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No unauthorized photocopying. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Explorer Publishing House, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate copyright clearance organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to Explorer Publication, at the address above. You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Any websites referred to in this publication are in the public domain and their addresses are provided by Explorer Publishing House for information only. Explorer Publishing House disclaims any responsibility for the content. Reader 1 ISBN: 978-605-7881-70-0 1st Edition 2022 Author: Ece Er Graphic Design: Merve Ceylan Publisher: Kaşif Uluslararası Yay. Dış Tic. Ltd. Şti. Certificate Number: 41694 Printing: Hermes Tanıtım Ofset Baskı Hizm. Ltd. Şti. Certificate Number: 47869 Photo Credits: All photos and images www.shutterstock.com

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I have to start by thanking my friend and colleague Çiğdem Kayıhan Aslan for her support and encouragement every time I needed. Writing a book is harder than I thought and her feedback and contributions have been invaluable. I would like to thank my colleagues Emek Bezci, Serpil Ergül, Yusuf Özdemir, who have read and commented on several chapters, for their contributions to this book with their detailed feedback and useful suggestions. This book is far better thanks to you. An additional thanks to Asts. Prof. Recep Özbay for his support and guidance. I want to acknowledge my friend and colleague Dr. Navid M. Talaei for his unconditional support. Finally, I want to thank my parents for being always there for me and their continuous support throughout the writing process of this book. This book would not have been possible without them. I am much lucky to have you both as my parents.

ABOUT THE BOOK Reading: Strategies and Practice Reader is a two-book series that is developed for English learners who are seeking to improve their reading skills through practice and strategy. There are two types of reading in general. One is extensive and the other is intensive. Extensive reading is for relaxation or for pleasure. But intensive reading is for academic purposes and learners need to comprehend the text in depth and use some strategies to answer the questions about it. In this book, the most frequent question types and how to answer them using the appropriate strategies are dealt with in a systematic way. Each chapter of the book has an engaging theme and students are introduced to and engaged in the theme through discussion questions, varied texts types through which they can enhance their reading skills and introduction of key vocabulary. The key vocabulary is chosen from the Oxford 3000 which is a list of the 3,000 core words that have been chosen based on their frequency in the Oxford English Corpus and relevance to learners of English

CONTENTS 6 14 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO READING .................................................. 23 Words in English: Parts of Speech 35 Basic Sentence Structure in English 46 58 CHAPTER 2: PEOPLE ...................................................................................... 70 Question Type: Table Completion 80 Text 1: About me 91 Text 2: Who are we? 106 CHAPTER 3: HOLIDAYS .................................................................................. Question Type: Open-ended Questions Text 1: Our Summer Holidays in Edinburgh Text 2: Camping CHAPTER 4: TRAVEL ....................................................................................... Question Type: Matching Questions Text 1: My Lviv Travel Guide Text 2: Why is Travel Important? CHAPTER 5: CULTURE .................................................................................... Question Type: True/False Questions Text 1: Chinese New Year Text 2: Hygge CHAPTER 6: PEOPLE AND NATURE .............................................................. Question Type: Main Idea Questions Text 1: Entomophagy Text 2: Inuit People CHAPTER 7: HISTORY ..................................................................................... Question Type: Sequence Questions Text 1: History of Toys and Children Games Text 2: History of Chocolate CHAPTER 8: ART ............................................................................................. Question Type: Insertion Questions Text 1: Mona Lisa Text 2: The Big Eyes CHAPTER 9: LANGUAGE ................................................................................ Question Type: Guessing the Meaning of a Word from the Context Questions Text 1: Esperanto Text 2: Braille CHAPTER 10: MYSTERIES .............................................................................. Question Type: Inference Questions Text 1: Are we Alone in the Universe? Text 2: Believe it or not

CHAPTER INTRODUCTION TO READING 1 » WORDS IN ENGLISH: PARTS OF SPEECH » BASIC SENTENCE STRUCTURE IN ENGLISH

INTRODUCTION TO READING Words in English: Parts of Speech Part of speech is the grammatical class of the words and shows its function/job in a sentence. There are nine parts of speech in English: 1. Noun: the name of a thing, person, place e.g. cat, Sandy, doctor, pen, student, class, Paris This is my house. My garden is big. I have two cats. Sandy helps me. 2. Verb: expresses an action or a state 7 e.g. go, do, help, drink, eat, be (am/is/are), have, etc. I read newspaper. (action) They eat pizza. (action) He is a doctor. (state) She likes dogs. (state)

CHAPTER 1 3. Adjective: describes a noun e.g. big, short, beautiful, dirty, black, interesting, hot, etc. She is very beautiful. My room is dirty. I like big houses. This is a long letter. 4. Adverb: describes a verb, adjective or adverb e.g. really, very, well, quickly, badly, nearly, etc. She reads quickly. I am very hungry. They wait for their parents really silently. We work well together. 5. Pronoun: takes the place of a noun e.g. I, we, it, they, them, him, her, etc. Sally and John are friends. They are in the same class. I live in London. It is a big city. This is Sam. He lives next door. My sister is 3 years old. I love her. 6. Preposition: links a noun and another word e.g. at, after, with, about, to, from, on, in, etc. We don’t go to school on Sunday. After lunch, we watch TV. We are in the classroom. She is from Italy. 7. Conjunction: joins clauses or sentences or words and shows relationship between them e.g. and, but, or, when, because, so, etc. I want a coffee and cake. When she is happy, she cries. These shoes are nice but very expensive. They don’t need a car because they live in a small town. 8

CHAPTER 1 8. Determiner: limits or determines a noun e.g. a/an, the, some, many, one, two, those, etc. Look at those birds! We need some milk for the cake. There are three students in the class today. Many people are afraid of dentists. 9. Interjection: expresses emotion or reaction, and an exclamation mark (!) usually follows it e.g. Wow, Hi, Oops, Oh, Aww, Ouch, Hey, etc. Wow! Look at that car. Oh no, it is raining again. Ouch! It hurts, please stop. Aww! Look at the little puppy. Exercise 1. Choose the correct part of speech for the underlined word. 1. I want to have this little cat, but my parents don’t want it. a. pronoun b. verb c. conjunction 2. My brother eats two eggs for the breakfast. a. adjective b. pronoun c. noun 3. Your dress is very beautiful. a. adverb b. preposition c. interjection 4. I set my alarm clock, so I don’t wake up late. a. conjunction b. adverb c. determiner 5. Your car keys are on the kitchen table. a. verb b. preposition c. adjective 6. The old man doesn’t go to the park when it rains. a. noun b. adverb c. adjective 7. Oops! I think I called the wrong person. a. interjection b. conjunction c. pronoun 8. The trees in their garden are very old. a. noun b. preposition c. determiner 9. James works from 8:00 to 17:00 every day. a. adverb b. conjunction c. verb 10. Sally feels tired these days because she can’t sleep well. a. preposition b. adjective c. adverb 9

CHAPTER 1 Exercise 2. Underline the word in the sentence whose part of speech is given in parenthesis. e.g. Billie Eilish is a famous American singer and songwriter. (determiner) Billie Eilish is a famous American singer and songwriter. 1. There are fresh vegetables in the market. (adjective) 2. There is a small mouse under the armchair. (preposition) 3. I usually read my newspaper online. (noun) 4. She is poor, but she is happy. (conjunction) 5. They sleep in the living room. (determiner) 6. My father drives carefully. (adverb) 7. The keys are over there, take them quickly and go. (pronoun) 8. The sandwiches are cheap and delicious. (noun) 9. Hi! It’s nice to see you. (interjection) 10. Kate is a very beautiful girl. (verb) Basic Sentence Structure in English Sentences usually have a simple structure in English: subject, verb and then object. Subject + Verb + Object Subject is the person, place or thing the sentence is about. All verbs have a subject and it is usually the thing or person who does the action. It can be a noun or noun phrase (a group of two or more words) or pronoun. e.g. Sam drinks coffee. (noun) My name is Kristen. (noun phrase) She has three dogs. (pronoun) * In imperative sentences, to give instructions or express a request or demand, subject is not stated, but we understand it. e.g. Don’t open the door! (=You don’t open the door.) Verb expresses an action (what the subject is doing) or a state. e.g. Sam drinks coffee. (action) Sam is a student. (state) 10

CHAPTER 1 Object is the person or thing affected by the verb and it comes after the verb. Some verbs have an object and it can be a noun, noun phrase or pronoun. e.g. Sam drinks coffee. (noun) I don’t know her name. (noun phrase) John eats them quickly. (pronoun) Exercise 1. Underline subject and verb in the sentences below and write S for subject, V for verb. e.g. Toby lives in a big city. SV 1. Ryan and Lucas are best friends. 2. Prague is the capital city of Czechia. 3. We want to eat pizza for lunch. 4. Students in the class are very clever. 5. My daughter’s name is Diana. 6. They usually go to an Italian restaurant for dinner. 7. My mother wants some milk for the kitten. 8. I have tea for breakfast. 9. My sister and I go to the same school. 10. Some people work at the weekend. Exercise 2. Underline the object in the sentences below. 1. She loves rainbows. 2. I usually call my sister when I need help. 3. In some countries, the women and girls carry water every day. 4. They send an email every Monday. 5. The kids watch TV every evening. 6. I don’t know her name. 7. We don’t understand your question. 8. My parents don’t tell everything about the accident. 9. Brad wants his money back. 10. I play computer games with my friends at weekends. 11

CHAPTER 1 Negative sentences in English To make negative sentences in English we add “not” after the verb to be or auxiliary verbs (do, does, etc.). e.g. Sam is not a student. (Subject + to be + not + rest of the sentence) Sam does not (doesn’t) drink coffee. (Subject + do/does + not + verb + rest of the sentence) Questions in English In English there are two basic types of questions; Yes/No questions and Wh-questions. 1. Yes/No questions have only two answers yes or no. • word order for questions with verb to be: (To be + subject + rest of the sentence) e.g. Q: Is Sam a student? A: Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t. Q: Are you hungry? A: Yes, I am. / No, I’m not. • word order for questions with simple present tense: (Do/Does + subject + verb + rest of the sentence) e.g. Q: Does Sam drink coffee? A: Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. Q: Do you like football? A: Yes, I do. / No, I don’t 2. Wh-questions start with a word like what, which, who, where, when, why, how and whose. These are called question words. They ask for information. • word order for questions with verb to be: (Q-word + to be + rest of the sentence) e.g. Q: Where is the restaurant? A: It’s near the bookstore. Q: Who is your teacher? A: Mr. Parsons. • word order for questions with simple present tense: (Q-word + do/does + subject + verb + rest of the sentence) e.g. Q: What do you want for breakfast? A: I want some coffee. Q: When does he have Math classes? A: On Mondays. 12

CHAPTER 1 Exercise 3. Order the words to make complete sentences or questions. 1. on / I / do / work / not / Sundays _________________________________________ . 2. student / you / are / a _________________________________________ ? 3. name / is / her / Keira _________________________________________ . 4. your / where / friend / is / from _________________________________________ ? 5. go / do / where / for / you / breakfast _________________________________________ ? 6. music /usually / listen to / on / school / the / we / bus _________________________________________ . 7. in / Japanese/ are / a / we / restaurant _________________________________________ . 8. those / where / from / are / students _________________________________________ ? 9. do / speak / your / Italian / friends _________________________________________ ? 10. in / she / an / lives / Ankara / apartment / in _________________________________________ . 13

CHAPTER PEOPLE 2 QUESTION TYPE: TABLE COMPLETION

PEOPLE How to answer table completion questions: The instructions for table completion questions are generally like: ■ Read the text(s) and complete the table. ■ Fill in the table according to the text. • Table completion questions ask you to find specific information in a text. • Before you read the text(s), look at the table and understand the organization of the table and the missing information in it. • After that, read the text(s) and find the missing information, details in the table. • You can underline the information in the text when you find it and write it in the missing part of the table. • When you finish, check the table to see if there are any missing parts left. Look at the example: First, look at the table and see 1. Read about the people and complete the table. what is missing, then read the parts that have the information you need. Underline and write it in the table. ► I’m Aiya Tanaka. I’m from Sapporo in Japan. I’m 17 years-old. I’m in class A-03. My teacher is Mr. Bond. I have classes on Mondays and Fridays. In my free time, I walk and read novels. ► My name is Samuel Garcia. I’m 21 and I’m from Granada, Spain. My class is B-12. Mrs. Evans is my teacher. My classes are on Mondays, Tuesdays and Wednesdays. I like playing basketball and watching series on TV. ► I’m Connor Murphy. I’m from Waterford, Ireland. I’m 18 years-old. I’m in class A-05, and my teacher is Mr. Perez. On Tuesdays and Thursdays, I have classes. I play the guitar and dance in my free time.

CHAPTER 2 Name Aiya Samuel Connor 21 18 Age 17 Granada, Spain Waterford, Ireland B-12 A-05 Nationality Sapporo, Japan Mr. Perez Mrs. Evans Class A-03 Tuesday, Thursday Monday, Tuesday, Teacher’s Mr. Bond Wednesday playing the guitar, dancing name playing basketball, watching series Class Days Monday, Friday Hobbies walking, reading novels TEXT 1 DISCUSS 1. Tell about yourself? KEY VOCABULARY Here are the definitions of the key vocabulary. Choose the best word to complete the sentences below. together (adv): with or near someone or something, with each other art (n): the skill of making objects such as paintings and drawings, or a subject to study travel (v): to go from one place to another actress (n): a woman whose job is acting on the stage, on television or in films busy (adj): full of work and activity waiter (n): a man whose job is to serve customers at their tables in a restaurant, etc. visit (v): to go to see a person or a place for a period of time 1. My sister is in the hospital. I ___________ her every day. 2. Matt and Lucas are best friends. After school, they play ___________ in the park. 3. I know her, she is a very famous ___________ in Hollywood. I love her films. 4. My father needs to ___________ a lot for work. My mother takes me to school all the time. 5. My friend works as a part-time ___________ in that small café at the corner of the street. 6. I want to study ___________ at university because I want to be a good painter. 7. Please call the doctor tomorrow because he is very ___________ today. 16

CHAPTER 2 Read the text and complete the table below. About Me I’m Alexander Keller. I’m from Basel, Switzerland. I’m twenty-one. I am a university student. I live with my family in a house with a small garden. I have two brothers. Eric is eighteen years old and Noah is ten. We like playing and watching football. We sometimes play together. We have a dog called Cleo. Cleo is very cute. She likes playing in the garden with my father. My name is Chloe Monet. I’m 34. I live in Lyon, France. I’m an art teacher. I’m married to Charles. He is a teacher too. We have a son called Andre. He is 4 years old. We travel to other countries together. I’m Juliana Santos. I’m 32. I’m from Sao Paulo, Brazil. I’m an actress. I’m single. I live with my cat, Leo in my apartment. I like watching films and playing football with friends when I’m not working. I’m usually very busy, and it is sometimes difficult. I travel a lot for work, but I like it. I like seeing different places and meeting new people. I’m Oliver Wilson from England. I’m 23. I’m a waiter in a small café in London. I work long hours all day and feel very tired in the evenings. I live in a small apartment with a friend. He is a student. My family lives in Suffolk. I visit them every weekend. WHO… Alexander Chloe Juliana Oliver has a pet? likes playing football? is married? is a student? likes travelling? has a busy job? 17

CHAPTER 2 VOCABUARY REVIEW EXERCISE Read the text and complete each blank with a word given in the box. art travel busy visit together actress waiter I’m Matilda from Australia. I’m a student, and I live with my family in Sydney. My father works in a café as a ___________ (1). He usually comes home late because he is very ___________ (2) all day. My mother is an ___________ (3), she acts in a very popular TV series in Australia. She is very famous around here. I want to study ___________ (4) and be a famous person when I grow up. I have a sister, she is 6 years old. After school, we play in the garden and then study___________ (5). I help her with her homework. We sometimes ___________ (6) our grandparents and have dinner with them. They live very close to us. When my mother and father don’t work, we ___________ (7) to different countries and see new places. 18

CHAPTER 2 TEXT 2 DISCUSS 1. What do you do in your free time? 2. Who do you like to spend time with and why? 3. Describe a typical day of you? KEY VOCABULARY Here are the definitions of the key vocabulary. Choose the best word to complete the sentences below. parents (n): a person’s father and mother; generally used in plural form until (preposition):  not before a particular time or event boring (adj): not interesting customer (n): a person who buys same (adj): not different trip (n): a short journey to a place for a purpose or pleasure cook (v): to make food ready to eat 1. She gets very tired at school and usually sleeps ___________ dinner time. 2. The ___________ says the coffee is not hot, so he doesn’t want to pay for it. 3. They always eat out because they don’t have time to ___________ at home. 4. Mary is a student in Canada, and her ___________ live in New York. She doesn’t see them very often. 5. This film is very ___________. Let’s watch something different. 6. Every weekend they take a ___________ to the zoo. 7. Sandy and Margaret want to stay in the ___________ room at the dormitory. They’re best friends. 19

CHAPTER 2 Read the text and complete the table below. Who Are They? William is from the UK, and he lives in Beaconsfield, England. He is single, and he lives in a small house with his parents. He works as an accountant for a company in London. He loves his job. After he gets up at 7.00 in the morning, he gets dressed quickly and takes the train to London at 7.30. London is 25 minutes from Beaconsfield, so he starts work at 8.15 after a short walk to the office from the train station. He has his coffee for breakfast and reads the newspapers on the train. He has his lunchbreak between 12.30 and 13.30. He usually goes to the restaurant at the corner of the street with his friends and eats Italian food. He likes pasta and pizza the most. After lunch, he goes back to the office and works until 17.30. He goes to a pub after work to have some beer and takes the train to Beaconsfield is at 19.30. When he gets home, the dinner is always ready. He spends some time with his family and watches his favorite series before he goes to bed at 23.30. When he doesn’t go to work, he plays basketball with his friends and goes for long walks with his two dogs, Benny and Joe. Isabella was born in Spain and lives in Toledo with his husband and two children in an apartment. She works as a shop assistant in a book shop in the city center. It is very close to her home, so she walks to work. She thinks her job is boring, and she doesn’t like her boss. She gets up at 7.00 and takes a shower before she has her breakfast with her family. They usually eat toast with fresh orange juice. She is at the book shop at 8.30. She is always busy with customers during the day. At 13.30, she goes home for lunch and spends time with his family. They usually eat meat with pasta and bread is always on the table. After lunch, she has some sleep, a siesta. Then she goes back to the shop at around 16.30 and works until 20.00. After work, she usually goes home at 20.30 and has a small dinner with her family. In her free time, she likes to meet her friends and spend time together with them. She has dinner at a restaurant with her friends once a week. They meet at the same restaurant and eat their favorite dish. She is also interested in arts. She visits museums and galleries at the weekends with her children. 20

CHAPTER 2 Yua is a teacher in Kobe, Japan. She loves her job and students very much. She lives in a small house in Sannomiya with her dog, Yoshi. Her classes start at 8.45 in the morning, so she gets up at 7.00 to have breakfast and walk to the bus stop. She eats tamagoyaki, a kind of egg omelet or Miso Shiru, a kind of soup for breakfast. The bus trip to the school is not long, only 10 minutes. She has her lunch break at 12.30. She eats with her students in the school cafeteria. They usually have rice and fish for lunch. The afternoon classes start at 13.45. After the school finishes at 15.30, Yua visits her parents. Sometimes, she stays for dinner and helps them cook. When she gets home, she takes Yoshi for a walk in the park. At 23.30, she goes to bed and sleeps after reading a book. She likes learning new languages and travelling in her free time. She speaks four languages, Italian, Turkish, English and Spanish. ______ (1) William ______ (2) ______ (3) nationality British ______ (4) ______ (5) marital status ______ (6) ______ (7) ______ (8) ______ (9) no two no lives in ______ (10) Toledo ______ (11) ______ (12) ______ (13) ______ (14) teacher goes to work by ______ (15) by foot ______ (16) has for breakfast coffee ______ (17) ______ (18) starts work at ______ (19) ______ (20) 8.45 ______ (21) 12.30-13.30 13.30-16-30 12.30-13.45 has for lunch Italian food ______ (22) ______ (23) finishes work at ______ (24) ______ (25) ______ (26) visits her parents, does after work ______ (27) ______ (28) cooks, walks her dog free time activities plays basketball, goes ______ (29) ______ (30) for walks 21

CHAPTER 2 VOCABUARY REVIEW Read the text and complete each blank with the correct form of words given in the box. In vocabulary exercises, you may need to make some changes in the words when completing the sentences. Be careful with: • subject-verb agreement day. → ✓ She goes for a walk ever day. e.g. x She go for a walk every • singular or plural nouns old. → ✓ These books are very old. e.g. x These book are very until parent boring customer same cook trip David is a chef in a big restaurant in Mexico. He ___________(1) very different dishes from different countries. His ___________(2) come from very far only to taste his famous dishes. His menu changes every day, so it is not easy to find the _________(3) food when you go there the second time. His ___________(4) live in Spain. David doesn’t have time to visit them because he is very busy. He misses them a lot. Actually, it is not a very long ___________(6) from Mexico to Spain, but he has no time for that. His restaurant is open ___________(5) 23.00, from Monday to Sunday. He says it is sometimes very ___________(7) to work all the time, but he loves his job. 22