skills for success after graduation

Meltem İzgören Yıldız Oya Sezginer Nil Zelal Şen Department of Modern Languages METU



We wish to express our sincere gratitude to the president, Prof. Ahmet Acar; the ACKNOWLEDGMENTS present chairperson of the Modern Languages Department, Aylin Graves; and the assisstant chairpersons Gökçe Vanlı, Burçin Hasanbaşoğlu, and Tamay Ergüven Orhan for the feedback, support, and guidance they have provided throughout the book writing process. We would like to convey our greatest appreciation to our colleagues Elif Özgüvenç, İpek Nalbantoğlu, Filiz Etiz, Çiğdem Mekik, Reyhan Atasever, Serra Ayken, Canan Duzan, Evrim Yalçın, Gonca Gülen, Özlem Polat and Gökçe Tokdemir, who have provided us with their invaluable feedback, assistance, and encouragement in the successful completion of this book. We also wish to thank the writers of the previous coursebook in our department: Yurdanur Özkan, Şahika Tarhan, and Nil Zelal Akar. Without the foundation they have built, we could not have created the gist of this book. We are also indebted to our colleagues who willingly helped us with the recordings of the listening scripts: Murat Aydın, Çiğdem Mekik, Ebru Pesek Kutsal, and Serkan Algan. Finally, an honorable mention goes to our families and friends for their understanding and support on us in completing this book. Meltem İzgören Yıldız Oya Sezginer Nil Zelal Şen



The aim of this book is to provide university students who are nearing their THE AIM OF THE BOOK graduation with the skills they will need after they finalize their studies at the university. The target audience being the junior and senior students, we have designed the content so that they have a thorough understanding of the concepts related to “worklife”, a term which defines any activity they embark on after graduation. Thus, the consecutive units explore the steps taken in the process of entering the domains of “business”. The book is designed with a theme-based, cyclical and communicative syllabus format, where all four skills of reading, listening, speaking and writing are integrated into each unit. None of the skills outweigh the others as each is equally needed in worklife or academic life settings. The exercises in each unit are in the nature of moving from receptive to productive skills to ensure the profound grasp of the concepts. The book comprises 5 units, aiming to tackle real life situations both in social and professional terms. Each unit helps learners develop a career plan, make a formal application and perform well on the job or graduate program they have chosen by enabling students to build self-awareness in terms of their skills, interests, traits, and values as well as social, ethical, and cultural issues, which happen to be the core dynamics of a society. We hope both students and instructors will benefit from using Skills for Success after Graduation. Meltem İzgören Yıldız Oya Sezginer Nil Zelal Şen

BOOK MAP UNIT 1 SELF-EXPLORATION TOPICS READING LISTENING SPEAKING Successful People Successful People ILnatlelyrvRieewmwenitthilla STuaclkciensgsfualbPoeurtsoan DSuecfcinesistion of HDSCioxeofnwFinsaiDecdteSoorurYscoctueoss: MIntuehrtvairewKewnitth PSPMkerearilsskloesinnntgaaltiatioySnhanoabdrtout ARTaerltckiecinnletgNabeowustIatem/ UNIT 2 CAREER PLANNING & APPLICATION TOPICS READING LISTENING SPEAKING Career Planning What is Career Career Benefits to Telephoning Planning? Studying Abroad Roleplay Networking Steve Jobs Using Networking Talking about a Career Benefits to for Applications & Recent News Item/ Studying Abroad Career Moves Article UNIT 3 INTERVIEWS TOPICS READING LISTENING SPEAKING Interview Roleplays Interviews: An Application Preparing for a job Telephoning Preparation, Types, Story interview Roleplay First Impressions, Asking and Common Interview Types of Interviews First Impressions Answering Questions Questions Using How to Take Nine Common Formal/Informal Control of a Job Interview Register Interview and Make Questions Presenting a TED Yourself a Winning Talk Candidate Every Time

WRITING SKILLS LANGUAGE STUDY BOOK MAP Writing a Paragraph on Know Thyself: Interests, Academic Titles & one’s Ideal Career Abilities & Skills, Values, Degrees Personality Noun Clauses Writing a Paragraph on a Relative Clauses Skill Business Skill: Making Collocations Presentations WRITING SKILLS LANGUAGE STUDY Writing an Email Writing a CV Action Verbs Writing a Cover Letter Recruitment Vocabulary Writing a CV Completing an Adverb Clauses & Application Form Relationship between Writing a Cover Letter Business Skill: Ideas Telephoning Collocations WRITING SKILLS LANGUAGE STUDY Writing a Thank You Preparing for and Taking a Modals Email Job Interview Register Business Skills: Telephoning, Emailing Collocations

BOOK MAP UNIT 4 ETHICS & THE WORKPLACE TOPICS READING LISTENING SPEAKING Ethics What is Ethics? A New Push On Discussion on the Workplace Ethics Corruption Ethical Values of Violations Core Values Companies Corruption Business Ethics Discussion on core Business Ethics Common Workplace values Ethics Violations Safer Chemical Discussion on Ethics Policies Violations Roleplay on Ethical Violations Talking about a news item on Unethical Behavior Holding a Meeting Roleplay on Making Complaint Telephone Calls Talking about a Recent News Item/Article UNIT 5 CULTURE & THE WORKPLACE TOPICS READING LISTENING SPEAKING First Contacts Learning the At the Seminar Small Talk Roleplays Small Talk Corporate Culture Expat Advice: Coping Group/Pair Culture with Culture Shock in Presentation on a Culture Shock Factors that Increase China Cultural Concept Cultural Features of Organizational Features of Three Interview with Different Countries Performance Generations Someone who The Workplace Dealing with Conflict Experienced Culture Corporate Culture Conflict at the Shock How to Increase Workplace Roleplay on Cultural Organizational Problems Performance Examining and Talking Conflict at the about the Culture of Workplace an Organization Generation Differences Pair Presentation on the Cultures of two Countries Roleplay on Taking & Leaving Telephone Messages Talking about a Recent News Item/Article

WRITING SKILLS LANGUAGE STUDY BOOK MAP Writing an Email to Report a Discussion Vocabulary on Ethics Workplace Ethics Violation Violations Writing a Statement of Writing a Statement of Purpose Meetings Vocabulary Purpose Business Skills: Meetings & Conditionals & Wish Telephoning Clauses WRITING SKILLS LANGUAGE STUDY Writing an Email to Get Business Skills: Telephoning: Vocabulary on Culture Advice on How to Deal with Taking & Leaving Messages Adaptation Problems Comparatives & Superlatives Report Writing

TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3 THE AIM OF THE BOOK 5 BOOK MAP 6 UNIT I: SELF-EXPLORATION 13 14 Successful People: 16 17 Listening 1: Interview with Lally Rementilla 19 Listening 2: Interview with Muhtar Kent 21 Reading: How do you Define Success: 6 Factors to Consider 21 Speaking: Talking about a Successful Person 21 23 Know Thyself: 26 28 Interests 30 Abilities and Skills 31 Values 35 Personality 44 Get Feedback From Others 53 55 Business Skill: Making Presentations 57 Making Applications: Advertisements 58 Language Study 61 Keep in Touch 62 64 UNIT II: CAREER PLANNING & APPLICATION 64 65 What is Career Planning: 67 74 Reading: Steve Jobs 84 Listening: Using Networking for Applications & Career Moves 88 92 Business Skill: Telephoning 95 Emails 97 Acting Out: Calling the Instructor 100 Listening: Career Benefits to Studying Abroad 102 Language Study 103 CV 106 Cover Letter 108 Application Forms 112 Language Study Keep in Touch 113 116 UNIT III: INTERVIEWS 118 120 Reading: An Application Story 129 Listening: Preparing for a Job Interview Types of Interviews Listening: First Impressions Telephoning Listening: Nine Common Interview Questions Reading: How to Take Control of a Job Interview and Make Yourself a Winning Candidate Everytime Common Interview Questions Business Skill: Emailing Language Study Keep in Touch

UNIT IV: ETHICS & THE WORKPLACE 131 TABLE OF CONTENTS 133 Reading: What is Ethics? 134 Reading: Core Vlues 137 Reading: Common Workplace Ethics Violations 141 Discussion 142 Language Study 143 Listening: A New Push On Corruption 145 Business Skill: Meetings 157 Listening: Business Ethics 158 Listening: Safer Chemical Policies 160 Business Skill: Making Complaint Calls 162 Statement of Purpose 170 Language Study 171 Keep in Touch 173 175 UNIT V: CULTURE & THE WORKPLACE 175 178 First Contacts 183 Small Talk 185 Listening: At the Seminar 187 Culture 190 Language Study 191 Listening: Expat Advice: Coping with Culture Shock in China 194 The Workplace 197 Reading: Learning the Corporate Culture 197 Reading: Factors that Increase Organizational Performance 199 Conflict at the Workplace 200 Listening: Features of Three Generations 202 Listening: Dealing with Conflict 204 Business Skill: Taking and Leaving Telephone Messages 205 Language Study Keep in Touch 267 APPENDICES BIBLIOGRAPHY

“…I, your glass, Will modestly discover to yourself That of yourself which you yet know not of.” -William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar “We must have ideals and try to live up to them, even if we never quite succeed. Life would be a sorry business without them. With them it’s grand and great.” -Lucy Maud Montgomery, Anne of Avonlea

UNIT 1 SELF-EXPLORATION

14 Unit 1 SUCCESSFUL PEOPLE 1. In what fields have these people been successful? a. Cahit Arf b. Kemal Kurdaş c. Türkan Saylan d. Margaret Chan e. Dilma Rousseff f. Feza Gürsey

Self- Exploration 15 2. Match the following short biographies with the above. I. ________________________________ was Turkish Minister of Finance, the IMF’s adviser to Latin American governments and deputy head of the Turkish Treasury; went on to develop Middle East Technical University (METU), built a distinctive campus for it and created a forest in what was arid, eroding land; helped found and expand a number of businesses; at the same time initiated archeological excavations, led the effort to salvage historical artifacts and monuments from flooding by the Keban dam and supported the publication of findings that throw light on the Neolithic revolution; wrote articles and books on economic policy (Wikipedia 2011). II. UscpesDaa2f_ipoyfrnpsn0e_fmronepip_a0Revfcd_oalem5aeelt_rirsydi,rnp_ouvst,s_trmmwoineiweo_eftliaden_eyyscdas_ne(aasimD_oSnstlbn_sfeeAitlar_,aeaalfWRneoe_mtsdc_craiSeeaiv_ttesgs)naeoe_dePet;ddnr_ieadrno,_rdAsoft2_oCnetosep_tu0eossshr_Otctm0uito_ebhstna3r_mitmrebtvoD_a,eajlone_unopiairrt_isintkoliee_nhloosisa_cDbecft_tniodaeino_borctftbWr_thfeeelaC-eectHeGaDvarttnieeODnoiohaHrdrnrba(inees-eurWtdacGeareimaltlonaeaosito;nrnhspfalcrllleeaneo;u-fadGodsilrneuHnraensEnStelneaPzrncuaa,enoafahvrelorddtnveniarahruddenhlmoOciCedailnonermnleonnadmgeodmtcinawefnice9ecnmcrsentaIensiewNrnzutlevaa;aafonretilitnvnvuiiniriodcndeioieeincatenmnnieabgaRJag)zscblrltuaefaeueeiotssn;vertrocDpDieeepono2sipirlsurn02lrtfSeeeabrsoe00saecbloevpii60pstomcmeoeita5rrhnr(espsa,aWeom;trttafwwioatotHtbolhhvnrhetaenOheeyeldesr;l, 2012). III. ________________________________ was a famous dermatologist; became active in the fight against leprosy in the 1970s founding the Turkish Leprosy Relief Association; became consultant to WHO on leprosy and a founding member of the International Leprosy Union; worked for years in rural Turkey with limited resources; worked to provide education for poor children; in 1989 helped found the Association to Support Contemporary Life, which focused primarily on the education of young girls (Arsu, 2009). IV. ________________________________ was a highly respected mathematician and physicist; best known contribution to theoretical physics is his/her work on the Nonlinear Chiral Lagranigan; is renowned for many seminal and deep contributions to theoretical physics as well as for kindness, civility and scholarship; never hesitated to pick problems that were not fashionable; tackled the most difficult problems planting new seeds in unknown soil (Wikipedia, 2011). V. ________________________________ was a famous mathematician; worked at various institutions: Galatasaray High School, Istanbul University, Scientific and Technological Research Council (TÜBİTAK), Robert College, Princeton, New Jersey, University of California, Berkeley, and finally METU. Is internationally known for an invariant of a quadratic form in characteristic 2 named after him/ her (applied in knot theory and surgery theory in topology), and for many other theorems by his/her name (Wikipedia, 2011). VI. ________________________________ is current President of Brazil; was raised in an upper middle class household; became a socialist during youth, and following the 1964 coup d’état joined various left-wing and Marxist urban guerrilla groups that fought against the military dictatorship; was captured and jailed between 1970 and 1972 and reportedly tortured; founded the Democratic Labour Party (PDT); became the Secretary of the Treasury and later the Secretary of Energy; in 2000, after an internal dispute left PDT and joined the Workers’ Party; in 2005 became Minister of Energy and held office until 2010; was elected president in a run-off on 31 October 2010 (Wikipedia, 2011).

16 Unit 1 3. What might be the key factors that led these persons to success? 4. Do you possess any of the traits mentioned above? LALLY REMENTILLA Having discussed traits and factors that bring success, now you will listen to another success story. Lally Rementilla is vice president (VP) of a famous finance company, Nulogy Corporation. She is interviewed about her path to success. Adapted from: Beckford, A. (2011). The invisible mentor. Retrieved November 07, 2011 from http://theinvisiblementor.com /2011/10/21/the-invisible- mentorinterviews-lally-rementilla-vp-finance-and-administration- nulogy-corporation-part-two/ A. Match the following words with their definitions. 1. entrepreneur a. to start, put into operation 2. venture 3. launch b. to undertake something without serious intent 4. diligence 5. mentor c. to act with some risk of harm or money 6. dabble d. a wise and trusted counselor or teacher. e. a person who starts a business with an idea, makes it grow, and takes the risk of failure f. continuous effort and dedication, especially to one’s work B. Listen to the interview with Lally Rementilla and answer the following questions. 1. Lally Rementilla is a finance professional who has been in the technology and media industries for a long time. T / F 2. List two things she helps female entrepreneurs with: a. b. 3. Lally Rementilla’s motivation comes from standing up to difficult situations. T/F 4. If she had to start over from scratch, knowing what she knows now, what would she do differently?

Self- Exploration 17 5. What are the two things she has learned after one of her biggest mistakes? a. b. 6. An accomplishment that she is proudest of is­_­ _______________ Lavalife. 7. The advice that she gives to the listeners is to find out about their ________. Sharing Views Lally Rementilla says “I constantly push myself into situations that are stretch in nature; therefore, the challenge of having to overcome an obstacle is actually motivating for me”. 1. Do challenges motivate you too? If yes, how? 2. What else motivates you to achieve something? MUHTAR KENT Listen to the following interview with Muhtar Kent, who is a Turkish businessman and Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of The Coca-Cola Company. Mr. Kent holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Economics from Hull University, England, and a Master of Science degree in Administrative Sciences from CASS Business School at City University in London. Adapted from: The Coca-Cola Company (n.d.). Senior functional leadership: Muhtar Kent. Retrieved November 07, 2011 from http://www. thecocacolacompany.com/ourcompany/bios/bio_76.html A. Match the following words with their definitions: 1. classified a. granted a special advantage or benefit 2. privileged b. something passed on or left by an earlier generation, event, etc. 3. associate c. accept an idea 4. enterprising d. a partner or colleague 5. legacy e. learn how to do something well 6. innovative f. categorized in groups with similar characteristics 7. embrace g. willing to undertake new ventures 8. master h. using or presenting new methods, ideas, etc.

18 Unit 1 B. Now listen to the interview with Muhtar Kent and answer the following questions. 1. Muhtar Kent joined the Coca-Cola Company by ____________________. 2. How does Muhtar Kent keep in touch with his homeland? 3. How is Turkey important to the Coca-Cola Company? 4. Write one similarity between the Turkish and American business environments. 5. What advice does he give to college students? Sharing Views How do you think Muhtar Kent’s keeping in touch with his homeland contributes to his success? Synthesizing: Write a statement comparing/contrasting Rementilla and Kent’s suggestions to young entrepreneurs.

Self- Exploration 19 HOW DO YOU DEFINE SUCCESS? SIX FACTORS TO CONSIDER By Ron Haynes You have heard the cliché; success is a journey, not a destination. In many cases I agree. There is more fun in the chasing than in the catching. I went fishing with a friend of mine and caught a very large striped bass. He was thrilled and scrambled around to find a camera to take a picture. When I bent over to let the fish go, he said, “What are you doing? We can clean it and fry it up back at the cabin!” My reply was, “Man, I don’t want to clean this fish.” Then I let him go. That story illustrates that the fun is in the pursuit, the chase. Success is like that. We love the thrill of the chase, the excitement of what is going to happen, the what ifs, and the hopes that come with them. Once you have “arrived,” you have to set different goals to get those thrills again. Too many people think that success is wrapped up in things, but the truth is, success is wrapped up in how you see yourself and how you’re able to enjoy your life. To have a completely successful life along these lines, you will need to consider these six components: 1. Peace of Mind Can anyone truly consider themselves successful if they lack this ingredient? People around the world are constantly searching for peace of mind. I define peace of mind as freedom from fear, worry, anger, and guilt. I think we seek peace of mind through many channels; some of them are destructive and some are worthwhile. Some seek peace of mind through faith, some through money, others in relationships, others in work, and still others seek to fill this void through participation in vices such as gambling or drugs. Very few ever truly find peace of mind outside of their faith, however. Success, no matter how you define it, must have peace of mind in the mix; otherwise your success will be bland and watered down. 2. Health and Energy “Success” without good health and the energy to enjoy life is not success at all; it is just a shell of what it can be. Many people that are financially successful in the world’s eyes spend their fortunes in desperate attempts to regain their health or to stay youthful and vibrant. Any success without health and energy is like a high performance car with no gasoline in the tank. 3. Loving Relationships No matter how much financial success someone enjoys, again, it is a hollow feeling if you have no one to share it with. It does not have to be a spouse; it can be parents, children, friends or other family members. 4. Financial Freedom That is, freedom from thinking about money all the time. Not necessarily being “rich,” but having enough money to pay your bills, feed your family, and take care of basic necessities. For some, $50,000 in the bank would be plenty, for others, $5 million would not be enough. To be sure, many people think of finances when they visualize success and it is a major component in our culture, but for the purposes of defining success, I am talking about the feeling of freedom, that deep sigh that you do not depend on anyone else but yourself.

20 Unit 1 5. Worthy Goals Most people have financial freedom as their top goal, but once you have that big pile of cash, then what? That’s why you constantly see millionaires and billionaires getting involved in some type of other business venture or philanthropy. In fact, it is the chase that they love. Money is just the means. Humans need to be chasing something. We desperately want to improve ourselves, or others. It is just human nature. 6. Personal Fulfillment This is also called Self Actualization, which is the concept of “being all you can be,” of feeling like you matter and that you are making a difference. This is the feeling that you are not just going through the motions for no reason, what you do and who you are is of vital importance. If you have the first five components, but feel unfulfilled and useless, you do not enjoy the full measure of success. Adapted from: Haynes, R. (n.d.). How do you define success? Six factors to consider. Retrieved November, 09, 2011 from http://www.thewisdomjournal.com/Blog/how-do-you-define-success-six-factors-to-consider/ Not all of your endeavors will incorporate all six of these, and any one of them can be a pursuit in itself, but many of these aspects will show up in your pursuit of success. You can adapt these six components into any goal you set for yourself. For example, how will your graduation lead to success in terms of worthy goals? The answer may be: You will be able to set higher goals for yourself. Having read the six factors above, a. circle your success area/s below. b. identify the results they have brought about by putting a tick in the appropriate column. Success Area Peace of Health Loving Financial Worthy Personal Mind and Relationships Freedom Goals Fulfillment Education Sports Energy Arts Family Relationships Other Now make a written self-evaluation. “My success in _______________­_________ (a field) has resulted in___________ ________________________________________________________________.

Self- Exploration 21 Getting It Across Talk about a person whom you find successful in his/her field (whether well-known or not). Focus on the following aspects of this person: • Short background • Area of success • Relevance to Ron Haynes’s six factors for success KNOW THYSELF To attain success, it is vital to know yourself. In fact there are several areas that you should investigate: your interests, abilities and skills, values, and personality. This process is called career self- assessment. It will form the basis for your career choice after graduation, academic or professional. Start with what you already know about yourself. A. Find out about your interests 1. Pair up with a friend. Interview him/her using the following questions. Note down his/her answers. Then reverse the roles.

22 Unit 1 Name of the Interviewee: ANSWERS Name of the Interviewer: QUESTIONS a) If you could teach courses on any subject at any level, what subjects would you teach? b) If you had 500,000 TL, what kinds of businesses would you invest it in? c) If you were an excellent writer or journalist, what topics would you investigate or write about? d) If you could have the jobs of three people, what jobs / whose jobs would you select and why? e) What local, societal, or world problems interest you? f) There is a conference focusing on the topics you have always wanted to learn about. What are these topics? g) What subjects do you most enjoy reading about? h) What are your favorite hobbies or pastimes? i) What subjects do you enjoy discussing with your friends? j) What did you dream you would be when you were younger? k) If you could make money doing whatever you wanted, what would you do? l) If you could intern at any business or organization right now, what would it be? Adapted from: UC Berkeley Career Center (n.d.). Career exploration. Retrieved November 06, 2011 from https://career.berkeley.edu/ Plan/Career

Self- Exploration 23 2. After completing the interview, look at the answers of your friend and suggest what profession would suit his/her interests. 3. Considering both your friend’s suggestions and your own answers, describe the ideal position/job/academic program for yourself in a short paragraph. My Ideal Career: B. Identify your abilities and skills Skills and abilities are tasks that you naturally do well – talents and strengths that you bring to the table as a student and/or employee. These include natural capabilities you have always had in addition to specific knowledge and skills you have acquired through experience and training. 1. Underline the skills that you possess in the following list. Communication Information Management Organization Management verbal communication math knowledge and skills written communication record keeping time management use of languages logical ability solve problems mastery with words calculate and compute make decisions teamwork classify and catalog lead summarize apply formulas plan ahead persuade organize information meet deadlines listen attentively manage money establish priorities facilitate discussion attend to details supervise consult develop systems motivate teach develop a budget recruit train categorize collaborate sell summarize mediate interview manage databases initiate projects ask questions forecast make presentations organize/coordinate negotiate handle logistics entertain put theory into practice host delegate determine policy strategize create team set goals

24 Unit 1 Design & Planning Research & Investigation Human Service anticipate problems/ analyze ideas interpersonal skills consequences analyze data group process plan research sensitivity to needs invent investigate empathize conceptualize read for information encourage design interview for information empower display collect data consult brainstorm new ideas diagnose interview think visually evaluate counsel improvise compare advocate adapt think critically use intuition synthesize synthesize information coach customize experiment provide illustrate observe care perform outline coordinate develop theory listen Technical/Physical calculate advise hypothesize support assemble build ON YOUR FORMAL construct DOCUMENTS, INDICATE model THE LEVEL OF YOUR program COMPETENCE WHEN install MENTIONING YOUR maintain invent COMPUTER AND operate equipment LANGUAGE SKILLS. repair restore computer laboratory Adapted from: UC Berkeley Career Center (n.d.). Career exploration. Retrieved November 06, 2011 from https://career. berkeley.edu/Plan/Career

Self- Exploration 25 2. Choose one of the underlined skills and write a paragraph about it using the following outline. A. How have you used this skill in the past? • When and where did this happen? • What did you do? • What happened in the end? • What other skills did you use? B. How do you think you will benefit from this skill in your prospective job/ program? Example: Nick is writing about his organizational skills: I am an active member of the University X Society and last year I was elected chairperson of a committee who undertook the challenge of organizing the annual charity ball. As the leader of a committee of about eight people, each with different ideas and agendas, I found that good communication between each member of the group and an efficient teamwork were imperative. With the ball being the focal point of the X Society calendar, this was an event that took months of organization from choosing the venue to raising sponsorship, of which we managed £2,500. As chair of the committee, I had to lead the team and make each person feel as though they had an important role to play. There were some conflicts within the group but as chair it was my responsibility to make sure that, taking into account other people’s ideas and advice, any disagreement was sorted out. This was a project that was close to my heart and it was a success. As a team we overcame problems, both logistical and financial, and raised over £3,000 for charity as well as providing a fantastic evening. I believe this experience has also improved my problem-solving, time-management, conflict-resolution and delegation skills. I can largely benefit from those skills while working in project teams in your company. Your Paragraph

26 Unit 1 C. Know your values Knowing your values will help you develop a clearer sense of what is most important to you in life. A value is a belief and a priority that is meaningful to you and that influences both your actions and reactions. Values can serve as your guiding force, especially when making decisions and pursuing options that lead to happiness, including career options. By clarifying and applying your values, you can achieve enhanced self-awareness and ultimately be guided towards a more satisfying career. 1. Below is a list that can be used to describe one’s values. Tick the ones that are important both in your career and life planning. Intrinsic & Personal Values Integrity Belonging and sense of Honesty Status/prestige community Helping others Achievement Making an impact on Respect from others Equality society High levels of Independence Justice & fairness responsibility Focus on service/ Connection to Power contribution religion/spirituality Appreciation from others Commitment Work-life balance Nature of the work Achievement-focused work Focus on social activism Presence of change & Precision work Intellectual stimulation variety High-risk work Perfectionism High levels of competence Focused/detailed work Opportunity for growth required Opportunity for creativity Adventurous work Work on cutting edge of & self-expression Cooperation knowledge Initiative driven work Work Relationships Humor & fun Open communication Harmony & low levels of Independent work Teamwork focus conflict Shared values Trust among colleagues Autonomy Constructive competition Cultural diversity Recognition for Caring relationships accomplishments Competition Support from supervisors Cooperation & & managers collaboration

Self- Exploration 27 Work Environment Flexibility Relaxed work pace High volume of public Work under tight deadlines Quiet environment contact Pleasant surroundings Highly organized Time freedom environment Comfortable & stable Stability & security Excitement income High earnings/salary Work under pressure Mobility Predictability & structure Work outdoors Friendly environment Private office Safe environment Aesthetically pleasant surroundings Intellectually challenging and stimulating environment Adapted from: UC Berkeley Career Center (n.d.). Career exploration. Retrieved November 06, 2011 from https://career. berkeley.edu/Plan/Career 2. Get into pairs and ask and answer the following questions taking turns. a. Describe your ideal workplace. b. Name three values indispensable for you at the workplace and explain why.

28 Unit 1 D. Know your personality Most people find work more satisfying when it fits within their own personality. There are scientific career tests which are used to provide an indication of which jobs match your personality type and which careers you have an aptitude for. You can take a quick test online and get immediate result or take more extensive and professional tests to determine which careers might interest you. Two examples of such tests are in the appendix: “The Big Five” Personality Test and Holland’s Career Test. Below is a list of adjectives that can describe one’s personality. adaptable decisive frank patient serious affable decorous friendly peaceful sincere agreeable dedicated funny persevered skillful alert deft generous persistent sociable ambitious determined gentle placid stable assertive devoted happy positive steadfast attentive diligent harmonious pragmatic stimulating autonomous discreet honorable productive successful balanced dynamic humanistic protective supportive brave eager humorous punctual tactful bright easy-going impartial receptive talented calm efficient independent reflective tenacious capable elated industrious relaxed thorough careful eminent inspiring resolute thoughtful casual encouraging instinctive respectful thrifty charming energetic joyous responsible tolerant cheerful entertaining knowledgeable righteous trustworthy coherent enthusiastic laborious selective unbiased composed excited lively self-assured upbeat confident exclusive logical self-confident understanding cooperative extroverted mature self-disciplined versatile committed exuberant meticulous self-esteemed vivacious courageous fair modest self-reliant warm creative faithful obedient self-sufficient willing credible fearless optimistic sensible wise cultured flexible outgoing sensitive witty Adapted from: UC Berkeley Career Center (n.d.). Career exploration. Retrieved November 06, 2011 from https://career. berkeley.edu/Plan/Career

Self- Exploration 29 1. Fill in the blanks with suitable adjectives from the list below. diligent cooperative easygoing versatile encouraged self-esteemed eminent reliable enthusiastic punctual Certainly there is no ideal worker, so the ideal is only approximation, an attempt at a reality, and must adapt to the specific needs of a particular job. A good employee has to be (1) _______________________; in other words, this person should have the ability to handle multiple tasks at the same time. He should not focus on one task. A good employee also has to be (2) _______________________ because carrying out tasks with care and perseverance will ensure good work. Moreover, diligent work will make the employee more (3) _______________________; that is, people at work may easily depend on him/her. Being (4) _______________________ is important at this point because acting at the time appointed is one of the factors that make you reliable. If an employee wants to become a(n) (5) _______________________ member at his workplace, he should be (6) _______________________ . In other words, if this person wants to be an outstanding person in terms of character and performance, he should have the confidence. When it comes to personal relationship at work, an employee is expected to be (7) _______________________ – not demanding or stressful – and (8) _______________________ – have the willingness to work with others because good relationship with peers is the basis to feel comfortable when working. Last, but not least, a(n) (9) _______________________ person who is filled with motivation is always preferred as he will easily be (10) _______________________; in other words, have the inspiration to complete the tasks that are assigned to him/her. 2. Choose some adjectives that you think describe your personality. 3. List three of the adjectives you have underlined into the table below and write about a situation/event which exemplifies this personality trait of yours. Adjective Example 1. 2. 3.

30 Unit 1 E. Get feedback from others During the career exploration process, it is important to get feedback and input from others in your life who know you well, to help validate and supplement what you have already identified about yourself. Your friends, peers, colleagues and loved-ones often see different and unique aspects and attributes about you which you may not see within yourself. Ask three people you know and trust to give you feedback on the following two questions. They can be relatives, friends, partners, peers, roommates, supervisors, or co-workers. a. If you had to describe my personality and skills, what would you say? b. What kind of work environments do you think would best suit me? Self-evaluation: Did these three people describe you in the way you did yourself ? If not, why do you think they see you differently?

Self- Exploration 31 BUSINESS SKILL: MAKING PRESENTATIONS Presentations have a significant role in business and academic life. You may have already mastered this skill in our previous course Academic Speaking Skills. Below is an overview of making successful presentations. PREPARATION • Identify your audience. • Clarify your objective in making this presentation. • Select and organize your material. • Prepare a visual outline. • Write down your speech. • Prepare visuals. · Use one font type. · Use a font size larger than 16. · Do not make your slides too crowded. · Do not use complete sentences or paragraphs; just short phrases. · Do not make a lot of slides. • Practice.

32 Unit 1 PARTS Introduction • Getting attention • Introducing yourself • Introducing the topic • Showing a visual outline and explaining the subtopics Body: • Explaining each subtopic Conclusion: • Signalling ending • Summarizing • Commenting/Suggesting/Predicting… DELIVERY • Be positive and smile. • Be energetic. • Maintain eye contact. • Interact with the audience. Do not turn your back to the audience. • Interact with your visuals. • Use gestures, hands effectively. • Use your voice effectively: Not too low, not too high, but not monotonous either. • Do not talk too fast or too slow. • Slow down for important points. • Avoid using fillers such as “ah”, “um”, “and”, etc.

Self- Exploration 33 PRESENTATIONS Listen to phrases you hear. a. the openings of two presentations and write down the phrases common to introductions as mentioned in the previous table. b. two people giving presentations and write down the phrases they use to introduce and interpret visuals and examples. c. someone inviting the audience to ask questions. Write down the phrases you hear. d. some people who make suggestions on making presentations more effective and enjoyable. Write down the tips you hear. Taken from: Learn English Today (n.d.). Presentatitons. Retrieved March 30, 2012 from http://www.learn-english-today. com/businessenglish/presentations.htm

34 Unit 1 LANGUAGE FOR PRESENTATIONS Below you will find more useful phrases for your presentations. Starting the presentation • Good morning/good afternoon •The topic of my presentation today is ... Why you are giving this presentation • What I’m going to talk about today is ... •The purpose of this presentation is ... Stating the main points •This is important because ... Introducing the first point • My objective is to ... Showing graphics, transparencies, •The main points I will be talking about are slides etc.      firstly ... Moving on to the next point      secondly... Giving more details      next, finally... we’re going to look at ... Changing to a different topic • Let’s start/begin with ... Referring to something which is off the topic • I’d like to illustrate this by showing you... Referring back to an earlier point Summarizing or repeating the main • Now let’s move on to  ... points • I’d like to expand on this aspect/problem/point • Let me elaborate on that Conclusion • Would you like me to expand on/elaborate on that? • I’d like to turn to something completely different Questions • I’d like to digress here for a moment and just mention that ... • Let me go back to what I said earlier about ... • I’d like to recap the main points of my presentation      - first I covered      - then we talked about      - finally we looked at • I’d  now like to sum up the main points which were: • I’m going to conclude by... saying that/inviting you to/ quoting ... • In conclusion, let me leave you with this thought/ invite you to... • Finally, I’ll be happy to answer your questions.   • Now I’d like to invite any questions you may have. • Do you have any questions? Taken from: Learn English Today (n.d.). Presentatitons. Retrieved March 30, 2012 from http://www.learn-english-today. com/business-english/presentations-phrases.htm

Self- Exploration 35 Getting It Across Prepare a 3-minute presentation about yourself to talk about your: • Interests • Skills • Values • Personality traits • Ideal profession/position/career MAKING APPLICATIONS A common way to obtain information about job openings is to comb through the advertisements. It is important to select the suitable ones looking at the job description and requirements sections and identify whether you are eligible or not. Examine the job advertisements below and a. underline the qualifications, required skills, personality traits, and values. b. identify the ones suitable for your interests, skills, values and personality.

36 Unit 1 ADVERTISEMENT A HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS & SCIENCE TEACHER AD Full time job in Poland for High School Mathematics and Science teachers School/Company LEKTOR School Location POLAND: Mragowo (Mazury, Lake Region in northeastern Poland) Come to Mragowo, Poland and teach Mathematics and Science in a very friendly and professional working environment. LEKTOR School is now accepting applications from well- prepared and experienced mathematics teachers with the desire to stay in Poland for min. 1 year or longer. If you are enthusiastic, passionate and have plenty of energy about teaching, join our LEKTOR team - we are waiting for you! Duration of initial September 2011 - June 2012 contract Full time job Up to 25 hours per week; Monday - Friday generally from 8.30pm to 4.30pm. Duties Teaching mathematics and science to high school students We are looking for the teacher who is creative and can easily communicate with the students to help them practice their English in the classroom. The class sizes are kept small, giving you the chance to get to know the students well and making your teaching time far more beneficial for the students and relaxing for you! Qualifications Applicants must be qualified teachers. They should have a university degree (min. BA) with at least one-year teaching experience. Salary and Fringe *A competitive local salary, depending on experience and qualifications, Benefits sufficient for a comfortable living in Poland (paid monthly); all salary details will be provided on application. *A cash bonus of 600 USD (at the completion of the contract) *Single accommodation (We offer an apartment with a bedroom, a living room + kitchen, a bathroom and a sunny balcony in a block of flats opposite a supermarket and not far away - a 10 minute walk - from our school. It is fully furnished and equipped with all household facilities. There is central heating, gas, cold & hot water, TV (+ cable channels + internet), fridge, washing machine, hover etc. There is also a safe and free of charge car park nearby so you can even come to Poland by your car if you want -as our recent teachers did- and travel around each weekend). *Basic health and accident insurance (paid by the school) *Tax (paid by the school) *Internet access at school and at home (paid by the school) *Free Polish lessons (available on request) *Holidays (11 days for Christmas, 16 days for winter break, 6 days for Easter) Response Please e-mail your cover letter, CV, recent photo, copies of your instructions passport and certificates ASAP to: [email protected] Contact person: Lucja Mlynarczyk Visit our website to see our former teachers’ references for school at http://lektor-school. webpark.pl/ Taken from: WP.PL.(2012).Retrieved on 21 November 2011 from: http://lektor-school.webpark.pl/

Self- Exploration 37 ADVERTISEMENT B SOFTWARE ENGINEER JOB AD Job Opening Apply here Company: Smart Valley Job Title: Software Developer Job Location: Istanbul - Turkey Employment Category: Banking Employment Type: Full Time Job Reference Number: SDB101 Posted: 2012-01-03 Job Description Minimum requirements for Software Developers for a permanent position to work in an innovative and enthusiastic software team: BS, MS or PhD degree in Computer Science or related major Self-motivated and results-oriented 2-5 years of professional work experience Fluent in English, both written and oral .NET Developer, ASP.NET, C#, SQL Server Position Requirements Skills / Qualifications This is a Lead Analyst/Programmer role, developing and enhancing application Required: across multiple asset classes/departments including Equities, Rates, FX, Credit, Commodities. This is an excellent opportunity for a driven C# developer to work on a number of projects interfacing... Minimum Education Bachelor Level required: Minimum Years of 3 to 5 Years Experience required: Contact Information Contact Name: Smart Valley Contact Phone: 00905422169366 Preferred method of E-mail via Apply Online Box contact: Taken from: Learn4Good.(2012).Retrieved November 21, 2011 from: http://www.learn4good.com/jobs/e/87167/ employer/search/

38 Unit 1 ADVERTISEMENT C POWER ELECTRIC ENGINEER & MARKETING ASSOCIATE JOB ADS Job Opening Apply here Sahand Nirou Company: Marketing Associate Job Title: Istanbul - Turkey Job Location: Marketing/PR Employment Category: Trades Employment Type: Part Time Posted: 2011-12-30 Job Description We are a trading company located in Iran (Tehran) and require a power electric engineer or a good sales person ; resident in Turkey ; familiar with commercial affairs such as exporting and sourcing the goods and the like; fluent in English (primacy with applicants who are fluent in Persian too). As part time job. Please forward your CV and contact information for further negotiation. Best regards. Sahand Nirou. About Us We are a trading company in power electric equipment field. We supply a wide range of products such as: Electrical panel ingredient: mccb, acb, rcb, rccb, meters and etc. Testing equipment such as: earth tester, primary and secondary injection test sets, hipot, megger, micro ohmmeter, circuit breaker analyzer, dielectric test set. Position Requirements Skills / Qualifications Required: Resident in Turkey Power electric engineer Familiar with commercial affairs such as exporting and sourcing the goods Fluent in English Primacy with applicant which are fluent in Persian too Minimum Education Level required: Bachelor Minimum Years of Experience required: 1 to 3 Years Contact Information Contact Name: Sahand Nirou Contact Phone: 00959125325425 Preferred method of contact: E-mail via Apply Online Box Taken from: Career Builder.(2011).Retrieved on november 20, 2011 from http://www.careerbuilder.com/jobs/keyword/ electrical%20engineer/

Self- Exploration 39 ADVERTISEMENT D GAMA ENGINEERING AD DESIGN/PROJECT ENGINEERS G-H-DPE City/Country: Ankara Advertisement Date: 09.01.2012 Qualifications: We are looking for Mechanical, Electrical, Civil, Instrumentation & Control, and Process Engineers for our Engineering Deparment. The positions will be located in our Head Office in Ankara. Required qualifications are: • University degree in relevant engineering disciplines (Mechanical, Electrical/ Electronics, Civil, Chemical) • Experience in design and/or engineering management of industrial plants and/ or power plant projects (3-5 years for engineers, minimum 10 years for senior engineers) • Ability to work in an international working environment, having an international sense of business • Excellent command of written and spoken English ON-LINE If you want to apply for the advertisement above please enter your APPLICATION user name and password and click “On-Line Application” button. You can use your user name and password you created at Kariyer. net in our site as well. If you currently do not have a user name and password, click to become a member. Taken from: GAMA (2011).Join GAMA. Retrieved 21 November 2011 from http://www.gama.org/JoinGAMA/ tabid/2715/Default.aspx

40 Unit 1 ADVERTISEMENT E Announcement for Graduate Studies Admission Criteria Berkeley offers admission to applicants who appear to have the highest potential for graduate study and who, with the benefit of a graduate education, are the most likely to contribute substantially to their academic or professional fields through teaching, research, or professional practice. The minimum graduate admission requirements are: (1) a bachelor’s degree or recognized equivalent from an accredited institution; (2) a satisfactory scholastic average, usually a minimum grade-point average (GPA) of 3.0 (B) on a 4.0 scale; and (3) enough undergraduate training to do graduate work in your chosen field. Satisfying minimal standards, however, does not guarantee your admission, since the number of qualified applicants far exceeds the number of places available. As a result, many well-qualified applicants cannot be accommodated. Admission decisions are based on departmental review, using a combination of factors, including academic degrees and records, the statement of purpose, letters of recommendation, test scores, and relevant work experience. Berkeley also considers the appropriateness of your goals to the degree program in which you are interested and to the research interests of the program’s faculty. In addition, consideration may be given as to how your background and life experience would contribute significantly to an educationally beneficial mix of students. Many departments and groups have additional requirements, including the GRE, TOEFL score minimums, GPA minimums, and number of copies of official academic records that must be submitted. Please check the information provided by the department for additional requirements. Minimum Degree Requirements and Required Records of Academic Work Graduates of recognized academic institutions outside the United States should hold a degree equivalent to a U.S. bachelor’s degree. Equivalency is determined by International evaluators in the Graduate Admissions Office. Required Records: Upload unofficial transcripts with the application for the departmental initial review. Official transcripts or academic records for all university-level studies you have completed, at U.S. institutions and abroad will be required if admitted. If your academic records do not include official evidence of the award of your degree, you must also submit additional documents that verify its award. For information about the documents required for an initial review of your application, contact the department or program to which you are applying. Academic records should be issued in their original languages accompanied by English translations (usually prepared by your university or governmental agency, unless the institution issues original documents in English). In general, records or transcripts must be issued by the school and include the school’s stamp or embossed seal and the signature of the authorizing official. For more detailed information on acceptable documents, please contact Graduate Admissions. In English translations, degree names and grades should be transliterated, not converted into English words or the U.S. grades of A-F. If you must obtain a translation while in the United States, versions prepared by certified members of the American Translators Association are acceptable. Evidence of English Language Proficiency All applicants from countries in which the official language is not English are required to submit official evidence of English language proficiency. This requirement applies to applicants from Bangladesh, Nepal, India, Pakistan, Latin America, the Middle East,  Israel, the People’s Republic of China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, Southeast Asia, most European countries, and non-English-speaking countries in Africa.

Self- Exploration 41 If you have completed at least one year of full-time academic course work with grades of B or better in residence at a U.S. university, you do not need to take a standardized test. Instead, you must submit an official transcript from the U.S. university. There are two standardized tests you may take: the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL), and the International English Language Testing System (IELTS). Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) We will only accept TOEFL tests administered by the Educational Testing Service and sent to us directly by the TOEFL office. Tests taken before June 2010 will not be accepted even if your score was reported to Berkeley. The institution code for Berkeley is 4833. You may submit a photocopy of the Examinee’s Score Report for review purposes only, but this is not a substitute for an official score report. For purposes of admission, your most recent score must be at least 570 for the paper-and-pencil test, at least 230 for the computer-based test, or at least 68 for the Internet-based test (iBT). Please contact individual academic departments for more information, as they may choose to require a higher score. The iBT emphasizes integrated skills so its format and scoring are different from the CBT or the paper version of the TOEFL. Please plan to take the TOEFL as soon as possible, regardless of the test’s format, to avoid delays in the review of your application. International English Language Testing System (IELTS) As an exception, you can submit scores from the Academic Modules of the International English Language Testing System (IELTS), which is jointly managed by the British Council, IDP:IELTS Australia, and the University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations. You are responsible for providing us with an official Test Report Form (TRF) of your IELTS. Remember to order the TRF when you register to take the test. Tests taken before June 2010 will not be accepted by Graduate Admissions. Your most recent overall Band score must be at least 7 on a 9-point scale. To register for the IELTS, consult the IELTS website to locate the office of the test center where you plan to take the test. Graduate Record Examination (GRE) Most departments, schools, and groups require applicants to take a standardized test such as the General Test of the GRE, a Subject Test of the GRE, the GMAT, MCAT, OAT, or LSAT. Consult the department to which you are applying for its requirements. To send an official score to Berkeley, list the institution code assigned by the Educational Testing Service (ETS) for Berkeley, 4833. In addition, list the ETS code for the department to which you are applying. If more than one department code might be appropriate, check the department’s instructions on which code to use. Dates and information for computer-based testing (CBT) may be obtained by contacting the Educational Testing Service (ETS) at the address below, by calling 1-800-GRE-CALL, or by consulting the GRE website. Applications for the GRE can be obtained from the Educational Testing Service, Box 6000, Princeton, NJ 08541-6000, (609) 771-7670, or the GRE website. Letters of Recommendation Applicants who use the online application should check to see if their program accepts online recommendations. Applicants submitting paper recommendations should follow the instructions below. At least three letters of recommendation are required. Please print your name and the department to which you are applying clearly at the top of the forms (Letter of Recommendation). Use departmental recommendation forms instead of “the graduate application Letter of Recommendation form” if instructed to do so by the department. You are responsible for forwarding these forms to your recommenders. All letters of recommendation should be submitted directly to the department to which you are applying. Some departments have early deadlines for fellowship applicants. Be sure to inform your recommenders of the department’s deadline. Your recommenders are asked to give their personal impressions of your intellectual ability, your aptitude in research or professional skills, your character, and the quality of your previous work and potential for future productive scholarship. Applicants may waive the right to inspect their letters of recommendation on a voluntary basis. To waive access to your letters, complete the waiver section of the Letter of Recommendation. The Graduate Division may verify the authenticity of academic letters of recommendation with the school or recommender. Application Fee You must submit an application fee when you apply. The application fee is not ref­ undable. If you are a U.S. citizen or current permanent resident, the application fee is $80; for all others, the fee is $100. Taken from: Berkeley University of California (2011).CareerCenter. Retrieved 21 November 2011 from https://career. berkeley.edu

42 Unit 1 ADVERTISEMENT F APPLICATIONS TO GRADUATE PROGRAMS General Requirements: • To apply for a Master’s degree; a Bachelor’s degree must be held or expected to be held by the end of the term of application, GRE-quantitative > 610 (or ALES > 55) and TOEFL-IBT > 79 (or METU-EPE > 65) • To apply for a Ph.D. or B.S. degree; a Bachelor’s degree must be held or expected to held by the end of the term of application, B.S. CGPA=3.00, GRE-quantitative = 708 (ALES > 70) and TOEFL-IBT > 79 (or METU-EPE > 65) • To apply for a Ph.D. degree; a M.S. degree - must ce held or expected to be held by the end of the term of application; GRE-quantitative > 648 (or ALES > 60) and TOEFL- IBT > 79 (or METU-EPE > 65) These are minimum requirements for application to all departments. However, the criteria may vary for each program. Department of Aerospace Engineering M.S. Application Criteria • METU-EPE ≥ 65 • ALES (Quantitative) ≥ 65 • B.S. CGPA ≥ 2.00 • Reference letters • Supervisor approval form Applicants fulfilling the above criteria have to contact the faculty members regarding their research interests and get the approval form from their potential supervisor. In order to obtain information about the faculty and research interests, reach the website of the department concerned. Department of Biomedical Engineering M.S. Application Criteria • METU-EPE ≥ 65 • ALES (Quantitative,EW)≥ 70 • CGPA • Reference letters Taken from: METU (2011). Retrieved on 20 November 2011 from https://oibs.metu.edu.tr/cgi-bin/logincgi?prog=39/

Self- Exploration 43 ONE OF THE MEANS TO FIND JOB ADVERTISEMENTS IS TO CONSULT YOUR USWNEEIRBVVSEIIRCTSEESI,TYYUO’NSUITC.CAOARNNEEFTIRHNEDIR ADS RELATED TO YOUR NEEDS. Find out whether your university has a career services unit. If it does, examine what kind of services they provide. APPLICATION PROCESS Search for two graduate program announcements/job advertisements that you think you are eligible for and bring them to the class.

44 Unit 1 LANGUAGE STUDY A. ACADEMIC TITLES AND DEGREES Freshman A student in the first year of the course at a university, college, or high Sophomore school Junior A student in the second year of high school, college, or university Senior A student who is in the next to the final year of a course of study Undergraduate A student in the final year at a high school, college, or university Graduate A student in a university or college who has not received a bachelor’s, degree (also adjective): He’s an undergraduate; completing her undergradute studies Alumnus A student who holds the bachelor’s degree: He is a METU graduate. Honors degree Of, pertaining to, or involved in academic study beyond the first or (Hons.) bachelor’s degree: graduate courses in business; a graduate student BA A graduate of a school, college, or university. Plural: Alumni. In a university a rank of the highest academic standard BS/Bc./B.S./ B.Sc. Bachelor of Arts. A bachelor’s degree generally awarded for an MA undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, the sciences, or MS/M.S./ both M.Sc. Bachelor of Science. Generally a four-year undergraduate degree more MBA typically used in engineering, computer science, mathematics, and the Ph.D. natural sciences Master of Arts. A master’s degree given usually in a specific branch of the Asst. Prof. humanities or social sciences Assoc. Prof. Master of Science. A master’s degree given usually in a specific branch of the Major Program natural sciences, mathematics, or technology Double Major Master of Business Administration Doctor of Philosophy. Also called doctorate. the highest degree awarded by Minor Program a graduate school, usually to a person who has completed at least three years of graduate study and a dissertation approved by a board of professors. Assistant Professor. A teacher in a college or university who ranks above an instructor and below an associate professor Associate Professor. A teacher in a college or university who ranks above an assistant professor and below a professor one’s principal study in a particular subject: He was majoring in English Literature. History was my major at college. A double degree program, sometimes called a conjoint degree , dual degree, or simultaneous degree program, involves a student working for two different university degrees in parallel, either at the same institution or at different institutions A subject or a course of study pursued by a student, especially a candidate for a degree, subordinately or supplementarily to a major or principal subject or course

Self- Exploration 45 Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions where necessary. 1. I am a junior ______ environmental engineering. 2. I am majoring ______ civil engineering. 3. I graduated ______ Hacettepe University ______ last year. 4. I will receive my BA degree ______ history ______ this June. 5. She already holds a BS degree ______ biology. She plans to have another ______ chemistry. 6. She will graduate ______ ITU ______ a bachelor’s degree ______ computer engineering. 7. He applied ______ a Phd degree ______ philosophy. 8. She will apply ______ the department ______ the position of teaching assistant. 9. She enrolled ______ the MBA program ______ Bilkent University. 10. He has registered ______ three courses in the program. B. COLLOCATIONS a. research b. success a. Match the words that collocate. c. application d. skills 1. communicate e. a degree 2. possess f. effectively 3. hold/receive g. career/study 4. pursue h. requirements 5. set i. goals 6. achieve j. a position 7. make 8. fill 9. meet 10. do

46 Unit 1 b. Complete the following sentences with words that collocate from the box. contribution opportunity best knowledge intensive improvement highly experience currently career 1. I gained extensive _________________________ during my summer practice at Arçelik on production processes. 2. The candidate seemed to be _________________________ interested in the training programs our company offered. 3. _________________________ I am a senior student at Middle East Technical University, at the department of Physics. 4. I believe I will be able to make a special _________________________ to your institution with my strong educational background. 5. My admission to Central Bank as a trainee in 2010 was a golden _________________________ to improve my professional and interpersonal skills. 6. The position you have advertised suits me _________________________ in that I possess the necessary qualifications and qualities. 7. During my summer practice this summer, I was exposed to a(n) _________________________ training program where I improved my problem solving skills. 8. I have always had a strong desire to take up a(n) _________________________ in the field of education since I believe I have a talent for developing and implementing informative and interesting course materials. 9. I obtained profound _________________________ on optielectronics during my undergraduate studies at my university. 10. The courses I attended during the last year of my education have made a remarkable _________________________ in my knowledge on world economy.

Self- Exploration 47 C. NOUN CLAUSES Noun clauses perform the same functions in sentences that nouns do: A noun clause can be a subject of a verb, an object of a verb, a subject complement, an object of a preposition and an adjective complement. Below is a paragraph where sentence building is based on noun clauses with different functions. What I read about the development stages of easy-to-use computers in a book Subject interested me much. I found that an American named Douglas Engelbart developed of a verb the idea of combining the screen, the keyboard and a hand-held controller Object of – a mouse – in the 1960s. The surprising thing about Engelbart’s initial Mouse was a verb that it was a large wooden object with three buttons and it required six months’ Subject training to use it! It can be said that Steve Jobs is responsible for what happened to complement that prototype and how it transformed into the tiny equipment we use today. He Object of a wanted to adapt the mouse to his own product, the Macintosh, in 1979 and asked a preposition team of designers and engineers to create the perfect mouse. Today computer users all around the world are happy that the one-buttoned mouse the size of a child’s hand is at their service. Adjective complement The noun clause markers are: that; if, whether; Wh-words: how, what, when, where, which, who, whom, whose, why; and Wh-ever words: however, whatever, whenever, wherever, whichever, whoever, whomever Reduction of Noun Clauses Noun Clause Reduced Clause It is essential that he report to his supervisor It is important for him to report to his regularly. supervisor regularly. I am glad that I have been promoted. I am glad to have been promoted. She is happy that she is here. She is happy to be here. The team do not know what they have to do. The team do not know what to do. He cannot decide when he should ask for a He cannot decide when to ask for a pay rise. pay rise. Could you tell me how I can get to the HQ? Could you tell me how to get to the HQ? My colleague told me where I could find last My colleague told me where to find last year’s fiscal reports. year’s fiscal reports. I cannot decide whether I should take the I cannot decide whether to take the job offer job offer or not. or not.

48 Unit 1 Subjunctives: They are used after certain adjectives, verbs and nouns: Adjectives advisable, crucial, essential, imperative, important, mandatory, obligatory, necessary, recommendable, significant, urgent, vital Verbs advise, ask, demand, insist, order, prefer, propose, require, recommend, request, rule, suggest, urge Nouns advice, demand, insistence, order, proposal, recommendation, suggestion Examples: It is important that she learn the regulations. The company doctor suggests that he take a week off. Her insistence that she be promoted gained her nothing. Complete the following sentences with noun clause markers. 1. I took my report to the manager. He asked me _____________ my references were, for which I did not have an answer. 2. _______________ much she strives for a promotion, she cannot get it. 3. Our boss attended a seminar on Productivity. Later she summarized us ____________ she learned from that seminar. 4. _______________ took on this project knows his subject very well. 5. Her comments were irrelevant to _______________ was being discussed. 6. The reason they are not participating into today’s meeting is _______________ their flight has been delayed. 7. You should get prepared before a presentation. You cannot say _______________ comes to your mind. 8. _______________ all these items have been covered in a short meeting is a miracle! 9. _______________ they received our report yet has not been confirmed. 10. He may have many reasons for not finishing the project. __________________ the reasons are, he cost us our credibility. Complete the following paragraph with noun clause markers.

Self- Exploration 49 Talking about Values is Good Business by Bill Collier Values? What do “values” have to do with business? In a word: everything! I assure you (1)________I see core values as common-sense business practice, just like reading a balance sheet or reducing costs. It is simply a way to ensure (2)_______ everyone on the team knows (3)_______ is important. Every business has a culture. The culture is formed over time and is shaped largely by the owner, manager, employees, and the industry you are in, and on and on. A big part of a business’ culture centers on the values that drive actions and decisions. You may not care (4)_______ your employees eat at the desk or go out, but you should know (5)_______ they are being honest with your customers or not. Here is my recommendation for every company: Determine (6)_______ values and principles are important to you, and then go about the serious work of injecting these values into the workforce. Each company must answer that question for itself. A technology firm might choose “innovation” as a key value. “Quality” could be a hallmark for a homebuilder. In fact, (7)_______ you go about choosing your important values is not important, as long as sufficient time is taken to ensure (8)_______ you hear from all the important stakeholders. Gather input and kick it around. (9)_______ values are chosen, the company needs to make them second nature for all the employees. When you hear one of your employees tell another, “That is not (10)_______ we do things around here”, you will know hard work is paying off. Complete the following statements using the given clues: 1. The project manager is happy. His team is made up of experienced engineers. The project manager is happy to _________________________________. 2. The newly installed computer program should be used by all the employees. It is important. It is important that the newly installed computer program _____________. 3. The supervisor had concerns about her new team at the beginning. She confesses it. The supervisor confesses to ___________________________________________. 4. When should you submit the report? Did he tell? Did he tell you ____________________________________________________. 5. The sound system at the hall was problematic. The speaker was saying something but I could not hear it. The sound system at the hall was so problematic I could not hear _______________. 6. My wife, who works for a construction company, has taken part in a lot of projects. I don’t know how many _____________________________________________.

50 Unit 1 D. RELATIVE CLAUSES “As you will note from my enclosed CV, I have just graduated with an MSc in Computer Networks from Durham University, having previously achieved a first class diploma in Computer Science and Engineering – where I was amongst the top three students in the whole college.” a. The sentence above is extracted from a sample cover letter in Unit 2. It is a combination of different sentences. What are they? b. Which structures were used to combine them? c. How did this combination help improve the quality/language of this letter? There are two types of Relative clauses: Defining and Non-Defining. A. Defining Relative Clauses are used to define people or things (who, which, that), show possession (preposition + which, whose), and refer to places (where, which, that). See the following examples. Examples: 1. We traded in our company car that/which was old for a new one. 2. The accountant (that/who/whom) you have had an appointment with this morning will meet us tomorrow to show us • the annual budget proposal. • The accountant with whom you have had an appointment this morning will meet us tomorrow to show us the annual • budget proposal. 3. The conference call (that/which) we had yesterday with the Japan subsidiary went pretty well. 4. The HR manager (that/who/whom) I wrote to last week kindly answered my email. The HR manager to whom I wrote last week kindly answered my email. 5. I could not contact the new applicant whose phone was busy all day yesterday. 6. The room where we held the meeting was rather spacious. The room in which we held the meeting was rather spacious. The room (that/which) we had the meeting in was rather spacious. 7. My supervisor drew up the tasks that I would fulfill immediately. 8. He was the first candidate who came to the interview with a comprehensive portfolio. He was the first candidate to come to the interview with a comprehensive portfolio. *Relative clause markers in parentheses can be omitted.