master skills reading writing 4

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CONTENT VOCABULARY / READING WRITING GRAMMAR THEME • reading about learning • writing a • Learning and personal Unit 1 education phrases styles statement • idioms related to • writing a Learn Something New learning • reading from context restaurant review • adjectives • reading about the man • writing a p. 3 - 16 describing food fictional story • adjectives who speaks 32 languages • writing an Unit 2 describing places / essay Eating Out atmosphere • discussion about • writing a job p. 17 - 30 • phrasal verbs related advertisement to reading learning something new • writing a blog Unit 3 • vocabulary related to about your hero Read Read Read • describing your • reading about most favourite book expensive food in the p. 31 - 42 • words related to World Unit 4 fame • previewing • words related to • discussion about your The Rich and the fame and success favourite meal / Famous restaurant • idioms about risk • reading about p. 43 - 56 • risky jobs modal benefits of reading Unit 5 verbs – be able to skimming • discussion about Watch Out! • adjectives different types of stories p. 57 - 68 describing people • extreme • contextualising Unit 6 superlatives • reading a text about My Hero celebrities before they p. 69 - 82 were famous • discussion about he pros and cons of being rich and famous • reading about taking risks • summarising • reading about the most dangerous job in the World • discussion about risky jobs breaking down difficult words • reading a text about heroes vs. celebrities Unit 7 • idioms related to • discussion about what makes a • writing an It Drives me Crazy anger hero article for a • extreme adjectives • reading about crazy drivers magazine p. 83 - 96 scanning for details • writing a status • reading about travel and update / comment Unit 8 • social media annoyances Going Viral • phrasal verbs • discussion about what drives p. 97 - 110 related to popularity you crazy Unit 9 • verbs about future • skimming for the • collocations related main idea Can you predict the to future • discussion aout future? viral videos you have seen p. 111 - 124 • reading about • writing Unit 10 • conspiracy horoscopes horoscope Fact or Fiction? vocabulary scanning • writing a • vocabulary about • discussion about newspaper p. 125 - 135 lies fortune tellers article / letter to the editor • reading about conspiracy theories identifying fact and opinion • reading about living a double life discussion about honesty and lying

UNIT 1 LEARN SOMETHING NEW 3

1A LEARN SOMETHING NEW WARM UP A Look at the pictures and tick the things you can do. 12 4 35 B Work in pairs and compare your answers from exercise A and answer the following question. 1 Can you both do the same things? C Work with the same partner and discuss the following questions. 1 When did you learn to do the activities in exercise A? 2 How long did it take you to learn these activities? 3 What was the most difficult thing to learn? Why? 4

1A LEARN SOMETHING NEW VOCABULARY learning and education phrases A Read the sentences and match them with the pictures. 1 I usually fall behind at university because there is so much work to do, and I can't do it all. 2 I always try to keep on top of the news because I like to know what is happening in the world. 3 I often pass my exams with flying colours. I am always the top student of my class. 4 I sometimes skip the class and go to the park with my friends instead. 5 I always hit the books the night before the exam. ab c de B Work in pairs, find which sentences from exercise A describe you, then change the sentences that are not true for you. e.g. I sometimes fall behind at work because I have a lot of work. 5

1A LEARN SOMETHING NEW PRE-READING A Take the quiz. Are you a social or solitary learner? 1 Do you usually study alone or with a group? a alone b with a group 2 Do you usually make plans? a yes b no 3 Are you aware of your own thoughts and feelings? a yes b no 4 Do you prefer to make notes or use mind maps? a make notes b use mind maps 5 Which phrase do you use more often? a “Let me think this through.” b “Let's talk this through.” B Work in pairs. Compare your answers with your partners and find if your answers are similar or different. C Go to page 136 and check your answers, then answer the following question. 1 Do you agree with your result? READING A Read the text quickly and answer the questions. 1 How many learning styles are there? 2 What are they? Learning: A Different Way Researches show that everyone learns new things differently. Some people prefer to learn in groups, called social learners. These types of people tend to enjoy talking to other people about new ideas and concepts, and they usually learn more from their peers rather than teachers. Other people prefer to learn on their own. These people are called solitary learners. Solitary learners learn best from their own feelings and experiences and prefer to take time to think about new topics. 6

1A LEARN SOMETHING NEW Within the two categories mentioned above, there are five other learning styles: visual, aural, verbal, physical and logical. These subcategories of learning styles identify the specific ways of how people learn. Visual Learners Visual learners are able to understand new information using pictures, diagrams, maps, and colours. This means they can absorb information visually, and they often enjoy represent- ing new information in a visual form, for example, by using mind maps. Aural Learners Aural learners learn from sound and music. Aural learners are very aware of music and sound, and they usually hear music in the background of movies more than other types of learners. Aural learners learn well from hearing new information and can benefit from recording lectures about new topics and themes. Verbal Learners Verbal learners usually learn best from speaking and writing. They need to produce new information themselves. When verbal learners are trying to learn a new skill, they benefit from talking about it and summarising the important information. Physical Learners Physical, or kinesthetic, learners learn through touch and the body. Physical learners tend to enjoy activities like sports and being outdoors. Physical learners like to be able to touch and move objects, so techniques like using flashcards are very beneficial for them to learn new things. Logical Learners Logical learners think mathematically and find it easy to find patterns in new information. Logical learners need to make connections between the things they are learning and under- stand the context or the bigger picture. Making lists can help logical learners put together the main ideas of a new topic. Most people use a combination of the learning styles mentioned above depending on what they are learning, but often have a dominant learning style. 7

1A LEARN SOMETHING NEW READING – DETAILED A Match the words in bold from the text with the definitions below. 1 take in / learn 2 ideas 3 repeated designs 4 mixture 5 something that happens often 6 simple drawings (usually showing how something works) B Work in pairs and decide if the following sentences are true (T) or false (F). 1 Everyone learns in a similar way. 2 Social learners learn everything from their teachers. 3 Solitary learners compare their experiences with others'. 4 Visual learners prefer to see new information rather than hear it. 5 Aural learners study well when they are listening to music. 6 Verbal learners need to write and speak to understand new information. 7 Physical learners learn sports easily. 8 Logical learners need to link new information together. C Read the text again and complete the table. learning styles techniques visual • aural • verbal • physical • logical • • • • • • 8

1A LEARN SOMETHING NEW READING SKILL/TIP reading from context We usually do not know every word we see when we read a new text. One of the most useful techniques for reading, is being able to understand the general meaning of a word from the context. A Work in pairs. Find the following words in the reading text and underline key words in the sentences that can help you understand the meaning. 1 peers e.g. They usually learn more from their peers rather than teachers. 2 subcategories 3 aural 4 kinesthetic 5 dominant B Look at the sentences in the text again and predict the meaning of the words. 1 peers 2 subcategories 3 aural 4 kinesthetic 5 dominant 9

1B LEARN SOMETHING NEW VOCABULARY idioms A Match the idioms with the definitions. a to bite off more than you can chew d to take the easy way out b to be in over your head e to be snowed under c to see the light at the end of the tunnel 1 to do the simplest or easiest option to get out of a situation 2 to be in a situation that you don't have the experience or abilities to deal with 3 to try to do something too difficult 4 to be able to see the end of a difficult situation 5 to have too much work to do B Complete the sentences with the idioms from exercise A. 1 I'm sorry, I can't come to dinner tonight. My boss just gave me four new reports to write, I _________ completely _________. 2 I just started a new job but I don't have the right experience or skills. I __________________. 3 My exams will all be finished next week. I can finally __________________. 4 I prefer not __________________. I always want to do things the best way I can, and that is sometimes the most difficult way. 5 I agreed to manage the new project, but it is so complicated. I think I __________________. C Work in pairs and discuss the following questions. 1 Have you ever bitten off more than you can chew? What happened? 2 Do you usually try to see the light at the end of the tunnel in a difficult situation? 3 How often do you feel snowed under? 4 Do you usually take the easy way out? 5 Have you ever been in over your head? What happened? 10

1B LEARN SOMETHING NEW PRE-READING A Work in pairs and make notes in the table. difficulties in language learning tips to learn a new language B Work in groups of four and compare your ideas from exercise A. 1 What are the biggest difficulties for people learning a new language? 2 What are the best tips to learn a new language? READING A Match the words with the definitions. 1 translator a takes a lot of time 2 polyglots b someone who wants to learn or know something 3 time-consuming c someone who translates one language into another (usually as a profession) 4 curious d recklessly 5 purpose e people who speak many languages 6 desperately f reason for doing something 11

1B LEARN SOMETHING NEW B Read the text and fill in the blanks with the words from exercise A. Languages of the World Do you ever feel like you are in over your head when you try to learn a new language? Many people find learning a new language very difficult and __________________. Studies show that after learning your third language the process of language learning becomes a lot easier. If this isn't enough motivation for you to keep studying your second or third language, then perhaps Ioannis Ikonomou will inspire you. Ioannis Ikonomou is a Greek __________________ who has worked in Brussels for many years. Ikonomou grew up in Greece and during this time, he always heard tourists speak lots of different languages. He was __________________ about these unfamiliar words that he couldn't understand. Before he even finished school, Ikonomou could already speak seven languages including English, Russian, Turkish, and Swahili. He learned some of the languages simply out of interest and curiosity. He learned other languages because he wanted to have friends and not enemies. Ikonomou __________________ wanted to travel and see the world, and he believed that the best way to learn about different cultures and lifestyles was by learning the local language. He always believed that you need to know why you are learning the language – Is it for fun? For work? To meet and communicate with new people? He believes that when you have a __________________, learning the language becomes a pleasure rather than a chore. Today, Ikonomou speaks 32 different languages including Mandarin, Arabic, and Latin. People like Ikonomou are not very common. The best tip __________________ can give to the rest of us is to be committed. Of course language learning takes time, but when you know why you are learning it and find the beauty in the language, you will improve much faster and most importantly you will have fun doing it. For some people learning languages isn't that easy but everyone can learn a new language. What's the trick? Practice! Every time Ikonomou learns a new word, he tries to connect it to the other languages he speaks or to his mother tongue. You can't take the easy way out. When you learn a new word you must use it as soon as possible. Ikonomou finds a way to use his new vocabulary - he speaks to as many people as possible and reads newspaper articles to keep the new words fresh in his mind. 12

1B LEARN SOMETHING NEW READING – DETAILED A Read the text again and answer the following questions. 1 When does language learning become easier? 2 When did Ikonomou first become interested in languages? 3 How many languages could he speak when he was a child? 4 Why did he want to learn so many languages? 5 What does Ikonomou think is the best way to meet people from different cultures? 6 What does Ikonomou need to know when he starts learning a new language? 7 What languages can Ikonomou speak now? 8 What is the most important thing to do when you learn a new language? B Work in pairs. Read the text again and circle any words or phrases you don't know the meanings of. Work together to try to predict the meanings of the words. DISCUSSION learning something new A Think about the last thing you learned. It could be a language, game, sport, etc. Complete the table with notes about the activity. Activity/Skill: Easiest part: Most difficult part: Something you must remember: Tip(s): B Work in pairs. Tell your partner how to do the activity or skill in exercise A. Use the following phrases to help you. • I recently learned how to.... 13 • The easiest part of it is... • The most difficult part of it is... • You should always remember that... • The best tip I could give you is... C Ask your partner extra questions about the skill or activity. e.g. How long does it take to learn? Where can I learn more about it?

1B LEARN SOMETHING NEW WRITING personal statement A Read the personal statement for a university application and answer the question. 1 What course do you think they are applying for? a History b International Politics c Business Management 1 I completed my high school studies at Birmingham High School in 2012. I finished with an A in Modern History and a B+ in International Studies. My high school studies were an excellent introduction into the impact of politics on world events. I was on the student council, and I demonstrated excellent leadership skills. 2 Since completing my high school studies, I have worked as an assistant at a local university in the politics department. I have consistently shown my colleagues that I am motivated and hard-working and very passionate about the work. 3 I have always been interested in modern history and politics. I keep on top of current events through watching the news and participating in the Politics Society at Birmingham University. The Politics Society is an opportunity for me to develop my analytical and communication skills. 4 I hope to work with the United Nations in the future, and I believe your program is the perfect step towards this dream. I believe that I have the drive and passion to successfully complete the program to a high standard. B Read the personal statement again and match the topics with the paragraphs. a Interests b Current education/employment c Future plans d Educational background 14

1B LEARN SOMETHING NEW C You are going to write a short personal statement for a university application. Complete the table with notes relating to the topics in exercise B. Educational background Current education/employment Interests Future plans Tip(s) D Write your personal statement using the notes from exercise C. Master Tip Notice that paragraph 1 uses the past simple because the actions are finished. e.g. I completed my high school studies at Birmingham High School in 2012. Paragraphs 2 and 3 use the present perfect and present simple. We use the present perfect to talk about life experiences and actions that started in the past and are still true now. e.g. I have consistently shown my colleagues that I am motivated and hard-working. I have always been interested in modern history and politics. We use the present simple to talk about habits, routines and facts. e.g. I keep on top of current events through watching the news. 15

NOTE _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 16

UNIT 2 EATING OUT 17

2A EATING OUT WARM UP Are you a foodie? A Take the quiz. 1 Choose a restaurant. a b 2 Choose a dish. ab 3 Choose a dessert. ab 4 Do you prefer to cook or order take away? a cook b order take away 5 Look at the ingredients. Do you know something you could cook with these ingredients? a yes b no B Compare your answers with your partner and find if you chose similar answers. C Work with the same partner. Go to page136 and check your results to the quiz, then answer the following question. 1 Do you agree with your results? Why or why not? 18

2A EATING OUT VOCABULARY adjectives describing food A Match the adjectives with the definitions. a raw b ripe c bland d crisp e savoury f bitter 1 not sweet 4 with no flavour 2 crunchy 5 not cooked 3 ready to eat (used to describe fruit and vegetables) 6 sour B Work in pairs. Describe the food using the adjectives from exercise A. e.g. The strawberries are ripe and it is not crisp, it is soft. ,, C Work with the same partner and discuss the following question. 1 Can you think of other adjectives to describe the food in exercise B? e.g. sweet, salty, oily 19

2A EATING OUT PRE-READING A Work in pairs. Compare the desserts below. ab Master Tip Remember to use the comparative form to compare two things. • For one syllable adjectives add -er. e.g. crisper • For one syllable adjectives ending in consonant + vowel + consonant we double the last consonant and add -er. e.g. hotter, thinner • For adjectives ending in y, we change the y to an i and add -er. e.g. tastier, saltier • For adjectives with two or more syllables we add ‘more’ before the adjective. e.g. more delicious, more crunchy • We also add ‘than’ after the comparative adjective. B Work with the same partner and discuss the following questions. 1 Which dessert from exercise A would you most like to eat? Why? 2 Do you prefer sweet or savoury dishes? Why? 3 How often do you eat out at restaurants? 4 What is the most expensive dish you have ever eaten? READING A Work in pairs. Look at the pictures. Which dish do you think is the most expensive? abcd 20

2A EATING OUT B Read the text and match the pictures with the paragraphs. Which dish is the most expensive? Food for Thought The food revolution has really taken over the world. With celebrity chefs like Jamie Oliver making great food more available to everyone, regardless of the price they have, the world has started to get more and more excited about the role of food in their lives. Today, it is much easier to cook delicious food with basic ingredients but of course, there are still many luxurious foods out there that are only available to the rich. b 1 The simple burger is no longer simple. You can still go to your local fast food restaurant and order a standard hamburger with the usual fillings. However, if you are a real foodie, there is a whole new world of hamburgers for you to explore. Most people couldn’t imagine spending $50 on hamburger, but the most expensive burger in the world is available for $2,500! Why is it so expensive? The patties are made from the most expensive beef in the world and includes other deluxe items like truffles and fancy cheese. Where can you buy it? Only in Las Vegas of course. b 2 Many people in the UK and the USA love enjoying a bagel sandwich for lunch. Bagels are round bread rolls that look like donuts. You can fill them with anything you want – salad, cheese, ham, the list goes on. The most expensive bagel in the world is in New York, and it will cost you $1000. It has the most expensive cream cheese and even champagne jelly inside. b 3 Nobody thinks of hot dogs when they think about expensive food, but for $145 you can eat the most expensive hot dog in the world. The hot dog is a collection of the most delicious ingredients from around the world – Swedish cheese, French mustard and Italian bread. It has crisp elements, soft elements and of course, it is never bland! It might look like every other hot dog in the world, but the taste is completely different! b 4 Sushi is a traditional dish from Japan which is made with rice, seaweed, raw seafood, and vegetables. For $2,000 you can order 5 pieces of the most magnificent sushi in the world. Sushi is like an art, and this sushi is incredible. It even comes with pearls and a diamond. 21

2A EATING OUT READING – DETAILED A Match the words in bold with the pictures. 12 3 4 B Complete the table. Dish Cost hamburger bagel hot dog sushi C Read the text again and answer the questions. 1 Why are more and more people enjoying fine food? 2 Why does the most expensive burger cost so much money? 3 Where can you buy the most expensive burger? 4 What is a bagel? 5 Where can you buy the most expensive bagel? 6 What fillings are in the most expensive bagel? 7 What fillings are in the most expensive hot dog? 8 How much sushi do you get for $2000? 9 What do you get with the most expensive sushi? 22

2A EATING OUT READING SKILL/TIP previewing Previewing is a very useful skill for reading. Previewing involves looking at the pictures, titles, and subheadings of an article before you read to help you predict the information you might find in the text. A Work in pairs. Look at the pictures and brainstorm any vocabulary related to the pictures. 1 2 3 e.g. restaurant, tables, tablecloth B Read the title of the text and predict what it is about. C Read the subheading. What extra information does it tell you about the text? D Read the text and underline the information you predicted from the previous activities. Summertime Dining! The newest restaurant is serving us the most incredible dishes. Summer is coming, and there is a new restaurant in town! The Spicy Carrot opened last Saturday night in the city centre. It is a vegetarian restaurant with some extras. The main meals are absolutely delicious. You can have incredible mushroom pasta, asparagus salad and they even serve vegetarian lasagne. The restaurant serves Italian food minus the meat. Nevertheless, the best thing about the restaurant is the desserts. There are more than 15 desserts to choose from. You can have a creamy chocolate mousse, lemon tart, homemade ice cream and my personal favourite, raspberry tarts. The staff are incredibly friendly and welcoming, and they know everything there is to know about the food they are serving. Don't miss this amazing treasure this summer! 23

2B EATING OUT VOCABULARY adjectives describing places/atmosphere A Match the adjectives with the definitions. a casual b sterile c vibrant d cosy e homely f uncomfortable 1 not comfortable 2 comfortable, feels like home 3 full of energy 4 free from germs 5 warm and comfortable 6 relaxed and not formal B Look at the restaurants below. Describe the restaurants using the adjectives from exercise A. 1 3 e.g. ________________________________ It is a very cosy and homely restaurant. ________________________________ It looks comfortable. 2 4 ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ 24

2B EATING OUT PRE-READING A Look at the pictures and circle the food you would like to eat. 12 34 5 B Compare you answers to exercise A with your partner and answer the following question. 1 Did you choose the same food? C Work in groups of four and discuss the following questions. 1 What food do you like cooking? 2 What food do you like eating at restaurants? 3 What do you think of vegetarian food? 4 What do you think of raw food? 25

2B EATING OUT READING A Read the text quickly and match the questions with the paragraphs. 1 What's the atmosphere like? 2 What does it cost? 3 What's on the menu? The Raw Food Revolution Vegetarian and vegan food have taken the USA by storm. We didn't think there was anywhere to go after all the incredible vegetarian and vegan restaurants started to appear all over the country, but now there is a new trend for our taste buds. The raw food revolution. Most people think about raw food, and they immediately think it is bland, boring and tasteless. But Michael's Organic in central Chicago is trying to change that. Michael's Organic is a cosy, homely new restaurant in the centre of the town that welcomes everyone, no matter what their eating habits are. The head chef Michael Locanto believes that raw food is for everyone and that the flavours he creates are delicious, regardless of what you usually eat at home. a _____________________________ Michael serves up all his favorite Mexican dishes like tacos, burritos, and nachos. Besides, they are all raw. He uses lots of fresh fruits and vegetables, and he only works with what is in season. Accordingly, in summer you can have apricots, blueberries, limes, and peas, and in winter you can enjoy hswe e“eret sppoetcatt,soeasl,l pears, and oranges. Michael cooks in a very unique way. He says the food” he uses. He doesn't like to cook the food because then you lose some of its natural flavours. b _____________________________ The atmosphere is the best thing about this new restaurant. The kitchen is open, so you can see everything that is happening inside. You can watch Michael create your meals from scratch and then, you can enjoy your food in front of him. The restaurant itself is very friendly and welcoming. The staff are incredible and the service is attentive and warm. 26

2B EATING OUT c _____________________________ Because Michael doesn't cook any of his food, the dishes are very cheap, starting from $5. Everything is fresh and in season too, indeed, he doesn't import any luxury items from other countries which saves a lot of money. Michael believes in good food for good people. He wants his food to be enjoyed with friends and family, and he always comes into the restaurant to speak to the guests at the end of the night. READING – DETAILED A Match the words and phrases in bold with the definitions. 1 the parts of the tongue that are responsible for tasting food 2 became very popular and successful very quickly in the USA 3 from the very beginning 4 helpful and pays attention to (the customers) 5 bring something from one country to another 6 in the time of year when it is available to be eaten B Work in pairs and decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F). 1 Vegetarian and vegan restaurants are not very popular in the USA. 2 Raw food is always bland. 3 Anyone can eat at Michael's Organic. 4 Michael serves some cooked dishes. 5 You can only find food that is ripe and fresh at Michael's Organic. 6 You can watch the chef prepare the dishes at the restaurant. C Read the text again and answer the following questions. 1 What type of food does Michael serve? 2 What can you eat in summer? 3 What can you eat in winter? 4 What is the atmosphere like? 5 What is the service like? 6 Why is the restaurant affordable? 7 What happens at the end of the night? 27

2B EATING OUT DISCUSSION favourite meal/restaurant A Think about your favourite restaurant and complete the table with notes. Name of the restaurant Atmosphere Food Service B Work in groups of four. Describe your favourite restaurant to the group. C Work in the same group and discuss the following question. 1 Are your favourite restaurants similar or different? In what way? 28

2B EATING OUT WRITING restaurant review A Work in pairs. Choose one of the restaurants from the pictures below. 123 B Imagine you ate at this restaurant last week. Make notes about the restaurant. Use the following questions to help you. 1 What is the restaurant called? 2 Where is it? 3 What was the food like? 4 What was your favourite dish? 5 What was the atmosphere like? 6 What was the service like? 7 How much does it cost to eat there? C Write a short restaurant review. Use your notes from exercise B. Remember you can write a positive or negative review. D Compare your restaurant Master Tip review with your partners and answer the following question. Remember to use adjectives to make you writing richer 1 Did you write a similar review? and more interesting. e.g. The best dish was a salad. = The best dish was a crisp, fresh salad, and all the vegetables were in season. 29

NOTE _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 30