Code of Youth: Shield of Human Rights

ERASMUS+KA2: “Code of Youth: Shield of Human Rights” Giuseppina Martinuzzi – teacher, writer, educator, promotor of human rights, a person we can be immensely proud of One of the most known Istrian teachers and the person every child from The City of Labin has surely heard of, Giuseppina Martinuzzi, was born in 1844 in a bourgeoisie family of Italian ancestry. Regardless of this, her work and commitment had been concentrated on children residing with proletariat families (i.e., peasants=people who earn a wage for a living and are often dependent on daily work). Taking into consideration that her father was prominent person who was elected multiple times as a major, he helped her to become a teacher, as that was the job she always wanted. Holding lessons throughout the northern Italy and eastern Istria for respectable 32 years, she established herself as a “Teacher of the Poor”. But that was not the only thing for which she was famous. It cannot be omitted that she was a knowledgeable writer, pedagogue, educator, as well as politician. Her cooperation with many journals (ex. Indipedente, Scolta, L’Eco, Istria, Le Alpi Giulie, etc.), her mnemonical manuals (that were of a great help to many kids with learning disabilities, as well as to others) and textbooks for elementary school are a crucial part of her achievements, as she had to struggle with the authorities (Austro Hungarian Monarchy) whose main goal was to push Austrian culture (German language) among people and to develop an Austrian patriotism. The fact that she was a “human socialist”, as she had started her political career in the early 2oth century, explains why she was a human rights promotor (especially for poor people and women). \"Love for the homeland is subordinated in my heart to love for the oppressed and sufferers of all homelands.\" – that was her statement describing that part of her life. Since her magazine Pro Patria (1888) was not well accepted in the patriotic society (it was apparently such a disgrace having a woman as a lead publicist of the magazine), she poured out her thoughts in her most valuable work – Ingiustizia (Injustice, 1907). Five years before her death, in 1920, she became ill and could not be active anymore. Since the year 1925, we proudly honor her dedication to the people who

are the most in the need and take her as an example that women should always be an inevitable part of society, if we want to live in justice and be the part of the beauty of diversity. Karlo Strel, The High School of Mate Blažine, Labin

Diana Budisavljević – World War II heroine Regarded as one of World War II’s most famous heroines and a humanitarian that helps everyone, no matter the side they fight for, Diana Budisavljević was born in Innsbruck in 1891. Ever since she was a child, Diana was interested in medicine and helping other people, which lead to her pursuing a career as a nurse. Later in her life, she married Julio Budisavljević and moved to Zagreb, Croatia. As soon as she heard the news about the conditions in the Ustasha concentration camps (in the fall of 1941), she set out to help those who needed it the most. Her first humanitarian action, named “Action Diana Budisavljević”, was in the camp in Loborgrad, leading to the great cooperation between The Croatian Red Cross, Caritas and the Sisters of Mercy, saving over 12 000 Serbian children that were separated from their parents. Serbian children were commonly left alone since their parents were forced to work in Germany. The children were sent to camps with horrible living conditions, which lead to an even bigger problem since diseases caused by unsuccessful war surgeries could easily spread among them. Diana Budisavljević is responsible for sending money, food, clothes and medicine to the captive women and children, helping them escape and providing them with a warm home in which they could finally feel safe again. She was praised as an angel savior among the children, and it is no wonder why. She also made sure to preserve the identity of the saved children, ensuring that someday they get back to their parents. It is important to note that the things she did were extremely dangerous and counted as an act of treason towards the country, but she still saved all those lives no matter the danger surrounding her. She was not all alone though, she had help from a lot of close friends and coworkers that should be remembered as well. When the war ended, she had to hand in all the cartography work and evidence of the children she saved to OZNA (Department of People’s Protection), which lead to her not being able to unite all the lost children with their parents. This struck her

emotionally, leading to her withdrawal from the public. She returned to Innsbruck in 1978 and lived there until her death. She never received recognition for her work and activities. Her work is considered as a forerunner of all significant aspects of the Convention on the Children’s Rights when it comes to children in war. Her activities are relatively unknown to the wider Croatian public, which is a consequence of the nationalist filtering of history textbooks and the neglect of the historical contribution of women. Matija Pajcur, The High School of Mate Blažine Labin

Marija Jurić Zagorka – writer, journalist, feminist and activist Marija Jurić Zagorka was Croatia’s first professional female journalist, a feminist, author, and activist. She was born in 1873 into a relatively wealthy family, which gave her the opportunity of a brief formal education, something female children were typically denied. She was first educated by private tutors among the children of Hungarian nobility where she stood out as intelligent and gifted among her peers. Later her father planned for her to continue her education in Switzerland, something that the baron he was employed under offered to finance. Because of her mother’s objection to this, Zagorka instead attended an all-girls school at the Covent of the Sisters of Mercy in Zagreb. Before finishing school, Zagorka was married off to a Hungarian railway officer at her mother’s insistence. Zagorka’s husband, like many Hungarians of the time, held negative sentiments against Croats. Her marriage was short-lived as her husband had little patience for her ambitions and wanted to use her journalistic talent in order to spread agendas against her home country. After three years, her marriage ended with her running away from her husband and hiding away with her uncle. Though she managed to get a divorce with the help of her father, she was accused of failing as a wife, which absolved her husband of paying alimony or returning her personal belongings. During this time Zagorka was also briefly institutionalized in a mental asylum, a fate not uncommon for women perceived as disobedient. The discrimination of her early life would continue to follow Zagorka until the very end of her successful journalistic and literary career. Zagorka was one of the principle moving forces behind the modernization of Croatian political journalism and played a significant role in the fight against the Germanisation and Hungarization that was being

pushed on Croatia, all while remaining anonymous, uncredited and scorned by her contemporaries. She also established and edited the first Croatian newspapers aimed exclusively at women “Women’s Paper” and “Croatian woman”. She also held lectures on women’s rights and liberation in both Croatia and neighboring countries and was herself an educator for girls. Her novels, many of which were originally published under pseudonyms, were extremely popular but badly received by critics for being “trashy” fiction. Zagorka’s fiction dealt with themes of current politics told through epic tales of Croatian history and folklore - the simple language of her novels encouraged literacy among the working class, especially women. Though critics and contemporaries continuously underplayed and invalidated Zagorka’s success, calling her “man-like” and denying her credit for her work, today she’s recognized as one of the most important figures in Croatian literature, journalism, and feminism. Zagorka remains the most read Croatian author, while many of the male contemporaries who had attempted to label her as incompetent or unimportant fade into irrelevance. Sunčica Goričanec, The High School of Mate Blažine Labin

Marija Jambrišek – educator, writer and fighter for women's rights and education Marija Jambrišak is the first woman in Croatia who publicly demanded wage equality for men and women in education. A teacher who publicly raised her voice for women’s rights on St. Mark’s Square in Zagreb, gave up food in order to afford textbooks, and thanks to her efforts a women’s secondary school was opened in Zagreb at the end of the 19th century. At a time when women were seen as mothers, wives, and housewives, she loudly demanded equalization of work conditions with men and with her voice encouraged many to demand their rights. Marija Jambrišak was born on September 5, 1847 in Karlovac. In 1853, she moved to Zagreb, where she was educated at the Sisters of Mercy of St. Vincent de Paul. There, after elementary school, she completed a two-year teacher’s school. From 1867, she worked as a teacher in Varaždin and remained in that position for four years, when she participated in the First General Teachers' Assembly where she publicly demanded the equality of wage and working conditions for teachers, as well as the possibility of higher education for teachers. This revolutionary performance delighted the director of the Vienna Pedagogium, who offered her the possibility of further education at that influential school of pedagogy. Thanks to J.J. Strossmayer’s scholarship she became the first and only student of the Pedagogium. Marija returned to Zagreb in 1875 and got a position as a teacher in a high school for girls. She stayed there until 1892, when she opened the Women’s Lyceum in Zagreb. This girls’ school provided girls with an education according to the grammar school program, as well as a basis for continuing education, which happened in 1901 when the first female students enrolled in some of the University of Zagreb’s programs. In 1905, Marija Jambrišak became the headmistress of the high school for girls in Zagreb.

In addition to being a teacher, Marija was also a writer. She has published articles in many magazines and newspapers such as \"Obzor\", \"Vijenc\" and \"Narodne novine\", and is also the co-founder of the \"Domače ognjište\" magazine, a kind of teacher’s magazine. She also wrote several books, some of which are Notable Women from History and On Decent Governance. Even after she retired, Marija Jambrišak remained active. She read, wrote and continued to participate in the work of women’s and teachers' societies. Her colleagues and students did not forget about her life, even after her death. She died on January 23, 1937 and was buried in Mirogoj, Zagreb. Luna Močinić, The High School of Mate Blažine Labin

Malala Yousafzai, a name, a fight. “I tell my story not because it is unique, but because it is the story of many girls.” By Andersen Søren, Blomart Milo (partially) , Daminette Emilie, Dombret Sarah We all already heard the name Malala Yousafzai right ? We’ve been told about her so many times during our childhood but at that time we didn’t really understand the real concern, at least that was our case. Here we are today to show you her major achievements for human rights, what she had to fight against and how she became one of the main figures of the fight for girls’ education. Malala Yousafzai, a name, a fight. Malala Yousafzai was born in Mingora, Pakistan in 1997. She loved school but then the Taliban took control of her town. The girls couldn’t go to school. So Malala said goodbye to her classmates not knowing if she would ever see them again. In October 2012, on her way home a masked gunman boarded her bus and shot her in the head. She spoke out publicly on behalf of girls and their right to learn, and this made her a target. After months of surgeries and rehabilitation, she joined her family in their new home in the U.K. Then she knew she had a choice: she could live a quiet life or she could make the most of this new life she had been given. She chooses to continue her fight until every girl could go to school. She established the Malala Fund, a charity

dedicated to giving every girl an opportunity to achieve a future. She received the Nobel Peace Prize in December 2014 and became the youngest-ever Nobel laureate. Malala dedicated her life, and still does, for human rights. Yes, the right to education is a human right and required for the exercise of other human rights. A good education aims to ensure the development of a fully-rounded human being. Education is a weapon, it’s so powerful, it can help children and adults to leave poverty behind them and get into the society as smart, educated and critical. It’s unfair that only men in some countries could have a decent education. It’s a way for women to empower their own life. Malala once said “I tell my story not because it is unique, but because it is the story of many girls.” For example, Afghan women aren’t allowed to go to school nowadays. Despite her many achievements, awards and fame. Malala always speaks and acts with kindness, grace and humility. Her fights were worth it and she helped so many girls with her association around the world and in her country. With this work, we had to understand all about what she stood up against and we admire her for that. Thanks for your attention and remember, education is a weapon. Malala Yoursafzai, Malala fund, https://malala.org/malalas-story , consulté le 04/04/2023

Human rights - Rosa Parks There are multiple persons who have participated to defend human rights. They fought, sometimes risked their lives for it. Here, we are going to talk about one of them, Rosa Parks. She was born on the fourth of February 1913 in Tuskegee in Alabama and she died on the 24th of October 2005 in Detroit, Michigan. She grew up in a racial discrimination environment. She went to an elementary school for afro-american girls and she began her study at “Alabama State Teachers College for Negroes”. Rosa’s known for her fight against racial discrimination in the USA. One of the things she is most famous for when speaking of her fight for her rights is when she refused to give up her seat in a bus. It was the first of December 1955 and she was 42. There weren't any more places in the “white section”, so the driver asked the front row of the “black section” to stand up. They did, but not Rosa Parks. People tend to say she didn’t stand up because she was tired, but she stated herself that she wasn’t tired physically, but tired of giving in to these racist laws. Eventually, policemen arrived and arrested her. She was judged and declared guilty of breaking local laws and disordering the civilians. After this event, she continued to face harassment because of what she did. She decided to move to Detroit where her brother lived. Some years after her retirement, she traveled to support human rights and wrote an autobiography “Rosa Parks, my story”. And in 1990, she was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal. For us, Rosa Parks was a courageous and strong woman. We admire and respect what she did. She was a fighter. Her fight is still relevant today like the “black lives matter”.

In conclusion, she’s a woman who fought against racism and she changed a lot about the racial discrimination. Her action in the Montgomery bus marked the minds and the multiple awards she received prove her actions for the protection of human rights. Bibliography -History.com editors, “Rosa Parks : Bus boycott, Civil rights and facts”, https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/rosa-parks, last updated the 11 January 2023 -Wikipedia, “Rosa Parks”, https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Parks, consulted the 5 april 2023 -JEANNIN Marine, “Qui était Rosa Parks, icône de la ségrégation aux Etats-Unis?” https://www.geo.fr/histoire/qui-etait-rosa-parks-icone-de-la-desegregation-aux-etats- unis-201487, published on the 2nd of March 2021

Simone Veil: A woman who has changed the world! A right that many women have today is the right to abortion, at least in some parts of the world. Even if it's really regulated, this law called the “Loi Veil” was a big change for women in France. In fact, before this, women couldn’t abort their child, even in case of rape. They had to keep the child, even if they didn't want it, even if the parents couldn’t feed the baby,... The only legal way of abortion was when the mother was too sick and would die if she kept the child! But thanks to Simone Veil, all that changed. Here is why! Born in 1927, Simone Veil was a French woman from Lorraine, a region next to belgium. She was a minister of health and president of the European parliament. She wrote her autobiography in 2007 and entered the French academy in 2008. She also won a lot of other prizes! When she was a teenager, she was deported with her friends Madeleinne and Yvonne to Auschwitz because she was Jewish. She fought for the rights of Jewish people and told her story. She tried to raise awareness with her story. When she was minister of health, she changed some important laws: first, the law to abortion. Like said above, she fought for women's rights by removing all the blocking laws about aborticide. It was just a test for 5 years but still, a lot changed because everyone could freely (almost) abort. Secondly, she accepted a law fighting against tabagism, as a smoker herself. She also was the second feminine minister to be chosen. In 1979, she became President of the European parliament. That was the first time a woman had such an important role in politics. When she was there, she fought for human rights in general but also for women’s rights.

To conclude, Simone Veil fought a lot for women’s rights and has told her story about the Holocaust to help jewish people being listened to. She changed a lot as a minister and as President of the EU parliament by helping other people! Her story is important because even today we have to fight for the right of abortion because there are still countries that do not have this right (like shown on the map at the bottom). Our opinion is that she is a great woman who fought to help jews by speaking out and women who needed abortion. She is a model of a strong woman. We believe her actions are truly courageous and women like her are needed in the world. We believe that everyone should follow her example in order to fight for their rights. Sky, Robin & Jente 5A Collège Visitation La Berlière Belgium 5 april 2023

The battle of Martin Luther King Human rights are important because they give us rights and freedoms. An example of a person that fought for these human rights is Martin Luther King. Because he fought for racial and economic justice, and was driven by his belief that all people have the right to earn a fair and dignified living — regardless of race, occupation, or socio-economic status. First of all Martin Luther King Jr was born in Atlanta in Georgia on 15 january 1929, and murdered on 4 april 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee; he was a Baptist minister and African-American non-violent activist for the American civil rights movement, fervent activist for peace and against poverty We can give you some examples of his actions. • In 1955, he was the leader of the boycott of the bus company from Montgomery in Alabama, one peaceful protest campaign that lasted 381 days and led to the end of segregation in the city buses. • He received the nobel peace prize in 1964 for his non-violent leadership in the fight for equal rights • Thanks to him, Afro-American citizens have the possibility to interacial marriage to start business(es) in the United States. We choose this character because we love his history and his actions for equality and for racism.

In conclusion his actions had a really big impact and this impact is still visible up till now. We also admire that he lived his life fearless and that he was so brave! Reda , Ethan, Léa , Marie College Visitation La Berlière Belgium April 2023

José Saramago José Saramago, the esteemed Portuguese author, exemplified a steadfast commitment to the principles of human rights throughout his illustrious life. With his profound literary oeuvre, he delved into the profound depths of injustice, inequality, and oppression, fervently emphasizing the paramount importance of safeguarding human rights and preserving human dignity. Saramago fearlessly scrutinized the Portuguese government, fearlessly exposing instances of corruption and policies that perpetuated the marginalization of society's most vulnerable constituents. Moreover, he established the revered José Saramago Foundation, an institution dedicated to the cultivation of culture, the promotion of human rights, and the fostering of solidarity. Saramago's resolute advocacy extended internationally, as he resolutely protested against the Iraq War and fervently championed the cause of freedom of expression. Undoubtedly, his enduring legacy as an erudite wordsmith and unwavering champion of human rights continues to resonate as a profound source of inspiration across the globe.

Aristides de Sousa Mendes Aristides de Sousa Mendes, a Portuguese diplomat, played a significant role in the fight for human rights during World War II. Despite orders from the dictatorial regime of Salazar, Sousa Mendes defied the ban on issuing visas and saved thousands of lives. As the Portuguese Consul in Bordeaux, France, he granted visas to refugees, including Jews, who were fleeing Nazi persecution. Sousa Mendes' courageous actions resulted in his dismissal and subsequent marginalization. However, his heroism was posthumously recognized, and he was named \"Righteous Among the Nations\" by Yad Vashem. His story serves as a testament to the importance of acting on moral conviction, even in the face of adversity, and his legacy continues to inspire as a symbol of compassion and the defense of human dignity.

Mário Soares Mário Soares was a prominent figure in the fight for human rights in Portugal. He played a crucial role in the transition to democracy after the Salazarist dictatorship. Soares was a strong advocate for freedom of expression, association, and equal rights for all Portuguese citizens. As the founder of the Socialist Party of Portugal, he fought for the legalization of political parties and free and fair elections. Soares also championed the rights of minorities and gender equality. Throughout his political career, including serving as Foreign Minister, Prime Minister, and President of Portugal, Soares consistently promoted human rights, both domestically and internationally. His unwavering dedication to civil, social, and political rights strengthened democratic institutions and contributed to Portugal's entry into the European Union. Mário Soares remains a symbol of the struggle for human rights in Portugal, leaving a lasting legacy as a relentless defender of democracy and human rights.

Maria de Lurdes Pintasilgo Maria de Lurdes Pintasilgo was a prominent advocate for human rights in Portugal and internationally. As the first female Prime Minister of Portugal, she championed gender equality and women's rights, advocating for equal pay, access to education, and the eradication of gender-based violence. Pintasilgo also fought for the rights of children and youth, promoting policies that ensured their well-being, education, and equal opportunities. She was actively involved in international organizations, contributing to social justice, gender equality, poverty reduction, and environmental sustainability. Pintasilgo's lifelong commitment to human rights, gender equality, peace, and environmental stewardship continues to inspire those striving for a just, inclusive, and sustainable society.

José Ramos-Horta José Ramos-Horta, a Nobel Peace Prize laureate, played a pivotal role in advocating for the rights of the East Timorese people. As a human rights activist and diplomat, he fought against the Indonesian occupation of East Timor, raising awareness about the human rights violations taking place. Ramos-Horta's tireless efforts and diplomatic negotiations eventually led to the independence of East Timor. His unwavering determination and dedication to justice make him one of Portugal's most influential human rights advocates.

Emergency and Gino Strada’s mission This article is about Gino Strada. He was a very important figure in my country in the fight of human rights and he was strongly against war. But … Let’s go back to square one! Gino Strada (1948-2021), was an Italian doctor and founder of Emergency, a non-governmental organization that deals with providing medical and surgical assistance to victims of war, landmines and extreme poverty. He was an important figure in promoting respect for human rights through his work of helping and supporting those in need. Emergency was founded in 1994, after that Strada spent several years working as a doctor in war zones in Afghanistan and other parts of the world. He saw firsthand the dire consequences of war on civilians, and decided he had to do something to help these people. He founded this organization with the aim of providing medical assistance to war victims and promoting peace through dialogue and solidarity. Emergency focuses on providing high quality medical care to war victims, refugees, people living in extreme poverty and landmine victims. Furthermore, the organization

is committed to promoting peace and respect for human rights through awareness- raising, education and the creation of solidarity networks. Gino Strada dedicated a large part of his life to working with Emergency, and he is known internationally for his humanitarian work. He received numerous awards and honors for his work, including the Nobel Peace Prize in 1999. His focus on human rights extended beyond his work with Emergency. He wrote numerous books and articles on the human rights in different parts of the world, criticizing human rights violations and the role of great powers in perpetuating war and instability. Furthermore, Strada underlined the importance of international cooperation and solidarity between peoples as fundamental to building a more just and peaceful world. He criticized the way governments often use war as a foreign policy tool, and promoted the idea that peace and stability can only be achieved through dialogue and cooperation. Gino Strada was a true hero in promoting respect for human rights. Through his work with Emergency and his awareness activities, he demonstrated that respect for human rights is not an option, but a necessity to build a better and more just world. His legacy will live on despite his death, and will continue to inspire future generations to fight for peace and respect for human rights. Davide Donzella 3B IT

A TRUE SICILIAN HERO: PAOLO BORSELLINO Paolo Borsellino was an Italian magistrate who played a crucial role in the fight against organized crime, particularly the Sicilian Mafia. Born in Palermo, Sicily, in 1940, Borsellino became a judge in 1975 and dedicated his career to investigating and prosecuting Mafia-related crimes. He was known for his courage, integrity, and determination to bring justice to the victims of Mafia violence. One of Borsellino's most significant achievements was his work as the lead prosecutor in the Maxi Trial, a landmark trial held in Palermo in the mid- 1980s that resulted in the convictions of more than 300 Mafia members. Borsellino's success in this trial made him a target of the Mafia, who saw him as a threat to their criminal enterprise. Despite the dangers he faced, Borsellino continued to investigate and prosecute Mafia crimes, earning him the admiration and respect of many Italians. On July 19, 1992, Borsellino and his police escort were killed by a car bomb in Palermo. The attack, which also killed five members of his security detail, was believed to have been carried out by the Mafia in retaliation for Borsellino's work

against them. His death shocked the nation and sparked widespread outrage and protests against the Mafia. Borsellino's legacy lives on today, as he is remembered as a hero in the fight against organized crime. His courage and determination continue to inspire others to stand up to corruption and injustice. In 2002, the Italian government established a national holiday in honor of Borsellino and his fellow magistrate Giovanni Falcone, who was also killed by the Mafia in 1992. In my opinion, Paolo Borsellino was a true hero who dedicated his life to fighting against the Mafia and bringing justice to the victims of their crimes. His courage and determination in the face of danger and adversity are an inspiration to us all. His legacy serves as a reminder of the importance of standing up to corruption and working to create a just and fair society because, as Borsellino’s best friend and colleague used to say: \" Mafia is a social phenomenon and, as any other social phenomenon, it had a beginning and it will have an ending\".

Stand Up for Human Rights As a Sicilian, when I think of a role model, I immediately think of Peppino Impastato, a true Sicilian who fought tirelessly for less corruption and more peace in Sicily. Peppino's story is extraordinary not only because at the time he was one of the few to denounce the mafia realities that many still pretended not to see, but also because he himself came from a family affiliated with organized crime and had the courage to make a different choice. Peppino Impastato was born in 1948 in the small town of Cinisi, located near Palermo, the capital of Sicily. He grew up in a family with strong ties to the mafia, as his father was a member of the local criminal organization. However, Peppino was determined to distance himself from the world of organized crime and began to denounce the mafia's presence in Sicily. Peppino's political activism began in his teenage years when he joined the Communist Youth Federation. He became a prominent member of the federation, organizing protests against the mafia and the corrupt politicians who enabled them. Peppino's activism became more radical as he matured, and he eventually founded a radio station called Radio Aut, which he used to speak out against the mafia and the government. Peppino's radio station became incredibly popular, and he used it to promote his anti- mafia message to a wider audience. He mocked the mafia bosses and exposed their crimes, using humor and satire to undermine their power. Peppino also criticized the Italian government for their complacency and inaction towards the mafia. Despite the risks, Peppino continued to speak out against the mafia, becoming more and more vocal in his criticism. He even ran for mayor of his hometown, promising to

clean up the corruption and mafia influence that plagued the town. However, his campaign was cut short when he was murdered in 1978 at the age of 30. Peppino's death was a tragedy, but his legacy lives on. His courage and determination continue to inspire people all over the world to stand up against corruption and fight for human rights. Peppino was a true hero, and his story is a testament to the power of the individual to make a difference. He is remembered as a symbol of hope and resistance in the fight against organized crime and corruption. In conclusion, Peppino Impastato's life and activism demonstrate the importance of standing up for what is right and fighting against injustice. His bravery and persistence serve as an example to all those who seek to create a more just and equitable society. Peppino's legacy will continue to inspire generations to come to fight for human rights and stand up against corruption and oppression.

A Woman with her own voice Emma Bonino is an Italian politician and activist who has dedicated her life to promoting human rights. She has worked tirelessly to protect the rights of women, minorities, and refugees, and has been a vocal advocate for democracy, freedom of speech, and social justice. Born in 1948 in Bra, Italy, Bonino started her career as an activist in the 1970s, campaigning for the rights of women, immigrants, and LGBT communities. She became a prominent figure in Italian politics in the 1990s, serving as the Minister for European Affairs and Foreign Trade. Throughout her career, Bonino has been a strong supporter of human rights, and has worked to promote them both within Italy and abroad. She has been a vocal critic of human rights abuses in countries such as Iran, Afghanistan, and China, and has campaigned for the rights of refugees and asylum seekers in Europe. One of Bonino's key

achievements has been her work to promote the rights of women, particularly in the area of reproductive health. She has been a vocal supporter of abortion rights, and has campaigned for the decriminalization of abortion in Italy. She has also worked to promote access to contraception and to improve maternal health care in developing countries. She has spoken out against authoritarian governments, and has campaigned for free and fair elections in countries such as Egypt, Tunisia, and Libya. She has defended the rights of journalists and bloggers to report on sensitive issues. In recognition of her tireless work for human rights, Bonino has received numerous awards and honors, including the Nobel Peace Prize as part of the European Union in 2012. She remains a powerful voice for human rights and social justice, and continues to inspire people around the world with her courage, determination, and commitment to making the world a better place. Livolsi Silvia, Barilà Andrea, 3 aprile 2023

A humble man … a strong personality: Don Andrea Gallo This article is about Don Andrea Gallo. He was only one of the most beloved and outstanding figures who fought for human rights in my country, so, let’s start from the beginning. Andrea Gallo was born on March 18, 1928 in Genoa, so he was a direct witness of Fascism; he was known for his strong advocacy for the marginalized and vulnerable communities in Italy, but he mostly worked in Genoa, so much so that he was affectionately called \"Don Gallo\" by the local community. He was a priest who served the people of Genoa for over 50 years, and his work focused on promoting human rights and social justice, particularly for those who were excluded from mainstream society. One of the more significant contributions was his work with the homeless and drug addicts. He opened a shelter, called Comunità San Benedetto al Porto for the homeless in 1973, which provided food, shelter, and medical care to those in need. He also established a drug rehabilitation center to help drug addicts recover and reintegrate into society.

He was a firm believer in rehabilitation and used to say: “Everyone deserves a second chance”. He worked tirelessly to ensure that the marginalized and vulnerable communities received the support and resources they needed. Other than helping the community, was also a strong advocate for peace and non-violence, a vocal critic of war and conflict and campaigned for peace and reconciliation; he was an active member of the peace movement of Italy, and his work, along with the delicate political situation in Italy at the time, inspired many others to join the movement. He also helped migrants and refugees that came to our country, he criticized the government's policies towards migrants and refugees and spoke out against the injustice and lack of respect these people were and still are treated with. Welcoming and integrating migrants into society was a key issue for him, and his work paved the way for many others to follow in his footsteps. All in all, don Andrea Gallo's contribution to promoting human rights in my country was significant and far-reaching. His legacy continues to inspire many to work towards creating a better world, and his example serves as a reminder of the importance of standing up for what is right and just. I personally hope there will be many more people like Gallo, he was a simple man of strong character and had his head set on helping people, nor politics or insensible people could stop all the love he had for life, and the life of others. Andrea Sanguedolce 3BIT

Atatürk and Human Rights Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was a Turkish field marshal, revolutionary statesman, author, and the founder of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first pr esident from 1923 until his death in 1938. He undertook sweeping progressive reforms, which modernized Turkey into a secular, industrializing nation. Ideologically a secularist and nationalist, his policies and socio-political theories became known as Kemalism. Due to his military and political accomplishments, Atatürk is regarded as one of the most important political leaders of the 20th century. Because of his contribution to our country, we always remember Atatürk with respect, gratitude and appreciation. Here are some his sayings on Human Rights: - Human rights are earned by being born, they do not wait, they are worthy of human beings, they are for a humane life.

- Human rights are the foundation of civilized life, the highest value of our age, its guarantee is democracy. - Human rights are freedom of thought and expression, living with dignity, equality and freedom. - People and nations that do not respect human rights can never achieve peace. - Human rights are the most peaceful weapon on earth that protect us. They are like rules telling us how to act. They are like judges; we can refer to them. They are abstract like emotions, but they belong to everyone like emotions. - Just like nature; cannot be eliminated. Just like the soul; indestructible. It is like time; it treats us all the same no matter rich and poor, old and young, black and white, tall and short. - It gives us respect and imposes on us the responsibility of respecting others. - Human rights are the rights acquired by being human; they are not rights that we have acquired through a promise or guarantee or purchase by someone else. Human rights are a natural consequence of our human dignity. - Every individual has the right and freedom to think what we want, to believe what we want, to have a political opinion of our own, to do or not to do the necessities of a religion we choose. No one's opinions and consciences cannot be the judge.

Şebnem Korur Fincancı Şebnem Korur Fincancı was born in Istanbul. She is Turkish forensic specialist doctor. She is a founding member of the Forensic Medicine Specialists Association, the Turkish Criminal Law Association, the Human Rights Foundation of Turkey and the Criminal Law Research Association. She is the Head of the Department of Forensic Medicine at Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine between 1997-2007 and the Chairman of the Central Council of the Turkish Medical Association from 2020-2022 to 2022-2024. In 1992, she became a founding member of the Forensic Medicine Specialists Association. She was the chairman of the board of directors of the association between 1993-1996.

She was the general secretary of the Istanbul Chamber of Medicine from 1996-1998 to 2002-2006. She founded the first Forensic Type Outpatient Clinic of Turkey in 1999. She has been a columnist for the Evrensel newspaper since 2003. Awards : Leading Women award (2014) Hrant Dink Award (2014).

In conclusion Many countries have their own people who fight for their rights, demonstrating the universal nature of the struggle for equality. Across the globe, countless individuals have dedicated their lives to advocating for the rights and dignity of others. Their legacies serve as a reminder that the fight for human rights is an ongoing journey. While celebrating the contributions of individuals it is crucial to recognize the countless others who have dedicated their lives to creating a more just and inclusive world. By acknowledging and honoring these individuals' efforts, we can draw inspiration and find the strength to continue championing human rights for all. This ongoing work ensures that the values of equality, freedom, and dignity are upheld in our present and future societies.