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Captain Student’s Book + Workbook 5 No unauthorized photocopying. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Explorer Publishing, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate copyright clearance organization. You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Any websites referred to in this publication are in the public domain and their addresses are provided by Explorer Publishing for information only. Explorer Publishing disclaims any responsibility for the content. Library Information: Publication Rights: Kaşif Uluslararası Yay. Dış Tic. Ltd. Şti. Language Training Editor: Blackswan Editorial Team Academic Certificate Number: 41694 Press: Hermes Tanıtım Ofset Baskı Hizm. Ltd. Şti. 1st Edition 2020 Certificate Number: 47869 Photo Credits: All lmages are taken from www.shutterstock.com Captain 5 ISBN:

Captain student’s book + workbook 5

CONTENTS LESSON VOCABULARY GRAMMAR PRONUNCIATION UNIT 1 - IDENTITY - PAGE 8 1.1 compound personality adjectives revision of verb tenses 1.2 idioms describing feelings or mood question types (wh question words) minimal pairs /g/ /k/ 1.3 British English vs American English auxilary and modal verbs word famillies and stresses UNIT 2 - SALES & MARKETING - PAGE 30 2.1 sales and marketing vocabulary articles:definite and indefinite articles the silent ‘e’ 2.2 idoms connected with paying, buying quentifiers eǝ / vs / a: 2.3 and selling idioms connected with using expressing lack of understanding language and asking for clarification UNIT 3 - HIGH-TECH - PAGE 36 3.1 social media an e-mail acronyms future continious tense silent ‘h’ 3.2 words related to technology future perfect simple tense vs future tank vs thank 3.3 collective nouns perfect continious tense position and order of adjectives UNIT 4 - TRAVEL - PAGE 50 4.1 the types of holiday present perfect simple vs present stress in numbers perfect continuous 4.2 air travel present perfect simple vs present minimal pairs /r/ /l/ perfect continuous 4.3 adverbs of degree interrupting phrases

READING LISTENING SPEAKING WRITING Vampire scary story, mytical creatures MODERN CULTS Samurai formal & informal e-mail watching wildlife programmes Native Americans best-selling products of all-time the top 5 best-selling products in Turkey interesting facts about coca-cola SALES AND MARKETING company reading the e-mail the sales strategies enterpreneur conversation robotic trees predictions space explorations live in another planet Carrie and Grerg’s idea HIGH-TECH hoverboard, technology in the modern world a man who travelled the world travel the world the most memorable trip EXTREME TRAVEL DESTINATIONS for free types of phone retracing the ancestors path Get out of boring conversation people who interrupt

CONTENTS LESSON VOCABULARY GRAMMAR PRONUNCIATION UNIT 5 - SURVIVE - PAGE 64 syllables (314 syllables) minimal pairs /eǝ/ /æ/ 5.1 adjectives describing illness and modal verbs revision diseases     5.2 confusing adverbs and adverbial past modal verbs phrases 5.3 expressions wih body parts prepositions in relative clauses UNIT 6 - EXPLORE - PAGE 78 6.1 geographical reatures reporting with passive verbs connected speech 6.2 animal body part and their functions causatives 6.3 phrasal verbs with up / downs asking for and expressing approval UNIT 7 - RULES AND REGULATIONS - PAGE 92 7.1 reporting words reported speech: orders, request, intonation on the question tags suggestions 7.2 politics unreal conditionals minimal pairs /e/ /æ/ 7.3 crimes wish clauses: present and past meanings UNIT 8 - LITERATURE - PAGE 106 8.1 basic literary terms gerund & infinitives rising & falling intonations thing vs things 8.2 British slang words participles 8.3 word formation paraphrasing an idea

READING LISTENING SPEAKING WRITING a.stranded on an ısland the most difficult place to live DESERT NOMADS b.important tips to survive on a the best ways to survive tropical island the swiss army knife living in an uninhabitant island underwater kings reality TV vikings:the great explarations Evliya Celebi approval & disapproval Game of Thrones orangutans Jurassic Park EXPLORE nexplored parts of the world four laws you have probably work in pairs conversation writing tips WORST PRISON broken the 5 top regrets military re-enacment the smallest prison get away from fraud the story of Rip Van Winkle conversations on pictures William Shakespare famous and favourite authors LITERATURE spending a year on a desert ısland Re-writing through paraphrasing

compound personality adjectives revision of verb tenses IDENTITY MYTICAL CREATURES WARM UP! B. Match the words to make compound personality adjectives. A. Work with a partner. Write down as much information as you know about the mythical 1. laid a. effacing creatures in these pictures. Discuss your 2. thick b. loving information with other people in the class, 3. fun c. back and then discuss these questions. 4. self d. skinned 1. What is the difference between a myth, a C. Work in pairs. Write down three adjectives legend and a fairy tale? from Exercise A that describe your personality better and see if your lists are 2. What mythical, legendary and fairy tale similar or not. characters or stories can you remember from your childhood? 3. Do you like reading books or watching films about these genres? B. Go to page 132. Do the quiz and discuss and compare your result with your friend. VOCABULARY A. Match the compound personality adjectives with their definition. a. dishonest, false b. quick temper c. tolerant, free-thinking d. selfish 1. seeking or concentrating on one’s own advantage, pleasure, or well-being without regard for others 2. one who forms opinions on the basis of reason independently of authority 3. characterized by lack of truth, honesty, or trustworthiness 4. a tendency to get angry very quickly and easily 8

1.1 IDENTITY READING A. Work in groups. Look at the picture and discuss the following questions. 1. What do you know about vampires? 2. Have you ever read a book or watched a film about vampires? B. Skim the article and choose the best title for the text. a. THE REAL VAMPIRES b. VAMPIRE MOVIES c. HOW TO KILL A VAMPIRE You have probably read the books in the Twilight trilogy or at least seen the films. These books tell the tale of a love story between a human teenager and a vampire. Other TV shows like Dracula and True Blood tell similar stories. These books and films have been growing in popularity year after year, but this is not a surprise. Vampire stories have been popular since the story of Dracula published in 1897 by Bram Stoker. Before then people had told vampire stories in most cultures around the world, but our modern idea of the vampire is from European stories from the 18th and 19th centuries. In those days people were telling stories of vampires living in castles and hunting people for their blood in the night. For most people, vampires are seemingly laid- back and two faced people who appear only as characters in the novels or films, but for some others the vampire is a philosophy or a way which has been accepted as a lifestyle. However, Vampirism is not a religion. These people drink human or animals’ blood because they believe that it makes balance and gives energy to their body. These modern vampire groups are part of the Goth subculture. Although, the lifestyle is growing in popularity. They are even publishing their own magazines. Modern vampires generally live in groups called “covens” or vampire houses. Most modern vampires wear regular clothes in their daily lives and keep their beliefs in secret, You probably won’t know a modern vampire unless they tell you about their lifestyle. They are self- effacing people who are sensitive to daylight, thin-skinned when serve food containing garlic, and only seems to be fun-loving at night. In fact, most modern vampires are afraid of being rejected by their friends and family, so they try to keep their lifestyle in secret. However, some modern vampire do change their appearance. They might prefer to wear colours like red and black. They also sometimes wear black and red makeup, and many people in the vampire lifestyle have filed their teeth to be sharper and to have an appearance that is very similar to classic vampire stereotype. Although most vampires are usually portrayed as scary characters, people in the vampire lifestyle aren’t keen on committing crimes. In the past, some people claimed to be vampires and committed murder, but modern vampires say it’s not right. They don’t take blood without asking first, and find donors or people who give them their blood. One thing is true among all modern vampires is that they are naturally vampires, and they have not chosen it as a lifestyle. So, they believe that is a genetic problem and they can’t choose a different life. 9

1.1 IDENTITY C. Read the text and mark the following sen- tences as true (T) or false (F). 1. Usually modern vampires dress differently. 2. Modern vampires try to hide their lifestyle. 3. Dracula was the first vampire story. 4. Vampirism is not a religion. 5. Vampires do not commit crimes nowadays. D. Work in pairs and circle the correct words in italics. 1. Modern Vampires tend to live alone / in groups / in old buildings. 2. Vampires drink blood that is given voluntarily / involuntarily. 3. Modern vampires think they do / don’t choose their lifestyle. 4. Many vampires love make up / garlic / animals / black and red. 5. Modern vampires drink blood to balance their energy / gain nutrients. E. Discuss these questions in groups. 1. Do you like Goth music and fashion? 2. If you were a modern vampire, what aspect of the lifestyle would you find easy or difficult? 3. Would you tell your friends and family if you were a vampire? Why or why not? GRAMMAR A. Underline an example of each verb tense in the article about vampires. Then put the verb forms under the correct heading. Present Present Present Future Simple Past simple continuous perfect simple past continuous 10

1.1 IDENTITY B. Read the text below and circle the correct words in italics. In recent years, zombies (1) have taken / had taken over television and cinema. Dozens of TV programmes and films made in recent years (2) tell / told the story of humans and their struggle against zombies. What are the defining features of zombie tales? Usually, the zombies (3) are / were being infected with a disease. Humans (4) become / became zombies after being bitten by a zombie. What is the difference between modern zombie movies and the movies from the past? In the past zombie movies (5) were / had been silly movies showing slow, stupid zombies walking around. In today’s zombie movies zombies (6) are hunting / have hunted humans faster and with more precision. Today’s zombies are scarier, but the stories are more heart-warming. C. Read the text below. Find and correct the mistakes in the verb tenses. (There are five mistakes.) In the past, ghosts have been the most common scary creatures in folk tales. Our ancestors have been telling these frightening stories for generations before they were ever written down. In the 1980s and 90s, ghosts make a comeback in films like Ghostbusters, Casper and The Sixth Sense, but these days, people generally aren’t going to be scared of ghosts. From time to time some people had claimed that they see ghosts in their homes, but for some reason most people weren’t interested in ghosts at the moment. Maybe ghosts will become fashionable again in the future once a new film is released. SPEAKING A. Work in groups and discuss these questions. 1. What is the scariest story you know? 2. If you could be a mythical creature, a legendary historical person or a fairy tale character for a week, who or what would it be? What would you do in your daily routine? GRAMMAR BANK p. 121 11

idioms describing feelings or mood minimal pairs /g/ /k/ question types IDENTITY SAMURAI WARM UP! VOCABULARY A. Describe the man’s mood in each picture. A. Match the idioms with the definitions. Which emotions have you felt so far today? 1. to be in a black mood a. to feel negative 2. to keep a cool head about life in general 3. to be on cloud nine 4. to jump out of one’s b. to be extremely frightened skin 5. to be at death’s door c. to be close to dying 6. to be cheesed off d. to be extremely happy e. to be angry or frustrated f. to stay calm B. Read the sentences below and fill in the blanks with the idioms in exercise A. 1. I was very sad to hear the news of my uncle’s illness. My mom said he was _______________, but the next day he felt better and made a full recovery. 2. Jenny has accepted Harold’s marriage proposal, and now he’s _________________; he can’t stop laughing. 3. Penny was ___________________ after her boyfriend cancelled their date for the third night in a row. 4. Paula got some bad news and was __________ all day. She never smiled or said hello to anyone. 5. When I heard the loud bang outside, I nearly ___________________. I thought it was a gunshot, but luckily it was only a car backfiring. 6. I don’t know how James can ______________ in this crowded and stressful city. 12

1.2 IDENTITY C. Work in groups and describe a time that READING you were in a black mood / on cloud nine / jumped out of your skin. PRONUNCIATION A. Work in groups. Look at the picture and discuss the following questions. A. Listen and put the words in the box 1.1 into the correct group. /g/ /k/ bag back B. Work with a partner. Read these words aloud 1. What do you know about Samurai? at random. Can you tell what your partner is 2. Which three adjectives describe the Samurai saying? best? crime grime a. honourable / strong / ambitious grease crease b. ordinary / merciless / cunning crane grain 3. Why do you think the samurai is a popular grumble crumble historical figure? kilt guilt great crate B. Scan the article on the next page and fill cash gash in the gaps with the questions below. grab crab block blog a. Are there still Samurai today? b. Samurai used Samurai swords, didn’t C. Create a tongue-twister for your class using some of the words from A and B. they? c. Who were the Samurai? e.g. The big crane grabbed a great big crate of d. What code of honour did Samurai crab. adhere to? e. Were all Samurai Japanese? f. What about women? Were there any female Samurais? 13

1.2 IDENTITY Phenomenal Warriors: The Samurai Most people have heard of the Samurai thanks to their popularity in modern films, but how much do you actually know about the samurai? Here are some commonly asked questions about the Samurai. 1 _______________________________ In fact, in Japan the famous Japanese warriors known as Samurai are actually called “bushi”. Samurai actually comes from a Chinese word. The original Samurai were simply civil servants who dealt with daily affairs of the population. Later on, clans of warriors were put together to protect people, either from outside forces or their own government. These warriors became known as Samurai around the world. Later on, the Samurai became a class of military nobility in Japan, earning great respect not only for their skill in battle but also for their values of honour and self-discipline. 2 _______________________________ Not anymore. The Samurai culture went into decline as Japan started to modernise, with a large blow in 1897 when the Emperor changed the structure of the military. After World War II Samurais were officially outlawed, and the last Samurai name was outlawed in 1947, officially closing the book on hundreds of years of Samurai culture. However, many of the values of Samurai culture can be seen today in modern martial arts. 3 _______________________________ In fact, not all Samurai were Japanese. An English sailor named William Adams was made a Samurai by the Japanese emperor in the early 1600s. A few other Europeans had also been given the duties and rights of Samurai. 4 _______________________________ A Samurai’s main weapon was a sword or a set of two swords, but they also had various other weapons such as longbows, wooden staffs, chains, and in later years, guns and cannons. 5 _______________________________ Although movies like to portray women as a samurai, there weren’t female samurai. Women did, play an important role in samurai culture. Since Samurai spent most of their time in battle, their marriages were arranged as it was nearly impossible for them to meet women otherwise. Marrying a Samurai was seen as a great honour and status symbol, and a woman’s family had to pay a large dowry, or marriage price, for the privilege. Samurai wives had to run their household by themselves, and also be able to defend against invaders since their husbands were almost always away from home in fighting. Many Samurai wives were trained in a type of knife fighting, but they weren’t considered to be Samurai. 6 _______________________________ Samurai valued loyalty, but many Samurai were not as loyal as they are portrayed in movies. Samurai frequently changed loyalties, and many Samurai turned on their masters if they thought they were not loyal to the Emperor. Samurai greatly valued honour, and a Samurai who had lost his honour by losing a battle was expected to commit suicide in order to regain his honour. Samurai also valued death in battle, and most Samurai preferred to die in that way. Samurai movies tell interesting stories, but they aren’t always historically accurate. The Samurai were indeed an interesting group, and their memory is worth preserving, but it is important to note the accuracy of each story. 14

1.2 C. Read the article and mark these statements IDENTITY as true (T), false (F) or not mentioned (NM) 7. Do you care if I ask you how old you are? 1. Children were trained from a young age to 8. I’d want to know how much your phone cost, become Samurai. please. 2. None of the Samurai values have survived into modern times. WRITING 3. Samurai warriors chose their wives based on A. What features of the email below beauty. indicate it is informal? 4. Loyalty and honour were as equally important 1. Is it a formal or informal email? to Samurai. 2. What phrases tell you whether it’s 5. We shouldn’t rely on movies to tell us about informal or formal? Samurai life. B. Go to page 139 and check your answers 6. William Adams committed suicide after losing in exercise A. a battle. Hi Blake 7. Samurai wives were often trained to use Hope you get this before tonight. weapons. Just wanted to tell you what happened to me yesterday. You know I was on cloud nine about passing last term’s D. Work in groups and have a short discussion exams? Well, all that changed with a knock on the about the following questions. door! I looked out the window and there was a huge man I’d never seen before and he was pounding on the 1. Why do you think the Samurai were outlawed? door really hard. I nearly jumped out of my skin! I was 2. What codes or values do you hold as important? gonna hide and pretend I wasn’t in, cos I thought it was 3. Do you think old codes and values have the landlord’s brother asking for the rent I owe – him for the last two months. But he said he had a letter that changed since your parents’ or grandparents’ needed signing for. day? Why? So, I opened the door and the letter was from the uni. It said I hadn’t paid my fees and so wasn’t registered for GRAMMAR my classes! This is 3 weeks in and I’ve not been going to every one! I was really cheesed off, mate! I’ve gotta A. Write a question for the underlined word(s). go in early tomorrow morning and take some proof of payment. It’s put me in a black mood and I don’t feel 1. The kids are going to the park tomorrow. like going to a party, so can you do me a favour and 2. I’ve been to Casablanca three times before. tell Tracy I won’t make it to hers tonight? I’d text her, 3. Grandmother had made lunch before we but don’t know her number cos I can’t find my phone! GRRR!!! came. 4. Barry got a new job at the factory. Cheers, mate! 5. I bought the veggies from the store on the Kris corner. C. Read the email again and answer the fol- lowing questions. B. Write 5 questions (using wh-question words) about the following sentence: 1. What problems has Kris got? 2. What does she want Blake to do? Freddie bought the red house on Redwood Street in 1999 with his wife. D. Write an email to a friend. Use three of the idioms from the beginning of the C. Find the mistake(s) in each question. unit. 1. Does you know the way to Mulberry Street? 2. Could you tell me where does the mayor live? 3. How many countries did Mary visited? 4. Don’t you wanted to see the Taj Mahal? 5. I wonder if Julie can she call me tomorrow? 6. Will you say you’re a laid-back sort of person? GRAMMAR BANK p. 122 15

British English vs. American English word families and stress auxiliary and modal verbs IDENTITY WILDERNESS WARM UP! VOCABULARY A. Work with a partner. Read the quotations A. Work with a partner and match the words to and discuss the following questions. the pictures. 1. pavement 2. underground 3. petrol “Lions, wolves, and vultures don’t live 4. pram 5. bill 6. boot 7. chips 8. holiday together in herds, droves or flocks. Of ab all creatures in the world, man is the only sociable one. Every one of us preys upon his neighbour, and yet we herd together.” John G. 1725 “No man is an island.” c d John Donne 1624 ef g h 1. Do you agree or disagree with the quotations above? Give reasons. 2. Do you prefer to be alone or with other people? Give reasons. 3. How long could you survive without seeing your friends or family? 16

B. Complete the dialogue between an American 1.3 wife and her British husband with the words below. IDENTITY check trunk French fries sidewalk PRONUNCIATION subway gasoline stroller vacation A. Read the Info Box below. Then, 1.2 A : Did you put the baby’s 1________ in the 2______, listen and notice the word stress in honey? each form of the word ‘develop’. B : The what in the what? Oh, you mean the pram in INFO BOX the boot! Yes, dear. It’s a good thing we’re driving and not going on the underground with all this The word stress in a word family changes luggage. depending on the word form. Take for A : The under-what? Honey, in the USA it’s called the 3______. example the word family of “develop”; B : OK. Why do we need all these bags? It’s only a deVELop deVELopment three-day holiday. developMENtal deVELoper A : You mean 4_______, honey! Hey, stop the car a minute, there’s a McDonald’s. I want to get some In many of the unstressed syllables, you can 5 __________. hear the / / sound. For example, in the last syllable of “develop”, the vowel is the B : OK. And in the UK we call them chips! Good, / / sound. The / / sound hasn’t got its there’s a petrol station next to it, so I can fill up own letter, but it is the most common vowel for the journey. sound in English. A : Petrol? Oh, you mean 6________! B. Listen to the other word families. 1.3 … Mark the stress for each word form. A : Look at this 7______. $6.50 for some, err, chips! Underline the syllables with the / / B : They’re cheaper in England! And that is called a sound. bill. 1. operate / operation / operational / operator A : Yeah, yeah. Just drive! 2. found / foundation / foundational / founder B : Ok. Hey, the baby’s very quiet. 3. instruct / instruction / instructional / instructor A : The baby? Oh no! I left him on the 8_______ 4. explore / exploration / exploratory / explorer 5. produce / production / productive / producer outside our house! B : You left him on the pavement?! 17

1.3 E. Thinking back to Exercise A, what creature would you consider spending a long time IDENTITY with? What would you like to find out about them? What are the endangered animals LISTENING in your country? What should be done to protect them? A. Work in small groups and discuss the following questions. GRAMMAR 1. Do you like watching wildlife programmes? A. Make these statements more emphatic with 2. What do you find most interesting: reptiles, sea emphatic do and / or question tags. creatures, insects and spiders or wild animals 1. I saw you on the subway this morning. such as lions, bears and wolves? Why? 2. Sarah eats a lot of French fries. 3. She visits us every week. B. Before you listen, discuss these 1.4 4. Patty is my sister, isn’t she? questions. 5. We live together. 1. What reasons would someone have for B. Fill in the blanks with the correct auxiliary spending a year living with wolves? or modal verbs. 2. What do you think the experience would be 1. Let’s split the bill, ______we? like? 2. A: We won’t be able to go on vacation this year, Listen to the interview to check your _______? predictions. B: ______we? Why not? A: We ______ have enough money, ____we? C. Listen to the interview again and mark the 3. You’ve put a lot of salt on these chips, ______you? sentences as true (T) or false (F). 4. A: You shouldn’t ride your bike on the pavement. B: ____________ I? Nobody can stop me, _____ 1. Sam Hanover was a researcher. 2. Sam’s wolves lived in a zoo. they? 3. Sam still lives with wolves all day every day. 5. A: I love soccer! 4. Sam didn’t talk to humans for a year. B: You mean ‘football’, _____ you? 5. Sam ate the same food as the wolves. C. Find and correct the mistakes. D. Answer the following questions. 1. John owns the fish and chip shop on the corner, 1. What did Sam learn from the wolves? owns he? 2. What did Sam learn from being alone? 3. Did he enjoy his experience? How do you 2. Lawrence did went to university but later dropped out. know? 3. I just gave you the check, have I? 4. Jillian and Brian got married last month, haven’t they? 5. Bridget and Sue aren’t exactly best friends, aren’t they? 18 GRAMMAR BANK p. 122

1.3 IDENTITY SPEAKING A. Work in groups of four or six. Read the article and discuss the following questions. There are no supermarkets or corner stores. Native Americans in the past had to hunt or gather what they ate. They didn’t practice agriculture at that time, so they had to rely on wild animals like deer, rabbits and buffalo for their meat and wild growing berries and other plants for their food. If they couldn’t find enough food, they had to move on to another place and hope there were enough resources there to survive. However, a new place also brought new challenges. That place might already be occupied by another group, which may or may not be willing to share their resources with the new group. If they weren’t willing to share, the new group had two choices: fight for the new area, or move on. The third challenge to those who living in the wilderness is the question of health. Life in the wilderness is a transient one. You must always move to where the natural resources are. Elderly people, the sick, pregnant, and young children could slow a group. When people got sick, many of these groups had traditional healers who could use natural methods as a sort of medicine for common small illnesses, but for serious illnesses and injuries, there was no cure. Many people today romanticise lifestyles of the In modern times, it is rare to need wilderness past, especially the lifestyle of people who lived survival skills, but people who find themselves in the wilderness, but living in the wild isn’t as in this situation should remember the three rules carefree and easy as they are portrayed in the of threes. A human being can survive three hours movies. Consider Native American peoples of the without the right body temperature (too hot or too past. To begin with, there was no electricity or cold), three days without water, and three years running water. Every day they had to find fresh, without food. So, according to these facts, the clean water to drink, and every evening they had shelter is the most important or urgent need in the to make sure they had enough fuel to light fires for wilderness, followed by water, then food. light, heat and cooking, which brings us to the next challenge. What can people eat in the wilderness? 1. What are the challenges of living in the wilderness? 2. What would be the most difficult part of living in the wilderness for you? 19

MODERN CULTS A. Watch the video and do some research B. Work in pairs. Brainstorm, do research and about modern cults on the internet. Use the prepare a list of questions about modern following questions as a guideline and write cults. Find a documentary about modern cults a report of 80-100 words about the topic. and watch it with your partner. Take notes about modern cults in the documentary. Try 1. What are some popular modern cults? to answer the questions you prepared with 2. How do you think vampires became a part of a your partner. modern cult? C. Prepare a presentation about modern cults at home. Use the report in exercise A, questions, 3. How do you think werewolves became a part answers and your notes in exercise B. You of modern cult? can also show some pictures during your presentation. Do your presentation in class 4. Which do you find more interesting vampires to share your information about modern or werewolves? Why? cults in general and in the documentary. 5. What are some popular movies related to vampire societies? 6. What are some popular movies related to werewolves? 7. Are such creatures popular in your country? 8. Do you think they are real or fake? 20

A. Read the sentences and choose the correct UNIT 1 option from the italics. REVISION BOX 1. Mary is a quick-tempered / self-effacing person, C. Mark the following words as B for “British unlike Jason who is an attention-seeker. English” or A for “American English”. 2. Being laid-back / two-faced is crucial for your 1. pavement career since your patients are already worried. 2. gasoline 3. underground 3. Mark is a two-faced / self-effacing person. You 4. vacation cannot trust him. 5. petrol 6. subway 4. I wish you weren’t so broad-minded / self-centred 7. pram and considered my feelings occasionally! 8. trunk 9. bill 5. I love fun-loving / quick-tempered people; I cannot 10. boot stand depressed people. 11. stroller 12. sidewalk 6. You need to be thick-skinned / quick-tempered to 13. holiday survive in this job as you’ll be exposed to some 14. French fries harsh criticism. 15. chips 16. check 7. Being a broad-minded / self-centred person means that you can tolerate almost everything. 8. Jack is a quick-tempered / laid-back student; he gets angry quite easily. B. Write questions for the underlined words. 1. We are going to the cinema tomorrow. 2. The factory was opened in 1978. 3. You can find a pharmacy at the end of the street. 4. The name of my favourite movie character is Alice. 5. Daisy has visited 58 countries since 2010. 6. I was 17 when I first completed a science project in chemistry. 21

sales & marketing vocabulary the silent e articles: definite and indefinite articles SALES & MARKETING BEST SELLING PRODUCTS WARM UP! VOCABULARY “I went window-shopping today. I bought A. Work in pairs. Circle the words below that four windows.” you know by using a dictionary, explain the meaning of the other words to a partner. Tommy Cooper “Shopping is a selfish activity.” malignant client follow-up allergy agent deal diagnosis franchise retail Sophia Kinsella sprain prospect benchmarking antibiotics A. Work in groups of four. Look at the pictures B. Tick the above words related to the shopping. and discuss the following questions. How are the other words connected? C. Read the paragraph. Fill in the blanks with the shopping words from Exercise A. 1. Do you prefer shopping in traditional ways or In sales and marketing, there are various terms online? Why? to be aware of. Many business in transactions, we call the customer as the (1) ____________. 2. Do you usually pay in cash or by credit card This is a person who receives the service of when you do shopping? the company.The employee who handles the transaction is known as the (2) ____________. B. Go to page 133 Do the quiz and compare His or her job is presenting the products of the your results with your friends. company. When the company and a client or two companies reach agreement in a business 22 or in any process of marketing they have actually made a (3) ____________. A probable business opportunity, that has not yet dealt but has a chance of leading to a successful deal, is called (4) ____________. In order to convince the client or a company to make a deal, an agent has to (5) ____________, Which is contacting the client and the company frequently. A successful company needs to compare their outcomes

with general industry standards that we call this 2.1 process (6) ____________ some great companies, especially in food industry, in order to expand SALES & MARKETING their business, grant their (7) ____________ to an individuals by running the business are able 23 to act as an agent for company’s product and earn a little extra Profits. Many people’s livelihood depends on (8) ____________ trade. Clothing stores, bookstores, and grocery stores are some examples of this trade. D. Discuss these questions with a partner. 1. “A compromise is a deal where neither the agent or the client is happy.” Do you agree? 2. What exciting prospects lie ahead in the future for you? 3. What fast food or fashion franchises are there in your town? 4. Would you consider a career in retail? Why? Why not? PRONUNCIATION INFO BOX In English, “the silent e” is sometimes also called the Magic E. It is found at the end of some words. We do not pronounce the ‘e’ itself, but the ‘e’ gives a clue about the pronunciation of the previous vowel. A. Listen and write the pairs of words 2.1 you hear. B. Think about the pronunciation of the words below. Take turns saying them with a partner. kit fume gun dote rat mate stun hone cot late C. Listen and check the pronunciation 2.2 of the words from Exercise B.

2.1 SALES & MARKETING READING A. Work in pairs. Look at the title of the article and answer the following question. 1. Which products do you think are the best-selling products of all time? B. Skim the article and check your answers from exercise A. Best-selling Products of All-time New products are coming out every year, but most of them don’t last long and don’t become popular. However, some products become extremely popular. What are the best-selling products of all time? There are ten products in ten different categories, but they all have sold more than any other products in the world. • The best-selling toy of all time is not what you might think. It’s not an action figure or doll either. It’s the small Rubik’s cube which was created in 1974 in Hungary by a man whose surname was Rubik. An American company bought the idea. Since then, the colourful toy has sold over 350 million cubes. • The iPhone is the best selling smartphone, which has sold over 250 million units so far. iPhone, like most of Apple’s products, has been popular since the first day. So, it seems that as long as Apple is popular, phone’s sale will successfully continue. • The best-selling book series was written for children and teenagers by a woman who was sitting in a coffee shop. It ended up being popular with people of all ages. More than 450 million Harry Potter books have been sold worldwide. • Michael Jackson has the number one selling music album of all time. More than 110 million copies of Thriller were sold. It was also one of the most successful albums ever, winning 8 Grammy Awards in 1984. • The most successful video game in the world is the Mario franchise, or Super Mario and all of the games that use Mario as a character. It has sold 262 million games since it started in 1981. Angry Birds has more downloads, but it is not considered a video game in the traditional sense. • Returning to the success of Apple, the iPad is the most successful tablet in terms of sales. 67 million iPads have been sold. • Avatar is the highest selling movie of all time, but if you consider any franchise of movies, the Star Wars movies as a group are the best-selling movies of all time. They have made $2.54 billion in ticket sales. This doesn’t count money made from toys, advertising, and theme parks. • The best-selling car of all time is not a fancy car, but people seem to prefer it to any other car. The Toyota Corolla has sold over 39 million cars worldwide since 1968. • It’s strange to think of medication as a product, but medicine is a huge money-maker. The best- selling medicine is Lipitor, a cholesterol medication. Since 1997 it has made over $125 billion. • The highest selling video game console in history is the PlayStation. Since its release in 1995, PlayStation has sold over 300 million consoles. C. Scan the text and find the products that are associated with each date below. a. 1968 b. 1974 c. 1984 d. 1995 e. 1997 24

2.1 D. Read the text and mark the following SALES & MARKETING sentences as true (T), false (F) or not built a dam, (4) _________ river became a lake. mentioned (NM). If you’d like to visit (5) _________ lake, you can rent (6) _________ houseboat. Many different (7) 1. Apple has got three products on the list. _________ houseboats are available to rent. Prices 2. Super Mario still has lots of male fans all across for (8) _________ houseboats range from $3600 for a small houseboat to $15000 in (9) _________ the world. July for a large houseboat. (10) _________ families can stay in the houseboat for one week. 3. Avatar is the best-selling movie of all time. 4. The best-selling toy was a doll. C. Read the following text and find the mistakes. 5. Episode IV from Star Wars movies is the best Last year my family went to the Italy on one of all time. holiday. We saw many famous sights, but my favourite was a Tower of Pisa. We ate lots of 6. Angry Birds has had more players than Mario. the pizza and other Italian food. On last day 7. The Rubik’s Cube was invented in Hungary. there we visited Venice and rode in the boat 8. Many people prefer the books of Harry Potter in the canals. The boat trip was fantastic! than the films. SPEAKING E. Discuss the following questions with your A. Listen and write the top 5 best-selling 2.3 partner. products in Turkey. 1. Do you own any of the products on the list? B. Listen again and answer the following 2. Did any of the products surprise you? questions with a partner. GRAMMAR 1. Which one of the following products is not A. Circle the best option in the sentences below. mentioned in the listening? a. books 1. Never sign a/the/- deal until you’ve read a/ b. movies the/- small print. c. clothing d. computer hardware 2. A/The/- agent who followed-up his original phone call tried to make me take out a/the/- 2. Can women decide on the size of the clothing insurance. they want? 3. A/The/- British National Health Service is seen 3. Why has selling books online become very as a/the/ - benchmark for schemes across the popular in Turkey? world. 4. Are the prices of computer hardware 4. A/The/- clients are a/the/- company’s bread- reasonable on the Internet? and-butter. C. Discuss the following questions with your 5. Let’s have a/the/- breakfast in that burger bar. It’s a/the/- great franchise, I’ve been granted. partner. 6. A/The/- poor do not really make up much of 1. Do any of the products mentioned in the this retail shop’s client base. listening part surprise you? B. Fill in the blanks with ‘a/an, the’ or – 2. What do you think are the best selling products in your city/town? (1) _________ Lake Powell is a popular tourist destination in (2) _________ south western United States. There used to be (3) _________ river running through Glen Canyon, but after they GRAMMAR BANK p. 122-123 25

idioms connected with paying, buying and selling eə / vs. / ɑː quantifiers SALES & MARKETING BEVERAGE WARM UP! C. Discuss these questions in groups. A. Work with a partner. Read the quotation and 1. Would you rip off a classmate or a stranger if discuss the following questions. you could get away with it? “The odds of going to the store for a loaf of 2. You are on a date in a romantic restaurant. Do bread and coming out with only a loaf of you foot the bill or split it? bread are three billion to one.” 3. When shopping, do you try to drive a hard - Erma Bombeck bargain with the shop owner or do you pay the full price? 1. Do you agree or disagree with the quotation above? Give reasons. 4. Have you ever paid over the odds for something because it was a special treat or occasion? 2. Do you think you are thrifty or extravagant? Give reasons. 5. After buying something at a market, you get home and realise you’ve bought a pig in a 3. Do you think you could live without shopping poke. Do you go back and demand a refund? for a month? 6. What advantages are there of putting all your VOCABULARY eggs in one basket? PRONUNCIATION A. Match the verbs with the words and phrases A. Put these words with the same 2.4 below. vowel sound in the correct column. Then listen and write the words you 1. pay a. the bill hear in the correct column. 2. foot b. all your eggs in one basket 3. drive c. a hard bargain 4. rip d. a pig in a poke air bear spa are spare bar eə ɑː 5. buy e. over the odds 6. put f. off B. Match the idioms from Exercise A with the B. Circle the word you hear. 2.5 definitions below. 1. Is it far / fair? 2. Look at the stairs / stars! 1. try very hard to negotiate a good deal 3. Keep away from the bar / bear. 2. to put all of your resources in one place 4. You’ve got a tar / tear in your jumper. 3. to buy something without looking carefully 5. We’re clever, we air / are. 4. pay all the costs for something 5. to cheat or take advantage of 6. to pay more for something than it’s worth 26

2.2 SALES & MARKETING READING A. Discuss the following questions with a partner. 1. Do you drink Coca-Cola? 2. Do you know any other brands that Coca-Cola owns? Interesting Facts about the Coca-Cola Company The Coca-Cola Company is the largest beverage company in the world. People all over the world drink Coca-Cola. In fact, Coca-Cola is sold legally in every country of the world except for North Korea and Cuba, nevertheless, it is available there illegally. The company employs over 700,000 people. Even in the most remote villages of the world, People have had a chance of Coca-Cola. Coca-Cola also owns other brands like Fanta, Fuse Tea and some brands of bottled water. In fact, 1.7 billion Coca-Cola brand beverages are consumed every day. Here are some interesting facts about the company: • Coca-Cola sells 3500 different beverages and 500 different brands, so if you wanted to try a new one each day, it would take 9 years to try all of them. Coca-Cola certainly can’t be accused of putting all their eggs in one basket! • In one study, researchers found that 94% of the world’s population recognised the Coca-Cola logo. It is also the second most internationally understood phrase. The number one word is “Okay”. • The country where Coca-Cola is the most popular beverage is Mexico. People in Mexico drink 665 servings of Coke products on average each year. That’s more than Americans, British, Chinese, and Indians combined. • Americans consume 4.9 kilos of sugar on average every year just from Coca-Cola. One can of Coke contains 39 grams of sugar, about the same as 10 cubes of sugar. • Coca-Cola takes in $39.1 billion a year. If we compare this to countries in terms of revenue, Coca-Cola would be the 84th largest economy in the world. • Coca-Cola doesn’t only sell cola. The company sells more than 1000 fruit drinks worldwide. • Many people these days are deciding not to drink Coca-Cola because it is unhealthy and they will end up footing the bill by becoming obese and at greater risk of severe health problems. However, Coca-Cola was originally developed as a health product! Many people have stopped drinking colas. The Coca-Cola Company is still growing and even has a goal to double revenues in the next 5 years. This is possible because it owns so many different brands, including healthy juices, water, sports drinks and energy drinks that they market in clever ways. 27

2.2 SALES & MARKETING 4. Can you tell the difference between the tastes of Coca-Cola and Pepsi? How? B. Match the words in bold from the text with their definitions below. 5. Should fizzy drinks be age-restricted in the same way cigarettes are? a. to advertise something to persuade b. gross GRAMMAR c. globally d. excluding A. Circle the correct alternative below. e. distant f. various 1. I’ve got no / all / few sugar left. Could you lend g. include me some? C. Read the text and mark the following sen- 2. Jenny and Carol are best friends. Both / Each / tences as true (T), false (F) or not mentioned All of them are invited to the party. (NM). 3. “Could I borrow a pencil?” “Sure, I have a 1. There is no bigger soft-drinks company than great deal of / several / most of extra pencils.” Coca-Cola. 4. We’ve got few / a little / little money this 2. Coca-Cola is available in every country in the month. We won’t be able to pay the bills. world. 5. Neither / Either / None of my two children have 3. Drinking Coca-Cola is the most important got brown hair. They are blonde. cause of type 2 diabetes. B. Fill in the blanks with an appropriate quan- 4. Coca-Cola was originally a tea. tifier. In some cases, more than one answer 5. Many people consume the beverages of Coca- is possible. Coca company because it’s addictive. 1. Hey, Bill. Could you give me _______________ 6. Americans drink the most Coke in the world. dollars? I need some money. 7. Compared to Coke, Fanta is a healthier choice. 8. Coca-Cola makes more money than many 2. There is _______________ pollution in the air today. It is difficult to see. countries in the world. 3. _______________ of my parents is retired. D. Read the text again and circle the correct They both still work. words in italics. 4. _______________ of the employees in the 1. Coca-Cola owns 3500 / 500 different brands. building must wear safety gear during the 2. The Coca-Cola company makes $1.7 billion / construction project. $39.1 billion a year. 5. I can take _______________ the blue one or 3. Each serving of coke contains 39 / 10 grams of the brown one. It doesn’t matter which one. sugar. C. Find and correct the mistakes below. 4. People in Mexico drink 1000 / 665 servings of 1. Don’t take neither of the food. It must stay Coca-Cola products every year on average. here. 5. 94% / 84% of the world recognises the Coca- 2. Billy, Fred, and Kameron ate several of the Cola logo. food. E. Discuss the following question with a 3. Naomi brought much of the cakes. partner. 4. Every of the people at the party weren’t 1. How does Coca-Cola continue to grow if fewer invited. people are drinking cola? 5. There should have been less people at the 2. Do you think so-called ‘health drinks’ and party. ‘sports drinks’ are a rip-off? 3. Do you like energy drinks? What effect do they have on you? 28 GRAMMAR BANK p. 123

2.2 SALES & MARKETING WRITING A. Work in pairs. Go to page 140, read the explanation and do the following activities. B. Read the email below and answer the questions below with a partner. 1. What is James’ complaint? 2. What happened? 3. What does he want? Mr. Maxwell, I was told that you are the delivery manager for my area, so I am writing to you to complain about a delivery that was made to my house last week. I had ordered new software for my computer and needed it urgently. I work from home and couldn’t work without the new software. Delivery was made to my home, but when I opened the package, it wasn’t my software. It was some baby nappies. I haven’t got a baby, so I was shocked. I looked at the label on the box, and it had been delivered to the wrong address. My package still hasn’t arrived, so I think that you must have delivered it to the person who ordered the nappies. I went to her address, but she wasn’t at home. I think that you should sort this out, and also refund my delivery money. I have also lost three days of work because of your mix up, so I would like at least £300 in compensation as well. Sincerely, James Trudeau C. Discuss the following questions with the same partner. 1. Do you think his request is reasonable? Give reasons. 2. Should his request be accepted or denied? Give reasons. D. Write a response to the complaint email using the phrases from the writing chest. 29

idioms connected with using language expressing lack of understanding and asking for clarification SALES & MARKETING SALES STRATEGIES WARM UP! B. Match the idioms from exercise A to their meanings. A. Discuss the following questions with a partner. a. talk about business at a social event b. get a process, or discussion started 1. “You can’t train to be a salesperson. You are c. state something shortly either a natural-born salesperson or not.” Do d. bring a discussion to an end you agree? e. speak rationally f. gossip or keep a secret 2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of working in sales? C. Discuss these questions in groups. 3. “My friend could sell snow to Eskimos.” Do 1. Which do you find easier: talking shop or you have the ability to persuade people to do making small talk? Why? Which is more things they don’t really want to do? interesting? Why? B. Go to page 133 and do the quiz. Compare 2. Your classmate starts talking about your your answers with a partner. teacher behind his back. It’s a really juicy bit of gossip. Do you join in the conversation? VOCABULARY 3. Tell your group, in a nutshell, what you like and A. Complete the following idioms with the dislike more about learning English. verbs below. 4. When you’re in a group of people you don’t talk (x3) start put wrap know very well, how easy is it for you to get the ball rolling? 1. _____ the ball rolling 2. _____ sense 5. What would you say to wrap up a conversation 3. _____ in a nutshell with a very boring person you met at a party? 4. _____ shop 5. _____ behind someone’s back 6. Can you think of any world leaders who don’t 6. _____ up the discussion talk sense? Give examples of what they’ve said. 30

2.3 SALES & MARKETING READING A. B.Discuss the following questions with a partner. Scan the text and choose the best title. 1. What sales strategies do you know? a. Cheating the Customers to Sell More 2. Have you ever tried to sell something? b. What Makes a Good Salesperson c. Talking Too Much Brings Success ______________________________________ These days, selling the products can be difficult because of the availability of products. A salesperson’s job is more difficult today because online shopping is becoming more popular. This is because online consumers can see more products than ever before and compare their features and prices more easily. So, modern salespeople need to be extremely good at their job to be successful. On the other hand, the internet allows you as a salesperson to reach more customers all over the world. Let’s look at the steps to a successful sale. The first step to selling a product is to believe in the product. This means that you believe that the product is useful and will make the customer’s life better. If you don’t like or don’t care about a product, the customer will realise this and walk away from the product. The next important aspect of selling a product is being knowledgeable about it. When a customer asks a question about the product, you must know the answer. If you cannot talk sense, it will seem as if you don’t care about the product. After this, you’ll need to show the customers how the product will benefit them. For example, will it make their life easier? You should show them how. Will it make their life more comfortable or luxurious? The salesperson should creates a sense of status around the products, then the customers will bring their families together. Moreover, the salesperson can tell anecdotes from other customers about the product. Will it last a long time? To put it in a nutshell, the salesperson may tell them how long and how much money they could save by using this product. After following these steps, the salesperson understands the customer’s demands, value and needs, so he can connect with the potential buyers easier. This means that you need to listen to the customer because it is believed that sales is 60% listening and 40% talking. Your customer should be talking more than you especially when you are trying to make a sale. By listening to your customer, you will understand whether he is rich or not. This will highly depend on how you market the product to them. Afterward, you will decide how to start the ball rolling with the customer. Instead of just saying, “How can I help you?” you might ask a question about their intentions. Are they looking for themselves or a gift for someone else? Finally remember, to be honest with the customer. Never lie or exaggerate the benefits of the product. Instead, show the customer how the product will fit into their lifestyle. The final step in selling a product is marketing. You have to give your product information to as many people as possible. You can do this in different ways. The first way is through advertising. You can buy advertisement space on television, radio or online which can reach many people but if your product has a very specific consumer group, you may want to advertise at conferences or trade shows instead. It may also be useful for you to hire sales representatives to go to potential buyers in-person. Many companies also advertise through cold-calling or random telephone calls, but this is not usually very effective, with potential customers wrapping up the discussion by slamming down the phone in anger. After you have tried different sales strategies, you need to review the performance of your products. If one product is selling less than the others, you need to change your sales strategy for that product or stop selling that product. Through time you should be able to grow your business with these sales techniques. 31

2.3 SALES & MARKETING 2.6 4. After I learned this lesson, I started having ________ after ________. C. Listen and decide which one is the best summary of the text. 5. I have a real estate business, and I found a ________ who already had a successful real a. 1st Summary estate business. b. 2nd Summary C. Summarise the three pieces of advice that D. Answer the following questions with a Nick gives. partner. GRAMMAR 1. Why does the internet make selling a product more difficult? A. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words to complete the phrases. 2. How does the internet make selling a product easier? Conversation 1: A: I think that we should change the system 3. Why is it important to be knowledgeable about the product? entirely. B: I’m not ________ sure what you ________. 4. Name some ways of marketing or advertising. Which one do you think is the most effective? Could you ________ that, please? A: To say this ________, I think that the whole 5. Why should a salesperson connect with the customer? system should be changed. E. Read the quotation below and have a short Conversation 2: discussion about it. A: Your homework will be posted on the internet. B: I beg your __________, but I don’t __________ ‘Sales is %60 listening %40 talking.’ understand. LISTENING A: Sorry, let me __________. You need to log on A. Discuss the following questions with a with your student ID and got to the website. partner. B. Choose the correct alternative. 1. Do you know any entrepreneurs* from your country? 1. A: Jason, you can’t be late tonight because my friends are coming over. 2. How do you think they became successful? 3. Would you like to be an entrepreneur? B: ________? That I can’t do whatever I want 4. What do you think is necessary to become a with my time? successful entrepreneur? a. In other words b. What are you trying to say *entrepreneurs: people who start a business and can risk the loss in the hope of profit 2. A: Could you lend me some money? I’m out. B: ________ you already spent all of your money? B. Listen to the conversation and 2.7 a. Do you mean that b. Let me explain that complete the following sentences. 3. A: You’ll need to get your book list from the 1. Today we’re talking with entrepreneur Nick campus bookstore. Graff, owner of ________ successful start-up companies. B: ________. Do I have to buy my books there or just get the list? 2. The truth is, I ________ a lot and got ________ a lot. a. To say this differently b. I don’t quite see what you mean 3. You have to have people around you to ________ you. 32

2.3 C. Read the following dialogue and correct the SALES & MARKETING mistakes. SPEAKING A: I accept assignments late, but I’ll take off 5 points for each day it’s late. A. Listen to the conversation and 2.8 answer the following questions. B: Are you mean that I can give in my homework late? 1. What’s the reason for the call? 2. What is the number quoted? A: To say this more different, I want your 3. What’s the name of the item the caller wants? assignments to be completed, so they can be 4. What is the caller’s full name and address? late, but they should be finished. 5. What is the caller offered, and what does she B: I’m not quite sure that you mean. ask for? A: In the other words, you can’t turn in homework B. Work in pairs. Listen again. Student A: write that isn’t finished, but you can turn in finished the phrases used for asking for clarification. homework late. Student B: write the phrases for showing B: Alright, thanks. understanding. C. Work with a partner. Student A: turn to page 138. Student B: turn to page 138. Read the instructions and do the role-play. GRAMMAR BANK p. 124 33

SALES AND MARKETING A. Watch the video and do some research about B. Work in pairs. Brainstorm, do research and sales and marketing on the internet. Use the prepare a list of questions for the interview following questions as a guideline and write about a sales and marketing. Visit a shop that a report of 80-100 words about the topic. a salesperson with your partner in a month. Do an interview with the contact person 1. What is marketing? of the shop. Record the interview or take 2. What are the most important factors to be notes. Discover sales and marketing in real life. Take some pictures of the salesperson. successful in sales and marketing? C. Prepare a presentation introducing sales and 3. What kind of skills does marketing demand? marketing with your friend. Use the report 4. What kind of marketing strategies are used in Exercise A and your notes about the interview in Exercise B. Don’t forget to show today? the pictures you took during your interview in your presentation. 5. What do the customers expect after the sale? 6. What are some coverage strategies in marketing? 7. What does joint venture mean? 8. How did the Internet change the marketing in overall? 34

A. Choose the correct article to complete the following sentences. 1. I am going to go to _____ France next year. a. the b. a c. an d. - 2. It will take _____ hour to complete the assignment. a. the b. a c. an d. - 3. _____ dogs in this particular picture are running. a. The b. A c. An d. - 4. _____ River Thames is the longest river in England. a. The b. A c An d. - 5. May I have _____ cup of coffee, please? UNIT 2 REVISION BOX a. the b. a c. an d. - C. Choose the correct quantifier from the 6. I love _____ cats but unfortunately I am allergic italics. to them. 1. I have no / all television at home because I a. the b. a c. an d. - don’t like watching TV at all. B. Complete the phrases with the words be- 2. All / Both of my friends went on holiday last low. week. One has just returned but the other is still on holiday. pay foot drive rip buy put 3. Either / Neither you can come with me or you 1. ______ off can stay here and wait. 2. ______ a hard bargain 3. ______ all eggs in one basket 4. Each / None of the students performed well 4. ______ a pig in a poke in the exam, but Sarah’s result was the worst! 5. ______ over the odds 6. ______ the bill 5. I didn’t like a little / much of the food served at the restaurant but I was quite hungry, so I have eaten them. 35

social media and e-mail acronyms silent ‘h’ future continuous tense HIGH-TECH FUTURE PREDICTIONS WARM UP! VOCABULARY A. Work in pairs. Read the quotation below and A. Look at the abbreviations and find the full discuss the following questions. phrases in the wordsearch. ‘You can’t connect the dots looking forward; ASAP BFN LOL WTG SMH NTM you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow E S VB L ZQEQVV PQDQ I connect in your future. You have to trust in K L E DME I B T T X K T A E D something - your gut, destiny, life, karma, S C BWUM J O Y J WE P E E O whatever. This approach has never let me down, F F N I R AUUX EM I DH XN and it has made all the difference in my life.’ R E QW S E K V Y D F U G Y I T N R J B H S U S Z W O O WM D K Steve Jobs P Y KRCPOK Y LNARGSN EN I R COHP T H Y K PNNO 1. Do you agree with the idea above? Why, why R C Y J T G V U S T C N G I OW not? F A Y T O S O Z O A L A S K WW J X J M I H D G T G NM I A D E 2. Which one usually guides you in your life: OWP Z G U O F R U O O Q H O T your past experiences or future plans? Give an Y C N U B U K G I Y MW O S A L example. F X AGQEUUUT F HK S A X T L S LWK D E U J J F Q F S D B. Look at the following image and answer the N O T T OME N T I O NMK K A questions. 1. What do you think about the child: is he optimistic or pessimistic? 2. Do you frequently have hopeful or doubtful dreams about your future? 3. How do you think your life will change in 5 years? 36

B. What is the extra phrase in the puzzle, and 3.1 what is its abbreviation? HIGH-TECH C. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate abbreviation. ROBOTIC TREES 1. She still owes me 50 dollars this month, 1 In the past couple of decades, the _________ the 30 dollars I gave her last month. development of robots has skyrocketed. There are now robotic toys, robots that will clean building 2. Please reply soon. I have to tell them if you’re floors, robots that assemble cars and human- coming or not __________. like robots that dance and speak. Most robots are designed to mimic animal or human behaviour, 3. Your picture is so silly! _________ and the vast majority of robots are made to do jobs that are too dirty, expensive, boring or dangerous 4. Alright, I’ll see you tomorrow. ___________ for humans to do. For example, a military robot can go into a danger zone to look for land mines 5. I can’t believe Terry’s asked Julie to marry him! and a robot can be sent into space to explore the _______! surface of other planets. 6. ________ what your problem is. Just tell your 2 These are two jobs that are too dangerous dad the truth. for humans to do at the moment. But what about plants? Robot plants are a new field of study. The 7. I heard you came first in the marathon. European Union has a project called PLANTOID ________! to develop robotic trees, and the first robots are finished. The robot trees have leaves that can PRONUNCIATION monitor the environment. The computer in the tree trunk, which is made on a 3D printer, measures A. Listen to and circle the word that 3.1 things such as temperature, gravity, humidity, and has the different sound. chemicals in the environment. 1. honour honest hour hotel 3 The trees also have roots. There are two 2. rhyme overheat rhythm rhubarb types of roots. One type can grow longer, push and 3. foghorn thought ghost light make ways through the soil. The other kind can move and bend to find a water source. Right now B. Cross out the silent ‘h’ in these 3.2 the trees are not used for any specific purpose, but words, then listen and check. researchers have some ideas for them in the future. In a few years’ time, the trees will be monitoring whale highlight airhead rhino ghastly air and soil quality. when hotel who dough high 4 The robotic trees will also be able to READING explore other planets within the next decade. They will be sent to Mars first and “planted” into A. Work in pairs. Look at the image below and the Martian soil. As soon as possible the robotic discuss the following questions. trees will be constantly sending environmental information back to Earth, including the air, soil 1. What kind of robot is this? and temperature on Mars. There are already robots 2. What might it be useful for? on Mars now, but they were all designed to copy human behavior and collect data the way a human scientist does. The robotic trees might give new information by sending roots down into the soil and staying in the same place for a long time as a plant does naturally. 5 Making the robotic trees has opened a new branch of robotics. Since plant systems are much different from animal or human systems, their robot copies also have to be much different. 37

3.1 HIGH-TECH B. Make sentences with future continuous using B. Read the article and check your ideas in the words given. exercise A. 1. Carol / perform / live on stage / at 7pm. 2. Gerald and Polly / get / married / this time C. Read the statements below and find the tomorrow. relevant paragraphs. 3. We / eat / when / you / arrive. 4. Pedro / play / piano / while / I / sing / this 1. __________There are many kinds of robots that do people’s undesirable jobs. weekend. 5. I / think of / you / while / you / take the exam 2. __________ In the near future, the robotic roots will give us detailed information about / tomorrow. the soil quality. C. Tick the correct sentences below and correct 3. __________ Robotic plants will be much different from other animal-inspired copies. the wrong ones. 4. __________ Robotic trees will be also used in 1. I’m sure I’ll be loving your dress when I see it. researches on other planets. 2. Julie will be studying when you come so please 5. __________ The robotic trees have leaves that don’t bother her. can monitor the environment. 3. Kim won’t be believing our story when we tell D. Read the message below. How much do you him tomorrow. 4. Nancy won’t be cooking at the moment. agree with it? 5. She’ll camping this weekend so she won’t be Robotic trees? LOL! They must think we’re at home. stupid. IDK if this is an April Fool’s Day joke, but come on! SMH. How can a robot grow roots like a real tree? NTM search for water – you can’t mix electricity and water. If anyone believes this, WTG, but I reckon it’s a load of nonsense. They’ll be telling us the British Royal Family are alien lizards next! GRAMMAR A. Complete the sentences with the correct future form. 1. I ___________ on the beach this time next week. (run) 2. I’m sure she ___________ differently tomorrow. (think) 3. You ___________ while I’m working because of the time difference between here and China. (sleep) 4. He ___________ you when he sees this picture. (remember) 5. Ben ___________ here this time tomorrow. (drive) 38 GRAMMAR BANK p. 124

3.1 HIGH-TECH SPEAKING A. Scan the text below and choose the most appropriate title. a. Famous Predictions in the Past b. Scientific Predictions c. Predictions Are not Always Reliable _____________________________ Humans love to try to predict the future. Each year people try to predict what will happen in the new year. Sometimes these predictions are accurate, and sometimes they turn out to be very wrong. For example, in 1888 Edward Bellamy wrote a book that predicted life in the year 2000. He correctly predicted debit cards, skyscrapers, and television. However, the main idea of his book, that the United States would become a social utopia was wrong. Other amazing predictions have been made using the scientific method. For example, Sir Isaac Newton predicted the existence of the planet Neptune based on scientific models before anyone knew it exists. The Cold War between the US and Russia was predicted based on the rapid expansion of both countries. Nowadays, people are still trying to predict our future. Most of the predictions nowadays are fairly negative. Many people predict that the world is changing too fast, and in 10 years’ time the Earth will be changing too rapidly for humans to cope. Many people predict that global warming will make many places on Earth uninhabitable in the near future. Still, a prediction is just a guess, and even predictions based on scientific information can turn out to be wrong. B. Read the article and answer the following questions. 1. What were the accurate predictions in history? 2. Who made these predictions? 3. What were the wrong predictions in history? 4. Do you think global warming will make our planet unlivable soon? Why, why not? C. Write down three predictions that you have for the next 10 years, 50 years, and 100 years. D. Work in groups and discuss your predictions in exercise C. Don’t forget to use the future continuous tense. 39

words related to techology tank vs. thank future perfect simple tense vs. future perfect continuous tense HIGH-TECH OUTER SPACE WARM UP! 6. ______________ to get a newer or better version of software or hardware A. Work in pairs and discuss the following questions. 7. ______________ a public place where you can access the internet, usually for free 1. Are you interested in technology? 2. What is your favourite item of technology? 8. ______________ a person who is interested in technology B. Go to page 134 and take the quiz. Then compare your result with your partner. C. Fill in the blanks with the technology words VOCABULARY in exercise A. A. Look at the words below and cross the ones 1. John is a(n) ____________. He is learning about that are not related to technology. computers and having the latest technology. techie podcast cannon gadget 2. I’ll tell you when I _______________ my evacuation boot up back up computer. It takes a while to turn on. files regiment high-spec wireless 3. This version of the computer program is old. I hotspot upgrade gunpowder wool need to _______________ it soon. B. Match the definitions to the technology 4. The coffee shop is a(n) ______________, so words in exercise A. we can use the internet there for free. 1. ______________ to make copies of files in 5. Kevin’s latest ________ is his virtual reality case you lose the originals headset. 2. ______________ to switch a computer on 6. Kelly listens to the cooking ________________ 3. ______________ an electronic tool used for a every Sunday. specific purpose 7. Caleb uses a(n) _______________ laptop for 4. ______________ high-quality with the latest his computer programming job. features, for example, laptop 8. Make sure to _______________ regularly to 5. ______________ digital sound files available avoid losing them. for download, usually in a radio-style series PRONUNCIATION 40 A. Listen and decide if the 3.3 words you hear are the same or different. Write the words you hear.

B. Listen and circle the 3.4 3.2 words you hear. HIGH-TECH 1. ties - thighs 2. thin - tin 3. path - pat 4. pit - pith Colonising Titan 5. bath - bat Humankind’s dream of travelling to other planets has existed almost since humans realised that there were other planets READING relatively close to Earth. Much of the attention of space exploration has been focused on Mars, but scientists have A. Look at the image and discuss the discovered a place that might be closer to Earth and easier for following questions. humans to live on than Mars. It isn’t a planet, but rather is one of Saturn’s moons, called Titan. 1. If you had the chance to live on another planet, would you go? Some scientists predict that humans will have colonised Titan before the next century begins. Titan will be easier to colonise 2. What would you miss the most? than other places because its atmosphere is closer to Earth’s Which personal item would you than Saturn’s atmosphere. Also, Titan has huge lakes full of take with you? natural gases like methane. Titan also has water under its surface. Titan hasn’t got oxygen, but if humans go to Titan, they will be extracting their required oxygen from the water found there. But there will also be some challenges. The gravity on Titan is less than the gravity on Earth, which might negatively influence on humans health. To counter these effects, humans should wear heavy, high-spec spacesuits and get plenty of exercise to stop muscle loss. So, it may be difficult to find volunteers for this task. Besides, it takes 2 to 4 years to travel to Titan, so due to long distance and time gap, people will be disconnected from all upgraded technologies. Moreover, this long distance will avoid techies to access wireless hotspot. The only information one could receive from home will be out-of-date podcasts news. As soon as humans land on Titan, they will have to set up habitable areas, such as pods or bubbles, filled with oxygen and regulated the appropriate air pressure and temperature, to enable them to move freely and easily. Based on scientific findings Titan is extremely cold. It is -179 degrees Celsius. Besides all these problems, there are also some very harmful chemicals in Titan’s atmosphere, so the modules will need filters to protect the people living there. If people leave these pods, they will have to wear space suits. The good news is that Titan contains a lot of carbon-based material, and it seems like its soil can be used for farming, and people there will be able to grow their own food. The goal in colonisation of Titan is to explore the outer solar system such as Saturn and its other moons more easily. Tgus they will be able to send robots to other planets in the outer solar system to explore them. Colonisation of Titan may be far in the future, and scientists will have been developing new technologies by the time we send the first humans there. 41

3.2 6. Titan has got oxygen. 7. Scientists aren’t interested in the exploration HIGH-TECH of Saturn. B. Read the article, look at the underlined 8. It is believed that animal-like organisms live on words and answer the following questions. Titan. 1. the word “its” refers to _____________ 2. the word “there” refers to _____________ D. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases 3. the word “they” refers to _____________ from the article. C. Mark the following sentences as True (T), 1. It takes _____________ years to travel to Titan. False (F) or Not Mentioned (NM). 2. The temperature on Titan is _____________. 3. There are lakes full of _____________ on Titan. 1. Titan is the largest moon of Saturn. 4. Titan is a _____________. 2. People will be able to grow food on Titan. 5. People will send _____________ from Titan to 3. Titan’s atmosphere is closer to Earth’s than other planets in the outer solar system. Saturn’s is. 4. Titan has got more gravity than Earth. 5. A great deal of money will be paid to the volunteers that accept the Titan journey. 42

E. Work in groups. List three challenges that 3.2 people will face on Titan, then compare your list to other group members. HIGH-TECH LISTENING B. Write sentences with the prompts given using ‘the future perfect continuous tense’. A. Fill in the table with Carrie and 3.5 Greg’s ideas: 1. Jennie / run / 2 hours / by / finish / race. 2. We / live / here / 10 years / by / sell our house. Good idea Bad idea 3. Jonah / work / 12 hours straight / by / he / get GRAMMAR / a break. 4. I / get / magazine / 5 years / next month. A. Put the verb given into the future perfect 5. The farmers / pick / fruit / few days / by / we tense. arrive. 1. Kelly ________________ to drive by the time she takes the exam. (learn) C. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verb given. 2. Bernie ________________ his meal by now. We can call him. (finish) 1. I __________ reading this book by the time you visit next week. (finish) 3. George ________________ the director about the pay rises by tomorrow. We can ask him 2. Suzie has worked here since 2006, so she then. (ask) __________ for this company for 10 years in 2016, and she plans to keep working. (work) 4. The laundry ________________ by the time you need your jeans, so you’ll have to wear 3. Jeremy promised me that he __________ something else. (not dry) smoking by the time his son is born. (quit) 5. The contractor ________________ our house 4. It’s such a long journey. Peggy __________ for by this time next year. (build) ten hours by the time she reaches London, and she’ll still have to travel for six more hours. (travel) 5. What a long day! By the time we’re finished we __________ for 8 hours straight! (shop) SPEAKING A. Work with a partner. Look back at Carrie and Greg’s ideas about space exploration and discuss the following question. 1. Do you agree or disagree with their ideas? B. Work with the same partner. Write your own list of pros and cons of space colonisation. Then share your ideas with your classmates. GRAMMAR BANK p. 124 43

collective nouns position and order of adjectives HIGH-TECH TECHNOLOGICAL ADVENCES WARM UP! A. Complete the crossword with collective nouns from the descriptions. A. Work with a partner. Read the statements below and decide which ones exist now. Mark them as real (R) or unreal (U). 1. A robot that can go shopping with you and carry your shopping bags. 2. A ring that can turn on the TV, switch on and off the lights, launch an app on your smartphone. 3. An electronic pot that can take care of your plant without your help. 4. A flying car B. Go to page 134 and check your answers with your partner. Then, read the instruction below and do the activity. VOCABULARY INFO BOX Across 2. a group of insects, e.g. bees, flies Some nouns are called collective 4. a group of types of transportation nouns. They are singular, but they 5. a group of objects tied together refer to a group of something. Although they refer to more Down than one thing, they are usually 1. a group of people who run a ship treated as singular nouns. 2. a group of employees 3. a group of sheep or cows e.g. a gang is a group of people, usually close friends. 44

B. Work in pairs and fill in the gaps with 3.3 the words in exercise A. 1. Look at that ________ of ants eating that HIGH-TECH dead pigeon; they’ll have stripped off all B. Write 3 questions about the hovercraft with a its flesh in no time! partner. Then read the article and see if there are 2. Be careful of that ________ of cattle answers to your questions in the article. when walking across the field. There’s a bull that might attack you in your red FLY YOUR BIKE coat. 3. I’m writing to complain about your rude In the 1980s’ classic film Back to the Future II, the ________ when I visited your hotel. main character rides what was then seen as pure 4. Look at his bulging wallet! He must have sci-fi fantasy – a hoverboard. In the third Star Wars over £300 in that ________ of notes! film, Return of the Jedi, an even more impressive 5. When I was young, I was a member of a vehicle wowed young audiences – the hoverbike. motorbike ________. Back then, nobody thought that these beautiful, 6. The ________ of the Starship Enterprise sleek machines could become reality, but the future boldly go where no one has gone before. is here! 7. I was kept awake all night by a huge ________ of delivery lorries driving past Acompanyin Californiacalled Aerofex isdeveloping my house last night. a new type of bicycle that can hover up to 3 metres above the ground and go up to 72 kph. The bicycle READING is called the Aero-X similar to the hoverbikes in the Star Wars films. A. Look at the picture and discuss the fol- lowing questions. Each one will cost $85,000 but they are not quite ready yet. People who want to buy one can give a hovercraft (n): a vehicle that is supported refundable $5000 deposit now. They have been and moved by a cushion of air which blows working on the bikes for a long time, and the flying downwards technology is already ready. The bike will run on diesel fuel and have seat for two people. Since it 1. What do you think a hoverboard or a works on hover technology, it will be able to take hoverbike would look like? off straight up into the air without a runway. 2. Are they just a sci-fi idea, or could they The hoverbike will be useful for travelling in places become reality? without well-maintained, impassable and blocked roads, such as on farms or along remote borders, or 3. Would you like to own one? Why? for evacuatig and gettig aid to, those affected by natural disasters. For those who are concerned about the safety of the bike, there are roll bars and airbags in case of a crash. The company says that it will feel just like riding a regular motorcycle, so most people will be able to learn how to fly the hoverbike in 2 days. Their goal is to make low-altitude flight an affordable reality for more people, whether they need it for their business, or they just want to fly for fun. One important thing to remember is that you cannot fly the hoverbike over regular roads or within city limits. You must fly them on private land and outside of any city. 45

3.3 HIGH-TECH C. Read the article and answer the following questions. 1. the word ‘they’ refers to _____________ 2. the word ‘they’ refers to _____________ 3. the word ‘those’ refers to _____________ 4. the word ‘their’ refers to _____________ 5. the word ‘them’ refers to _____________ D. Discuss these questions in groups. 1. Do you think hoverbikes could solve the problems of congestion and pollution? 2. Is the way we travel now likely to end soon? What technology do you think we’ll be using in the future to travel? 3. What technology from science-fiction would you like to see become reality? GRAMMAR A. Choose the correct order below. 1. a. the black, old, English two shoes b. the two black, old English shoes c. The two old black English shoes 2. a. three tall green pine trees b. green tall three pine trees c. three green tall pine trees 3. a. a plastic small pink toy b. a small pink plastic toy c. pink small a plastic toy B. Put the adjectives into the correct order. 1. German / traditional / red and green / ceramic mug 2. cotton / blue and white striped / sports / three shirts 3. young / fast / white / Arabian / racing / gorgeous horses 4. ancient / stone / large / tall / Greek jars 5. polyester / sleeping / three / blue bags 46 GRAMMAR BANK p. 125

3.3 HIGH-TECH WRITING A. Go to page 140 and read the definition of an argument essay. Then complete the essay below with a suitable transition word. Technology in the Modern World These days, technology is an inescapable part of everyday life. People almost everywhere on the planet rely on technology for the basic tasks of life, 1) _________ eating, transportation, and communication. There is no doubt that technology has greatly enhanced the ease of life in our modern age and improved the quality of life of millions of people. 2) _________, the downsides of technology are also clear. Technology has 3) _________ enlarged our problems in some ways. 4) _________ , technology is a force for good in the modern world. 5) _________, technology makes daily life easier. 6) _________, people can now cook or reheat food in seconds with microwave ovens. Daily routines are more efficient with electric toothbrushes and electric razors. 7) _________, people can travel to work on brand-new, comfortable, high-speed trains. 8) _________, technology has improved the quality of life on our planet. 9) _________, people can live longer with life-saving medication and new operations. Also, more people have access to cool, clean, safe drinking water thanks to technology. 10) _________, technology has some drawbacks. The first negative side of technology can be seen in the area of socialisation. People no longer have to socialise with other people face to face because of telephone, internet and social media. Staff in offices don’t talk to each other; like a herd of sheep, they rush to spend bundles of cash on the latest gadget that enables them to send an email to the person sitting next to them. Many studies have shown that this is breaking down relationships and the social aspect of human life. A second disadvantage of technology is the ability to fight wars with technology. 11) _________, now countries can drop bombs on people with drones. Who needs a fleet of warships when high-powered weapons can kill thousands of civilians with the touch of a big red button? This is certainly one of the worse sides of technology. 12) _________, although technology has some clear benefits in terms of everyday life and saving people’s lives, there are also some drawbacks. In our modern day, it is important to be careful with the use of technology and not accept it unquestionably as before. It is important to consider the potential positive and negative consequences of technology on our lives. B. Work in groups of four and write an outline of your ideas on technology. 47 C. Write an argumentative essay about technology using the outline you prepared as a group.

HIGH-TECH A. Watch the video and do some research about B. Work in pairs. Brainstorm, do research and high-tech on the internet. Use the following prepare a list of questions about high-tech. questions as a guideline and write a report Find a documentary about high-tech and of 80-100 words about the topic. watch it with your partner. Take notes about high-tech in the documentary. Try to answer 1. What is the origin of the term ‘high-tech’? the questions you prepared with your 2. What kind of devices can be named high-tech? partner. 3. What are some sectors related to high-tech? 4. What are some high-tech societies? C. Prepare a presentation about high-tech at 5. What are the effects of high-tech on health home. Use the report in exercise A, questions, answers and your notes in exercise B. You sector? can also show some pictures during your 6. What are some high-tech gadgets? presentation. Do your presentation in class 7. What are some high-tech materials? to share your information about high-tech in 8. What kind of high-tech devices do you think general and in the documentary. will be developed in the next ten years? 48

A. Write the meanings of the abbreviations below. 1. NTM 2. ASAP 3. LOL 4. WTG 5. 2nite 6. BFN B. Complete the following sentences with the UNIT 3 future continuous form of the verbs below. REVISION BOX read fly walk watch sleep D. Work in pairs and answer the following questions. 1. I ______________ a movie when he arrives 1. How often do you upgrade your applications tonight. on your phone? 2. While Sam is doing homework, George ______________ a book. 2. Do you know how to record video on your computer? 3. At two o’clock tomorrow, he ______________ to London. 3. How do you organize your files when you need to back them up? 4. They ______________ all night. 5. This evening we ______________ along the 4. Do you own any gadgets? What are those? beach. 5. Do you think you are a techie? C. Complete the sentences with a future per- 6. What are some podcasts you follow? fect form of the verbs below. find learn work start know 1. Jackie _________________ English for six years by the time he finishes this B2 course. 2. If we don’t hurry up, the movie _____________ before we get there. 3. I ____________ my best mate, Gideon, for thirty years this time next month. 4. Do you think we ______________ a cure for the common cold by 2025? 5. Harry __________________ on his new novel since this morning, so he should be ready for a break at 2pm. 49

types of holiday stress in numbers present perfect simple vs. present perfect continuous TRAVEL AROUND THE WORLD WARM UP! a. trading houses with someone else for a short time A. Flick through the unit, look at the pictures and answer the question below. b. travelling by ship to one or more holiday destinations 1. What’s the best holiday you’ve ever had? 2. Where would you like to visit the most? Why? c. taking a holiday for one year between high school and university B. Go to page 134. Do the quiz and compare your results with your friends. d. travelling for a religious purpose e. a one-day vacation f. low cost travel with a rucksack g. a holiday in your own town or country VOCABULARY B. Work in groups. To what extent do you agree with the statements above? A. Read the statements and match the types of holiday with the definitions below. PRONUNCIATION 1. I’ve never been one for staycations; why visit A. Listen and repeat the numbers. 4.1 something close to you when there’s a whole Mark the word stress. world out there? 1. thirteen thirty 2. Gap-years are ok, but I think most people waste 2. fourteen forty their time travelling when they should be 3. fifteen fifty earning money and gaining work experience. 4. sixteen sixty 5. seventeen seventy 3. I can’t think of anything worse than going on a 6. eighteen eighty cruise and being stuck with boring people for 7. nineteen ninety days on end. B. Circle the word that you hear. 4.2 4. People who go on backpacking holidays are usually lazy, smelly people with beards who 1. My car is 13 / 30 years old. say they’re doing it to “find themselves”. They 2. My grandfather was born in 1819 / should find a job instead! 1890. 5. What are pilgrimages all about? If I go on 3. Lyle has got 18 / 80 coins in his holiday, I want to have fun, not talk religion all day! collection. 4. The car costs 17000 / 70000 Euros. 6. If I had to take a daycation, the best place 5. Jason is 15 / 50 years old. would be a theme park. 7. Can you imagine doing a house swap holiday? Firstly, it sounds really dull, and secondly, how do you know the people in yours are trustworthy? 50