captain_4

Captain student’sbook + workbook 4

CONTENT LESSON VOCABULARY GRAMMAR PRONUNCIATION UNIT 1 - SOCIETY - PAGE 8 1.1 collocations: “do or make” tense review: present simple, present sentence stress 1.2 compound nouns: noun + noun continuous, present perfect 1.3 negative prefixes subject / object questions indirect questions sounds b / p 1.4 foreign language words in English starting and ending a conversation (small talk) UNIT 2 - NOSTALGIA - PAGE 26 2.1 confusables narrative tenses (past simple syllables 2.2 phrasal verbs with come vs. past continuous) be used to / get used to 2.3 collective nouns relative clauses (defining / non defining) sounds g / k 2.4 transition words telling a story: sequencing words UNIT 3 - BUSINESS LIFE - PAGE 44 3.1 work and money vocabulary present perfect vs. present perfect vowels 3.2 compound nous continuous sounds / Λ / 3.3 phrasal verbs with of / off past perfect tense past perfect simple vs. simple past 3.4 similes with... as apologies and excuses UNIT 4 - CELEBRATIONS- PAGE 62 4.1 verbs related to celebrations future plans: be going to / present con- consonants sh, ch, j, y 4.2 words related to technology tinuous / present simple sound / œ / / Λ / 4.3 words about space future continuous tense vs. future perfect tense artices: a / an, the, zero article 4.4 collocations related to technology requests and offers

READING LISTENING SPEAKING WRITING read two paragraphs about the talk about daily routines write an e-mail to a friend CROWDED CITIES daily lives of Marie and Michael discuss about social networks write an e-mail to your best listen to two conversations friend read an article about zombie network read a biography of a teacher in France read a biography about Jimi role play a conversation about Hendrix music genres listen to an interview on a TV show have a discussion about the STREET MUSICIANS differences between your modern life and what life was like 100 years ago read a text about the games and role play a conversation at an gadgets in the past electronic store read a part of the Oliver Twist listen to the story of Oliver Twist write an end to a story using se- story quencing words read the story of Donald Trump talk about your shopping habits read a text about the music write an informal email to a friend CRAFTMEN players in the past about recent changes in your life listen to a conversation between role play a job interview activity Josh an Clarise about a job interview listen to the three dialogues about role play giving excuses giving excuses read Monique’s blog about her listen to a conversation about the write a formal invitation to a graduation party wedding ceremony plans plans for Saturday night read a text about the hazards of discus what is going to change in CELEBRATIONS the fireworks on the environment the future in terms of celebrations read a text about the future of talk about the pros and cons of chocolate eating chocolate regularly listen to the two dialogues about role play shopping situations requests and offers for parties

LESSON VOCABULARY GRAMMAR PRONUNCIATION rhyming words UNIT 5 - WELLNESS - PAGE 80 sounds / 5.1 injuries making deduction: must / can’t 5.2 verbs related to body movement would rather / had better 5.3 verbs related to diet 5.4 separable phrasal verbs expressing lack of necessity and absence of obligation agreeing and disagreeing with an opinion UNIT 6 - CRIME - PAGE 98 6.1 crime and law passive voice short and long “oo” 6.2 verbs + prepositions was supposed to / was going to sound / 6.3 noun making suffixes causative form 6.4 adjective making suffixes guessing phrases UNIT 7 - MOTHER EARTH - PAGE 116 7.1 extreme weather conditions third (unreal) conditional the pronunciation of (t) 7.2 adjectives + prepositions wish clauses: present / past form / d / and / 7.3 binomial pairs all / both / neither / none 7.4 phrasal verbs with “put” expressing sympathy UNIT 8 - MYSTERIES - PAGE 134 8.1 collocations with break gerunds and infinitives pronunciation of long vowels sounds / f / / v / 8.2 commonly missused words reported speech: commands 8.3 three-word phrasal verbs 8.4 strong adjectives reported speech: requests and questions expressing lack of understanding and asking for clarification

READING LISTENING SPEAKING WRITING read a text about honey have a discussion about making your home a safer place read a text about the benefits of listen to the conversation between ask and answer questions about coffee Rob and Duncan about sports training healthy lifestyle listen to the conversation about the write a weekly diet plan YOGA best way to lose weight read a text about a fruitarian’s life talk about the pros and cons of a diet read a text about Al Capone have a discussion about crime in write a newspaper article about read a text about a robbery your country a robbery read text about a five star prison discuss life in prison YAKUZA listen to the two interviews about create a short questionnaire about a prisons famous criminal read text about the Moon have a conversation about life in space listen to the conversation between write a short descriptive paragraph Sara and Josie about their lives about your favourite place read a text about flowers and talk about poisonous plants SUMATRA plants listen to the conversation about talk about unusual pets special pets read a text about Atlantis answer questions about conspiracy theories read a text about conspiracy have a discussion about theories conspiracy theories listen to the two interviews about talk about UFO sightings write a short opinion paragraph UFOS UFOs about UFOs read a text about travelling listen to a phone conversation role play phone conversations abroad

adjective suffixes sentence stress present simple, present continuous, present perfect simple SOCIETY CULTURES WARM UP! VOCABULARY A. Work in pairs and answers the questions. A. Look at words. Notice the endings. What kind of words are they? 1. What countries would you like to travel to? 2. What do you know about the cultures in those beautiful decorative indigenous local nomadic significant wealthy countries? B. Make adjectives from these words using the B. Work with the same partner. What country adjective endings. do you think the people are from? 1. adventure ____________ 12 2. create ____________ 3. delight ____________ 4. magic ____________ 5. sleep ____________ 6. tolerate ____________ 7. fantasy ____________ 3 C. Complete the sentences with adjectives from Exercises A and B. C. Work with the same partner and discuss the questions. 1. I love that dress. It’s ____________. 1. What do you know about the cultures in the 2. It’s getting late. I’m ____________and need to pictures? go to bed. 2. Which culture do you think is similar to yours? 3. I really like that painting. You are very _______. 4. When people move from place to place, they Give reasons. 8 are called ____________. 5. As there are many cultures in the world, we must learn to be more ____________. 6. Is there a place where I can buy a ____________ newspaper? 7. I’m rather ____________. I will try anything once.

PRONUNCIATION 1.1 INFO BOX SOCIETY We stress particular words in each sentence. B. Listen to the sentences again and repeat. We pronounce stressed words slightly stronger. We usually stress content words, C. Work in pairs. Choose a poem, read it and e.g. main verbs, nouns, adjectives. We underline the stressed words. Then read usually do not stress structure words, e.g. your poem to your partner and ask his/her articles, auxiliary verbs, prepositions. For opinion. example, we stress the bold words in this sentence: Student A There was a young boy from Peru Can you help me with my homework when I Who didn’t know what he could do get home? He went into town And ran all around A. Work in pairs and answers the 1.1 Then decided to go to the zoo. questions. Student B There once was a lady from Spain Who thought that she had a pain She looked for a pill Because she was ill Then called up her best friend called Jane. 1. I’ve lived in Mexico since I was twelve. D. Listen to the recording in Exercise B 1.2 2. We always eat dumplings at Chinese New Year. and check your answers. 3. They’re learning how to play cricket. 4. She’s never been to the UK before. 5. A lot is changing in my country at the moment. 6. That was the funniest movie I had ever seen. 9

1.1 SOCIETY READING A.Read the text quickly. Which ideas are mentioned in which paragraphs? Then discuss your answers with a partner. clothing daily life food hairstyles making crafts The Himba Tribe The Himba are indigenous people who are presently living in northern Namibia (southeast Africa) and have lived there since the early 16th century. They are nomadic, moving from one place to another, and possibly the last nomads in Namibia. The Himba are largely animal farmers, keeping sheep and goats, but they measure their wealth by the number of cattle they have. The Himba tribes also grow maize, which they use to make corn flour, and their daily diet is honey, milk, corn and eggs. In the Himba culture, women and young girls are responsible for carrying water, cooking and collecting wood for the fire. They are also known for making beautiful handicrafts baskets and jewellery. The men spend their days looking after the animals and having meetings with other local tribesmen. The clothing and hairstyles of the Himba have made them unique in the area. Traditionally they wear skirts made from the skin of cattle, and they sometimes wear sandals made from car tyres. The Himba are also famous for covering their bodies in red ochre, a red powder made from rocks. From the ochre, the Himba create a paint to put it on their bodies and protect their skin. Himba hairstyles are also significant as they show one’s age and social status. Boys generally wear one plait on the top of their head while girls wear two. After the age of 12 or 13, girls’ hairstyles can change. Once women have married or have given birth to child, they wear a decorative headpiece. Married men wear a special cap and widowed men remove the cap. The Himba are truly a unique people. They have survived many difficult times throughout their history, including wars and long periods of time with no rain. Over the years, the Himba have fought to protect their culture and traditions. Today, they are still working the land of northern Namibia and are continuing to practise their traditions and religion. unique – when something is unique, it is the only one of its kind; special widowed – when a person is widowed, their husband or wife has died 10

B. Read the text. Match the words in bold with 1.1 the pictures. 12 SOCIETY 34 7. The community have lived there for more than 60,000 years. 8. Their lifestyle is become less nomadic. B. Unscramble the words to make questions. Add auxiliary verbs and change the form of the words. 1. dinner / eat / you / for / what / usually What do you usually eat for dinner? 2. you / at / like / what / to / weekends / wear 3. cook / like / what / mother / to / your / does 4. maths / you / now / in / study / what 5. recently / change / life / in / what / your 6. to / you / been / countries / have / what C. Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions in Exercise C. 56 SPEAKING C. Read the text again and answer the questions. A. You are going to interview five classmates. Write six questions, two for each tense in 1. How do the Himba measure how rich they are? the module. 2. What are Himba women responsible for? Present Simple 3. What are Himba men responsible for? 1. 4. What do the Himba usually wear? 2. 5. What is Himba clothing made from? Present Continuous 6. Why do the Himba put ochre on their skin? 3. 7. What changes for Himba girls after they turn 4. Present Perfect 12 or 13 years old? 5. 8. When do Himba men change their hairstyles? 6. GRAMMAR B. Interview two classmates and note their answers. A. Read the sentences and correct the mistakes. C. Work in groups. Tell your group about the 1. Italian people eats a lot of pasta. classmates you interviewed. 2. Many people wearing jackets today. 3. Traditions has become more important to many people recently. 4. They doesn’t live in Africa. 5. Their culture hasn’t change a lot. 6. The country gets richer at the moment. GRAMMAR BANK p. 153-154 11

compound nouns subject/object questions SOCIETY HOUSING WARM UP! B. Listen to Martin, Lisa and Tara 1.3 talking. Who lives in which house? A. Work in pairs. Look at the pictures of the houses. Discuss the questions. C. Work in groups. Talk about the house you live in. 1. Where do you think these houses are? 2. What do you think they are made from? VOCABULARY 3. Which of these houses would you like to live in? Why? INFO BOX We can create compound nouns by joining two nouns together, e.g. bathroom, sailboat, seashell. A. Work in pairs. Match the words to make compound nouns. 1. life a. bringing 2. foot b. food 3. main c. land 4. market d. place 5. sea e. print 6. sea f. shore 7. up g. style B. Write any three of the compound nouns from Exercise A. Look them up in a dictionary. Then talk with your classmates and find the definition of the other compound nouns. C. Work in pairs. Write a short story using the compound nouns in Exercise A. Then share your story with other groups. 12

1.2 SOCIETY READING A. Read the text quickly. Which title goes with which paragraph? a. Story of the Bajau c. Meet the Bajau b. Character and education of the Bajau d. Daily life for the Bajau The Bajau 1 ___ The Bajau communities of people live around Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines. The Bajau are special because of their unique way of life – nearly all of them live their whole life in the ocean without ever setting foot on the seashore, without ever seeing their footprint in the sand. The only time the Bajau go ashore is to go to the marketplace to trade seafood for rice, water and other staples. 2 ___ Many Bajau spend their days travelling on small wooden boats, fishing for octopus, lobster, fish and other sea animals. They live with their families and extended family in ‘ocean villages’, a collection of homes built on stilts (long pieces of wood) above the ocean. Many people call them ‘sea gypsies’ as they are nomadic, moving from place to place on the ocean. 3 ___ How the Bajau started living on the ocean, no one quite knows. Most Bajau believe they originally lived on the mainland and worked for a king. As the story goes, the king’s daughter went missing and the Bajau were told to go and find her. Although they looked everywhere for her, they could not locate the king’s daughter. Scared to return to the king without his daughter, they decided to continue their nomadic lifestyle on the ocean. 4 ___ The people who have met the Bajau describe them as friendly, peaceful and hospitable. They continue to live around Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines, surviving by fishing and trading. Because of their nomadic lifestyle, many Bajau are not educated and are quite poor by modern standards. The upbringing of Bajau children does not involve education as we know it. Instead it involves learning to fish and understand the movement of the tides. staples: basic foods hospitable: when you are hospitable, you are friendly to visitors and guests 13

1.2 C. Answer for the questions with your own SOCIETY ideas. Which questions are asking about a subject? Which are asking about an object? B. Read the text about the Bajau people and answer the questions below. 1. Who likes pizza? 1. Where do the Bajau live? 2. What did Alex make? 2. How do the Bajau get rice? 3. Who knows how to swim? 3. In what way are their houses different? 4. What do you like to do? 4. What do some people call the Bajau? 5. What are you watching? 5. Why do people believe the Bajau live in the 6. Who does Miki need to meet? ocean? SPEAKING 6. What are the Bajau people like? 7. What is their upbringing like? A. Read the questions. Make some notes. C. Work in pairs. Discuss the following 1. What do you think is interesting about the statements and tell your partner if you agree Bajau way of life? with them or not. Give reasons. 2. What do you think is difficult about the Bajau 1. Living with an extended family is interesting. way of life? 2. Living a nomadic lifestyle is better than living in 3. What do you think is a typical day for a Bajau a city. child? 3. I can learn to survive on an isolated island. 4. Would you like to live like the Bajau? Why? GRAMMAR B. Work in groups and discuss your answers to A. Work in pairs. Read the sentence and questions. What is the difference between the questions in Exercise A. questions a and b? John saw Katy yesterday. C. Make a group presentation to the class. a. Who saw Katy yesterday? Everyone in the group should say two or b. Who did John see yesterday? three sentences. B. Write questions about words in bold. 1. Lisa is going to the market with someone. 2. Someone is going to the cinema with Martin. 3. Assam broke something. 4. Someone is singing. 5. They love swimming. 6. They have bought something. 14 GRAMMAR BANK p. 154

1.2 SOCIETY WRITING INFO BOX A paragraph usually has the following parts: 1. topic sentence (main idea) 2. supporting ideas 3. concluding sentence A. Read the sample text below and underline the topic sentence (the main idea) in the text. Amish people are traditional people who are known for having a simple lifestyle. Amish people dress in plain clothes and do not often use modern technology. Although food is very important in Amish communities, it is also very simple. Overall, Amish people have a quiet and basic way of life. B. Work in pairs. Number the sentences (1–4) to make a paragraph. ___ Bushmen are members of a hunter-gatherer society. ___ Generally, they have a lifestyle that has not changed much over the centuries. ___ They are the oldest inhabitants of southern Africa. ___ They gather herbs to make medication and plants as a food source. C. Write a short paragraph about your society using the same structure as the text in Exercise A. 15

negative prefixes indirect questions and requests SOCIETY CELEBRATIONS WARM UP! B. Complete the sentences with the words in Exercise A. Look up the words in a dictionary A. Work in pairs. Watch the videos and answer if you need to. the questions. 1. I found the doctor very __________. He wasn’t P nice at all. 1. What do you know about the celebrations in 2. Sometimes your work is good. Sometimes it the videos? isn’t. That’s very __________. 2. Which video is most interesting? Why? 3. Eating pizza with pineapple on it is very 3. What celebrations do you like most in your __________ for me. culture? 4. It’s important not to be __________. Always tell the truth. VOCABULARY 5. That’s __________. It’s doesn’t make any INFO BOX sense to me. We use a prefix at the beginning of a word 6. You got the highest marks in the class. You only to change its meaning. Some prefixes have had one __________ answer. negative meanings. Look at the examples: C. Work in pairs. Think of other adjectives with dis-: disloyal (= not legal) the negative prefixes from Exercise A. in- : inappropriate (= not appropriate) il- : illegal (= not legal) LISTENING ir- : irresponsible (= not responsible) im- : impossible (= not possible) A. Read the behaviours. Are they polite or un- : unfriendly (= not friendly) impolite in your country? being on time for a party leaving a tip at a restaurant talking with your hands in your pockets blowing your nose in public showing thumbs-up wearing your shoes inside A. Match the negative prefix to the words to make new words. 1. dis- a. logical 2. im- b. usual 3. il- c. regular 4. in- d. honest 5. ir- e. correct 6. un- f. polite 16

1.3 SOCIETY B. Listen to the conversation and 1.4 Direct question Indirect question underline the places you hear. Can you tell me why Why are people hanging people are hanging up Brazil Germany Japan South up lights? lights? China Italy South America Africa Is there any cake left? I was wondering if South Korea there was any cake left. C. Listen again and mark the sentences true (T) A. Work in pairs. Change the direct questions to or false (F). Then compare your answers with indirect questions. Use the phrases to help a classmate. you. 1. The name of the show is ‘Culture, Culture’. ___ Can you tell me … Do you know … 2. Keiko and Bruno are talking about what is Would it be possible … impolite in different countries. ___ 3. For Keiko, it is not important to cover your I was wondering … I’d like to know … mouth when laughing. ___ 1. When does Chinese New Year start? 4. Some cultures think talking with your hands in 2. What is the most important holiday in your your pockets is unusual. ___ country? 5. It is important to be on time for a party in 3. Where are you going to have the party? 4. Do you want to come to my house for Diwali? Brazil. ___ 5. How do I get to your house? 6. Bruno thinks being fashionably late is illogical. 6. Are you going to dress up for Halloween? ___ GRAMMAR INFO BOX We use indirect questions when we want to sound more polite. 17

1.3 SPEAKING SOCIETY A. Work in pairs. What do you know about East- ern and Western culture? Put the phrases in B. Read the indirect questions and correct the the diagram. mistakes. 1. Do you know when does his train arrive? conservative behaviour Do you know when the train arrives? dedicated to company 2. Do you have any idea where your sister? family life for woman 3. I was wonder if we could have the party on focus on family Saturday. focus on self 4. I’d like to know you want to come to dinner. leisurely life attitude living on your own 5. Could you tell me why the music hasn’t start living with family yet? moderate beliefs people-oriented 6. Would it be possible change the time of the dinner? professional life for woman open with behaviour 7. Is there chance we could meet on Saturday? time-oriented strict beliefs C. Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions. Remember that there is more than one possible answer. Eastern culture Both Western culture B. Work in groups and compare your answers. Are they the same? Add any new information to the diagram in Exercise A. C. Work in the same group and discuss the following questions. 1. Is your country part of Eastern or Western culture? 2. What do you think are good things about each culture? 3. Which culture is more attractive for you? Why? 18 GRAMMAR BANK p. 155

1.3 SOCIETY WRITING INFO BOX When we write an email or send a message to a friend, we use informal writing. For informal writing, we use: informal greeting, e.g. Hi there, Hello contractions, e.g. he’s, she’ll, isn’t informal closing, e.g. See you later, Got to go now simple sentences simple conjunctions, e.g. but, and, or lots of adjectives phrasal verbs, a friendly tone e.g. give back, come over, look after slang or idioms, e.g. What’s up?, cost an arm and a leg A. Think about your culture. What values or behaviours are important to the people in your country? B. Compare your answers with a classmate. Talk about why the values and behaviour are important. C. A friend is coming to visit your country. Write a short, informal email to your friend telling him/her how to behave in your country. Hi, _______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ Love. 19

foreign words in English starting and ending a conversation (small talk) SOCIETY LANGUAGE WARM UP! VOCABULARY A. Work in pairs and answer the following A. Label the pictures with the words. questions. coffee chocolate jazz orange 1. How many words are there in the English gallery pyjamas jeans banana language? 12 a. 500,000 b. 1 million 34 c. 2 million 2. Which language has influenced English the most? a. Greek b. German c. Latin 3. Which word has a Latin origin? a. circle b. market c. fest 56 7 8 B. Listen to the recording and check your 1.5 answers in Exercise A. 20

B. The words in Exercise A come from different 1.4 languages. Work in pairs and guess which language they come from. SOCIETY Language / Country of origin Word(s) C. Listen to the conversations again. Complete the sentences about Marta, Troy, Adel and African __________________ Leyla. Arabic __________________ Indian __________________ 1. Troy’s friend has recently moved back to the Italian __________________ city. Spanish __________________ 2. _______ had a lazy weekend. 3. _______ did chores on Saturday. 4. _______ asks Leyla about breakfast. 5. _______ enjoys hot chocolate. 6. _______ is staying in a big room. C. Listen and check your answers in 1.6 Exercise B. LISTENING INFO BOX Remember! Small talk is a short, polite and informal conversation about unimportant topics. A. Listen to the conversations. What 1.7 are the topics? Conversation 1: ____________ Conversation 2: ____________ B. Listen to the conversations again 1.7 and complete the sentences. Conversation 1 1. I met up with an old _______ at the weekend. We spent Saturday afternoon talking over _______. 2. She’s got her own clothing _______. 3. I spent most of the day in my _______, cleaning up around the house, listening to _______, things like that. Conversation 2 4. Thanks for _______ today. 5. I had an _______ and banana on the plane, and a cup of hot _______. 6. The _______ is great and the room is really _______. 21

1.4 SPEAKING SOCIETY GRAMMAR INFO BOX A. Complete the conversation with the 1.8 phrases. Then listen and check your Small talk is an important skill in all answers. languages. We use small talk to make polite conversation at work, at parties, on How have you been transport, etc. With small talk, it is good to See you soon. know how to start and end a conversation. it’s only October I better be going A. Work in pairs. Read the conversation. I haven’t seen you in ages Underline the phrases for starting and Aside from the weather of course. ending the conversation. It’ll be a cold winter this year. A: Hi! I haven’t seen you in ages. A: Hi, ____________________________________ B: Yes. It’s been a really long time. ________________________________________! A: What have you been up to? B: I know. _________________________________ B: I’ve been working a lot. And I just moved house. ________________________________________? A: Great! It sounds like you’ve been pretty busy. A: Great. _________________________________ B: Yes, very. Well, nice to see you again. ________________________________________. A: You too. I’d better get going. B: Yes, it’s terrible at the moment and __________ ________________________________________. B. Look at the phrases. Do we use them to start A: I know. It’s terrible. _______________________ or end a conversation? Write S or E. ________________________________________. B: Yes, I think so. Anyway, ____________________ 1. I haven’t seen you in ages. ___ ________________________________________. A: OK. ___________________________________. 2. I better be going. ___ B. Go to page 169 and choose a role-play card. 3. Did you have a good trip? ___ Role play a short conversation with your partner. 4. See you soon. ___ C. With your partner, decide on two small-talk 5. How was your weekend? ___ topics. Then role play the conversations. Remember to use the phrases for starting 6. It’s been a long time. ___ and ending small talk conversations. 7. Let’s get down to business. ___ 8. I should get to work. ___ C. Match the phrases in Exercise B with the possible situations. a. seeing an old friend b. going on a business trip c. arriving at the office d. talking at a party 22 GRAMMAR BANK p. 155

1.4 SOCIETY WRITING A. Work in groups. Write a conversation using small talk. Follow the instructions. 1. Each of you should take out a piece of paper. 2. Each of you should start the conversation and pass it to the left. 3. The next person adds the next line in the conversation, and then passes it to the left again. 4. Continue this until you have four complete conversation. B. Exchange your conversation with another group. Read the conversations and correct any errors. Then return the conversation to the original group. C. In your groups, choose two of the conversations to act out for the class. Which conversation was the best? Who were the best actors? 23

CROWDED CITIES A. Watch the video and research the topic on B. Work in pairs. Brainstorm, do research and the internet. Use the following questions prepare a list of questions about the topic. as a guideline and write a report of 80-100 Find a documentary about crowded cities and words about the topic. watch it with your partner. Take notes about the crowded cities in the documentary. Try 1. What are some crowded cities in the world? to answer the questions you prepared with 2. What are the advantages of living in a crowded your partner. city? C. Prepare a presentation about the crowded 3. What are the disadvantages of living in a cities at home. Use the report in exercise A, questions, answers and your notes crowded city? in exercise B. You can also show some 4. Would you prefer living in a crowded city or in pictures during your presentation. Do your presentation in class to share your a distant town? Why? information about crowded cities in general 5. How many people live in the most crowded and in the documentary. city in the world? 6. How would you describe the architecture of a crowded city? 7. Do you feel safe when you are living in a crowded city? 8. How would you improve a crowded city if you were in charge of it? 9. What is the most preferred mode of transportation in a crowded city? 10. Do you think is it a must for crowded cities to be cosmopolitan? Why or why not? 24

A. Read the sentences and choose the correct UNIT 1 option in italics. REVISION BOX 1. I think Jane is doing / making progress in her D. Read the questions and write S for subject lessons. She got an A+ from maths. questions or O for the object questions. 2. His cousin is doing / making time in prison. 1. Who gave you that necklace for your birthday? 3. Can you do / make me a favour and take the ___ kids from school this afternoon? 2. What disturbed you when you were taking the 4. He would like to do / make an appointment for exam? ___ a project meeting. 3. Who did you write a letter of complaint to? 5. I’m sure you will do / make your best to finish ___ this work on time. 4. Who called you at 5 am last week? ___ 6. She does / makes a big profit from selling 5. What did you dream about last night? ___ 6. What happened during the party last night? homemade foods. ___ B. Read the sentences and choose the correct 7. What did you buy this morning? ___ option in italics. E. Rewrite the direct questions below in 1. His parents were literate / illiterate people but indirect forms. he had a good education. 1. “Where do you come from?” 2. Everybody in the family is annoyed with his I’d like to know … moral / immoral behaviours. 2. “Did you see Patrick yesterday?” Can you tell me … 3. You should do regular / irregular exercise to be 3. “Could you take us to the office today?” fit and healthy. Would it be possible … 4. “What are you cooking for dinner?” 4. I always feel happy / unhappy whenever I I was wondering … remember that accident. 5. “Where is the hospital?” Do you know … 5. We are working for a profit / non-profit organisation. 25 6. He was accused of being loyal / disloyal to his wife. C. Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1. Simon _________ (catch) the same subway every morning. 2. My brother _________ (fly) to Sidney today. 3. She _________ (write) more than fifty poems so far. 4. Andy _________ (save) some money because he _________ (travel) to London next month. 5. Laura is angry because the party is about to begin but her fiancé _________ (not / arrive) yet. 6. The bus _________ (leave) at 5.30 pm.

easily confused words syllables narrative tenses (past simple vs. past continuous) NOSTALGIA OLDIES BUT GOLDIES WARM UP! C. Work in pairs. Make your own band. Then tell the class about your band. A. How many different kinds of music do you Name: ____________________ know? Type of music: ____________________ Number of people: ____________________ B. Work in pairs. Listen and answer the 2.1 Instruments: ____________________ questions. 1. What type of music is it ? VOCABULARY A. Work in pairs. Look the pairs of words. What is the difference between the words? 1. affect – effect 5. seen – scene 2. by – buy 6. tour – tore 3. later – latter 7. than – then 4. role – roll 8. which – witch B. Write six sentences using the words in Exercise A, but leave a gap for each of the words. Then swap your sentences with a partner and choose the best words to complete them. C. Work in pairs. Look at the list of words and write the words they are easily confused with. Then share your answers in groups. classical disco house jazz rock 1. all ready ____________ already 2. Which one do you like most? Why? 2. lose ____________ loose 3. What is your favourite type of music? 4. Who is your favourite singer? 3. meat ____________ meet 26 4. miner ____________ minor 5. quiet ____________ quite 6. to ____________ too

2.1 NOSTALGIA PRONUNCIATION READING INFO BOX A. Read the text quickly and write the dates. A syllable is a unit of speech that is either a Dates Events whole word or one of the parts into which Hendrix born a word can be separated. It usually contains Hendrix gets first guitar one vowel sound. For example, water has two Hendrix leaves the army syllables and beautiful has three syllables. Hendrix moved to London Hendrix performed at Woodstock A. Listen to the words and put them 2.2 Hendrix died into the correct column. album band guitar important joined musical performance style single One Two Three syllable syllables syllables B. How many syllables are there iṅ the followiṅ g words? Then look up the words in the dictionary to check your answers. How many did you guess correctly? 1. career _______________ 2. creative _______________ 3. different _______________ 4. electric _______________ 5. explore _______________ 6. idea _______________ C. Think of three more words with two syllables and three more with three syllables. Say them to a partner and your partner must say the number of syllables and write the correct syllables. 27

2.1 B. Read the text and answer the questions. NOSTALGIA 1. How did Hendrix practise before he Nostalgia got his first guitar? Jimi Hendrix was one of the most creative musicians 2. How did Hendrix start to become of the 20th century. Hendrix explored the musical famous? possibilities of the electric guitar and created a new musical style. In a short time, he rose to the top of the 3. What was the name of Hendrix’s first music world, leaving his effect on other musicians. hit single? Born in Seattle in 1942, Hendrix took an interest in 4. What was the biggest moment in music at a young age, practising first with a broom and Hendrix’s career? then later a ukulele. Although he could not read music, Hendrix taught himself to play the guitar. He listened to 5. In the last paragraph, the writer the blues and rock-n-roll artists of the time – B.B King, says, ‘… it seemed there would be no Muddy Waters, Robert Johnson – and got his ideas about stopping Hendrix.’ What do you think how to play from them. the writer means? Later, in 1958, Hendrix got an acoustic guitar, and within C. Look at the words in bold in the text a few weeks, joined his first band, The Velvetones. After and try to guess their meaning. Then three months, Hendrix left the band to follow his own match the words to their definitions. musical interests. In the summer of 1959, he got his first electric guitar and joined a band called The Rocking a. album 1. ___ to find out more Kings. b. creative about something c. explored Two years later, Hendrix joined the army. He left the d. fame 2. ___ a position in a army in 1962 and began working as a guitarist for many e. role group or organisation different musical acts through to 1965. He then formed f. single his own band, Jimmy James and The Blue Flames, and for 3. ___ a record or CD that the first time took the role of lead guitarist. The band has a main song played in many small places around New York City and Hendrix’s fame quickly grew. 4. ___ being well known by many people By 1967, Hendrix had formed a new band in London because of your skills called The Jimi Hendrix Experience. Their first album, which was called Are You Experienced, appeared that year, 5. ___ having interesting and the first hit single from the album, ‘Hey Joe’, rose to or unusual ideas number six on the UK music charts. 6. ___ a collection of In the same year, Hendrix performed in the US at a pop several songs made festival. The audience loved the performance and The available on CD, the Jimi Hendrix Experience quickly became one of the most internet, etc. popular touring acts in the world. They released two more albums until the band broke up in 1969. The high point of Hendrix’s career was his performance of ‘The Star Spangled Banner’ at the Woodstock Music Festival. A reporter on the scene at the time wrote that Hendrix’s performance that day was ‘probably the single greatest moment of the sixties’. After Woodstock, it seemed there would be no stopping Hendrix. He continued to tour throughout 1969 and 1970, until Hendrix’s unfortunate death in London on 18 September 1970 at the age of 27. 28

GRAMMAR 2.1 A. Read the sentences a–c. Then read the rules NOSTALGIA below and circle the correct options. SPEAKING a. The electricity went out while I was listening to music. A. Work in pairs. What do you know about these types of music? How would you define these b. When you called me, I was practising the types of music? piano. punk rock heavy metal c. The band came on stage and the crowd went crazy. reggae disco 1. We use simple past / past continuous for hip-hop blues completed actions in the past. B. Listen to the conversation between 2.3 2. We use simple past / past continuous for Adrian and Gita then answer the ongoing actions in the past. questions. B. Read the sentences in Exercise A again and 1. What kind of music are they going to listen to? answer the questions. 2. What kind of music did Gita like when she was 1. Which action started first in sentence a? a teenager? 2. Which tenses are used in the sentences? 3. What kind of music did Adrian like when he 3. What is the difference between sentences b was a teenager? and c? 4. Who likes classical music? Hip-hop? 5. What are the names of the hip-hop artists C. There are mistakes in each sentence. Rewrite the sentences correctly. mentioned? 1. I practised the piano when you called. C. Write three kinds of music you like and three 2. I was starting playing the guitar when I was kinds you dislike. Then work with a partner. five. Pretend you are at place getting ready to lis- ten to music have a conversation like Adrian 3. They were being very angry about the CD sales. and Gita. 4. I came home, had shower and was listening to Student A Hi … What are you doing here? I music. didn’t know you liked … 5. I sang the new song when you called me. Student B … Hello. Listening to … is something new for me. I’m 6. My friends arrived while I danced. really starting to like it. GRAMMAR BANK p. 156 29

phrasal verbs with come be/get used to NOSTALGIA 1950’s WARM UP! A. Complete the phrasal verbs with come using the words in the box. A. Watch the videos and answer the questions. back by out over 1. What decade do you think it was in each video? through up with 2. What do you think life was like during those decades? 1. come _____________: to become available 2. come _____________: to get 3. come _____________: to think of an idea 4. come _____________: to visit someone 5. come _____________: to return 6. come _____________: to succeed in doing something B. Work in pairs. Think about the previous B. Complete the sentences with the phrasal decades. Write what you know about them. verbs from Exercise A. Make sure you use the Then share your answers in groups . correct form of the phrasal verbs. 2000-2009 1. The first mobile phone ________________ in 1990-1999 1973. 1980-1989 1970-1979 2. My children used to ________________ home every Christmas. VOCABULARY 3. Steve Jobs ________________ the idea for his INFO BOX computer in 1976. Phrasal verbs are a group of words that 4. ________________ and we can watch a classic function as a verb. They are made up of a movie together. verb + a preposition or an adverb or both. Thanks for coming with me to the party. (to 5. We ________________ and won the match. go together with someone) 6. In the early 1980s, home computers were very I come down with a cold every winter. (to get sick) hard to ________________. 30 C. Work in groups. Take turns to make sentences phrasal verbs from Exercise A. How many sentences can you make with each phrasal verb?

LISTENING 2.2 A. Look at the photos from Nancy’s life in the NOSTALGIA 1950s. What do you think her life was like? C. Listen to the interview again and circle the correct answers. 1. How old was Nancy in the 1950s? a. in her 20s b. in her 30s c. in her 40s 2. After World War II, many women a. kept working b. went to university c. became housewives again 3. Nancy’s son was called a. James b. Joey c. Joseph 4. Colour TVs were a. easy to buy b. difficult to buy c. very cheap 5. People came over to watch TV at Nancy’s house a. on Friday b. on Saturday c. on Sunday B. Now listen to an interview with 2.4 Nancy and put the sentences in the order that you hear them. Write 1–6. a. ___ And for me, the 50s was a great decade. b. ___ Colour televisions were just coming out. c. ___ And found the shows the television networks came up with so interesting. d. ___ Our men came back from World War II, which was wonderful. e. ___ In fact, we were the only people in my family to have a colour TV. f. ___ Many women were happy to be back in the home. 31

2.2 NOSTALGIA GRAMMAR INFO BOX Be careful – be/get used to and used to are often confused. I used to hate cooking for my family. (But she doesn’t hate it now.) Now I’m used to cooking for my family. (I’m accustomed to cooking now.) A. Read the sentences. Circle the correct options to complete the rules. a. I wasn’t used to being a housewife. b. Most nights I was too scared to sleep but then I got used to it. c. I was used to living alone so I didn’t want to get married. d. I’m sure I’ll get used to living with my roommates. 1. We use be used to / get used to when we are accustomed to something and are familiar with it. 2. We use be used to / get used to when we are becoming accustomed to something. 3. After be used to and get used to we can use a gerund / infinitive. 4. We can / cannot use be used to and get used to with past and future tenses. B. Complete the sentences with be used to or get used to. Make sure you use the correct tense. 1. It might be difficult at the start, but you’ll _____________ it quickly. 2. He _____________ the cold weather yet because he comes from Australia. 3. _____________ you _____________ driving on the left? 4. My grandmother _____________ using her smartphone yet. She only got it last week. 5. Michael _____________ still _____________ living in New York. 6. Living in the countryside can be challenging, but I’m sure you’ll _____________ it. 32

2.2 NOSTALGIA C. Use the prompts below to ask questions with be used to or get used to. 1. get used to / the weather here 2. be used to / wake up early 3. when / get used to / use a smartphone 4. be used to / take public transport 5. get used to / live in the city 6. be used to / dinner this late SPEAKING A. Think about your life between the ages of 12 and 20. What was your life like? What kind of music/films/ books/activities/etc. did you like? Make notes and then talk about your life with a partner. B. Work with the same partner and dis- cuss the differences between your modern life and what life was like 100 years ago. C. Work in pairs. Student A go to page 170 and Student B go to page 171. Read the role-play cards and role play the situation. GRAMMAR BANK p. 156 33

/g/ and /k/ relative pronouns and clauses NOSTALGIA CHILDHOOD WARM UP! VOCABULARY A. Work in pairs and discuss the questions. INFO BOX 1. What games did you used to play as a child? Collective nouns are countable nouns that 2. What games did children used to play in the we can use to talk about a group of people, animals or things. 1970s? a crowd of people 3. What gadgets did you use to have? a swarm of bees a basket of fruit B. Look at the pictures and answer the questions. A. Match the collective nouns to the things. Write the correct letters in the spaces. 12 1. ___ an army of a. islands 2. ___ a bowl of b. ice cream 3. ___ a bunch of c. shoes 4. ___ a cloud of d. bananas 5. ___ a group of e. ants 6. ___ a pair of f. dust 3 1. Which of these games did you play as a child? 2. Which of these do you still play? 3. Which of these do you think will be played by your children? 34

2.3 NOSTALGIA B. Unscramble the letters and write the B. Listen and circle the correct words. 2.5 collective nouns. 1. anchor / anger 6. cap / gap 2. back / bag 7. coat / goat 3. block / blog 8. hack / hag 4. cane / gain 9. cold / gold 5. card / guard 10. pick / pig 1. (cked) ________ 2. (ilpe) ________ of C. Work in pairs. Take turns saying words from of cards leaves Exercise B. Tell your partner whether it has a /g/ sound or /k/ sound. 3. (grane) ________ 4. (doal) ________ of of mountains clothes READING A. Read the text quickly. In which paragraph are these gadgets mentioned? ___ MSN Messenger ___ TalkBoy ___ Nintendo Game Boy ___ Tamagotchi 5. (eletf) ________ of 6. (mate) ________ of lorries horses C. Work in pairs. Think of three more collective nouns. Swap them with another pair and make sentences. VOCABULARY A. Work in pairs. Take turns reading one word from each pair and see if your partner can guess the word. 1. bag – back 4. log – lock 2. girl – curl 5. gold – cold 3. anger – anchor 6. guard – card 35

2.3 B. Read the text again. Then read the sentences and circle T (true) or F NOSTALGIA (false). OLDIES 1. We still have the same gadgets T / F we had in the 1980s and Do you remember the gadgets you used to use as 1990s. a child? With an increase in the number of homes with computers and technology spreading across 2. The Tamagotchi was a kind of T / F the world, the 1980s and 1990s was a unique time pet. for games and gadgets. Sadly, many of these do not exist anymore. 3. The Tamagotchi first appeared T / F in North America. The Tamagotchi was one of the most popular gadgets for 90s kids. It was a small electronic pet 4. Tetris was a very popular T / F that you fed small bowls of food and took care gadget. of. The Tamagotchi, which was first sold in Japan, quickly spread across the world in the mid to late 5. MSN Messenger is now a T / F 1990s. competitor of Facebook. Another favourite was, of course, the Nintendo 6. The TalkBoy became well T / F Game Boy. Do you remember when you could known because of a film. spend a load of time playing Tetris on your Game Boy? Tetris was a simple game where you had to fit C. Read the text again and answer a bunch of different coloured and shaped blocks the questions about the popular together. All you needed was a pair of thumbs gadgets from the 1990s. and you could play forever. The Nintendo Game Boy came onto the market in the late 1980s and 1. What did you do with your Tamagot- soon became a favourite amongst young people. chi? And who could forget MSN Messenger? Although 2. How did you play Tetris? MSN Messenger is no longer active, it was the main social networking gadget of the 90s. It was a place 3. What was MSN Messenger used for? where you could chat with a group of friends and make new friends. MSN Messenger faded into 4. What could you do with the TalkBoy? history because of new and more interactive applications like Facebook and Skype. GRAMMAR Finally, there was the TalkBoy. The Home Alone INFO BOX films made this gadget famous and in the early 1990s, it was released to the public. The TalkBoy We use relative clauses to give was a device that used a cassette tape to make more information about a person, recordings. All the kids who had a TalkBoy could thing, place or time. We introduce slow down and speed up recordings they made. relative clauses with the relative pronouns who(m), which, that, With new technology will come a range of new whose, where and when. gadgets. Yes, we must say goodbye to our favourite gadgets of the past and move forward. And it seems that the future will bring us many more exciting new devices to enjoy. 36

He’s the boy who has lots of gadgets. 2.3 The man who(m)/that I live next to is a gamer. NOSTALGIA I have a TalkBoy that/which still works. SPEAKING My mum, who* dislikes gadgets, prefers that I read A. Work in pairs. Read the sentences. Think of a a book word that can replace the underlined words. This TalkBoy, which* is over 20 years old, still works. 1. My favourite electronic device is my I know the woman whose son has three Game Boys. smartphone. 2. Where did you purchase it? That’s the shop where you can buy old electronic 3. Wow! A 50% discount. gadgets. 4. That sounds awesome. 5. It was really inexpensive. My eleventh birthday was the day when I got my 6. That’s my favourite store. first Game Boy. 1. gadget Note: that after a comma, we can only use who(m) 2. buy or which. 3. savings 4. fantastic A. Read the sentences. Compare them and 5. cheap answer the questions. 6. shop a. It was a small electronic pet that fed small B. Answer the questions. bowls of food and took care of. 1. What gadgets did you have in the past? b. The Tamagotchi, which was first sold in Japan, quickly spread across the world in 2. What are your favourite gadgets these days? the mid to late 1990s. 3. What do you use these gadgets for? 1. Can you find the relative clauses in the sentences above? Underline them. 4. Where do you usually buy your gadgets? 2. In which sentence does the meaning of the 5. How much money do you usually spend on sentence change or become unclear when you gadgets every year? leave the relative clause out? C. Stand up and find a partner. Pretend you are 3. Is the part between the commas essential to the sentence in example b? at a party and are talking about your favourite gadgets. Use your notes from Exercise B to B. Usethecorrectrelativepronounstocomplete help you. You can start your conversation the relative clauses in the sentences. like this: 1. My son is the boy ____________ is playing and Iris : Hi Ben. What are you doing? not talking to anyone. Ben : Oh, hi Iris. I’m just sending a message. Iris : You love your phone, don’t you? What 2. These are all the gadgets ____________ belong to my brother. other gadgets do you like? Ben : Beside my phone, I love my … 3. My cousin, ____________ is a gamer on Iris : I’d like to get one of those. Where I can YouTube, started playing games when he was five. I buy …? 4. This Game Boy, ____________ I bought when I was 12, is now worth a lot of money. 5. That’s the shop ____________ I buy all my gadgets. 6. 1996 was the year ____________ I entered my first Game Boy competition. GRAMMAR BANK p. 157 37

transition words using sequence words to tell a story NOSTALGIA FAIRY TALES WARM UP! C. Work in pairs. Think of an idea for a simple story. Write the main characters and what A. Work in pairs. Look at these pictures from happens in the story. Then share your story famous children’s stories and answer the with the class. questions. VOCABULARY 1. Can you match the names of the stories to the pictures? A. Look at the transition words and put them in the mind map. 2. What do you know about the stories? Rapunzel Cinderella as a consequence moreover also as a result on the other hand however contrast effect/result Alice in wonderland Red Riding Hood transition words addition B. Work in groups and discuss the questions. also 1. What was your favourite story as a child? 2. Who were the main characters? 3. What happened in the story? 38

2.4 NOSTALGIA B. Complete the sentences with the transition B. Listen to the story of Oliver Twist 2.6 words from Exercise A. and put the events in the correct 1. When Cinderella was young, she liked walking order. in the woods. _________, she enjoyed caring for and feeding the animals. ___ Oliver worked for an undertaker. 2. Cinderella’s step-mother was very mean. ___ Oliver met Fagin. _________, Cinderella was forced to do all the housework. ___ Oliver’s mother died. 3. Cinderella was invited to the prince’s ball. ___ Oliver and Mr Brownlow lived in the _________, her step-mother would not let her countryside. go. ___ Some kind women took care of Oliver. 4. On one hand, Rapunzel’s mother said she was protecting her. _________, we all knew that ___ Oliver lived in a workhouse. she was not Rapunzel’s real mother. ___ Oliver ran away to London. 5. Wendy is on the pirate ship and is going to be killed. Luckily, Peter is _________ on the ship, ___ Mr Brownlow took care of Oliver. planning to save her. 6. The wolf was dressed in her grandmother’s night clothes, and _________, Red Riding Hood could not recognise her. C. Work in pairs. Retell your favourite story from Warm Up Exercise B to your partner. Try to use the transition words from Exercise A to help you. LISTENING A. Look at the words and match them to their definitions. 1. orphan a. a person who organises funerals 2. tease b. to say something bad 3. chimney sweeper about someone 4. undertaker c. to receive money after someon dies 5. insult d. a person who cleans 6. pickpocket chimneys 7. handkerchief e. to make fun of and laugh at someone 8. inherit f. a piece of cloth used to blow your nose g. a child who does not have parents h. someone who steals things from someone’s pocket 39

2.4 NOSTALGIA C. Listen to the story again and answer the questions. 1. Where did Oliver live after his mother died? 2. Why was Oliver teased? 3. Why did Oliver run away from the undertaker? 4. What did Fagin teach orphans to do? 5. What did Oliver see happen to Mr Brownlow? 6. Who was Monks? 7. Why did he want to capture Oliver? 8. What did Mr. Brownlow do at the end? GRAMMAR A. Read the sentences from Oliver’s story. Do you think they go at the beginning, middle or end of the story? Why? a. Eventually, the old man, Mr Brownlow, found Oliver and adopted him. b. Initially, he lived in a home for young orphans. c. After that, he moved to a workhouse for adults. B. Read the sentences and decide if they are correct or incorrect. Correct the sentences that are incorrect. 1. First of all, he took his keys. 2. Initially, he walked over to the front door. 3. As soon he saw the window open, he understood what had happened. 4. He looked inside and saw that his TV was gone. 5. He than took out his phone and he called the police. 6. Eventually, the police arrived. C. Work in pairs. Student A go to page 157 and Student B go to page 158. Look at the pictures and tell your partner what happened. Remember to use the sequencing words. 40 GRAMMAR BANK p. 157

2.4 NOSTALGIA WRITING A. Read the story and underline the sequencing words. My husband and I had an amazing holiday last Christmas, but of course, there were some difficulties along the way. First of all, we stayed on a beautiful tropical island in Thailand. We relaxed on the beach for six days. After that, we had to get back to Bangkok before Christmas. We decided to travel by a private plane. It was a hot and humid day when we left the island. We took a boat to the mainland and then we met the pilot of the plane. I felt very anxious about flying but when we took off, I started to relax. The view from my window was unbelievable ... Then, ........ ...................................................................... B. Which words in Exercise A are synonyms for these words? a. afraid b. stunning c. exclusive d. troubles e. loosen up f. warm g. moist C. Now use your imagination and write the end of the story. Remember to use sequencing words. Then share your endings in groups. ...... Then ................................................... .................................................................... .................................................................... .................................................................... 41

STREET MUSICIANS A. Watch the video and do some research about B. Work in pairs. Brainstorm, do research and street musicians on the internet. Use the fol- prepare a list of questions about street lowing questions as a guideline and write a musicians. Find street musicians in your report of 80-100 words about the topic. city and watch their performance at the weekend. Make an interview with them. 1. What is street music? Record the interview or take notes. Discover street musicians in real life. 2. What instruments does street music usually include? C. Prepareapresentationaboutstreetmusicians at home. Use the report in exercise A and 3. How much does a street musician generally your notes about the interview in exercise make a day? B. You can also show some pictures or play the recording during your presentation. 4. Have you ever seen the performance of street Do your presentation in class to share your musicians? experience with street musicians. 5. Who is the most famous street musician in the world? 6. Have you ever thought about being a street musician? Why or why not? 7. Are there any street musicians who got famous worldwide? 8. What kind of music do street musicians make? 42

A. Circle the correct word in each sentence. UNIT 2 1. The lighting effects / affects at the concert REVISION BOX were amazing! C. Combine the sentences below with ‘when’ 2. Let’s go by / buy the music shop and listen to or ‘while’. some CDs. 1. We were carrying our luggage. They were 3. I’ve got band practice later / latter today. waiting at the station. 4. Let’s role / roll up the carpet and get the stage 2. The children were fighting. The teacher came ready for the concert. into the classroom. 5. The first seen / scene in the music video is 3. I received the message. I was riding my really interesting. motorbike. 6. Next year, we should take the band on tore / 4. The dog bit the little girl. She was playing in the tour. playground. 7. I would rather listen to music than / then read 5. Dave was cutting the trees. He hurt his leg. a book. D. Complete the sentences with the correct 8. Tell me witch / which CD you bought for mum’s relative pronoun. birthday. 1. Do you still go to that cafe ____________ you B. Choose the correct transition word to used to go three years ago? complete the sentences. 2. If you have any problems questions, you can 1. If you want to have fun, go to the cinema! ask the person ____________ is standing at the counter. _______, you can go to the mall with your 3. I’m looking for the man ____________ car is friends. behind mine. a. But b. Also 4. That is the old lady ____________ I helped when she fell down in the market. c. Though d. However 5. Is that the hotel ____________ you complained 2. I love to eat cake, _______it makes me feel ill about because of its service? so I can’t eat it. 6. I have to fix the door ____________ goes to the attic. a. however b. but c. moreover d. both a and b 3. I know her name, _______she does not know mine. a. also b. besides c. though d. moreover 4. They want to go on holiday, _______they don’t have enough money. a. though b. however c. but d. all of the above 5. We enjoy visiting historical places because they are interesting. _______, they can help us learn about the past. a. Moreover b. But c. Also d. a and c 43

getting into business vowel sounds present perfect vs. present perfect continuous BUSINESS LIFE WORKMATES WARM UP! VOCABULARY A. Work in groups. Look at the photos. What A. Match the words (1–8) to the definitions words, ideas or situations come to mind? (a–g). 12 1. achieve a. to continue doing something 34 although it is difficult 2. commercial b. to introduce a new product, programme, etc. to the market 3. determination c. a person who starts their 4. entrepreneur own business d. to reach a goal after a lot of 5. found effort e. getting the result that was 6. launch wanted f. to start something new 7. mindset g. connected to buying or selling something 8. success h. someone’s way of thinking B. Work in groups and answer the questions. B. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words from Exercise A. Two 1. How would you describe success? words are extra. 2. Who is the most successful person in your 1. Her _____________ is very different from the family? way other business people think. 3. Who do you think is the best business person 2. After leading a company for years, she in the world? What is he/she known for? _____________ her own business school. 44 3. Employees are responsible for the _____________ of a company. 4. There was never a doubt he could _____________ anything he wanted. 5. After we _____________ our first smartphone, business has never been better. 6. She is one of the leading _____________ in the food and beverage business.

3.1 BUSINESS LIFE C. Listen to an interview with Lila Patel, 3.1 B. Listen to the recording and check 3.2 a successful businesswoman, and your answers in Exercise A. circle the words you hear. mindset commercial C. Work in pairs. Think of other words with the found same vowel sound. determination launch success entrepreneur 1. meet ___________________ achieve 2. help ___________________ PRONUNCIATION 3. group ___________________ 4. could ___________________ 5. hot ___________________ A. Match the words with the same vowel 6. vote ___________________ sound. 7. cut ___________________ 1. meet a. money 8. house ___________________ 2. help b. possible 3. group c. sold READING 4. could d. thousand 5. hot e. good A. Work in pairs and answer the questions. 6. vote f. new 7. cut g. people 1. What do you know about Richard 8. house h. then Branson? 2. What do you know about Branson’s company, Virgin? 3. Do you know what Virgin American and Virgin Galactic are? 4. Read the text quickly. Which do you think is the best title for the text? a. Richard Branson: Adventurer b. Richard Branson: His life and career c. Richard Branson: Entrepreneur d. Super businessman, Richard Branson 45

3.1 spaceline – a spaceline is a kind of airline for sending people into BUSINESS LIFE space Richard Branson harm – when we harm something, we hurt or damage it Richard Branson was born in Surrey, England on 18 July 1950. Branson founded Virgin, which started protect – when we protect something, as a record retailer, in 1970. Since then, Branson we keep it safe has been managing the company with a mindset that has helped him to achieve great success. In his knighted – when someone is knighted, career, he has launched a number of businesses, we give them the title ‘Sir’, e.g. including the now famous Virgin Records, which Sir Richard Branson he later sold for one billion dollars. Over the years as a business leader, Branson has never avoided B. Read the text again and answer business risks, starting new businesses that the questions. many others thought would fail, including Virgin Galactic, the world’s first commercial ‘spaceline,’ 1. Where was Richard Branson born? in 2004. He is one the true entrepreneurs of our 2. In what year did he start Virgin? time and Virgin now has more than 60 companies 3. How many people work for Virgin? and 71,000 employees around the world. 4. What two world records does Besides his determination in business, Branson has also been an adventurer in his life. He holds Branson hold? the world record for the fastest crossing of the 5. What other records does he hold? Atlantic Ocean in a boat. He’s also known for his 6. What is Virgin Unite? hot-air balloon adventures, including a crossing 7. Where does Branson live now? of the Pacific Ocean from Japan to Canada in 8. Why do you think he has a 1991 that also set a world record. Branson’s other record breaking achievements, this time related different mindset? to business, include being voted the number one Twitter user in the UK and the most-followed C. Complete the sentences with person on LinkedIn. words from the text. Branson has also been using his skills as an entrepreneur to make our world a better place. In 1. Branson sold _______________ 2004, he started Virgin Unite, a non profit group for $1 billion. that helps solve global social and environmental problems, while also trying to create businesses 2. Branson doesn’t mind taking that do not harm the environment. Later, in 2007, _______________in business. Branson announced the Virgin Earth Challenge, offering a $25-million dollar prize for the ideas to 3. Branson’s commercial ‘spaceline’ protect the environment. is called _______________. In 1999, for his work as an entrepreneur, Branson was knighted by Prince Charles. Branson is 4. Branson’s crossing of the married to Joan Templeman, they now live with Atlantic Ocean in a boat is a their risks, as a happy couple. _______________. 46 5. Branson rode a _______________ from Japan to Canada. 6. Branson believe in protecting the _______________. 7. Prince Charles _______________ Branson because he is a great _______________.

GRAMMAR 3.1 INFO BOX BUSINESS LIFE We can use the present perfect simple to talk I will be going to Seoul and I’m taking my wife about completed actions in the past that have a with me. She’s very excited as _____________ (4) connection to the present. never _____________ to Asia before. I’m excited He’s never avoided business risks. too as I _____________ (5) for a while now to We can use present perfect continuous to talk take a position at a company in Asia. Let’s see. about actions that started in the past and are still going on. C. Write sentences using the present perfect We’ve been working here for quite some time. simple or the present perfect continuous When we use verbs like live, study, work, teach, tenses. etc.’ in these tense, there is almost no difference in meaning. 1. we / stay / in this hotel three times before He’s lived on Necker’s Island for many years. _____________________________________ He’s been living on Necker’s Island for many 2. she / wait / for you for two hours years. _____________________________________ 3. she / talk / to the boss all afternoon A. Read the sentences and answer the questions. _____________________________________ 4. he / work / a lot lately _____________________________________ 5. I / make / three presentations today _____________________________________ 6. he / apply / for at least 15 jobs _____________________________________ I’ve already written the I’ve been writing the SPEAKING proposal. proposal all morning. A. Pretend that you are an entrepreneur. On a piece of paper write your full name answer 1. In which sentence do we know the woman is these questions. When you are finished, give finished writing the proposal? your answers to the teacher. 2. In which sentence is she still writing the 1. What was the first business you founded? proposal? How do you know? When? 3. Which tenses are used in the sentences? Why? 2. What other businesses have you launched? 4. What is the time expression in the first 3. How many businesses do you own? 4. How many employees do you have? sentence? Second sentence? Could other time 5. What other things make you a great expressions be used in the sentences? entrepreneur? B. Complete the text using the present perfect 6. What awards have you received? simple or present perfect continuous tenses. 7. What are your plans for the future? As the CEO of a business, I travel quite a lot. In B. Your teacher will give you another student’s fact, I _____________ (1) quite a lot over the last answers from Exercise A. Use the answers two or three years. It can be very tiring. Recently, to prepare an introduction for the student I _____________ (2) to Argentina on business. I entrepreneur. _____________ (3) business in Peru and Chile before but this was my first time in Argentina. The C. Introduce your student entrepreneur to the people are wonderful. Very friendly. Next week, class. Which entrepreneur did you find most interesting? GRAMMAR BANK p. 158 47

compound nouns past perfect BUSINESS LIFE SUCCESS WARM UP! VOCABULARY A. Work in pairs. Look at the technology from A. Look at the pictures and complete the com- the past and answer the questions. pound nouns with the nouns in the box. 1. What are the things you see? 2. Did you use them when you were young? book day made pack 3. What were they used for? phones smart sun a 1 head____________ 2 ____________rise b 3 back____________ 4 ____________phone c 5 birth____________ 6 ____________worm d 7 home____________ B. Work in groups. Talk about other things from the past that you used to use that you don’t use now. 48

B. Match the compound nouns in Exercise A to 3.2 the descriptions. BUSINESS LIFE 1. the time of day when the sun first appears 2. a person who reads a lot Today we are celebrating one of the greatest 3. made at home or by one’s self business success stories of all time. Before there 4. something you wear on your ears to listen to were smartphones and MP3 players to listen to music, Sony had given the world another way music to take music on the road – the best-selling 5. a yearly celebration of a person’s age Sony Walkman. And today we’re celebrating 6. a small electronic device for calling people its ‘birthday’. That’s right! Today, 1 July, is the Walkman’s birthday (it was first released in and going online 1979) and would like to hear your comments and 7. a large bag used to carry things on your back memories about the most popular music player of the 80s and 90s. C. Work in pairs. Make the shortest story you can using words from Exercise A. Comments READING I remember taking my Walkman on a family camping trip. That year, we had gone to place A. Work in pairs and answer the questions. near Bryce Canyon and early on the second morning of the trip, my parents woke up my 1. How did you listen to music when you were brothers and me to watch the sunrise. I took young? my Walkman with me and I watched my first sunrise while listening to my favourite song. 2. Do you remember listening to music on A perfect memory for me. cassette tapes or CDs? -Kurt Henson, USA 3. What is the gadget in the picture below? 4. How many people have commented in the blog? My first Walkman was the Yellow Monster – special sports Walkman for active people. I took it everywhere with me – hiking, cycling, camping, jogging. Everywhere! I loved it so much that I made my own special homemade cover for it – and I still have the Walkman and the cover. -Samar Joshi, India 49

3.2 B. Read the text again and answer the questions. BUSINESS LIFE 1. When was the first Walkman available to buy? 2. Which two people took the Walkman camping? I loved my Walkman when I was a teen. But 3. Whose first Walkman was the Yellow Monster? here’s something I don’t think many people 4. What did Sam used to do with his Walkman? know about it. Before they settled on the 5. Why did Ling Ling like her Walkman? name Walkman, Sony had introduced it in 6. What were the three names used before Sony the US market as the ‘Soundabout’. In the UK, Sony had called it the ‘Stowaway’, and chose the name Walkman? in Australia they had marketed it as the ‘Freestyle’. C. Match the titles with the paragraphs in the reading passage. -Beatrice Moyers, Australia Sports Lover I loved my Walkman because I loved music Wonderful Memories and dancing. I used to practise dancing in the My walkman and my books park and before then, I had had to carry my Dancing with my walkman boom box with me to practise. But after that Birth of a New Gadget I could put my Walkman in my backpack, Different Names go the park, attach it to my belt, put on my headphones … and boogie. D. These sentences were removed from the text. Read the sentences and decide where -Sam Washington, UK you would place them in the text. The Walkman changed my life! I had always 1. I had a special place on my bike to put my loved listening to classical music while Walkman. reading – and I was rather a bookworm so I read a lot. But before the Walkman, I would 2. Books and music are still the most important be stuck reading at home. then after the things in my life. Walkman, I could sit in a park or coffee shop or bus and read and listen to my favourite 3. It’s possible some of you may never have heard composers. It was fantastic. of a Walkman. -Ling Ling Chow, China 4. I don’t think the other names are as good as Walkman. memories – memories are things we remember from the past 5. When we woke up it was still dark outside. boom box – a boom box is a very big CD 6. I’m sure lots of people thought was crazy for player that you carry with you boogie – to boogie means to dance dancing in the park. stuck – when we are stuck we cannot get away from a situation 50

GRAMMAR 3.2 A. Read the sentences below and match them BUSINESS LIFE with the correct rules. WRITING a. Before there were smartphones and MP3- players to listen to music, Sony had given A. Look at the sample email and answer the the world another way to take music on questions. the road – the Sony Walkman. Hi Judy, b. I had always loved listening to classical How are you? It’s been a long time! music while reading I wanted to write and tell you all about my news. I just got engaged! I met a 1. We can use the past perfect simple tense to talk lovely man three years ago. We had about completed actions that happened before met a few times when I was at university a specific time or another action in the past. and we finally met again when I started my new job. We had already decided 2. We can use the past perfect simple tense to to get married, but he still asked me talk about things that continued over a period anyway. I would love you to come to of time before a specific time or another action the wedding. in the past. Looking forward to hearing your news. B. Connect the sentences to make sentences Speak soon. using the past perfect tense. Melissa 1. I arrived at the office. Before that, the meeting 1. Who is the sender of the email? started. 2. Who is the recipient of the email? 3. What is the email about? _____________________________________ 4. Is she going to get engaged or married? 2. I used my Walkman for 12 years. Then I lost my B. Go to page 182 and do the activity. Walkman while I was on holiday C. Write an informal email to a friend about _____________________________________ recent changes in your life. 3. Martin worked in China for 20 years. Then he Hello ________, returned home to the UK. _______________________________ _____________________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ 4. She just finished cooking dinner. Then the _______________________________ guests arrived. Best _____________________________________ 5. Lila started writing the report this morning. She didn’t finish it until 10 p.m. _____________________________________ C. Work in pairs. Look at the timeline about mobile phones and talk about what happened using the past perfect tense. 51

verb + preposition combinations /ʌ/ and / ɒ/ sounds simple past vs past perfect simple BUSINESS LIFE VOCABULARY JOB INTERVIEW INFO BOX WARM UP! Many verbs have prepositions that go together with them, e.g. agree with, forget A. Work in pairs and answer the questions. about, search for. Verb + preposition combinations are usually followed by a 1. How many job interviews have you had? Talk noun, e.g. I agree with the boss., but they about the best one and the worst one. can sometimes be followed by a gerund, e.g. Don’t forget about writing the report. 2. What do you think are the most important We can also sometimes add a noun or noun things to remember in a job interview? phrase between the verb and preposition, e.g. I helped Ashley with the presentation. B. Work with the same partner. Make a list of I read something interesting about your Do’s and Don’ts for a job interview. company. C. Listen to the recording about Do’s 3.3 A. Work in pairs. Write the correct preposition and Don’ts at a job interview. for each verb. Then check your answers Compare your answers from in a dictionary. One verb can take two Exercise B with the recording. prepositions. 52 about of for 1. apply ___________ 2. hear ___________ 3. hope ___________ 4. prepare ___________ 5. read ___________ 6. work ___________ 7. worry ___________