Captain 3

Captain Student’s Book + Workbook 3

CONTENTS LESSON VOCABULARY GRAMMAR PRONUNCIATION word stress UNIT 1 - LIFE - PAGE 8 intonation 1.1 verbs for daily routines present simple tense homophones 1.2 words used with do and make present simple tense vs. present 1.3 words easily confused continuous tense homographs quantifiers 1.4 words easily confused prepositions of time: in/on/at 1.5 personality adjectives expressing likes and dislikes UNIT 2 - FAMILY - PAGE 30 2.1 house types past simple tense 2.2 family relations past simple tense vs. past 2.3 adjectives ending in -ed / -ing continuous tense 2.4 free time activities time clauses with when / while / as 2.5 confused soon as past habits: used to / would telling stories: sequencing words UNIT 3 - PROFESSIONS - PAGE 52 3.1 professions ability/possibility (can/could/ be able 3.2 work life to/may/might) 3.3 adjective + prepositions obligation /lack of obligation/prohibi- 3.4 words related to money tion: have to/must/mustn’t 3.5 collocations: work life advice / necessity: should / had bet- ter / need to making comparisons asking for and giving opinion UNIT 4 - TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 74 4.1 age groups future simple tense 4.2 words related to technology 4.3 words about space be going to future tense 4.4 collocations related to technology 4.5 telephoning vocabulary future time clauses: as soon as, when, after, before indirect questions telephoning expressions

READING LISTENING SPEAKING WRITING read two paragraphs about the talk about daily routines write an e-mail to a friend A NATURAL SYMBOL: daily lives of Marie and Michael discuss about social networks SOMBRERO VUELTIAO write an e-mail to your best listen to two conversations discuss about favourite pets friend read an article about zombie network read an biography of a teacher in France read an article about personalities read a text about extended write a short paragraph families describing houses read an article about families discuss the advantages and disad- role play short conversations PENGUIN FAMILY vantages of living in a crowded family write a letter about your listen to a conversation between memories Jane and Mike about the burglary read an article about Stephen’s adventures listen to a story tell a story describing what hap- pened last week read a text about Jon Hanson’s discuss pros and cons of the jobs job read a text about most dangerous write a CV RODEO RIDERS job ever write an opinion paragraph listen to a dialogue about looking make a job interview about jobs for a job read an article about best jobs in talk about your dream job the world listen to a dialogue about interviews read an article about the new future read an article about futuristic discuss about pros and cons of DRONES fashion hi-tech robots listen to a dialogue about the future ask and answer questions related of space travel to next year listen to a conversation about future write a short note cars read an article about flexi-phones make a phone cali to organise an event for the weekend

LESSON VOCABULARY GRAMMAR PRONUNCIATION UNIT 5 - TRAVEL - PAGE 96 5.1 words related to travelling present perfect simple tense: expe- pronunciation of /1/ and /r/ 5.2 accommodation riences 5.3 compound adjectives 5.4 phrasal verbs with ‘get’ present perfect tense vs. past simple 5.5 adjectives ending in -ful/-less tenses present perfect continuous question tags starting and ending a conversation UNIT 6 - HEALTH - PAGE 118 6.1 healthcare conditionals: type zero and one pronunciation of /oo/ 6.2 words related to emotions and feelings if vs. when in conditional clauses 6.3 sports and equipment relative clause with who/ 6.4 idioms about health and emotions which/that cause and result conjunctions 6.5 adjectives describing physical expressing preference appearance UNIT 7 - HISTORY - PAGE 140 7.1 words related to war passive voice (present simple, past pronunciation of short vowel 7.2 simple) sounds 7.3 words related to historical buildings 7.4 / places transitive and intransitive verbs 7.5 adjectives describing historical places transition words phrasal verbs with keep second conditional collocations with take and come agreeing / disagreeing expressions UNIT 8 - CUISINS - PAGE 162 8.1 verbs related to cooking present perfect tense: affirma- pronunciation of long vowels 8.2 sense of taste adjectives tive form 8.3 parts of meals present perfect tense: negative / 8.4 verbs + prepositions question form 8.5 noun + prepositions present perfect tense vs. simple past tense telephoning language asking about and giving instructions

READING LISTENING SPEAKING WRITING read a text about anti-flight have a discussion about travel bags MACHU PICCHU world traveller write a postcard read a blog about holiday read an interview about travelling make a discussion about the best problems places in your city listen to the conversations about role play a hotel conversation be- write a short report about a trav- tween a receptionist and guests el questionnaire holiday plans read a blog related to travel light read a text about the benefıts of make a conversation about the chocolate benefıts of the spices read an article about mood food write a short health notice on losing weight BASE DIVERS read an interview about Judy’s ask and answer questions about healthy lifestyle diets and sports activities read an article about healthy and write a short blog entry about the friendly pets cause of extreme weight loss listen to the conversations about talk about eating habits food styles and health read paragraphs about the write a short biography about FACTORY WORKERS IN THE shortest war in history Elvis Presley PAST read an article about a temple ask and answer questions about write interview questions about the historical places life and career of a famous person listen to a dialogue about discuss the questions related to Grand Bazaar places listen to a conversation between Simone give a presentation on a historical and Louis about the Second World War event read a text about Napoleon and role play an interview related the life rabbits and career of a famous person listen to the cook giving a Turkish talk about favourite dishes food recipe read a text related to eating well write an informal invitation letter to be happy for a party read about bird’s nest soup have a conversation about popular write a recipe SUSHI flavours read a blog page about unsual have a discussion on health dishes listen to a dialogue about cooking tips

verbs for dail routine word stress present simple tense LIFE CAREER WARM UP! B. Work in pairs and cover the words in exercise A. Match the verbs to the words 1-8 to make A. Work with a partner. Look at the pictures different collocations. and discuss the following questions. a. get b. wear c. have (x2) d. pass 1. What do you usually do in the mornings? e. arrive f. take g. miss 2. What do you usually do in the evenings? wake up go to bed go home drink coffee 1. __g_e_t__ to school 2. ______ homework get dressed cook dinner go to work/school do exercise 3. ______ an exam 4. ______ breakfast VOCABULARY 5. ______ classes 6. ______ home A. Match the phrases below with the pictures. 7. ______ a bus 8. ______ make up 1. eat breakfast 4. start classes C. Listen and check your answers in 1.1 2. do homework 5. get on a bus Exercise B. 3. have an exam 6. put on make up ab INFO BOX cd Remember, some nouns can ef go with different verbs: take an exam, sit an exam, do an exam, get home, get to school, take a bus, take the subway, have breakfast. These are called ”collocations” 8

1.1 D. Work with a partner to find out LIFE about their daily routine. e.g. What time do you wake up? B. Read the text below and choose the correct words When do you get to school? in italics. Complete the timeline below with as much information as possible. My name is Marie and I am British. I am a farmer and I 7.00 lives / live in the countryside in the UK. I have a small farm eat with goats, horses, chickens breakfast and a dog, Vincent. I get up early every day because I need PRONUNCIATION to feed the animals. Then I have / has a shower but I don’t A. Listen to the pronunciation 1.2 put on make-up. I am very of the words and underline lucky because I doesn’t need / the stressed syllable. don’t need to get on a bus to go to work! After I eat breakfast countryside - around - together I usually go for a walk with Vincent. We likes / neighbours - Australia - crowded like walking around the farm and then we visit our neighbours. Life is relaxing on the farm and campus - because I really enjoy living in the countryside. I don’t like / doesn’t like living in big cities because they are too busy and crowded for me! B. Read the words below with your My name is Michael and partner and decide where the I am a university student stressed syllable is. in Australia. I goes / go to university at about 11 am university - office - supermarket - every day. I don’t get up early, station - museum - stadium - so I can sleep in every day! library - bookstore When I get to the campus, I meet my friends and we go C. Listen to the words in 1.3 to class together. The best Exercise B and check your thing about university is pronunciation. that I have a lot of free time. In my free time, I like playing football and READING hanging out with my friends. My best friend, Emily don’t like / doesn’t like playing football, A. Work in pairs. Look at the pictures so sometimes we plays / play tennis together. below and discuss the following She lives very close to me, so we can hang questions. out all the time! At the end of the semester I usually have lots of exams and sometimes I 1. What do you think the people’s jobs feel stressed. Do you feel / feels stressed when are? you have exams? 2. Which job is better? Why? 9

1.1 LIFE 5. When my friends come over, we like to and listen to music. C. Read the texts again and mark the sentences as true (T) or false (F). 6. I prefer to live in the city than in the because there is much more to 1. Marie feeds her animals in the mornings. ___ do in cities. 2. Michael doesn’t wake up early. ___ 7. I my cat twice a day but I also 3. Michael’s best friend loves playing give her lots of snacks. football. ___ 4. Marie would like to live in a big city. ___ 5. Michael does not like taking exams. ___ D. Read the sentences below and fill in the gaps GRAMMAR with the bold words in the texts. A. Read the following sentences and underline 1. I always sleep in at the weekends because I don’t have to go to work. the main verbs. Circle the auxiliary verbs. 2. I’don’t like my because 1. We enjoy detective stories. 2. She wants to be an engineer. they always play loud music late at night. 3. He doesn’t like fashion magazines. 4. Do you eat chocolate? 3. My university is beautiful, 5. Does it sleep on the chair? there are lots of trees and places to relax with my friends. 4. In my I usually spend time with my family, we often go on picnics together. 10

B. Complete the following sentences with the 1.1 correct form of the verbs below. LIFE a. get to school e. start classes b. do (my) homework f. arrive home WRITING c. have an exam g. get on a bus d. have breakfast h. put on make up A. Work with a partner. Read the email on page 1. My mum is a teacher so she always 207 and answer the following questions. early. 1. What is Stephanie’s job? 2. Where does she work? 2. I never in the morning but I like 3. Do you think Kelly and Stephanie are friends or having a big lunch. colleagues? Why? 4. How does Stephanie start her email? 3. When I from school, the first 5. How does Stephanie finish her email? thing I do is take off my shoes. B. You are a teacher and you have a new job 4. My sister always takes a long time in the in Poland. You have a new flat and are very excited. Tell your friend about your new life bathroom because she every and your daily routine. Remember to use the introducing and finishing phrases used day. in the email on page 207. 5. My brother always gets stressed when he . 6. I at 9 am and I finish at 4 pm. 7. My sister and I to go to school every day. 8. My parents always tell me to before dinner. C. Change the sentences below into negative and question forms. 1. I wake up early every day. I don’t wake up early every day. Do you wake up early every day? 2. My family lives in a big city. 3. Sally wants to live on campus when she goes to university. 4. Terry does homework every evening. 5. My parents like their neighbours. 6. I like hanging out with my brother. GRAMMAR BANK p. 186-187 WRITING BOX p. 207 11

words used with do and make present simple tense vs. present continuous tense LIFE HOUSEWORK WARM UP! VOCABULARY A. Work with a partner. Look at the picture A. Do we make or do the activities below? below and discuss the following questions. _____ a meal 1. How often do you help your family with the _____ the laundry housework? _____ the bed _____ a comment 2. Do you like doing the housework? Why? _____ noise _____ business _____ the dishes _____ a phone call _____ your best _____ the hoovering _____ a cup of tea _____ the ironing _____ cleaning _____ time for relaxing _____ a course _____ the gardening B. Which of the phrases above do you never do? Which do you do every day? INFO BOX We use do when we are talking about an action or task. e.g. do homework, do a job, etc. We use make when we are talking about creating something. e.g. make a cake, make lunch etc. Remember there are special phrases we need to learn: do your best, do well, make a mistake, make a promise C. Write three more collocations for make and do. 12

LISTENING 1.2 A. Work with a partner and discuss the LIFE questions. Conversation 2 1. What do you usually do after school? Mum : Jessie, what ________you ________ 2. What do you dislike doing in the evenings? (do)? B. Listen to the conversations and match Jessie : I ________ (make) my bed. the pictures to the correct person. 1.4 Mum : Oh great! When you are finished, can 1. Amy 2. Jessie 3. Mum 4. Sally you help me make dinner? Jessie : Mum! I always ________(help) you ab with dinner. Can Steve help today? Mum : Ok, I’ll ask him. Jessie : I need to do my homework. Mrs. Peters always ________ (give) me a lot of homework to do! D. Work with a partner and answer the questions below. 1. What does Sally normally do in the evenings? 2. What is Sally doing now? 3. What does Jessie normally do in the evenings? 4. What is Jessie doing now? GRAMMAR A.c d Look at the pictures and answer the questions below with your partner. 1. What do you think they usually do? 2. What are they doing now? ab C. Listen to the conversations again 1.4 and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verbs. Conversation 1 B. Chose the simple present tenses below. Amy : Hi, Sally! How are you? a. Tania is going on vacation next week. Sally : I’m good thanks. Just a little busy b. The sun sets in the west. c. I always have coffee at breakfast. because I ________(study) a lot at d. Look! The dog is chasing the cat. the moment. e. I love cheesecake. Amy : What are you doing at the moment? Sally : I ________(write) an essay for my history class. What are you doing? Amy : I’m listening to music. Sally : That sounds relaxing! I usually ________(listen) to music in the evenings but I am so busy today! 13

1.2 D. Read the following sentences and circle the correct tense in italics. LIFE 1. My dad does / is doing the housework at the C. Read the sentences below. Then choose the moment. correct options in the following rules and match each sentence to a rule. 2. I usually hang out / am usually hanging out with my friends on the weekends. Rules 3. I love cooking. I always make / am always 1 We use present simple / present continuous making cakes for my friends’ birthdays. for things happening at the time of speaking. 4. My sister plays / is playing tennis on Monday 2 We use present simple / present continuous evenings. for habits or repeated actions. 5. My mum and I visit / are visiting our relatives 3 We use present simple / present continuous next month. for facts and general truths. 6. Edward trains / is training for a marathon right 4 We do not usually use present simple / present now. continuous with stative verbs 5 We sometimes use present simple / present continuous for future plans. 14 GRAMMAR BANK p. 187

1.2 LIFE E. Read the telephone conversation between Ben and Emily and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb in brackets. Ben : Hi Emily! How are you? Emily : I’m great. How are you? Ben : I’m good. I _________ (make) dinner at the moment. Emily : Yum! What _________ you _________ (make)? Ben : Spaghetti bolognese! I _________ (love) Italian food! Emily : Me too! Ben : What about you?What _____(do) now? Emily : I _________ (study) for my French exam. It _________ (be) really difficult! Ben : Don’t worry. You _________ (be) great at French! Just do your best! Emily : Thanks Ben. I _________ (always / get) stressed when I have an exam. SPEAKING A. Listen to the conversation and fill 1.5 B. Read the role cards on page 205 and talk in the gaps with the phrases below. about your daily routine. about you visit getting ready C. Now change partners and talk about what do you usually do you usually do on the weekend and what you Alex : Hi Betty! What (1) __________ on are doing at the moment. Tuesdays? INFO BOX Betty : I usually study. What (2) __________? Alex : I usually (3) _________________ my We generally use the time phrases always, never, sometimes (adverbs of frequency), grandma. every day, every week, on the weekends in present simple tense; Betty : What are you doing now? We generally use the time phrases at the Alex : I’m (4) ______________ for work.... moment, now, next … (for future reference) in present continuous tense. 15

words easily confused quantifiers LIFE SOCIAL MEDIA WARM UP! VOCABULARY A. Work with a partner and discuss these A. Read the words below and make pairs that questions. are easily confused. 1. Name as many social network sites as possible 1. between a. effect in one minute. 2. breathe b. breath 3. affect c. among 2. What kinds of people use these sites and why? 4. venomous d. poisonous 3. Which social network sites do you use? Why? 4. “Social network sites are destroying real B. Work with a partner and match the words with the correct definitions. communication.” Do you agree or disagree? Why? 5. Can you name any unusual social network sites? 1. among 2. between 3. breath 4. breathe 5. effect 6 affect 7 poisonous 8. venomous a. a change or consequence from an action or cause b. the air that goes into and out of our lungs c. surrounded by d. to take air into and out of our lungs e. describes something that can cause death or illness f. in the middle of g. describes a snake or spider that can bite and make you very ill h. make a difference or have an effect on something 16

C. Circle the correct word in italics in these 1.3 sentences. LIFE 1. You shouldn’t eat those mushrooms because they are venomous/poisonous. B. Read the article below and circle the correct words in italics. 2. I’m a sociable person. I like being among/ between friends and family. Zombie Network 3. If I tell you what I’m getting dad for his birthday, Are you a zombie? Do you miss having zombie you must promise not to breathe/breath a friends? Do you spend many / much time word to him about it. alone? Being a zombie doesn’t have to affect your social life, and you don’t need to keep 4. The special effects/affects in the new Star it a secret between you and the bedroom Wars movie are fantastic! mirror, because zombiefriends.com is the perfect place for you. Zombie Friends is an 5. Dan isn’t very fit. He gets out of breath/breathe unusual and interesting online community. running up stairs to the office. In this community lot of / lots of people can come together and meet ‘zombies’ and zombie 6. This pizza’s too big for one person, mum. Let’s lovers. There are many / much ways you can share it among/between you and me. use this new and exciting social networking site. You can chat with other zombies online. 7. The Black Widow spider is a horrible, You can share your love of horror films and venomous/poisonous creature that can kill your favourite zombie music. You can also with one bite. learn about some new movies to enjoy! 8. Some people believe that pollution doesn’t The best thing about this social networking effect/affect global warming. site is that you can make a lot of / much new friends from all around the world! The READING network has many / lots members from the USA, Europe, Australia and even from the far A. Look at the pictures and answer the following away countries of Asia and Africa! All / every questions with your partner. these members get together and share lots of things among themselves. For example, the 1. What do you see in the pictures? Zombie Friends love sharing zombie events 2. What is wrong with the people in the pictures? in their home countries and learning about 3. What do you think the article is about? what’s happening all around the world! The members also share scary stories about being a zombie and give advice on how to dress to have the maximum effect on your family so you can scare them. Zombie Friends is not only for zombie lovers! They also welcome ghost and vampire fans! Are you tired of regular social networks like Facebook or twitter? Do you think you are a vampire? Is even a few / little garlic poisonous to you? Do you spend your days in the dark and your nights hanging out with venomous vampire bats? Do you want to be among people like you? Then don’t wait! Join the crazy, scary and unique community and don’t forget to invite many / all your friends and family. Keep in mind that Zombie Friends is a new and exciting website and in this network everything is possible! Just don’t breathe a word to your parents! 17

1.3 LIFE B. Think of four different nouns for each category and add them to the lists above. C. Read the text again and mark the sentences as true (T), false (F) or not mentioned (NM). C. Decide if the quantifiers below are used with: 1. Zombie fans have a poor social life. ___ 2. People from across the planet are members of any a few much/not much some several a bit of a little a lot of/lots of the site. ___ 3. Vampire bats can kill people because they are many/not many poisonous. ___ 4. The site has lots of rules about what you can say on it. ___ D. Read the words in bold and match them with Countable Uncountable Both the correct synonyms. Nouns Nouns 1. unusual a. meet up 2. community b. uncommon, rare 3. get together c. matchless 4. scary d. a group of people 5. unique e. frightening E. Talk to your partner and discuss the D. Complete the sentences with the phrases questions below. below. 1. What do you think about zombiefriends.com? lots and lots of a bit of fun much time 2. What unique social networking site would you a few people some people many friends like to create? several hours all their free time 3. What do you think about such friendships? 4. Do you think you would like to join this online 1. Olga doesn’t have _______________ to go on social network sites. community? Why or why not? 2. Olga doesn’t have _____________ who use GRAMMAR them. A. Look back at the words you underlined in 3. Eric has ___________ friends. Reading Exercise B. What nouns are they 4. Eric spends ___________________ every day describing? online. Which are countable and which are uncountable 5. Olga knows ____________ who spend nouns? _____________ online. Countable Uncountable 6. Eric thinks these sites are only many much _______________ and that _________ are too serious about them. E. Listen to the conversation between 1.6 Olga and Eric to check your answers. 18 GRAMMAR BANK p. 187

SPEAKING 1.3 A. Work in pairs and discuss the following. LIFE 1. How often do you check your social network B. Work with a partner. Turn to the Speaking site? Chest chart on page 205 and read about either Facebook or Twitter. Tell your partner 2. What sort of things do you post or upload onto the positive and negative points about that your site? site. Decide which site is better. Use the phrases below to help you. 3. Which networking site is most popular: in your country, for your age group, etc? I think _______ is better because… I don’t agree with you, there. 4. Do you let your parents and family see your I suppose that’s right, but… posts and updates? Why? You must be joking! What do you think about…? That’s not very good. How about…? SPEAKING BOX p. 205 19

words easily confused prepositions of time: in/on/at LIFE RELAXING WARM UP! ACROSS → A. Work with a partner. Read the instruction below and discuss the following questions. Instruction: Look around the classroom and make a D list of the items you see. Report back to the class on O the unusual site you researched last night. W N 1. How many different items can you name? 2. Who can name the most items: you or your partner? VOCABULARY ↓ A. Complete the crossword below using the clues and pictures to help you. ab cd Across e fg 4. My favourite flavour is mint 7. Women wear these in their hair 20 Down 1. You carry your books in this 2. You need it for your car 3. Use them to listen to music 5. Paper money; not coins or cards 6. You use them to wipe your mouth

1.4 LIFE READING have a driving licence) and listens to relaxing music on her expensive headphones. She A. Look at the pictures below and answer the doesn’t like walking in the spring because following questions. she has hayfever and the pollen makes her 1. What times of the year are they? sneeze. She likes arriving at work early so 2. What is your favourite season? Why? she has time for another coffee. B. Read the text and match the headings to 2 _______________________ In the evenings, the correct paragraphs. There are two extra she marks the students’ homework for an headings. hour and then she likes to watch TV. She a. Three breaks a year loves American comedy programmes and b. The best time of year crime dramas. On Fridays she can really c. Every morning is the same chill out and she goes out to her favourite d. Her travel problems French restaurant with her mates. At the e. Free time habits weekend, she likes sleeping in and spending f. Unhappy touriṡ t time with her dog, Ralph. Ralph loves going 1 _______________________ Sophie is a for long walks in the park at night because 26-year-old teacher living in France. She there are no other dogs around and he can loves her job and enjoys spending her time run and play. He’s an unusual dog because with children. She likes to be organized from he likes to eat chewing gum that people drop Monday to Friday when she’s working, so on the pavements. she has a daily routine that she doesn’t like to change. On weekday mornings, she gets 3 _______________________ In the summer, up at 6am to have a shower, put her make- Sophie has long holidays. Sometimes she up on and do her hair. She likes to wear travels abroad, especially to Spain and bright hairclips because they make her look Germany. She loves Madrid and Hamburg. young. She usually has a cup of coffee with In the winter, she likes going somewhere lots of sugar and a bit of milk, and then has hot like Thailand or Indonesia. She prefers another. At the moment she has a headache, to go with just a backpack and go walking in so she takes two painkillers. Then she walks the jungle, where there are no tourists and to work (she can’t drive because she doesn’t she doesn’t need to carry much money – she doesn’t have enough pockets in her shorts for lots of banknotes and coins. She usually wears a napkin on her head to keep the sun off, and she can use it at mealtimes when she eats juicy fried insects. At Christmas she spends time with her parents and brother in England. 4 _______________________ Sophie’s favourite season is autumn because all the leaves turn spectacular shades of red, orange and brown before they fall off the trees. Autumn is also when Sophie celebrates her birthday -she was born in September. On her birthdays, she usually has a big party with her friends. She loves her life because she has a great job and can spend a lot of time with the people she loves. 21

1.4 LIFE C. Read the sentences in the passage with We use ‘on’ with: ______, ______, ______ words in bold and match them with their We use ‘in’ with: _____, _____, _____, _____, _____ synonyms below. We use ‘at’ with: ______, ______, ______ 1. beautiful a. prefer C. Work in pairs. Using the time phrases below, 2. relax b. chill out ask and answer questions with your partner. 3. like c. mates Remember to use a proper preposition with 4. particularly d. especially the phrases 5. friends e. spectacular a. your birthday D. Read the text again and answer the questions b. Friday evening with a partner. c. Wednesday d. the weekend 1. When does Sophie wake up early? e. the afternoon 2. When does she sneeze a lot? f. 10 pm 3. When does she meet her mates? g. July 4. Why is Ralph strange? h. the spring 5. When does she like travelling alone? i. night 6. When does she use her napkin? 7. When does she celebrate her birthday? GRAMMAR A. Write the correct prepositions before the time expressions below. 1. on Monday 2. _____ the morning 3. _____ Friday evening 4. _____ 7pm 5. _____ the weekend 6. _____ night 7. _____ the summer 8. _____ Christmas 9. _____ September 10. _____ (her) birthday B. Check your answers with a partner and complete the rules with the words below. Days of the week years specific periods of the day (e.g. the morning) ________ Times of the day (e.g. 9pm, night) seasons ________ holiday periods (e.g. Ramadan, Christmas) ________ decades (e.g. the 1990s) special days months dates ________ 22 GRAMMAR BANK p. 188

1.4 LIFE WRITING A. Read the email and answer the questions. Dear Ben, How’s it going? I hope you’re well. I’m writing to tell you about my new friend at school. Her name is Michelle. In the morning we sit at the back of the class and talk a lot. Our teacher gets angry because we talk when we should be listening to him. At breaktimes, we go outside and chew gum and drink cola. On Tuesdays at 11am we have English class. We both love learning English. In the summer, I am coming to Scotland for a holiday, so I hope we can meet up. Michelle is coming with me. We arrive on the 8th of July and are staying for three weeks. Your birthday is in July, isn’t it? I’ll bring you a present from Mexico in my backpack. We can have a party! At the moment we are in Maths and the teacher is talking about algebra – I don’t like it at all. But today is Friday and Michelle and I always sleep over at each other’s houses and try on our sisters’ make-up. Ok, I have to go now. Speak to you on Sunday on Skype. Bye! Carmen 1. When do Carmen and Michelle have English lessons? How do they feel about the lessons? ___________________________________________________________________ 2. What are Carmen and Michelle doing in the summer? ___________________________________________________________________ 3. When is Ben’s birthday? __________________________________________________________________ 4. Where is Carmen now? ___________________________________________________________________ 5. When do Carmen and Michelle have a sleepover ___________________________________________________________________ WRITING BOX p. 207 23

personality adjectives expressing likes & dislikes LIFE PERSONALITY WARM UP! VOCABULARY A. Work with a partner. Look at the pictures A. Watch the short video clips and match them and discuss the following questions. to the adjectives below. personality (n): a person’s character a James b Julia courageous calm serious aggressive unfriendly dishonest reliable cowardly 1. What can you say about the personality of James? funny sociable 2. What can you say about the personality of Julia? 24

1.5 LIFE B. Match the adjectives to the synonyms or LISTENING definitions. 1. courageous a. violent A. Do you have a pet? What is it? 2. calm b. trustworthy 3. serious c. not laughing much Look at the pictures of pets and their owners. What 4. aggressive d. rude/not kind do you think the choice of pet reveals about its 5. unfriendly e. brave/adventurous owner? 6. dishonest f. likes being with others/ 7. reliable a 8. cowardly outgoing/confident 9. funny g. can make people laugh/ 10. sociable likes to laugh h. someone who lies/ untrustworthy i. peaceful/passive j. not brave C. Decide if the adjectives from Exercise B are generally positive or negative and put them in the correct column. Add these words too: Independent sensitive nervous creative b shy anxious Positive adjectives Negative adjectives D. Can you think of times when you feel any c of the emotions above? What kind of personality do you have? e.g I am always nervous about going to the dentist. My mum says I should be brave, but I don’t like the idea of those needles and the sound of the drill. I think I’m quite independent because I live alone and take care of all the housework myself. I do the cooking, the shopping and don’t make my bed if I don’t feel like it. 25

1.5 LIFE 1.7 B. Listen to the podcast and complete the information boxes below. 1. The Dog Person: Personality: _______________________________ _________________________________________ Likes: __________________________________ _________________________________________ Doesn’t like: _______________________________ _________________________________________ 2. The Cat Person: Personality: ______________________________ _________________________________________ Likes: ____________________________________ _________________________________________ Doesn’t like: ______________________________ _________________________________________ 3. The Bird Person: Personality: _______________________________ _________________________________________ Likes: ____________________________________ ________________________________________ Doesn’t like: ______________________________ ________________________________________ 4. The Reptile Person: Personality: _______________________________ _________________________________________ Likes: ____________________________________ ________________________________________ Doesn’t like: _____________________________ _________________________________________ 26

1.5 LIFE C. Are these statements true (T), false (F) or SPEAKING not mentioned (NM)? A. Listen to these animal noises. All 1.8 1. More British people like cats than like dogs. these animals are kept as pets ___ by some people. Some are more unusual than others. Can you name 2. Purdey is Clive’s oldest cat. ___ them all? 3. Clive doesn’t really like dogs. ___ 4. Clive disagrees with some of the research. ___ 5. Clive disagrees with people keeping birds in cages. ___ 6. Clive thinks keeping reptiles is perfectly normal. ___ GRAMMAR B. Work in pairs and talk about your favourite pet. A. There are many different ways to express likes and dislikes. Read the sentences on 1. Which of the above animals would make a page 188 and underline all the examples good pet? you can see. 2. Which animals do you think should never be B. Now turn to the Info Box on page 188, study kept as pets? the rules and do the exercise. 3. If you have a pet, what benefits does it give C. Put the following sentences in the correct you? order. 1. keen / football / on / I / playing / am 4. “I prefer animals to people.” Why do some 2. I / coffee / fan / am / a / not / of people say this and do you agree? Why? 3. coffee / tea / prefer / I / to 4. doing / I / can’t / the / stand / dishes 5. People who treat animals badly should be sent 5. like / at / I / playing / don’t / all / sport to prison. Do you agree? 6. colour / my / brown / least / is / favourite GRAMMAR BANK p. 188 27

A NATURAL SYMBOL: SOMBRERO VUELTIAO A. Watch the video and do some research about B. Work in pairs. Brainstorm, do research and the topic on the internet. Use the following prepare a list of questions about the topic. Find questions as a guideline and write a report of a documentary about sombrero vueltiaos and 120 - 150 words about the topic. watch it with your partner. Take notes about the sombrero vueltiaos in the documentary. Try to 1. What does ‘sombrero vueltiao’ mean? answer the questions you prepared with your 2. Who makes sombrero vueltiaos? partner. 3. How much time is spent to make a sombrero C. Prepare a poster about the sombrero vueltiaos vueltiao? at home. Use the report in exercise A and your 4. What kind of materials are used to make notes in exercise B. You can also draw pictures or print and paste them on the poster. You sombrero vueltiaos? can organize the poster as you like. Split a 5. What is the process behind making a dark cardboard in half or use A3 (big size) papers. Present your poster to the class and talk about sombrero vueltiao? your experience with the sombrero vueltiaos. 6. What makes it possible to fold sombrero vueltiaos? 7. How many strips are there in sombrero vueltiaos? 8. How much does it cost for someone to buy a sombrero vueltiao? 28

A. Complete the following phrases with the UNIT 1 words in the box. REVISION BOX put get have eat start arrive do go D. Complete the following words with letters. 1. _____ breakfast 5. _____ classes 1. ag__r__ss__ve 2. _____ homework 6. _____ home 2. co__r__g__ous 3. _____ an exam 7. _____ on a bus 3. s__c__ab__e 4. _____ to school 8. _____ on make up 4. r__l__a__le 5. u__fr__en__ly B. Match the following sentences with the 6. c__w__r__ly correct responses. 7. c__lm 8. d__sh__n__st 1. Do we have an exam? 2. Do you like sports cars? E. Complete the following sentences with 3. Do you eat vegetables? in / at / on. 4. Does she want to be a doctor? 5. Do they like big cities? 1. Jessica plays volleyball __ Fridays. 2. My birthday is __ October. a. No, they don’t like big cities. ___ 3. I visit my brother __ weekends. b. Yes, I eat vegetables. ___ 4. My father’s birthday is __ the 6th of April. c. Yes, we have an exam. ___ 5. I don’t want to work __ Tuesday. d. Yes, she wants to be a doctor. ___ 6. The weather was perfect __ my wedding e. No, I don’t like sports cars. ___ day. C. Complete the following phrases with do or 7. I usually get up __ 7 o’clock. make. 8. Paul has a meeting __ 2 pm. 9. I always have breakfast __ the morning. 1. ____ the dishes 5. ____ noise 10. Ankara is a great city __ winter. 2. ____ a call 6. ____ business 3. ____thehousework 7. ____ a comment 4. ____ your bed 8. ____ a course 29

house types intonation past simple tense FAMILY SWEET HOME WARM UP! VOCABULARY A. What are the advantages and disadvantages A. Match the homes below with the words. of living in the homes below? Which would What type of people live in these houses? you prefer to live in? Use some of the phrases on Page 185 for giving opinions. 1. cottage 2. semi-detached house 3. mansion 4. farmhouse a 5. terraced house 6. trailer/caravan ab b cd c ef 30

2.1 FAMILY B. Listen to the person describing 2.1 READING their perfect house. Make a note of the adjectives and match A. Work in pairs. Scan the text quickly and try to them to their opposites below. number the information in the order you find it. spacious modest huge peaceful the number of children in the Vassilyev family modern simple ugly difficult the country where the Vassilyev family lived special/unique the name of the town where the Vassilyev family lived C. Work in pairs. Use some of the difficulties in their life adjectives to describe where a member of your family lives. PRONUNCIATION B. Work in pairs. Read the text and underline ten verbs in simple past tense in the text. A. Listen to the sentences and 2.2 Family Crowd questions below. Decide if the intonation is rising (going up) There are many different types of families in the or falling (going down) world. Some are big, extended families, others are small families. Some are single-parent INFO BOX families; others have both parents. One family, the Vassilyevs, in particular was very unique. Intonation is very important in English. It The Vassilyev family lived in Russia in the 1700s helps us understand how people are feeling and had 69 children! Feodor Vassilyev and his or shows what we think about a topic. wife and their many children lived in a modest, small home in the town of Shuy. 1. I lived in a very spacious house when I was a child. - falling We do not know a lot about the family, but we can guess that they had a simple life. The only thing 2. I didn’t live in a cramped apartment. that was not simple about it was the number of 3. What did your house look like when you children! We know that Feodor and his wife had sixteen pairs of twins, seven sets of triplets, and were young? four sets of quadruplets. The children always 4. Did you have a big garden in your house? had someone to play with and someone to look after them. They were a happy family and they B. Listen again and underline the enjoyed spending time together. But of course, stressed words. there were difficult times. They weren’t a rich family and sometimes it was difficult to find the C. Work in pairs. Read the instruction money to feed everyone. below and do the activity with your partner. All families are special and unique for different reasons. Sometimes our families are huge and Student A will read the questions with a sometimes they are quite small. Sometimes our rising or falling intonation and Student families are close and other times they drift B will decide if the intonation is rising or apart. Like all families the crowded family of falling. Do not forget to take turns and Feodor Vassilyev tried to stay together and check your answers. apparently they were successful in that. 1. Did you live in a tiny apartment when you were a child? 2. What colour was your bedroom when you were young? 3. Did you have a garden in your home? 4. What was your favourite thing about your childhood home? 31

2.1 FAMILY C. Look at the words in bold and match them to the correct definition or synonym below. 1. Take care of look after 2. Two babies born at the same time ________ 3. Families with only one parent ________ 4. Large family including uncles, aunts, cousins, etc. ________ 5. Three babies born at the same time_______ 6. Have a good relationship and get on well ________ 7. Four babies born at the same time ________ 8. Stop being close, lose contact ________ D. Read the text again and answer the questions below. 1. Why were Feodor Vassilyev and his wife different? 2. What was their home like? 3. What is one advantage of having a very big family? 4. What is one disadvantage of having a very big family? GRAMMAR A. Read the sentences below and underline the main verbs in each sentence. a. Mike walked in the park with his dog last night. b. Rosa and her friends didn’t stay in a hotel in Monaco. c. Eleni went to a public school in Greece. d. Did you see Mr. Adams? B. Read the sentences in Exercise A again and choose the correct options in the rules. 1. We use the ‘past simple tense’ to talk about actions and states that happened and finished / didn’t finish in the past. 2. Regular verbs are changed to the past form by adding ‑ed / -es to the end of the verb. 3. Irregular verbs follow / do not follow the usual rules of verb forms. 4. In negative and question forms, we use the base / past form of the main verb. 32

2.1 FAMILY C. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets. Last year I went (go) on holiday to Spain. It ______ (be) a great holiday! I _______ (meet) lots of new people and I _______ (visit) some amazing places. The best part of the holiday ______ (be) when I ________ (go) to Barcelona. Barcelona is a beautiful city. I _______ (see) lots of wonderful things. I _______ (walk) around the city and _______ (eat) delicious Spanish food. I _______ (love) the city! WRITING A. Read the texts on page 207. Which text did you prefer? Why? B. Write a paragraph about either: a. the best building you have visited b. your family home C. Share your writing with another student. Tell your partner three things you liked about their paragraph. INFO BOX Adjectives are usually used before nouns or after the verb ‘to be’. GRAMMAR BANK p. 189 WRITING BOX p. 207 33

family relations past simple tense vs. past continuous tense FAMILY FAMILY TREE WARM UP! VOCABULARY A. How many people live in your family home? A. Complete the following sentences with the Are you close to your extended family? words from the box. Do you always get on well with everyone in your family home? ex-wife grandson nephew What do you think are the relations in the mother-in-law step-sister niece family below? son-in-law aunt half-sister cousin e.g. I think Sally is Laura’s mother. step-daughter nuclear family great-grandmother David James 1. The son of my son/daughter is my __________. Jane 2. The daughter of my brother or sister is my Laura ________. 3. The sister of my father or mother is my ______. 4. The mother of my husband or wife is my ___________. Sally 5. The son or daughter of my uncle or aunt is my _______. 6. The son of my brother or sister is my _________. Tom 7. The husband of my daughter is my __________. 8. The woman I am no longer married to is my _________. 9. The daughter of my mother/father and their new wife/husband is my __________. 10. The daughter of my step-father/step-mother is my __________. 11. My grandmother’s mother is my __________. 12. The daughter of my new husband/wife is my ____________. 13. The traditional household of mother, father and children is called a family. 34

B. Listen to Louise describe her family. 2.3 2.2 Listen again and complete the FAMILY family tree with the names from the box. B. Read the definitions below. Scan the text ____-____ quickly and discuss the following questions. immediate family: nuclear family and close relatives extended family: a large family including distant relatives 1. How many people are in Sandeep’s family? 2. Who did he live with? ____-____ ____-Louise ____-Dave-____ C. Read the article below and circle the correct ____-____ ____-____ Olivia words in italics. Tim Betty Simon Bill Fiona Emma When I was a child I lived / was living Tom Elizabeth Sophie Ian in a very unique family. I grew up in Mumbai in India and I lived in a tiny C. Read the tapescript and underline all the little house at the edge of the city. I shared a room with my 6 brothers. I family relation words. Then turn to page 185 also was having / had 4 sisters, but and do the exercise. they shared a room with my cousins, nieces and nephews. In total, there were READING 22 people lived / living in my house All my extended family lived together A. Work with a partner and discuss the following including my aunts, uncles, sister-in- law and brother-in-law! questions. I moved house very often when I was 1. Why do you think large families were more young. I remember when we lived in a common in the past than now? small apartment. At the time, my father was working in a factory and my mother 2. Do you think there should be a legal limit to was working in a little restaurant. I was the number of children parents can have? studying / studied at university. After that, we moved / was moving into a 3. How many times have you moved house? bigger house, but there were still so What are the advantages and disadvantages of many people in one house! When we moving often? were living in the bigger house, I was working at the local library with my brother. I was reading a lot at that time. I loved / was loving living there! Finally, we moved to our little house at the edge of the city. It was a nice house and we had a small backyard, but at that time I was having / had six nieces and nephews so I was always busy! VOCABULARY BOX p. 185 35

2.2 question _____ I / he / she / ____ reading a magazine? FAMILY Were ____ / you / they driving to the office? D. Read the text again and decide if the INFO BOX sentences are true (T) or false (F). We use simple past to express completed 1. Sandeep lives in the centre of Mumbai. ___ actions in the past; however, past 2. He only lived with his immediate family. ___ continuous refers to actions in progress in 3. He lived in lots of different houses. ___ the past. 4. When he lived in a small apartment, his parents e.g. I went to bed late yesterday. (The action were working. ___ ‘went’ happened in a short time and was 5. He was working when he lived in the small completed in the past) apartment. ___ I was sleeping at 11 pm yesterday. (The 6. Sandeep had lots of time to relax when he lived action ‘sleep’ lasted longer in the past) in the little house at the edge of the city. ___ We use past continuous to talk about a longer action interrupted by another GRAMMAR action. e.g. I was living in Mexico when I fell in love A. Read the examples below, underline the with a girl in my class. main verbs and complete the following rules. a. She was playing in the playground 10 minutes ago. b. I was eating dinner in the kitchen this time yesterday. c. Jason wasn’t studying at the college last year. d. Were you sleeping at home at 11 am? 1. We use past continuous tense to express continuing / completed past actions at a specific time. 2. We use the present / past form of ‘to be’ in all forms. 3. We add the suffix –ing / -ed to the main verb after subject. B. Look at the tables and complete the missing parts. affirmative I /___ / She / It ___ reading a magazine. We / ___ / They driving to the office. negative I /He/ ___ / It wasn’t reading a magazine. We / You / ___ ___ driving to the office. 36

C. Complete the text below with the past simple 2.2 or past continuous. FAMILY I spent (spend) a lot of time with my brothers and sisters when I was young. One day, we ___________ SPEAKING (go) to visit my aunt. My aunt _________ (live) in a beautiful house in the countryside. When A. Work on your own. List all the advantages we _________ (arrive) at my aunt’s house she and disadvantages of living in a crowded ___________ (sleep). My aunt _______ (be) always family. tired because at that time, she _________ (work) a lot. I _________ (study), so I ________ (have) a lot B. Work with a partner. Look at the phrases on of free time to hang out with my family. page 205 and use some to have a discussion about crowded families. D. Work in pairs. Ask your partner what they were doing: e.g. A : I think the main advantage of living in a big 1. at 7pm last night 2. this time last year family is that there is always someone to 3. last weekend talk to. 4. when they first met their best friend B : I completely disagree! You don’t get any attention because everyone is too busy to e.g. talk to you. A: What were you doing 5 minutes ago? A : That’s a good point, but in my family there is B: I was talking on the phone. always someone to play with. You’re never alone! GRAMMAR BANK p. 190 SPEAKING BOX p. 205 37

adjectives ending -ed/ -ing time clauses with when / while / as soon as FAMILY EMOTIONS WARM UP! VOCABULARY A. Write the names of three animals. Now A. Watch the videoclips and describe the way write three adjectives for each animal. Your the people are feeling or how they make you teacher will now give you instructions. feel. Animal 1: _________ (_________, _________, __________) Animal 2: _________ (__________, ____________, __________) Animal 3: _________ (___________, ___________, ________) Write the names of three animals. Now write three adjectives for each animal. Your teacher will now give you the instructions. 38

2.3 FAMILY B. Read the pairs of adjectives below and LISTENING discuss the differences. Use a dictionary if necessary. A. Work with a partner. 1. bored - boring 2. surprised - surprising 3. frightened - frightening 4. excited - exciting C. Work in pairs and fill in the gaps with the correct adjectives in Exercise B. 1. I was ______________________ to see Michael at school today. I thought he moved to another city last week. 2. I can’t watch horror movies; they are really ______________________. 3. Next week is my birthday and I am so ______________________. 4. Bungee jumping is an extreme sport; it is scary but it is also really ______________________. 5. The results on my maths exam were really ______________________, I couldn’t believe I got an A! 6. I don’t like documentaries; they are too ______________________. INFO BOX 1. Do you often get together with your family for celebrations and parties? • We use adjectives that end in -ed to describe how people feel: 2. When was the last time you went to a party? What was the occasion? I’m surprised, she’s frightened, etc. • We use adjectives that end in -ing to 3. Look at the pictures and discuss what you think happened at the party. describe things, people and situations: The book was boring. 39 His brother is an interesting man. It was a frightening night. • Compare the usage of exciting and excited below: The castle was very exciting, so people got excited when they saw it.

2.3 FAMILY 2.4 past a B. Listen to the conversation between Jane and Mike and check your present predictions. an on-going past action ı was playing football C. Work in pairs and answer the questions below. past b 1. How are Jane and Mike related? 2. What was Jane doing when she heard a noise present an interrupted on-going past action in the house? ı was playing football when he arrived 3. What was Jane doing when Uncle Jorge went past to see what was happening? 4. What was the first burglar doing when Uncle c present Jorge went into the living room? 5. What happened while he was calling the parallel past action ı was playing football while she was watching police? 6. How did Mike feel when he heard the story? INFO BOX GRAMMAR We can join the past continuous and simple past tenses together by using the A. Read the sentences and match them to the conjunctions when, as soon as and while. timetables below. We use while before a continuous action 1. When you called me, I was leaving my office. (present continuous tense); however, when We were sitting in the backyard, talking and and as soon as are used before the short action (simple past tense). Remember that listening to music when we heard a strange we don’t use while before a short action. noise from inside the house. 2. My sister was singing loudly while she was B. Work in pairs and put the sentences in order. having a shower. While Uncle Jorge was looking inside, I was 1. was / for / I / waiting / my sister / dog / a / big waiting in the backyard with mum and the / I / saw / when cousins. 3. I woke up quickly as soon as the alarm clock I was waiting for my sister when I saw a big rang. dog. As soon as he entered the living room he saw a man climbing out the window! 2. My / cooking / mum / while / I / doing / was / was / homework 3. answered / as / phone / dad / knew / it / my / was / the / soon / I / as / I 4. I / music / brother / room / into / was / my / when / listening / came / to 5. sister / was / while / dinner / talking / her / phone / my / I / was / on / eating 6. music / started / as / dance / everyone / soon / the / started / as / to 40

2.3 FAMILY C. Work with a partner and complete the sentences. Share your answers with other groups. 1. While I was studying... While I was studying, my sister was listening to music. 2. I was watching TV when... 3. As soon as I finished my homework... 4. While my mum / dad was cooking dinner... 5. I was waiting for the bus / metro when... 6. As soon as I got to school / university... SPEAKING A. Read the role play cards on page 206 and make a short conversation with your partner. Don’t forget to use when, while and as soon as and the adjectives in your list. Take turns with your partner and check the following prompts to have a better conversation. A : Tell me about something exciting you did last year. B : Well, I was visiting... C : Did you do anything adventurous when you were young? D : Of course! I loved exploring when I was a kid. One time... GRAMMAR BANK p. 190 SPEAKING BOX p. 206 41

free time activities past habits: used to / would FAMILY CHILDHOOD WARM UP! B. Match the people’s reasons for doing the activities with the pictures. A. Look at the pictures below and discuss these questions with a partner. 1. I do a lot of this because it keeps my mind active. I used to be physically active, but I 1. Which of the activities below do you do? can’t exercise these days. But my doctor says, 2. What activities do the older generation in your “Healthy mind, healthy body.” family do? 2. I used to play for my school when I was a young boy and I still love being active today. It hurts a bit if I fall over now, but it didn’t use to! My friends called me the new Pele! 3. I used to be quite famous in my country. I learned how to play when I was young and my songs used to be on the radio. I still get together with my mates sometimes to play and laugh about the old days. ab cd e 42

VOCABULARY 2.4 A. Discuss these questions in small groups. FAMILY 1. Is there anything you did a lot when you were a B. Scan the article and put a tick near the child that you don’t do these days? activities Stephen did in the past. 2. Is there anything your parents or grandparents go hiking did when they were young that they don’t do now? play the guitar B. Work with the same group and write a short rent a caravan report using the prompts on page 185. read and take photographs C. Work in groups of three and discuss the questions below. Take notes about the C. Read the text below and circle the correct answers of the group members. words in italics. 1. How often do you do the activities in Exercise I feel very lucky about the life I had as A? a young man. My family was not rich 2. When was the last time you did the activities and we didn’t live in a big, luxurious house, but we were happy. I used to in Exercises A? / use to spend my weekends going 3. What is your least favourite activity in Exercise hiking and taking photographs of the beautiful scenery around my home. The A? Why? mountains near my house in southern Germany were magnificent. READING In spring, there were beautiful flowers A. Look at the picture of Stephen. everywhere and I would walk / walked through the mountains with my How do you think his life is different now to in the girlfriend. But we loved winter even past? more! In winter, we used to go / went skiing with all our friends. It was such a wonderful time! We would rent a small cabin in the mountains and go away for the weekend together. We didn’t used / didn’t use to have mobile phones or Wi-Fi then, so nobody could contact us. Unfortunately, I can’t go skiing anymore, but I still love going to the mountains to watch my grandchildren enjoy the snow! I also used to going / go to Berlin a lot. Most of my family lived in Berlin and I loved going there. We would exploring / explore the city and visit all the museums. Berlin is an amazing city and it is full of history and incredible architecture. I used to read a lot of books about Berlin and learn about all the things that happened there before I was born. I don’t read as much anymore, but I wish I could! VOCABULARY BOX p. 185 43

2.4 B. Complete the sentences below using ‘used to’ in the correct form. FAMILY 1. I used to drink (drink) a lot of coffee, but now I D. Read the text again and answer the questions drink more tea. below. 1. What was Stephen’s favourite time to go to the 2. I _________ (not wear) glasses. 3. What _________ your best friend _________ mountains? Why? (do) on the weekends? 2. What did Stephen like doing in winter? 4. My mum doesn’t like potatoes anymore 3. Does he still do it now? because she _________ (eat) a lot of them! 4. What did Stephen like doing in Berlin? 5. He _________ (go) hiking in Spain in the summer. 5. How did Stephen learn about Berlin? 6. My sister ___________ (not like) watching 6. Does he still do it now? soap operas, but now they are all she likes. E. Look at the text again and find strong adjectives similar to magnificent that Stephen uses. How does this affect his writing? GRAMMAR A. Read the following sentences and choose the correct options in the rules. a. In the past, I used to be overweight, and I never thought of losing weight. b. I used to eat fast food, chips and cookies, or fried meat, and I didn’t know how to change. c. We would get up quite early when I was living on my grandparents’ farm. d. Eva: Did you use to draw pictures on the wall when you were a kid? Tina: No, I didn’t use to draw pictures when I was a kid. I used to spend my time playing outside. Rules 1. Only used to / would is used with past habits (both states and actions) that don’t happen now. 2. It is not possible to use used to / would for past states. 3. We use base / past form of the verb after ‘used to’ and ‘would’. 4. The form of used to changes / doesn’t change in all sentence forms. 44

INFO BOX 2.4 If something happened only once in the FAMILY past, we can’t use ‘used to’ or ‘would’; instead, we must use the past simple. C. Correct the mistakes in the text below. e.g. I visited several tourist attractions in Italy When I was younger I used to spending a lot of time with last summer. They were amazing. my sisters. We would to go out to dinner and have lots of (not I used to visit or I would visit) parties. I use to love getting dressed up and going out with my sisters, we always had so much fun! I didn’t used to like staying out late but I loved hanging out with my family. We would always ate a delicious dinner and chat about our lives and what we wanted to do in the future. I didn’t use want to be a nurse, but now I love my job, even when it’s difficult! WRITING A. Look at the example email on page 208 and then use the prompts to write an email of your own. GRAMMAR BANK p. 191 WRITING BOX p. 208 45

words easily confused telling stories: sequencing words FAMILY PET SHOP WARM UP! If you lie down with dogs, you will get up with fleas. A. Work in groups. Ask and answer the following questions with your partners. B. Franklin 1. What did you do last weekend? 2. Did anything interesting happen? If yes, what It is better to travel well than to arrive. happened? Buddha VOCABULARY Wherever I lay A. Discuss these quotes with a partner. What my hat, that’s do they mean to you? my home. Don’t just see, feel. M. Gaye Don’t just dream, do. Don’t just hear, listen. If you run, you’ll never get to R.T. Bennett where you’re heading. Choose a job you love, and you will never have to work a day in your life. Anonymous Confucius Borrowing is not much better than 46 begging; just as lending with interest is not much better than stealing. D. Lessing

2.5 FAMILY B. Check the information on page 185 and B. Listen and check your answers. 2.5 choose the correct words in italics. 1. I really like listening / hearing to rock music. C. Listen again and put a tick near the words 2. I can listen / hear lots of birds outside my you hear. window. but then in the end 3. Last week I started a new work / job. next 4. Sorry, I am really busy at the moment. I need first of all eventually to work / job. when 5. My mum always asks me to lay / lie the table. 6. I don’t feel well; I need to lay / lie in bed. finally lastly 7. I don’t have enough money for my rent, so I as soon as need to lend / borrow some from my parents. then firstly LISTENING after that A. Work in pairs and try to put the pictures into D. Retell the story with your partner using the the correct order. phrases above. GRAMMAR sequencing words: words that help us understand the order of events that are happening in a story A. Read the definition above. Look at the sequencing words below and decide if they are used to begin, continue or end a story. but then eventually first of all 1 next lastly in the end when as soon as firstly then after that initially to start off with finally Beginning Firstly, I unlocked the door. First of all, ... Continuing Then, I opened it and entered the room. Ending Finally, I could find the secret chest there. VOCABULARY BOX p. 185 47

2.5 C. Put the following story in order using the sequencing words. FAMILY a. I went downstairs to find my mum. ___ B. Complete the text with a suitable connectors b. She said, ‘no’. ___ in Exercise A. There are many options for c. I woke up early this morning. 1 each blank. d. She told me she would lend me a little Last week I went to a pet shop. (1)_________, I money until I get paid. ___ wanted to buy a dog, but (2) ___________ I saw the e. I asked my mum if I could borrow some little kittens in the shop window, I fell in love with them. It took me a long time to choose which one was the cutest, money. ___ but (3) ___________ I chose the grey one. f. She got very angry with me. ___ (4) _______, the shopkeeper picked her up and gave her to me. (5) _______, I bought lots of little things for her, like a bed, a collar, food and (6)________, some toys. (7) _______, I took her home. I decided to call her Beyoncé because she is so beautiful! 48 GRAMMAR BANK p. 191

2.5 FAMILY SPEAKING A. Look at the pictures and tell the story to your partner. Remember to use the sequencing words. You can start like this: First of all, the black duck was sleeping under the stars... B. Work in pairs. Read the instruction below and tell your story to your partner. Instruction: Think about something that happened to you last week. Brainstorm any vocabulary you need to tell your story. Take short notes to remember the words better. Then, tell your partner what happened. Do not forget to take turns. 49

PENGUIN FAMILY A. Before watching the video, discuss these C. 1. What is your favourite wild animal? Work questions with a partner. with a partner. Research the habitat and history of your chosen animal. 1. Where do most penguins live? 2. Can you visit a local zoo to find more 2. What are their feet called, and why are they information? 3. Do you think your animal should be kept such a good design? in zoos or live in its natural habitat? 3. Why do they live in groups? What dangers does your animal face and 4. Where does the word ‘penguin’ come from? why? 5. Where do the world’s smallest penguins live? B. Watch the video and answer the questions D. Present your findings to the class with visual above. aids, such as a PowerPoint presentation. Remember to say why you like this animal 1. ____________________________________ so much. 2. ____________________________________ 3. ____________________________________ 4. ____________________________________ 5. ____________________________________ 50

UNIT 2 REVISION BOX A. Complete the following sentences with past C. Read the following sentences and circle the simple form of the verbs given in brackets. correct tense in italics. 1. Sam ________ (watch) a movie last night. 1. I was reading / read a book when you called 2. Sophia ________ (not, go) to school yesterday. me last night. 3. Emily ________ (play) tennis two days ago. 4. Charlotte ________ (eat) a hamburger two 2. I was going / went to school yesterday. 3. I was studying / studied when the phone rang. hours ago. 4. She was watching / watched a movie when her 5. Daniel ________ (meet) two partners at the father came home. meeting yesterday. 5. My mother was cleaning the house while I was 6. Alex ________ (call) his father last week. 7. David ________ (not, travel) to London last washing / washed the dishes. 6. I was walking / walked along the street when I year. 8. I ________ (study) Spanish when I was a child. hurt my ankle. 7. I was finishing / finished my homework two days ago. 8. I was going / went to London last Sunday. B. Choose the correct option to complete the D. Complete the following collocations with the following sentences. verbs given in the box. 1. Your mother and your father are your ----. go (x2) take do play watch a. niece b. parents 2. The daughter of your brother is your ----. 1. ___ photographs 4. ___ sports 2. ___ hiking 5. ___ out with friends a. nephew b. niece 3. ___ a movie 6. ___ the piano 3. My mother is my father’s ----. E. Correct the spelling. a. wife b. husband 4. The son of your sister is your ----. 1. borred ______ 5. borng ______ a. niece b. nephew 2. suprised ______ 6. frigtgening ______ 3. frihtgened ______ 7. exceted ______ 5. Your father is your mother’s ----. 4. ecxiting ______ 8. soprising ______ a. wife b. husband 51