 2 Young people in big cities didn’t like hip-hop in the I was cycling to home when I met John - shows that one action USA. 3 Hip-hop singers and bands usually express their interrupted another action social problems in their music. We left the office when you called us - 4 Oriental hip-hop is still one of the most popular genres Emma bought a pair of shoes as soon as she got the discount in Europe. coupon - shows one action happened immediately after another 5 In the beginning, people didn’t enjoy the Turkish- action; synchrony German hip-hop community. Natasha was playing tennis while her sister was sunbathing by 6 Cartel earned lots of money and became a star around the pool – shows that two actions were happening at the same the world in the 1990s. time boost grammar 119

pronunciation syllables A 2.2 Listen and put the words into one of the columns according to their number of syllables. friend – ghost – clever – balloon – awful – sign – bring – concrete one syllable two syllables B Practice saying the following words with your partner and take the odd one out. 1 match – funny - picture 2 habit – cheap - good 3 miner – played - Thomas 4 shampoo – bored - cupboard 18 speaking A 2.3 Listen to the conversation between two friends and answer the following questions. 1 What are the favorite music trends of Pamela and Jerry? Pamela: Jerry: 2 Why doesn’t Jerry like the music in the 80s? 3 On which point do they agree about the music in the 80s? 4 What are their favorite band from the 60s? Why? B Work in pairs. Think about your favorite music trend. Make notes about some famous bands or singers answering the following questions: 1 Who is your favorite singer or band? 2 In which decade did they make better music in your country? 3 Who were your parents’ favorite singer or band when they were young? C Work in pairs. Student A go: to page 141 and student B go: to page 149 and do the role play activity.

warm up grammar used to / be used to / get used to A Read the definition below and discuss the following A Read the following sentences and circle the correct questions with your partner. options. a Women were used to living as housewives and mothers. milestone (n): a very important event or stage in the life of a b More and more people were getting used to the idea of person or nation independence for women. 1 What are the milestones in the history of your country? c They used to wear out of type clothes and makeups. 2 Would you like to live in those times? Why? Why not? 1 Be used to / get used to something means to be accustomed to something. B 2.4 Listen to the recording and match the pictures to 2 Be used to / get used to something means becoming accustomed to something. the recordings. 3 A noun, noun phrase or gerund / infinitive can follow be used to and get used to. recording 1 recording 2 recording 3 4 'Be used to' and 'get used to' can / cannot be used with past abc and future tenses. B Complete the following sentences with the correct form of 'used to', 'be used to', 'get used to'. 1 When I started to study here, I needed help, but now I 19 vocabulary phrasal verbs with come _________doing all the assignments on my own. 2 I believe I will never _________ living here. I don’t like this neighborhood and I will never like it. 3 Whenever we visited Venezia, we _________ stay in the Paradise Hotel. 4 At first, the teachers didn’t like the environment of the school but in the end, they _________it. A Match the following phrasal verbs with their definitions. C Choose the sentence that has a similar meaning. 1 come across 2 come up with 3 come round 1 He became accustomed to waking up early. 4 come by 5 come over a He used to wake up early. b He is used to waking up early. c He got used to waking up early. a to pay a visit casually b to meet by coincidence 2 Fred is accustomed to being late. c to get, to acquire d to think of something a Fred is used to being late. e to regain consciousness b Fred used to be late. c Fred is getting used to being late. B Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the phrasal 3 Nancy cleaned the house often in the past. a She used to clean the house. verbs in exercise A. b She got used to cleaning the house. c She is used to cleaning the house. 1 I spent an hour on the project but I couldn’t ___________ 4 I am accustomed to cooking in the morning. a I am getting used to cooking in the morning. any ideas. b I am used to cooking in the morning. 2 I was walking down the street the other day and I __________ c I used to cook in the morning. 5 Maria regularly drove the car in the past. one of my childhood friends. a Maria used to drive the car. 3 The boxer knocked his opponent down and he lost his b Maria got used to driving the car. c Maria is used to driving the car. consciousness but then he ___________ again very quickly. 4 The economic conditions are terrible these days. It is hard for boost grammar 119 people to ________ enough money to buy a house. 5 Why don’t you __________ my house today. We can study for the exam together.

reading After that, the young generation staged a revolt and they did not accept any established values anymore. They questioned A Work with a partner and discuss the following society, the laws, and their lifestyles. They used to wear out of type clothes and makeups. questions. a The music in the 1960s also expressed the discontent of young people with society and there was an air of social change in the b sounds and lyrics. The rock and roll stars of the 1950s left their places to musicians like Bob Dylan, Joan Baez, and other singers. c The songs of these artists talked about the problems in society. The well-known bands like The Beatles and The Rolling Stones were pioneers of a new style of music. Besides, Woodstock first met with its audience in 1969 and popular musicians like Jimmy Hendrix, Jefferson Airplane, and Janis Joplin performed in this epic festival. Young people, who were named as ‘hippies’ also showed up there to express their ideas on freedom, art, and music. In short, the ‘sixties’ was a set of cultural and political trends around the world. This ‘cultural decade’ was a time of change in every sense of the word. 20 C Complete the definitions below using the bold words in the passage. 1 take the stage 2 stage a revolt 3 out of type 4 discontent 5 decade 1 What are the photos about? 2 Who are the people? 3 When were these photos taken? B Scan the text and choose the main idea of the passage. a ____________ means to attract attention onto oneself. b ____________ means to organize and start violent action a Vietnam War caused revolts in the USA against a ruler b Hippies were unusual people c ____________ is the synonym of unhappiness and c The 1960s was a quick-changing period dissatisfaction. d Young people were right to protest against the authorities d ____________ is the synonym of extraordinary and odd. The Sixties e ____________ is a period of ten years. The 1960s, a time of change in politics, music, and society in the D Correct the italics below to make the sentences true world started as a political and cultural movement in the United States and the United Kingdom. Later it spread to Europe and to according to the passage. the other parts of the world. 1 People in the US were quite happy annoyed about the war in Firstly, protests against the political problems broke out. People in the US were quite annoyed about the war in Vietnam. They Vietnam. thought that the US soldiers should not be there. Then, women 2 In the late 1960s, hippies wanted more rights for women and took the stage. Until that time, women were used to living as the role of women in society started to change. housewives and mothers. However, in the late 1960s, feminists 3 The young people accepted society, the laws, and their wanted more rights for women and the role of women in society lifestyles. They used to wear fashionable clothes and makeups. started to change. Women were able to focus more on their 4 The literature in the 1960s also expressed the discontent of careers. More and more people were getting used to the idea of young people with society and there was an air of social change independence for women. in the sounds and lyrics. 5 The Woodstock first met with its audience in 1969 and popular musicians like 'Jimmy Hendrix', 'Jefferson Airplane', and 'Janis Joplin' performed in this epic concert.

speaking A 2.5 Work in pairs. Listen to the dialog between Richard and Janie and discuss the following question. 1 Which photos below might be (probably) taken in the 1960s? Why do you think so? a Thomas Edison and George b making a portrait, the UK Eastman 21 c young soldiers d protesters along the Capitol mall, the USA B Mark the following statements as true (T), false (F) or not mentioned (NM). 1 ____ Janie didn’t like living in the 60s much. 2 ____ At the time, she spent a lot of time hanging out with her friends. 3 ____ Young people at the time supported the war in Vietnam. 4 ____ The police at the time were not very peaceful towards the protesters. 5 ____ People trusted the information they received from television very much at that time. C Work in pairs. Read the info card on page 141. Add two more events and important people from your country to the list. Then discuss the good and bad sides of living in the 1960s. Fill in the table and compare your answers with your partners’. Good Bad D Use your notes to make a small conversation about the 60s in your country.

warm up reading A Work with a partner and discuss the following A Look at the images below and discuss the following questions. questions. 1 What do you think about the speed of technological a developments today? 2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of it? 3 Think about your childhood and answer the questions below. a What are some popular gadgets? b b What did people use them for? c What do we have instead of those gadgets now? vocabulary collective nouns Boost Box We use the preposition ‘of’ between collective nouns and the c defined nouns. See the info: 22 herd: group of farm animals pack: used with pack animals, also for stuff that comes as a set in a package. bunch: of flowers, fruit, keys, etc. group: general term, goes with most nouns. set: used with equipment with more than one piece, side, section, etc. 1 What are the items in the pictures? 2 Are they popular in your country now? A Match the collective nouns with one or more suitable 3 Have you ever used any of these items? words. B Scan the article and complete the missing parts with 1 set 2 group 3 bunch 4 pack 5 herd the sentences below. a of people b of sheep c of wolves a Of course, today the landscape of computer games is completely different with amazing graphics, high-resolution screens and d of glasses e of tools f of cattle g of students strong graphic cards. h of tourists i of cards j of tools b It looks like a very simple game at first c It had a cassette player and it had the first small headphones in the world. B Choose the correct option in italics. 1 They could hear the set / pack / herd of wolves howling all Famous Gadgets from the Past night. Today, we have countless high-tech gadgets and millions of 2 The government has established a new set / group / herd of people are gadget-dependant. Take smartphones, for example; rules recently. many people feel that they cannot continue their lives without their smartphones. Most people think this is a modern illness and 3 The bunch / set / group of students will compete in the people were not gadget-dependant in the past. However, there championship this semester. were some gadgets that changed the way of life in the past and became legends. Below are some examples of the legendary 4 Herds / packs / bunches of elephants travel continuously gadgets of the past: because they need to find large amounts of food and water. 5 We picked a set / group / bunch of juicy grapes from the vineyard.

1 Sony Walkman TPS-L2 grammar relative clauses (defining / non-defining) This was the number one portable music player. It was also Boost Box 23 the first. It was released at the end of the 70s. It was not something that everybody could buy at that time. It cost $200. We use ‘whose’ for people and ‘of which’ for things in relative ______________________________ (1) The first models clauses instead of possessive adjectives. had two headphone jacks which meant you could listen to music e.g. together with someone else. Of course, today it is very normal to I know the woman whose son is a famous pop-star. listen to music on the bus or in the street, but at the time it was I don’t like the windows in that house, some of which are small. very unusual. We can also use ‘whom’ instead of ‘who’ when the relative 2 Tetris (Gameboy) clause is the object of the sentence. e.g. Alexey Pajitnov, who was an enthusiast of puzzle games, invented Have you met the girl with whom I am going to get married? games similar to Tetris, which he later changed to Tetris. The 90s was the time of the Tetris craze. Every kid wanted to have one of A Mark the following relative clauses as defining (D) and these game boys. ______________________________ (2) but little adjustments like speed and different levels make it a bit non-defining (ND). more complicated. You can sit down and play this all day long. Today it is a game which is almost forgotten. It can still be fun 1 ___ It was not something which everybody could have at that to switch to Tetris and play for a few hours every now and then. time. 2 ___ The first models had two headphone jacks which meant 3 Atari Video Computer System you could listen to music together with someone else. 3 ___ Alexey Pajitnov, who was an enthusiast of puzzle games, Atari was one of the first computer game systems and it invented games similar to Tetris. became popular all over the world rapidly. A few generations 4 ___ Today it is a game which is almost forgotten. grew up with different versions of Atari. The games of Atari 5 ___ There are many other gadgets, tools, and games which were very simplistic, but it was extremely entertaining. were very popular once. __________________________ (3) Setting up an Atari was very easy. You simply plugged it into the television and it was B Use 'who' or 'which' to fill in the blanks. ready to use. Space Invaders and Pac-Man were among the most popular games. C Match the images in exercise A with the gadgets above. D Match the following words with their definitions. 1 The party, ______ we went to last week, was amazing. 2 James, ______ is Carol’s ex-husband, was there too. 1 portable 2 jack 3 enthusiast 3 Next summer, I want to go to a place _______ has a nice 4 complicated 5 simplistic 6 plug in beach. 4 The sloth, ______ is an animal that lives in the Amazon a a small socket to connect a cable rainforest, is a very slow animal. b something that can be moved easily 5 My friend Carol, _______ works in the Human Resources c difficult, not easy to understand department, has just had a baby. d someone who loves something very much, such as a hobby e to connect (an electrical device) to a socket C Connect the two sentences using ‘who’ or ‘which’ to f overly simple make relative sentences. E Mark the following sentences as true(T) or false(F). 1 ___ We have innumerable electronic devices nowadays. 1 The cafe sells delicious cookies. It is on the other side of the 2 ___ The Walkman was not portable, people had to use it in the house only. street. 3 ___ You could insert only one pair of headphones at a time in 2 The supermarket is really small. My husband likes it very much. the Walkman. 3 Everybody loves Çeşme. It is a seaside town in İzmir. 4 ___ Alexey was an enthusiast of cars. 4 My brother lives and works in England now. He is a graduate 5 ___ To play Atari you needed to use the TV screen. of mathematics. 5 Laura likes pancakes. She is also very good at making them. boost grammar 120

pronunciation sounds g / k C Work in pairs. Student A go: to page 142 and student B go: to page 150 and do the role play activity. A 2.6 Listen to the following words. Notice the difference. 1 girls – curls 2 gold – cold 3 guards – cards 4 log – lock B 2.7 Listen to the following sentences and circle the word you hear. 1 We didn’t have enough time for lunch so we had a snack / snag. 2 The streets are full of grime / crime. 3 You will crease / grease those papers if you sit on them. 4 This house is really gold / cold. 24 speaking A Work in pairs and discuss the following questions. 1 Do you have a smartphone? 2 What is the most useful application of a smartphone? 3 Do you think smartphones are necessary for our life? Why or why not? B 2.8 Listen to the dialog and complete the chart with the correct sentences below. 1 has an old cell phone 2 thinks about buying a new phone 3 has a functional phone 4 her phone has a great camera 5 knows what WhatsApp is 6 doesn’t like taking photos 7 wants to go to an electronics store Linn Casey 1 has an old cell phone

warm up A Look at the images below and discuss the following B Fill in the blanks using an expression from the table. questions with your partner. 1 We are very good friends. Furthermore / In Fact, we have 1 known each other since childhood. 4 2 Tori left for school early. In contrast / Therefore, she was not late. 2 3 I like art exhibition because you see a lot of new things there. Furthermore / However, you can meet the artists themselves sometimes. 4 I think studying engineering is really difficult. In contrast / In fact, studying history is really easy. 5 We were very excited to see him. Consequently / However, he never showed up that night. everyday english telling a story: sequencing words 5 A Put the following sequencing words in the right place 3 below. next - first of all- lastly- firstly- finally - after that beginning ___,____ initially, Firstly, he left the 25 to start off with house. continuing ____, _____, but ending then, Then, he got in then, as soon as, his car. when + sentence 1 Match the pictures to the fairy tales below. eventually, in the Finally, I drove to a Madschun b Little Red Riding Hood c Pinocchio end, the office. d Jack and the Beanstalk e Cinderella ____, _____ 2 Which one was your favorite tale when you were a child? 3 Who was a good storyteller in your family? B Complete the text using the sequencing words below. a father b mother c grandfather d grandmother e someone else 4 What kind of stories did he / she tell? a eventually b as soon as c after d then(x2) e first vocabulary transition words Two weeks ago, we went climbing with our climbing team. The climb wasn’t very challenging. (1)_______ we stayed on the A Put the following words in the right category. hillside and camped all night. (2)_______ in the morning, we started to climb. It was a long way. (3)_______ we reached 1 consequently 2 furthermore 3 however halfway, we gave a break for 30 minutes. (4)_________ we continued to climb again. It took about 5 hours to get to the top. (5)________ this climb, I felt really tired. (6)_________, we returned to the camping area and stayed in a tent for one more night. 4 in contrast 5 in fact 6 therefore C Put the following sentences in order to make a paragraph. addition difference / conflict effect / result 1 Then 9 of us got into a small boat and rowed to the beach. 2 In the end, we gathered some food and returned to our ship. 3 We walked around the island for a few hours, but we didn’t find any people. 4 But then I decided to go and see what there was on it. 5 Firstly, I didn’t want to go to the island. I wanted to stay on the ship. boost grammar 120

listening A Work in pairs and match the book covers with the B Complete the comparison chart using the sentences types of stories. below. Fairytale Fictional novel 1 fairy tale 2 novel a Sleeping 1 a long imaginary story having realistic / believable events and Beauty characters. 2 a short story that has characters like fairies, elves, giants, 26 werewolves, etc. Brothers Grimm 3 could have the traces of social or political changes in real life 4 has certain types like romance, thriller, autobiographical, etc. b 5 includes magic and supernatural elements 6 usually begins with the phrase: “once upon a time”. Adventures of Tom Sawyer C 2.9 Listen and check your answers in exercise B. D 2.10 Listen to a short paragraph from 'The Adventures Mark Twain of Tom Sawyer' and put the sentences in order. a After a few minutes, he put his hand in his pocket and took out a half-eaten apple. b He tried to run away but his aunt caught him and gave him a punishment. c He was painting the fence very slowly and he looked bored. d Most boys are naughty, that we know, but Tom was one of the naughtiest. e That day, many other boys came and all of them gave Tom little things and Tom let them paint the fence. f Then the boy came close and asked: “What are you doing Tom?” E Listen again and match the following words or expressions with their meanings. 1 give someone a hard time (v) 2 half-brother (n) 3 punishment (n) 4 fence (n) 5 pretend (v) a to appear, talk, look in a particular way which is not the actual case b plastic, wooden, metal, etc. barrier around an area to separate it from outside c a penalty given to someone for doing something wrong d the son of only one of your parents e make things difficult and create lots of problems for someone F Mark the following sentences as true (T) or false (F). 1 __ Tom lived with his parents. 2 __ Tom’s aunt was angry because Tom’s pants were muddy. 3 __ His aunt punished Tom by making him wash his pants. 4 __ Tom really liked painting the fence. 5 __ Tom collected little objects from the other boys for letting them paint.

writing speaking A Work in pairs. Read the following text and underline A Work in pairs. Look at the pictures and read the following transition words and sequencing words. prompts. Then, take some notes to create a meaningful story with the pictures and the prompts. See the sample Our time here is generally great! The following is the biggest problem we had. story on page 142 before you make up your own story. We spent two weeks on the island of Vaçuna. ab Everything was amazing! We stayed in a bamboo hut on the beach. Then it was time to go back, and we decided to travel on a private plane, as the prices and times were convenient. Finally, the day of departure came. First, we went to the airport by boat. After that, we met the crew and the other passengers. At first, I was a bit worried, but after the journey started, I felt better. I was watching the scenery from the window when... B Look at the images below and put them in order according to the text above. ab 27 cd c C Read the text again and discuss the possible ending of • Stranger in the dark • Broken car the story with your partner. • Fog • Night D Choose one possible scenario and write the rest of the • Old house • Run story. Use transition words and sequencing words where • Scream necessary. • Forest B Share your story with your classmates and discuss the similarities and differences.

FACT ORY WORKERS IN THE PAST A Watch the video and do some research about steel workers on the internet. Use the following questions as a guideline and write a report of 80-100 words about the topic. 1 Who is a steel worker? 2 Do steel workers earn a lot? 3 Where do they work? 4 What are their duties? 5 Can they make a lot of money in this job? 6 What are their work schedules? 7 What education do they need to work as steel workers? 8 Is the working environment of steel workers safe? B Work in pairs. Brainstorm, do research and prepare a list of questions for the interview about steel workers. Visit a factory that has steel workers with your partner in a month. Make an interview with the 28 contact person of the factory. Record the interview or take notes. Discover the steel workers in real life. Take some pictures of the steel workers. C Prepare a presentation introducing the steel workers in the factory you visited with your friend. Use the report in exercise A and your notes about the interview in exercise B. Don’t forget to show the pictures you took about the steel workers during your presentation.

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BOOST UP A Choose the correct alternative in italics. 1 Jennifer is a quite / quiet smart girl. She wins the science awards every year. 2 She past / passed her exams with good scores. 3 The principals / principles of the hospital are very important for protecting the rights of the patients and doctors. 4 People should be quiet / quite in the library. 5 She was a successful engineer in the passed / past. 6 The principal / principle of the school is an old teacher. B Complete the sentences with the correct form of the phrasal verbs below. a come by b come over c come up with d come across e come round 1 Do you always __________ your old friends in the street? 30 2 Jason usually __________ brilliant ideas when we have nothing in our minds. 3 He doesn’t think it is a successful technique but he is going to __________ soon. 4 How did you __________ that car? 5 Would you like to __________ to my house for dinner? C Fill in the gaps with the words below. a herd b pack c set d bunch e group 1 a _________ of people 2 a _________ of animals 3 a _________ of tools 4 a _________ of cards 5 a _________ of sheep D Choose the correct relative pronoun from the italics. 1 I missed the park whose / where we used to go when we were children. 2 I am looking for the woman whose / who hat is red. 3 You can ask your questions to the guy who / which is standing over there. 4 Turn right from the apartment whom / which has a big blue sign. 5 I used to play basketball in the court that / where I had next to my house.