The 30th Special CU – af Seminar 2022

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 Introduction and Objectives Abandoned, lost or otherwise discarded fishing gear (ALDFG) is a serious growing concern globally due to the numerous critical impacts on environment and economic[1]. After the fishing gears were abandoned, they would have continuously trapped the marine creatures randomly. Consequently, not only the animals were threatened but the benthic environment was also altered in addition to several negative impacts e.g. marine food web contamination by chemical and plastic, increased dangerous navigation situation, beach debris/ litter, etc. The majority part of ocean debris was known to be originated 80% from land, while Laurent’ research team informed that the fishing net waste was accounted for 46% of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch[2]. The typical lifecycle of marine debris was well illustrated in Figure 1 [3]. Figure 1: Marine debris lifecycle Therefore, the number of international organizations have enthusiastic about the activities and agreements on resolving marine debris crisis. Moreover, this widespread concern had been raised to the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA). FAO was a pioneer in the field of ALDFG problem and launched the Impact of Fishing on the Environment Programme to deal with this issue. Until recently, the European Union (EU) have launched the MARELITT Baltic project[4] which was the comprehensive study starting at fishing gear waste retrieving from ocean in order to find the potential way to recycle this waste. The MARELITT Baltic Report in 2018 notified the interesting method to recycle the derelict fishing gear; material recycling and thermal conversion for energy recovery[4]. Figure 2: Thermochemical conversion process and products[5] 86

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 In 2004, Haruyuki Kanehiro[6] from Tokyo University reviewed about fisheries plastic waste recycling. The publication informed that the limitation of fishing gear waste recycling was the small quantity of waste, though the increasing trend of fishing net waste was obvious. In addition, the general treatment of this waste was incineration for energy recovery and disposed in landfill in which the latter is in desperate shortage and also resulting in a severe damage the environment. Therefore, a certain amount of alternative way for resource recovery and recycling were mentioned, especially by distinction thermal conversion[7] which has great potential to generate fuels[5], chemicals, and synthesis gas (Figure 2). In order to the appropriate design of thermochemical conversion process, it is important to define the distinction of various fishing net wastes because of the variety of plastic with distinctive structure and properties[7]. Thermal conversion is generally known as the practical process for plastic waste chemical recycling, and energy recovery[8], particularly in gasification and pyrolysis since they could be accompanied with other facilities due to their relatively compact footprint and rapid turnover time. For energy recovery, gasification is the promising technology for production of synthesis gas with robust cold gas efficiency[9], whereas, the main route for fuel and chemical production from plastic waste is the pyrolysis process[10], for instance, HDPE fishing net waste could be recovery as liquid fuel by pyrolysis process[11]. Moreover, thermochemical conversion is prospective technique to overcome the limitation of mixed-material[12] which is the unique of fishing net waste[4] including non-polymer material from the production line, e.g. heavy metals. In addition, this type of waste could be contaminated during their use such as the fishing gears were soaked in seawater for long time. According to the product distribution from thermochemical processes, it would be categorized as chemical species and could be decided for further utilization of that particular feedstock[5]. For example, if the major chemical species is monomers, one might decide to recapture of the chemicals that the feedstocks were originally produced, or the assortment of thermal product is the chemical species for fuel, then further be used in appropriate way. For considering the appropriate way to further effective and environmentally sound recycling and recovery, characteristics of sample are important for experimental and process design. Moreover, the impurities which are heterogeneous non-polymeric materials that could interfere with most recovery and recycling processes. Their comprehensive data would encourage manufacturers to implement more environmental-friendly products with superior recycle and recovery performance. The Gulf of Thailand (GoT) is located in Southeast Asia surrounded by Cambodia, Malaysia, Vietnam, and Thailand. In the last years, unfortunate news of large derelict fishing nets covering the massive area of the plentiful coral reef had stunned the public due to the dimension and coverage area of this ghost net of 200 meter in length and 50 meter in width, and weight of 0.8 tons. Soon after, there were a few derelict fishing nets which covered around 400 m2 of sea floor and coral reef retrieved from seafloor of GoT. Those were collected by specialist drivers from government agencies and volunteers. This research investigates four derelict fishing nets from those retrieving. However, approximately 10% of the debris in the ocean is nylon[1], or polyamides (PA) which is the synthetic fiber made of polymers. PA or nylon has been the majority fraction of fishing net production for a long time[6] compared to the current application of high density polyethylene (HDPE) as raw materials[13]. The polymer types and thermal product distribution of ALDFG from GoT would be presented. 87

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 All samples will be investigated via three parts for better understanding on physiochemical characteristic of fishing net waste (including commercial polymers), product distribution via fast pyrolysis, and heavy metals as the impurity. Thus, the objectives of this research as followed: 1. To investigate the different structure and properties of commercial polymers and fishing net wastes (ALDFG) from Gulf of Thailand. 2. To study thermal conversion behavior and product distribution, chemical species and compounds, on fishing net wastes. 3. To explore the impurities and/ or contaminants in samples. Methods The study was performed at Chulalongkorn University and the National Metal and Materials Technology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency. This research is separated into three parts, the first is material characteristic and thermal properties analysis (SEM, proximate analysis, FTIR, TGA). The second part is thermal conversion by pyrolysis reaction (Py-GC/MS). The last one is to study the impurities especially heavy metals (ICP). Materials Waste fishing nets were collected from the Gulf of Thailand. Four sampling locations, including KFN, LFN, MFN and UFN, are shown in Figure 3. The preliminary analysis of the physical properties exhibited their different characteristics as follows: KFN contained thin blue fibers and large brown ropes, incorporating to a bonding-like structure, which was different from others comprised of one type of net panels. LFN was a soft fiber and large-scale structure of net, which was attached by some impurities such as sand and a small number of other crumbs. MFN had similar characteristics to the LFN, but is obviously smaller scale of the net. UFN was more rigid and contained higher amounts of impurities than other samples. Figure 3: Four samples of ALDFG collected from Gulf of Thai (a) KFN (b) LFN (c) MFN and (d) 88

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 Results and Discussion Scanning electron microscope (SEM) SEM analysis revealed that these waste fishing nets had obviously different morphology (Figure 4). KFN and UFN were a single line fiber whereas LFN and MFN were ropes made of twisted fibers with different patterns and their surface contained the attached contaminants after uses and from marine organisms. Figure 4: Morphology study results at 100X of four net waste; KFN LFN MFN and UFN Proximate analysis The chemical properties of the four waste fishing nets, such as moisture, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), fixed carbon and ash, were tested by proximate analysis (Table 1). The result showed that these samples comprised 93% VOCs, less than 1.8% moisture, 0.1-0.5% fixed carbon and less than 5.8% ash. When compared with commercial polymers (PA) and polyolefins (polyethylene, PE), the similar chemical properties and different amounts of ash were observed. The commercial polymers contained less than 2.2% ash. While, a different ash was observed in these waste fishing nets, KFN, LFN, MFN and UFN, which contained 1.98, 2.79, 1.98 and 5.73%, respectively. This might be due to the contaminates after uses and from marine organisms. 89

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 FTIR results This research was carried out by FT-IR Imaging Microscope (Spectrum Spotlight 300), Perkin Elmer. The chemical structures of virgin polymers or commercial plastic and four waste fishing nets (KFN, LFN, MFN and UFN) were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) as shown in Figure 5. The signal intensity of wavenumber displayed the bonding type of nets and identification of functional groups on the surface of waste fishing nets (Table 2). The characteristics of KFN, LFN and MFN showed the identical functional groups. The vibrations approximately at 3400-3300 cm-1 for N-H stretching and 3100-2800 cm-1 for C-H stretching, corresponds to the main backbone of the polymer. Additionally, the intensity peaks at 1636, 1548, 1460 and 1264 cm-1 are attributed to the stretching of amide bonds. Vibration at 1200 and 690 cm-1 are related to C–H and C-C stretching of the polymer structure. Figure 5: Chemical structure of (a) commercial plastic and (b) fishing net waste via FTIR technique This agreed with Kim et al.[14] that the FTIR spectra exhibited several typical vibrations corresponding to unuse waste fishing nets. The result indicates that waste fishing nets, KFN, LFN and MF, are made of polyamide polymer (PA) or nylon, Nylon 6,6 and Nylon 6, which are commercial products synthesized from different polymers. However, the PA types of the waste fishing nets were required advanced analytical instruments to identify chemical compounds during decomposition under pyrolysis, discussed in further study. UFN showed the different FTIR spectra from other samples: 3100-2800 cm-1 for C-C stretching, 1200 cm-1 and 690 cm-1 for C-H and C-C stretching of the structure, respectively. While, the vibrations of the amide bond stretching and others were not detected. This indicated that UFN consisted of polyolefins such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). 90

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 However, PE and PP could not be distinguished by FTIR analysis. Therefore, the advanced analytical instruments were required to identify chemical compounds by pyrolysis that was also examined for other waste fishing nets (KFN, LFN and MFN). TGA results Thermal degradation process was carried out by TGA Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA), Mettler Toledo: TGA2. Thermal decomposition profiles of the 4 waste fishing nets and commercial polymers (PA and PE) was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The analysis was detected from 50-600 ºC with a heating rate 10 ºC/min under 20 ml/min flow rate of nitrogen atmosphere. The decomposition profiles were evidently differed in both commercial polymers, PA and PE (Figure 6(a). The first decomposition region (Tonset) of both polymers was found at 375 ºC. Weight loss with maximum degradation (Tendset) occurring at 511 ºC could be attributed to depolymerization of PA and the highest degradation temperature (Tmax) at 470 ºC. While, 90% weight loss of PE was obtained by the continuous decomposition at 518 ºC and highest degradation temperature at 490 ºC. The degradation and weight loss patterns of waste fishing nets, PA and PE polyolefin, were differed. The degradation behaviors of waste fishing nets (PA type), including KFN, LFN and MFN, showed the similar Tonset with the commercial PA. The Tmax of KFN, LFN and MFN, were at 471, 461 and 461 ºC, respectively, and Tendset at 496 ºC. Figure 6: Thermal decomposition of (a) commercial polymer and (b) fishing net waste via TGA technique The degradation behaviors are depended on various factors such as molecular weight of the polymers, fiber structures and amount of impurity. UFN waste fishing net made of PE polyolefin showed little higher degradation temperatures (Tonset, Tmax and Tendset) than the commercial polymers. The slight change in decomposition behaviors confirmed that the polymer used for fishing nets had stability after uses. However, the chemical compounds such as additives or others substances are risk to contaminate into marine ecosystems. Since the TGA analysis indicated that the degradation behaviors of the 4 waste fishing nets were observed at 375-530 ºC. Therefore, fast pyrolysis using Pyrolyzer-Gas chromatography-Mass spectrophotometer (Py-GCMS) technique could be targeted at 400, 500, 600 and 700 ºC. Pyrolysis GC/MS results All samples were pyrolyzed via pyrolysis (AS-1020E; Frontier Lab) Gas Chromatography (GC 2030; Shimadzu) Mass Spectrometer (QP 2010 NX; Shimadzu). Fast pyrolysis was 91

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 employed to rapidly pyrolyze by using Py-GCMS in order to simulate the conditions for the thermal transformation of marine wastes to alternative energy in the form of bio-oil using instruments. The test conditions are shown in Table 3. Chromatograms of the gas products obtained from waste fishing nets by fast pyrolysis using the Py-GCMS are shown in Figure 7. The result showed that the chromatograms of these waste fishing nets were divided into 2 groups, depending on the different degradation behaviors of both polymers. This was corresponded with the FTIR spectrogram supported that KFN, LFN and MFN were made of polyamide polymer (PA) (Figure 7 (a)–(c)), in contrast to UFN made of polyolefin (Figure 7 (d)). Additionally, the pyrolyzed products were divided to 7 groups based on the chemical structures. Figure 7: The pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) chromatograms obtained for the samples at 400-700 °C; (a) KFN (b) LFN (c) MFN, (d) UFN The degradation of KFN released N-compound, ketone and aliphatic HC, low molecular weight (C3-C6), at retention time (RT) of 0-8 min. The chromatogram of caprolactam was detected at RT 19.60 min (Figure 8), which were N-compound and monomer of Nylon 6 polymer. Lehrle et al.[15] and Lim et al.[16] reported the same chromatogram of caprolactam 92

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 when of Nylon 6 was pyrolyzed at 400 and 600 ºC, respectively. In addition, the N-compound product was continuously detected until at RT 60 min. Low signal was detected at 400 ºC due to incomplete degradation of KFN; however, the visibly signal was observed after the increased temperature up to 500 ºC and high intensity of signal was obtained from 600 ºC. In LFN and MFN, the increased temperature result in signal intensity of the N-compound, ketone, ester and aliphatic HC (C3-C6) at RT 0-8 min. The strong signal was still caprolactam. In contrast, the chromatogram of UFN was detected as large molecular weight (C4-C10) of aliphatic HC at RT 0-10 min. At RT 9-60, a consistent signal of chromatogram was obtained. The intensity and highest of signals were detected at RT 9-30 min but the signal height was decreased after a longer RT. These products were aliphatic HC and alcohol obtained from the degradation of polyolefin and the additive products, respectively. Furthermore, the effect of temperature on signal strength showed the same trend with PA polymers (KFN, LFN and MFN) at 400 ºC, at which incomplete degradation was found. At 500-700 ºC, a greater signal intensity was observed and the maximum signal was at 700 ºC. Figure 8: Caprolactam Moreover, it was evident that the dispersion characteristics of the products were quite similar in the PA waste fishing net, with 59-99% of the N-compound product. The products formed by pyrolysis were categorized by the conditions as shown in Figure 9. When the temperature of pyrolysis was increased, the products were reduced from 93-99% at 400 ºC to 59-76% at 700 ºC. It was about 26-85% caprolactam that was depolymerized by depropagation of PA. This was agreed with Kim et al.[17] reported that caprolactam could be degraded at 500 ºC. The reduction of the N-compound at high temperatures is consistent with the increase in the aliphatic HC, ester and ketone by denitrogenation reaction from the polymer structure. For example, the release of nitrogen from the amide group (-CO-NH-) in the structure of caprolactam by cracking an aromatic structure. The generated products were hydrocarbon compounds (aliphatic HC) and ketone (-CO-) that can react with active gases in the system to form ester (-CO-O-). The highest amounts of aliphatic HC and ketone were obtained in ranged 12-18% and 7-22%, respectively, at 700 ºC, while about 5-6% of ester was gained at 600 ºC. This indicates that the increase in aliphatic HC and ketones is due to the decomposition of ester products. The products obtained from pyrolysis of UFN polyolefin were obviously distinguished from PA polymer. The majority of the products were 56-92% aliphatic HC and 4-38% alcohol, whereas the N-compound was detected at only low temperature, 400 ºC. In addition, other groups of products such as ester and ketone were also found with low amount.Aliphatic HC is a wide range of molecules from C4-C54, depending on temperatures. The increasing temperature, aliphatic HC was markedly increased from 64 to 92% at 400 to 700 ºC. This indicated that depolymerization of polyolefin by random chain scission was occurred at higher temperature. In addition, high amount of alcohol was found at 500-600 ºC. Most of the products were 1-hexacosanol which 93

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 is a lubricant in the fiber-forming process[18]. This was decreased at the raised temperature up to 700 ºC since the released hydroxyl group to form an aliphatic HC, leading to a significant enhanced from 66% to 92% at 600 to 700 ºC. Figure 9: Product distribution of fishing net waste via fast pyrolysis at 400-700 °C (a) KFN (b) LFN (c) MFN and (c) UFN The distribution of various products generated during the pyrolysis process suggested that the four waste fishing nets (KFN, LFN, MFN and UFN) were significantly distinguished. The PA nets (KFN, LFN and MFN) contained the pyrolyzed N-compound product (caprolactam), which is a monomer of Nylon-6 polymer produced by depolymerization via depropagation. In contrast, waste fishing nets, polyolefins (UFN), consisted of mainly aliphatic HC and followed by alcoholic lubricant. The pyrolyzed products and distribution are the important information that is useful to develop a guideline for recovery the waste fishing nets. For example, the waste can be used to produce the energy in form of synthetic gas by gasification technology. Additionally, valuable chemicals such as caprolactam, which is generated during the pyrolysis process, can be reused for Nylon-6 polymer production. Figure 10: N-compound products by type categorized from fast pyrolysis at 400-700 °C of KFN LFN and MFN 94

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 Since high amount (59-99%) of N-compound was generated during pyrolysis of PA waste fishing net, the type and quantity of N-compound were analyzed to categorize waste fishing nets into seven groups. This study was served as in-depth information for application in the future. The results showed that the N-compound products were identified as N-Amide groups (Figure 10). It corresponded with the detection of caprolactam, which is consisted of Amide group (-CO-NH-). N-Amide groups tended to decrease from 76-85% to 32-58% when the temperature was increase (from 400 to 700 ºC). The amount of N-Amide found in each type of waste fishing nets was similar and the highest of N-Amide content was detected in LFN, followed by MFN and KFN, respectively. The decrease of N-Amide after the raised temperature from 400 to 700 ºC corresponded to the increase of N-Nitrile (R-CN) generated during the oxygen removal process of the N-Amide structure and the products still contained over 32% of N-Amide content even temperature up to 700 ºC. The result indicated that the caprolactam monomer was an appropriate precursor for polymer synthesis and other industrial productions. However, to produce liquid fuel with the high quality, efficiently catalytic enzymes to eliminate the nitrogen from the products are necessary to obtain both aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons that are the important components of biofuel used as alternative fuel or petrochemical in the future. Heavy metals All sample were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) based on standard method of water and wastewater 22nd Edition (2012) as in Table 4. The result displayed the highest heavy metal was chromium in LFN and KFN, while copper and zinc were high in all samples. Therefore, KFN might be the lowest impurities net waste, whilst UFN contained high contaminant in particular Cu, Zn, and Pb. Conclusion In conclusion, this is the first report of thermal conversion products of ALDGF collected from Gulf of Thai (GoT). KFN and UFN were a single line fiber whereas LFN and MFN were ropes made of twisted fibers with different patterns. VOCs was majority composition with different ash content which might due to the contaminates after uses and from marine organisms. FTIR analysis showed very same functional groups of UFN and virgin PE, while the rest is of PA. According to TGA analysis, UFN waste fishing net made of PE polyolefin showed little higher degradation temperatures (Tonset, Tmax and Tendset) than the commercial 95

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 polymers, while behaviors of waste fishing nets (PA type), including KFN, LFN and MFN, showed the similar Tonset with the commercial PA. Observed functional group of FN indicated signal of amide linkage (-CO-NH-) of KFN, LFN, and MFN that corresponding to polyamide (PA) as raw materials. For UFN, signal of -CH- stretching of aliphatic structure of polyethylene (PE) were observed. Fishing net made from PA displayed Caprolactam, as its monomer. Furthermore, LFN and MFN seemed to produce greater amount of Caprolactam than KFN which might be related to their molecular weight. For UFN, pyrolytic products were selective to alkane and alkene. Difference on product selectivity between PA and PE group is due to its instinctive depolymerization mechanism with depropagation and random chain scission, respectively. Collected FNs made from polyamide (Nylon 6) and polyethylene (PE) significantly decomposed to chemical compounds related to their depolymerization mechanism. Fishing net from PA release Caprolactam while PE emit alkane and alkene. The three highest heavy metals amount were Cu, Zn, and Cr. Therefore, these kind sof waste has potential for chemical recovery based on appropriate hazardous waste management such heavy metals. References 1. Macfadyen, G., T. Huntington, and R. Cappell, Abandoned, lost or otherwise discarded fishing gear. 2009. 2. Lebreton, L., et al., Evidence that the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is rapidly accumulating plastic. Scientific reports, 2018. 8(1): p. 1-15. 3. Iñiguez, M.E., J.A. Conesa, and A. Fullana, Marine debris occurrence and treatment: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016. 64: p. 394-402. 4. Stolte, A. and F. Schneider, Recycling options for derelict fishing gear. MARELITT Baltic Report (2018). 2018. 5. Lopez, G., et al., Recent advances in the gasification of waste plastics. A critical overview. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2018. 82: p. 576-596. 6. Kanehiro, H., Disposal and recycling of fisheries plastic wastes: fishing net and expanded polystyrene, in Developments in Food Science. 2004, Elsevier. p. 253-261. 7. Mastellone, M.L., A feasibility assessment of an integrated plastic waste system adopting mechanical and thermochemical conversion processes. Resources, Conservation & Recycling: X, 2019. 4: p. 100017. 8. Al-Salem, S.M., P. Lettieri, and J. Baeyens, Recycling and recovery routes of plastic solid waste (PSW): A review. Waste Management, 2009. 29(10): p. 2625-2643. 9. Gershman, B., Gasification of non-recycled plastics from municipal solid waste in the United States. GBB Solid Waste Management Consultants: McLean, VA, USA, 2013. 10. Kunwar, B., et al., Plastics to fuel: a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016. 54: p. 421-428. 11. Sivathanu, N., N. Anantham, and M. Peer, An experimental investigation on waste fishing net as an alternate fuel source for diesel engine. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019. 26. 12. Lee, J.W., et al., Gasification of Mixed Plastic Wastes in a Moving-Grate Gasifier and Application of the Producer Gas to a Power Generation Engine. Energy & Fuels, 2013. 27(4): p. 2092-2098. 13. Srimahachota, T., H. Yokota, and Y. Akira, Recycled Nylon Fiber from Waste Fishing Nets as Reinforcement in Polymer Cement Mortar for the Repair of Corroded RC Beams. Materials, 2020. 13(19): p. 4276. 96

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 14. Kim, S.-S., et al., Thermal pyrolysis of fresh and waste fishing nets. 2005. 25(8): p. 811-817. 15. Lehrle, R., et al., Thermal degradation mechanisms of nylon 6 deduced from kinetic studies by pyrolysis-gc. 2000. 67(1): p. 21-33. 16. Lim, S.J., et al., Selective solvent extraction and quantification of synthetic microfibers in textile laundry wastewater using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. 2022: p. 134653. 17. Kim, S., N. Lee, and J.J.P. Lee, Pyrolysis for nylon 6 monomer recovery from teabag waste. 2020. 12(11): p. 2695. 18. Rani, M., et al., Qualitative analysis of additives in plastic marine debris and its new products. 2015. 69(3): p. 352-366. 97

Who will Take Over the Farm? : Youth Farmers and Agrarian Transition in Timor-Leste Pyone MYAT THU

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 Who will Take Over the Farm? : Youth Farmers and Agrarian Transition in Timor-Leste Pyone MYAT THU1* Abstract Timor-Leste’s formal economy is heavily dependent on petroleum export and unable to absorb the large numbers of youths entering the labour market each year. With increased out-migration of youths for seasonal labour work abroad, and at the same time, farmers are ageing, important questions concerning the vitality of agriculture are raised and what roles young farmers can play in creating a prosperous future. A total of 45 young farmers were interviewed in Dili, Baucau and Bobonaro municipalities. Most surveyed youths do not own land and are accessing land from their parents or others as tenants, sharecroppers and casual labour. The main constraints young farmers face include finances to purchase inputs and expand cultivation and market linkages. Youth farmers expressed that they had freedom and independence since they managed their crops and can get a harvest and income. Improving access to capital, training in entrepreneurship and connecting farmers with markets will ensure youths remain in agriculture for the long term. 1Asian Research Center of Migration, Institute of Asian Studies, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok, Thailand 99

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 Introduction and Objectives Farming is generally considered a ‘rural’ and ‘backward’ occupation in Timor-Leste. Even farming parents often express the desire for their children to be better educated and find employment in the urban centres, the capital Dili, or abroad. Yet Timor-Leste’s formal economy is heavily dependent on petroleum export – a sector which generates only around 2% employment (EITI 2016). Private sector growth remains small, and manufacturing is almost non-existent. With 74 per cent of the Timorese population aged below 35, many are left unemployed and underemployed (UNDP 2018, p.2). Almost two-thirds of unemployed people are youths and the unemployment rate for youths between 15-24 years old was 21.9% in the 2013 Labour Force Survey (RDTL 2016, p.34). The proportion of youth not in employment, not in education or not in training (NEET) is 22.3% (17.1% for men and 27.4% for women) and concentrated in the administrative capital Dili (Timor-Leste Population and Housing Census 2015a, pp.7-10; RDTL 2016, p.35). This research seeks to better understand young rural Timorese women and men experiences of farming by identifying the challenges, risks, and opportunities they face in agriculture. Timor-Leste is a post-conflict nation that restored national independence from 25 years of Indonesian occupation in 2002. With a turbulent political history characterized by successive colonial occupations, the Timorese population has endured repeated waves of conflict, social unrest, forced displacement, and infrastructure and property destruction (Fitzpatrick 2004). Nonetheless, this youngest nation-state in Southeast Asia is charting its own development pathway, reducing poverty, improving universal access to education, and among other achievements, rapidly rising as a lower middle-income country (The World Bank 2020). Since the late 2000s, Timor-Leste has been a labour-sending country with Timorese labour workers migrating seasonally to the UK, Australia and South Korea. Economic remittances is an important source of revenue for national development. In 2021, Timorese migrant workers contributed USD$120 million to Timor-Leste (TATOLI 2022a). Nevertheless, agriculture remains the largest employment sector in Timor-Leste, particularly in the municipalities beyond Dili. But the proportion of Timor-Leste’s state budget towards agriculture continues to decline from 3.9 per cent in 2008, 1.1 per cent in 2016, to only 0.7 per cent in 2019 (Timor-Leste Population and Housing Census 2015b). This sector faces multi-faceted challenges, however strategic programs and policies can help diversify Timor-Leste’s narrow economic base, address food and nutrition insecurity, alleviate rural poverty, and improve food production systems to become resilient to climatic stressors. Agriculture in Timor-Leste is predominately semi-subsistence. Income derived from farming is limited and uncertain. Forty-five per cent of Timorese head of households engaged in agriculture are aged 50 years old and above (Timor-Leste Population and Housing Census 2015b, p.iv), in line with the ageing farming demographic across Southeast Asia (see Rigg et al., 2019, p.309). This ageing farmer profile, along with the structural constraints highlighted above, raises important questions on the vitality of agriculture and what roles the younger Timorese generations can play in creating a prosperous future. Research undertaken in Indonesia highlight that young women and men in agriculture exercise “constrained agency” as they navigate within structural, cultural, environmental and family dynamics (White 2015). The lack of financial capital, government incentives and technical knowledge and skills can hinder interested youths and those already farming from investing in inputs to intensify their production or embark on new agricultural enterprises. 100

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 Rural infrastructure also plays a key role in connecting farmers to markets and poor accessibility can pose as a challenge. To this end, the Timor-Leste government has been investing heavily towards building roads, bridges and electrification. White (2015) further contends that decision-making power over land use is dependent on intra-household resource transfer, tenure arrangements and prevailing gender norms. Similarly in Timor-Leste, its ethno-linguistic groups follow traditional patterns of land tenure, primarily transferring land through the paternal or maternal lines (Thu et al., 2007), which may mean that sons or daughters do not inherit land from their parents. Nonetheless, youths may gain land access through other channels, such as sharecropping, renting, or working as casual labour on other people’s cultivation fields (see also Thu 2012). Biophysical characteristics pose challenges for Timorese farmers. Low-nutrient soils, land degradation, steep slopes, low yielding cultivators, weed infestation, highly variable rainfall and post-harvest losses hinder agricultural production (Molyneux et al., 2012). During the dry season, poor access to irrigation and free-grazing livestock which destroy crops discourage Timorese farmers to cultivate their fields. Young men, for example, work off-farm during this period as casual labour on “five dollar projects” (lima dollar projetu), a common reference to government infrastructure projects that pay a daily wage of $5 USD. A recent financial analysis suggests that the dollar return for cultivating staple crops such as maize, rice and cassava are lower than earning an income from these “five dollar projects” (de Almeida et al. 2017). Translating Timor-Leste’s youthful demographic bulge into socioeconomic dividends will require the state and the many development partners already working across sectors to coordinate and examine closer what specific knowledge, skills and support are needed by young farmers and those who are keen to enter agriculture to ensure a smoother transition in the generational succession in farming. Objectives This project seeks to develop a nuanced analysis of the lived experiences of young rural Timorese men and women working in the agriculture sector in three fundamental ways: 1.To document the characteristics of national policies and programmes on social and economic development, in particular concerning rural development, education, employment and skills training, agriculture and youths. 2.To describe the livelihood strategies, challenges, opportunities and aspirations of young rural Timorese men and women engaged in agriculture. 3.To inform policymaking to develop more effective interventions and support for Timorese youths in agriculture. Methods Qualitative research methods were used in this project, comprising of a desk-based literature review, semi-structured questionnaires (specifically for youths and elderly farmers) and key informant interviews (KII). Grounded theory is applied by drawing on emerging patterns in data and inductive reasoning to generate new theoretical insights on youths and agriculture in Timor-Leste. To build the research capacity of the RA, they were given remote online training to code syntax for the e-questionnaire tool which was administered on mobile phones using Open Data Kit (ODK). ODK is an open-access mobile data collection platform, which was selected since it can be used without Internet connectivity in rural and remote areas. RA were also instructed to keep notes and undertake field observations as much as possible. 101

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 This research is approved by the Research Ethics Review Committee for Research Involving Human Subjects in Chulalongkorn University [Certificate of Approval: COA/6570029, Appendix[1]. RA were given training on ethics in conducting research with human subjects, particularly with emphasis on “do no harm” principle for research participants to ensure confidentiality, minimise risks and protect the rights of research participants. In total 60 respondents participated in this research. Research participants were purposefully sampled by recruiting individuals who are knowledgeable on youth-related issues, agriculture and youth in agriculture. Timorese youths in this project are defined as individuals aged between 18 and 29 years old. However, depending on their stage in life course, such as marriage, the category of who is a “youth” is more fluid. A total of 40 Timorese youths in Hera, Bobonaro and Baucau municipalities were recruited for the questionnaire. To get the perspectives of elderly Timorese farmers, a total of 15 farmers (4 women, 11 men) aged 50 years and over were similarly interviewed in each municipality. KII were conducted with relevant government institutions, civil society and academics were also interviewed (N=5). The questionnaire and KII were carried out in the national language of Tetum as well as English. Due to COVID-19 restrictions which prevented international travel for fieldwork, the principal researcher (PI) recruited in-country Timorese research assistants (RA) to conduct the questionnaire between November to April 2022. From 31 May to 9 June 2022, the PI travelled to Timor-Leste to conduct KIIs to better understand national development strategies and policies relating to Timorese youths and the agriculture sector. PI also undertook field observations in Hera and interviewed six additional youths (3 women, 3 men) and one elderly woman. Research Limitations Since the PI was unable to conduct the questionnaires with youths and elderly farmers due to Covid-19 travel restrictions, this limited observations of the field sites in Bobonaro and Baucau. The lack of research experience and probing by RA to clarify or seek elaboration on incomplete responses to survey questions has also limited gaining ethnographic details and deeper understanding of respondents’ perspectives and documenting of local living conditions. Results and Discussion Young Farmer Profiles Young farmers in three municipalities were interviewed for this research, Dili (38%), Baucau (31%) and Bobonaro (31%). These three municipalities were selected because they have strong agriculture sector and are connected to markets in main town centres. In our sample, the average age of young farmers was 24 years old, ranging between 18 to 34. Most surveyed youths have attended schools (96%) and attained up to Senior High School education (61%). Almost half of them were married (49%), suggesting early marriages. Among those married, they reported their spouse were also working as farmers (82%). Youths were farming to support their basic needs. Respondents in Dili and Bobonaro mainly cultivated mustard leaves, eggplant, morning glory, cabbage, bitter gourd and staple crops (such as rice and maize), while Baucau respondents focused on tomatoes and rice. Youths explained that they were earning an income to support their further education and family responsibilities, such as supporting their children and or parents and siblings. Ageing parents may require labour input from older children and they may be pressured or compelled to discontinue schooling to support their younger siblings’ education. Although the majority of 102

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 youths’ parents are/were farmers (87%), they stated that their parents did not want or expect them to become a farmer (92%) (Figures 1 and 2). This strongly suggests that agriculture is not considered as a sector which Timorese parents aspire their children to enter. Figure 1 Figure 2 Most youths (73%) reported not having any land titles or certificates, suggesting that they do not have land ownership and are instead using either their parents’ land, renting or sharecropping (Figure 3). There were no significant gender differences in terms of land ownership (Figure 4). Figure 3 Figure 4 The average number of cultivation land was 1.2 plots and less than 1 hectare. Some youths therefore work with family relatives, landowners or in groups to increase production, save on labour expenditure and accordingly, they divide their profits as described below. “We work together and once we finish working [on one member’s land], then we work on another. We feel satisfied.” – A Woman Farmer, 30 years old in Dili 103

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 The surveyed young farmers were proud to be working in agriculture, with some expressing their sense of independence and agency to manage their crops and earn a living. For example, one respondent explains below that agricultural income can be high and farming is a respectable occupation. “Cultivating vegetables is like a job. Employment in offices, shops [you] receive money. We also earn money when we cultivate vegetables. Sometimes we earn more than public servants or those who work in businesses because the price of vegetables can rise above USD$1000, which is higher than what they earn. Therefore, this is similar to any employment.” – A 22 year old Farmer/University Student, Dili Nonetheless, farming is generally still perceived as an occupation that requires physical labour and effort with potential risks and persistent barriers as discussed in the following section. Challenges Faced in Agriculture Most respondents stated that they needed better and cheaper access to seeds and inputs, such as herbicides and fertilizers, which have increased in price since Covid-19. Having access to capital to invest in their farms is considered important but currently the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries only provides extension services to address technical issues rather than much needed finances. “We need materials to help us cultivate tomato. Agriculture needs to progress, needs transformation. We in Buruma, there are many young famers but we need materials” – A 23 year old Farmer, Baucau “The Government must create cooperatives to enable us to access credit to purchase inputs. Government provides technical assistance but not credit or capital which we lack. BNCTL is about to start credit for farmers” – A 20 year old Farmer, Bobonaro Timor-Leste is prone to environmental stressors and natural disasters. For example, the April 2021 floods destroyed crop productions of some youths in Dili, highlighting there are unpredictable risks involved in farming. “The problem is during heavy rainfall, it destroys morning glory, all the vegetables are wilted, you don’t even earn USD 5 cents. We need pesticide to kill worms and others, but pesticide is expensive” – A 21 year old Farmer, Dili Covid-19 Impacts and Assistance By contrast to Dili (53%), most youths in Bobonaro (86%) and Baucau (79%) stated that their income and livelihoods were affected during the Covid-19 pandemic (Figure 5). Indeed, respondents resided close to Dili which is the national administrative capital where the urban demand for agricultural produce was not affected during the pandemic. 104

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 Figure 5 Most sampled youths (87%) received assistance during Covid-19 (Figure 6). This is because the Timor-Leste government distributed to all populations USD$200 per household and food baskets during the pandemic. Nonetheless our findings show unequal distribution since a higher proportion of respondents in Baucau (93%) received assistance as compared to Dili (88%) and Bobonaro (79%). Figure 6 Figure 7 Opportunities forYouths: Labour Migration as a Source of Economic and Social Remittances Timor-Leste became a labour migrant sending country since the late 2000s to Australia, South Korea and the UK. This has been an important channel to reduce national unemployment rate, particularly among the youths, due to limited job opportunities in the country. In 2022, Timor-Leste will send 3,300 Timorese workers abroad under government-to-government labour mobility schemes to Australia (2800 workers) and South Korea (500 workers) (TATOLI 2022b). In June 2022, the Timor-Leste government further announced that they are exploring more opportunities to send migrant workers Ireland, Japan and elsewhere (TATOLI 2022a). Social remittances can be defined as a “local-level, migration-driven form of cultural diffusion of ideas, behaviours, identities and social capital that flow from receiving-to-sending country communities” (Levitt 1998). Studies have demonstrated that social remittances can promote migrants’ civic engagement, entrepreneurship, local development and creative business investments in the sending communities (IOM 2022, p.99). Rather than viewing labour migration as a “brain drain” and human capital loss, key informants in government perceived economic and social remittances as beneficial to national economic growth and enhancing human resources since Timorese migrant workers are employed in productive industries, such as agriculture and fisheries. As the Secretary of State of Youth and Sports stated, “they don’t work in agriculture 105

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 here but when they go to Australia, UK, they are working on farms”. Returned young migrants can therefore transfer new acquired knowledge and skills which they learn overseas to their peers and origin communities. This sentiment was echoed by the Director of Technical and Vocational (TekVok) Training below, “We have limited industries. We don’t have manufacturing. We generate many graduates from TekVok, but they don’t get employment… I believe that if we have industries then our youths won’t migrate overseas” – Ministry of Education Timor-Leste, Technical and Vocational Training Entrepreneurships, financial management and business investment for young returnee migrants as well as those youths who aspire to enter agriculture can help transform and modernize agriculture into a sector with lower risks and better incomes (rather than price fluctuations resulting from environmental shocks and market conditions). Policies and Strategies to Support Youths in Agricultures Currently the Timor-Leste government does not provide easy access to capital for youths, however, the private sector, such as BNCTL bank is starting such an initiative. As an academic from the National University of Timor-Leste recommended, it is also important that credit loans have low or zero interest rate to enable young farmers to commence their activities without falling into debt. To improve the qualifications and skills of youths who aspire to enter into agriculture, there is a need to improve the quality of education, including increasing budgets and resources along with raising the competencies of teachers in vocational and technical training. “We lack education of teachers…they have theoretical knowledge but they need practice, because technology is advancing. We also need equipment, resources…because we have many schools under us” – Ministry of Education Timor-Leste, Technical and Vocational Training Department In addition, Timor-Leste has seven distinct agro-ecological zones. This research did not examine the biophysical characteristics of cultivation land used by young farmers. Nonetheless, there is a need to better understand the soils, climatic factors affecting this cohort. As an academic suggested, “Government policies must consider what type of young farmer? What resources do they have? What type of farm? What are their goals?” – Agronomy Department, The National University of Timor-Leste Policy and program interventions should therefore work from the bottom-up and consult young farmers what are the specific challenges they face, which may differ from one location. Conclusion National economic and social development in Timor-Leste is guided by the 2011-2030 Strategic Development Plan with the vision for Timor-Leste to be an upper middle-income country with a “modern, diversified economy based on the agriculture, tourism and petroleum industries…enhanced capacity of Timorese people in engaging in productive activities, 106

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 rather than fortuitous existence of natural resources” (RDTL 2017a, p.III-5). In this sense, the government recognises the importance of agriculture as a significant sector that can contribute to economic growth and promote a diversified economy. The National Employment Strategy (2017-2030) outlines the main challenges are the need to create formal employment with an additional 200,000 people entering the working age population (15-64 years old) in the next decade (RDTL 2017a, p.III-7). In line with this vision, the 2017 Agriculture Policy and Strategic Framework highlights that the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries recognises the challenges and opportunities for Timorese farmers and that Timorese youths can play a fundamental role in shaping the future of agriculture (RDTL 2017b). Despite this broader national agenda where agriculture features as a key pillar to address economic diversification and unemployment, this sector has low State Budget allocation, poor physical infrastructure such as roads, broken irrigation and poor linkage to markets. There also remains stigma associated with farming as a “dirty” occupation in Timor-Leste. Although most youths surveyed in this research were proud to be farmers, particularly because they felt a sense of freedom and agency to cultivate and manage their farms, their parents who are or were farmers, did not expect their children to become farmers. In addition to structural constraints, biophysical challenges, such as infertile soils, rugged terrains and seasonal rainfall continue to hinder agricultural production and need to be addressed. With limited employment opportunities for youths, Timor-Leste’s government has therefore turned towards exporting its work force through labour migration schemes to find them employment in other countries that face labour shortages. Rather than viewing seasonal labour migration to Australia, South Korea and the UK as a source of “brain drain” to Timor-Leste’s limited human capital, the government perceives labour migration as beneficial for both economic and social remittances. A potential strategy could be to provide entrepreneurship training and business investment training to returned migrants to ensure economic remittances contribute to creating employment opportunities in Timor-Leste, including investing in agricultural innovations and agribusiness. Finally, in terms of policies and strategic interventions, access to credit/capital, training and Policies can also target youths in agriculture to enable them to continue developing their technical and entrepreneurial skills since most stopped education at Senior High School level. References 1. De Almeida, L., Williams, R., Erskine, W., and Lopes, M. (2017). “How can farmers in Timor-Leste improve returns from their farming activities? Can farmers make more than $5 a day from such activities?” In P. Job, E.B. da Silva, N.C. Mendes, A.D.C. Ximenes, M. Barreto Soares, S. Niner, and T. Tam (Eds.), Proceedings of the New Research on Timor-Leste: A TLSA Research Conference, pp.108-117. Liceu Campus, Universidade Nacional de Timor-Lorosa’e (UNTL), Avenida Cidade de Lisboa, Dili, Timor-Leste, 29-30 June 2017. 2. Cardoso, J. D.C. (2020). “Timor-Leste’s youth leave or get left behind”, The Lowy Institute. Retrieved from: https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/timor-leste-s-youth-leave-or- get-left-behind 3. EITI (Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative). (2016). Timor-Leste Country Profile. Retrieved from: https://eiti.org/timorleste 4. Fitzpatrick, D. (2004). Land Claims in East Timor. Canberra: Asia Pacific Press. 5. International Organization for Migration (IOM) (2022). World Migration Report 2022. Retrieved from: https://worldmigrationreport.iom.int 107

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 6. Levitt, P.(1998). “Social Remittances: Migration Driven Local-Level Forms of Cultural Diffusion”, International Migration Review, 32(4), pp.926-948. 7. May, D., Arancibia, S., Behrendt, K., Adams, J. (2019). “Preventing young farmers from leading the farm: Investigating the effectiveness of the young farmer payment using a behavioural approach”. Land Use Policy, 82, 317-317. 8. RDTL (Republic Democratic of Timor-Leste). (2016). National Youth Policy. Dili: Secretary of State of Youth and Sports, Timor-Leste. 9. RDTL. (2017a). National Employment Strategy 2017-2030. Dili:RDTL. 10. RDTL. (2017b). Agriculture Policy and Strategic Framework: Towards Nutrition- sensitive, climate smart agriculture and food systems. Dili: Government of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste. Retrieved from: https://www.laohamutuk.org/Agri/2017/Agriculture Policy4Jul2017en.pdf 11. Rigg, J., Phongsiri, M., Promphakping, B., Salamanca, A., and Sripun, M. (2019). “Who will tend the farm? Interrogating the ageing Asian farmer”, The Journal of Peasant Studies, pp.306-325. 12. TATOLI.(2022a). “Ruak pledges to explore more opportunities in other countries for Timorese workers”, Tatoli News, 9 June 2022. Retrieved from: http://www.tatoli.tl/en/2022/06/09/ ruak-pledges-to-explore-more-opportunities-in-other-countries-for-timorese-workers/ 13. TATOLI. (2022b). “SEFOPE to send 3300 Timorese workers to abroad in 2022”, Tatoli News, 16 February 2022. Retrieved from: http://www.tatoli.tl/en/2022/02/16/sefope-to-send-3300- timorese-workers-to-abroad-in-2022/ 14. The World Bank. (2020). Timor-Leste Country Data. Retrieved from: https://data.worldbank. org/country/TL 15. Timor-Leste Population and Housing Census. (2015a). Summary of The Thematic Report on Labour Force. Retrieved from: https://timor-leste.unfpa.org/en/publications/ summary-2015-census-thematic-report-labour-force 16. Timor-Leste Population and Housing Census. (2015b). Thematic Report Volume 12: Analytical Report on Agriculture and Fisheries. Dili: General Directorate of Statistics, Food and Agriculture Organisation, and United Nations Population Fund. Retrieved from: https://timor-leste.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/2015%20Census%20Agriculture%20 and%20Fisheries%20Report.pdf 17. Thu, P.M. (2012). “Access to Land and Livelihoods in Post-Conflict Timor-Leste”. Australian Geographer, 43(2), pp.197-214. 18. Thu, P.M., Scott, S., and Van Neil, K. (2007). “Gendered Access to Customary Land in East Timor”. Geojournal, 69(4), pp.293-255. 19. UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). (2018). Timor-Leste: National Human Development Report 2018: Planning the Opportunities for a Youthful Population. Dili: UNDP. Retrieved from: http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/2843/978-92-1-126436-4_web.pdf 20. White, B. (2015). “Generational dynamics in agriculture: reflections on rural youth and farming futures”, Cah Agric, 24, pp.330-334. 21. Widiyanti, E., Karsidi, R., Wijaya, M., Utari, P. (2020). “Identity gaps and negotiations among layers of young farmers: Case study in Indonesia”, Open Agriculture, 5, 361-374. 22. Wigglesworth, A., and Fonseca, Z. (2016). “Experiences of young Timorese as migrant 108

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 workers in Korea”. Paper for presentation at the 2016 Australasian Aid Conference. Retrieved from: https://devpolicy.org/2016-Australasian-aid-conference/Papers/ Wigglesworth-Fonseca-Experiences-of-young-Timorese-workers-in-Korea.pdf 109

Appendix

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 The Asahi Glass Foundation has continuously supported the researchers of Chulalongkorn University in various disciplines ranging from Petrochemical and Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, to Chemistry, Environmental Technology and Medicine. In order to present the overall results of the research supported by the Asahi Glass Foundation, Chulalongkorn University and the Asahi Glass Foundation have co-organized annual seminar since 1993. The purpose of these seminars is to promote the development of Engineering, Science and Technology in Thailand. Each seminar aims primarily to impart research findings to public and private sectors. The themes of annual seminars over the early years and the details of the special CU-af seminars were as follows: 1st Seminar: February 26, 1993: Overview of Petrochemical Technology Keynote Lecture Thailand’s Petrochemical Industry Dr. Pailin Chuchottaworn, Bangkok Polyethylene Co., Ltd. Research Presentation 1. Synthesis of Alcohols from Synthesis Gas Assoc. Prof. Dr. Wiwut Tanthapanichakoon 2. Catalyst Deactivation and Improvement Prof. Dr. Piyasan Praserthdam 3. Removal of Nirtogen Oxide Pollutants from Gaseous Emission Assoc. Prof. Dr. Chairit Satayaprasert -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2nd Seminar: January 14, 1994: Environmental Protection Technology Keynote Lecture Water Pollution in Thailand: Present Situations, Remedial Measures and Future Trend Prof. Dr. Thongchai Panswad, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University Research Presentation 1. Determination of Total Fluorine in the Atmosphere via Cyclic Fast Neutron Activation Technique Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tatchai Sumitra 2. Hydrodesulfurization of Thiophene Using Zeolite-Type Catalyst Prof. Dr. Wiwut Tanthapanichakoon 3. Development of Water Absorbent Polymer from Tapioca Flour Prof. Dr. Suda Kiatkamjornwong 4. Effects of Nitrogen Compounds on Hydrogenation of Thiophene Asst. Prof. Dr. Sasithorn Boon-Long 5. Mathematical of Wave and Current around River Estuary Asst. Prof. Dr. Sucharit Koontanakulvong and Asst. Prof. Dr. Sutat Weesakul -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 111

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 3rd Seminar: January 20, 1995: Public Health and Biochemistry Keynote Lecture Essential Research in Basic Sciences for Public Health in Thailand Prof. Charas Suwanwela, M.D. Research Presentation 1. Effects of Infra-Red Laser on Denervated Muscle: An Experimental Study in the Rat Assoc. Prof. Dr. Vilai Chintanez 2. Erythrocyte Na, K-Activated Adenosine Triphosphatase (Na+K+Pump) among Different Population Groups of Bangkok and Northeast Thailand Prof. Dr. Piyaratana Tosukhowong 3. High Butanol Productivity by Single-Stage Bioreactor with Microfiltration Assoc. Prof. Dr. Chirakarn Muanganpoh 4. Application of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Assay for the Diagnosis of HIV-1 and HIV-2 Infections Asst. Prof. Dr. Pornthep Tiensiwakul 5. Study on Bioactive Natural Products from Thai Marine Invertebrates Dr. Khanit Suwanborirux 6. Holistic Approach Training for Thai-Japanese Health Professions Mr. Boonnart Laisnitsaekul -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4th Seminar: January 25, 1996: Glass and Inorganic Materials Keynote Lecture Trends and Developments, Investment Policies and Promotion of Glass and Ceramics Industries in Thailand Mr. Chakramon Phasukavanich, Deputy Secretary-General, Office of the Board of Investment Research Presentation 1. Analysis and Design of Glass Windows for Sky-high Buildings Subjected to Heating/ Cooling and Wind Pressure Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pramote Dechaumpai 2. Study of the Local and Temporal Distribution of Temperature, Oxygen Activity, and Liquid Phase Formation in a Melting Batch Blanket Dr. Reinhard Conradt 3. Mechanical Properties and Fracture of Glass Fibre-Reinforced Polymers Dr. Sirijutaratana Covavisaruch 4. Methanol Conversion to Light Olefins on Silicoalumino-phosphate Catalysts Dr. Suphot Phatanasri -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 112

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 5th Seminar: January 23, 1997: Chemical Engineering Keynote Lecture Thai Petrochemical Industry: Opportunities and Chemical Engineering Challenge Dr. Pramote Chaiyavech, Advisor, National Petrochemical Public Co., Ltd. Research Presentation 1. New Simplified Model to Predict Aerosol Collection Efficiency on a Dust Loaded Fiber Prof. Dr. Wiwut Tasnthapanichakoon 2. Removal of Aresenic and Mercury Compounds from Natural Gas Condensate Dr. Jirdsak Tscheikuna 3. Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Alkanes to Olefins Dr. Tharathon Mongkonsi 4. Metal Ion Separation by Liquid Membrane Technique Dr. Deacha Chatsiriwech -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6th Seminar: February 5, 1998: Medical Science Towards the Year 2000 Keynote Lecture Problem and Prevention of Viral Hepatitis in Thailand Prof. Yong Poovorawan, M.D., Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Research Presentation 1. Pruritic Popular Eruption of the Acquired Immunedeficiency Syndrome: An Immunopathologic Study Assoc. Prof. Wiwat Korkij, M.D. 2. Role of Serotonin in Pathogenesis of Analgesic Induced Headache Assoc. Prof. Anan Sridiatkhachorn, M.D. 3. Sequence Analysis of the Thrombospondin-related Anonymous Protein (TRAP) Gene of Phasmodium Falciparum from Thai Field Isolates Assoc. Prof. Dr. Somchai Jongwutiwes, M.D. 4. Serological Diagnosis of Lymphatic Filariasis Using Specific Recombinant Antigens Dr. Surang Triteeraprapab, M.D. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7th Seminar: January 21, 1999: Agro–Industry Development in Thailand Keynote Lecture Agro–Industry in Thailand Mrs. Phatanee Leksrisompong, Assistant Vice President, Star Feedmill Co., Ltd. Research Presentation 1. Biodegradable Agrochemical from Thai Tropical Weeds Assoc. Prof. Dr. Udom Kokpol 2. Citric Acid Production from Tapioca by Selected Mutants of Aspergillus Niger in Shake Culture Dr. Sujima Rugsaseel 113

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 3. Searching for New Commercially Important Essential Oils from Medicinal Plants in Thai Tropical Forests Assoc. Prof. Dr. Wanchai De-Eknamkul -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8th Seminar: February 3, 2000: Chemical Processing Technology Keynote Lecture 1. Human Resources Development in the Chemical Processing Industry Dr. Vallobh Vimolvanich, Advisor, CP Group Co., Ltd. 2. Challenges Opportunities for Natural Gas Processing Industry in Thailand Khun Tara Tiradnkorn, Vice President, Operations Unocal Thailand, Ltd. Research Presentation 1. New Strategy for Immobilization of Catalysts into Zeolite Cavities Assoc. Prof. Dr. Aticha Chaisuwan 2. Phase Diagram of Liquid Crystal Polymer Blend Assoc. Prof. Dr. ML. Supakanok Thongyai 3. Transition Metal Complexes of Isoprenyl Ligands Assoc. Prof. Dr. Wimonrat Trakarnpruk 4. Development of Simulation and Control Programs for Distillation and Control Dr. Montree Wongsri -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9th Seminar: May 28, 2001: Applied Technology on Information and Control Keynote Lecture 1. Wireless Technology - Direction and Impact Dr. Vallobh Vimolvanich, Advisor, CP Group Co., Ltd. 2. National Measurement System and International Competitiveness Mr. Prayoon Shiowattana, Director, National Institute of Metrology (Thailand) Research Presentation 1. Teletext Researches in Thailand Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ekachai Leelarasmee 2. Pattara: A Prototype of Thai Programming Language Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pattarasinee Bhattarakosol 3. Fuzzy Supervisory Control System of a Biary Distillation Column Assoc. Prof. Dr. Suvalai Pratishthananda. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10th Seminar: May 31, 2002: Material Science and Medicinal Plants : Technologies for the Future Keynote Lecture 1. Membrane Technologies at Chemical Companies in Japan Dr. Masaru Yos Hitake, Research Center, Asahi Glass Co., Ltd. 114

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 2. Bioactive Natural Products from Thai Marine Organisms Dr. Khanit Suwanborirux, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science. Research Presentation 1. Doppler-broadened Position Annihilation (DBPA) Spectroscopy for Identifying in Austenitie Stainless Steels Dr. Visit Thaweprungsriporn 2. Improvement of Electrolytic Lead Recovery Process Using Anionic Membrane Dr. Wit Soontaranun 3. Bioactive Compounds from Thai Plants Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kittisak Likhitwitayawuid -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The 11th Special CU–af Seminar, May 30, 2003 Keynote Lecture Research Trend of Nanotechnology in Engineering Ceramics Prof. Dr. Shigetaka Wada Research Presentation Session 1: Environment 1. Utilization of Silica-Alumina Waste by Using as a Binder in Mercury Sulfide Sludge Solidification Process Assoc. Prof. Dr. Petchporn Chawakitchareon 2. Combine Membrane-Trickling Filter Wastewater Treatment Asst. Prof. Dr. Khantong Soontarapa 3. Efficiency of Colocasia Esculenta (L.) Schott (Bon Khiew and Bon Cheen Dumm) in Constructed Wetlands for Chromium Removal of Tannery Post-treatment Wastewater Assoc. Prof. Dr. Thares Srisatit Session 2: Engineering 1. Preparation of Silicalite Membrane for Separation of Hydrocarbons Asst. Prof. Dr. Orawan Chailapakul 2. Optical Network Design on a Multiple Ring Approach Asst. Prof. Dr. Lunchakorn Wuttisittikulkij 3. Experimental Study on Swirling Jet A Crossflow Assoc. Prof. Dr. Asi Bunyajitradulya Session 3: Health Science 1. Effects of Russell’s Viper Venom on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Assoc. Prof. Sopit Thamaree 2. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Normal and Jaundiced Newborn : A Molecular Genetics Study Asst. Prof. Dr. Suwimol Sanpawat 3. Treatment of Cutaneous Gnathostomiasis with Ivermectin Asst. Prof. Dr. Kanyarat Kraivichain 4.RoleofNitricOxideandSerotonininModulationofCorticalSpreadingEvokedCraniovascular Assoc. Prof. Dr. Anan Srikiatkhachorn 115

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 The 12th Special CU–af Seminar, May 30, 2004 Keynote Lecture Computational Chemistry and its Applications in Drug Screening and Drug Design Assoc. Prof. Dr. Supot Hannongbua Research Presentation 1. Roles of Enteroviruses in Thai Patients with Myocarditis and Dilated Cardiomyopathy : Characterization by Molecular Virology and Molecular Pathology Asst. Prof. Dr. Wanla Kulwichit, M.D. 2. Mapping of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Epitopes within Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma-associated Epstein-Barr Virus Antigens in Thai Population Asst. Prof. Dr. Nattiya Pimtanothai, M.D. 3. Feasibility of Cord Blood as a Source of Hematopoietic Progenitors Cells for Transplantation Dr. Teera Wacharaprechanont, M.D. 4. Effects of Dentine Matrix on Human Periodontal Ligament Cells Differentiation in Vitro Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tussanee Yongchaitrakul, D.D.S 5. DNAMicrosatellite Phenotype and Mismatch Repair Gene Proteins in Thai Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinomas Upama Liengswangwong 6. Development of Anaerobic-oxic Sequencing Batch-biofilm Reactor for Decolorization of Reactive Dyehouse Wastewater Asst. Prof. Dr. Chavalit Ratanatamskul 7. Various Cinnamates as UV-filter : Synthesis, UV-absorption Characterization and Photo-stability Study Assoc. Prof. Dr. Supason Wanichweacharungruang -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The 13th Special CU–af Seminar, July 26, 2005 Keynote Lecture Contribution of Health Sciences Research to Health Development Chitr Sitthi-amorn, M.D., M.Sc., Ph.D., Director of Institute of Health, Research and Dean of The College of Public Health Research Presentation 1. Measurement of Urinary Growth Factor Messenger RNAs:ANon-invasive Monitoring in Lupus Nephritis Asst. Prof. Yingyos Avihingsanon, M.D. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine 2. The Roles of Initial Plasma Venom Levels and Coagulation Laboratories in Predicting Clinical Courses of Green Pit Viper Bites Asst. Prof. Ponlapat Rojnuckarin, M.D. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine 3. Cow’s Milk Specific IgG and IgG Subclasses Measurement: Role for Diagnosis of Cow’s Milk Allergy Dr. Pantipa Chatchatee, M.D. Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine 116

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 4. Screening and Characterization of Proapoptotic Low-molecular Weight Compounds as Potential Anti-tumor Agents from Microbial Secondary Metabolites and Medicinal Plant Extracts Asst. Prof. Dr. Tanapat Palaga Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science 5. Catalytic Pyrolysis of Polyethylene and Polypropylene Waste Films into Valuable Upstream Petrochemical Products Asst. Prof. Dr. Sirirat Jitkarnka Petroleum and Petrochemical College 6. A Well-defined Proton Transfer Route in Polymer Matrix: An Enhancing Proton Migration System for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Used in Fuel Cell Assoc. Prof. Dr. Suwabun Chirachanchai Petroleum and Petrochemical College -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The 14th Special CU–af Seminar, July 24, 2006 Keynote Lecture 1. Molecular Biology Prof. Apiwat Mutirangura, M.D., Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine 2. Materials Refinement Prof. Dr. Supot Hannongbua, Director of Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute Research Presentation Session 1: Medical Science 1. Comparison of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Replication and HveA Expression in T-lymphocytes from Healthy Individuals and HIV Infected Patients Assoc. Prof. Dr. Parvapan Bhattharakosal 2. Effects of Curcumin on Biomarkers of Tumor Angiogenesis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells (Hep G2) Implanted Nude Mice Model Assoc. Prof. Suthiluk Patumraj 3. Association of Antiribosomal P Antibodies with Clinical Manifestations in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients Asst. Prof. Orrawadee Hanvivatvong 4. Roles of Enteroviral Species and/or Strains in the Infection of Normal Hearts, Myocarditis, and Dilated Cardiomyopathy Asst. Prof. Wanla Kulwichit, M.D. 5. The Osteoinductive Effect of Acemannan Isolated from Aloe Vera Gel in the Tooth Socket Healing Asst. Prof. Dr. Pasutha Thunyakitpisal, D.D.S. Session 2: Science and Technology 1. UV Filtering Property of 2,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamates Derivatives Assoc. Prof. Dr. Supason Wanichweachrungruang 2. Fabrication of Gas and Humidity Multi-function Sensors Using SnO2 Thin Films Asst. Prof. Dr. Arporn Teeramongkonrasmee 117

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 3. Surfactant Adsorption and Adsolubilization of Organic Compounds in Single and Mixed Surfactant Systems of Cationic-nonionic Surfactants Adsorbed on Precipitated Silica Asst. Prof. Dr. Pomthong Malakul 4. Emerging Direction in Computer Applications to the Production of A33 Single Chain Variable Fragment Antibodies for Cancer Immunotherapeutic : On-line Monitoring and Feed-back Control for the Production of Cancer Immunotherapeutic Proteins in Fed-batch Fermentation Dr. Suchada Chanprateep -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The 15th Special CU–af Seminar, July 24, 2007 Keynote Lecture Sustainable Nanofoundation For Green Technology Prof. Dr. Somsak Panyakeaw Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Research Presentation Session 1: Medical Science and Science Technology 1. Oxidative Stress, Renal Impairment, and Stone Risk in Inhabitants Environmentally Exposed to Cadmium in Mae Sot, Tak Province Prof. Dr. Piyaratana Tosukhowong Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine 2. Cadmium and Zinc Removal from Soil by Cut Flower Plants Assoc. Prof. Dr. Thares Srisatit Department of Environment Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 3. Preliminary Study of Biohdydrogen Gas and Electricity Production from Food Processing and Domestic Wastewater Using Fermentation and Microbial Cell Technologies Dr. Aksara Putthividhya Department of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 4. Desulfurization of Transportation Fuels through Selective Adsorption on Metal Oxides Dr. Chawalit Ngamcharussrivichai Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science 5. Structure and Phase Transitions of Photovoltaic Materials and Related Ternary Compound Semiconductors under High Pressure Dr. Thiti Bovornratanaraks Department of Physics, Faculty of Scienc -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 118

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 Session 2: Environmental Management and Waste 1. Laboratory Safety and Chemical Management as a Model for Research-based Universities in Thailand Assoc. Prof. Dr. Supawan Tantayanon Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science 2. Strategic Management of Chemical Tracking at Chulalongkorn University as a Model for Educational Institutions in Thailand Assoc. Prof. Dr. Lursuang Mekasut Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science 3. Hazardous Waste Management and Chemical Disposal System as a Model for Research-based Universities in Thailand Assoc. Prof. Dr. Khantong Soontarapa Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science 4. Porous Clay Heterostructures for Wastewater Treatment: A Development from Bentonite Clay in Thailand Dr. Hathaikarn Manuspiya The Petroleum and Petrochemical College -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The 16th Special CU–af Seminar, July 1, 2008 Keynote Lecture Health Science: Strategies for High Impact & Sustainable Research Prof. Kiat Ruxrungtham, M.D. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Research Presentation Session 1: Medical Science 1. Evaluation of the Basal Serum Cortisol in Comparison to the Insulin Tolerance Test in Patients after Pituitary Surgery for Diagnosis of Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency Prof. Suttipong Wacharasindhu, M.D., MRCP (UK), MRCPCH Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine 2. A Prospective Study on Urinary Cytokine mRNAs in Lupus Nephritis Patients Assoc. Prof. Yingyos Avihingsanon, M.D. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine 3. The Reparative Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Renal Disease: Murine Model Asst. Prof. Kearkiat Praditpornsilpa, M.D. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Session 2: Medical Science and Science 1. Bioactive Compounds from Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr. Prof. Udom Kokpol, Ph.D. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science 2. Structure Modification of Oxyresveratrol for Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity Assoc. Prof. Kittisak Likhitwitayawuid, Ph.D. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences 119

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 3. Enzymatic Synthesis of Catechin Glycosides via Selective Transglycosylation of Cyclodextrin Glycosyltransferase Assoc. Prof. Piamsook Pongsawasdi, Ph.D. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science 4. Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori Strains Isolated in Thailand and the Mechanisum of Metronidazole Resistance Asst. Prof. Tanittha Chatsuwan, Ph.D. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine 5. Structure Determination of Drug Molecules in Drug Molecular Complexes from Conventional X-ray Powder Diffraction Data Assoc. Prof. Nongnuj Muangsin, Ph.D. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Session 3: Science and Material Science 1. Melt Rheological, Extrudate Swell and Melt Fracture Behavior of Nanoparticle- reinforced Polymer Composites Assoc. Prof. Pitt Supaphol, Ph.D. Petroleum and Petrochemical College 2. Structure and Properties of Materials under High Pressure Asst. Prof. Thiti Bovornratanaraks, Ph.D. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science 3. Characterization and Expression of Alpha-Glucosidase and Related Developmentally Regulatory Genes in Apis spp. Asst. Prof. Chanpen Chanchao, Ph.D. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science 4. Laboratory Safety and Chemical Management as a Model for Research-based Universities in Thailand Assoc. Prof. Nantaya Yanumet, Ph.D. Petroleum and Petrochemical College -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The 17th Special CU–af Seminar, July 1, 2009 Keynote Lecture Sustainable Development in Economic Crisis Period by Science & Technology Research Prof. Yong Poovorawan, M.D. Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Research Presentation Session 1: Science and Health Science 1. Improving Blood Compatibility of Natural Rubber by UV-induced Graft Copolymerization of Hydrophilic Monomers Asst. Prof. Dr. Voravee P. Hoven Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science 2. Fuel Production from Recycling Plastic Waste by Catalytic Cracking Using Al-SBA-15 and B-SBA-15 Catalysts Dr. Duangamol Nuntasri Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science 120

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 3. Biodegradation and Bioremediation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon in Soil under Acidic Condition Asst. Prof. Dr. Onruthai Pinyakong Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science 4. Effect of the -374 T/A RAGE Gene Polymorphism on Transcriptional Regulation in Psoriasis Asst. Prof. Dr. Tewin Tencomnao Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences 5. ImmunomodulatoryActivity of Piperine on Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Dr. Siriporn Chuchawankul Department of Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Session 2: Engineering and Petrochemical 1. Growth and Characterization of InAs Quantum Dots on Cross-Hatch Virtual Substrates Assoc. Prof. Dr. Songphol Kanjanachuchai Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 2. Geostatistical Approach in Modeling Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid Dissolution Profiles with Various Entrapment Architecture in Subsurface Environment Asst. Prof. Veerasak Likhitruangsilp Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 3. Effect of Adduct on the Synergistic Extraction of Rare Earth Metal by a Hollow Fiber Supported Liquid Membrane Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ura Pancharoen Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 4. An Investigation on the Used Rice Husk Ash in Thermoplastic Composite for Wood Plastic Application Dr. Sirijutaratana Covavisaruch Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The 18th Special CU–af Seminar, August 3, 2010 Keynote Lecture Chitin-chitosan for Life and Environment: From Concepts, Strategies, to Potential Applications Assoc. Prof. Dr. Suwabun Chirachanchai Petroleum and Petrochemical College Research Presentation Session 1: Science 1. Preparation of Chitosan/zeolite Membrane Electrode Assembly for Fuel Cell Assoc. Prof. Dr. Khantong Soontarapa Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science 2. Bioactive Metabolites of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Thai Medicinal Plants Asst. Prof. Dr. Khanitha Pudhom Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science 121

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 3. Mechanical Sensing Properties of Barium Titanate and Barium-Strontium Titanate Thin Films Prepared by a Sol-gel Method Dr. Satreerat Kampangkeaw Hodak Department of Physics, Faculty of Science 4. Sol-gel Synthesis of Metal Oxide Nanocrystal with the Aid of Structure-Directing Surfactant Dr. Thammanoon Sreethawong Petroleum and Petrochemical College Session 2: Health Science and Medical Science 1. The Effect of Estrogen on the GABAA Receptor Plasticity in Ovariectomized Rats Asst. Prof. Dr. Sarinee Kalandakanond-Thongdong Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science 2. Renal Inflammatory Response and Fibrogenesis in Patients with Nephrolithiasis Asst. Prof. Dr. Chanchai Boonla Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine 3. Effect of Curcumin on Biofilm Formation of Helicobacter pylori Asst. Prof. Dr. Nuntaree Chaichanawongsaroj Department of Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Allied Health Science 4. Biodegradation of 17-alpha-methyltesterone and Isolation of 17-alpha- methyltestosterone Dr. Tawan Limpiyakorn National Center of Excellence for Environmental and Hazardous Waste Management 5. Production of Monoclonal Antibodies against Yersinia enterocolitica Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sirirat Rengpipat Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science Session 3: Engineering 1. Processing of Open-cell Matrix Composite Foams Dr. Seksak Asavavisithchai Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 2. Efficiency of Cross-flow Microfiltration for Water Quality Control inAquaculture System Asst. Prof. Wiboonluk Pungrasmi Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 3. Hydroxylation of Toluene to Cresols Using H2O2 over Modified Titanium Silicalite-1 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tharathon Mongkhonsi Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 4. Fate and Transport of Potentially Toxic Single and Binary Metals in Natural Mine Soil under Competitive Sorption Conditions Dr. Aksara Putthividhyal Department of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 5. Port City Environmental Planing: Case of Ranong Port, THAILAND Asst. Prof. Dr. Rahuth Rodjanapradied Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Architecture -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 122

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 The 19th Special CU–af Seminar, August 2, 2011 Keynote Lecture Engineering for Disasters Mitigation Prof. Dr. Panitan Lukkunaprasit Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Research Presentation Session 1: Science 1. Crystalliazation of Antimicrobial Peptides, Crustin and Curtin-like, from the Black Tiger Shrimp Penaeus Monodon Dr. Kuakarun Krusong Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science 2. Method Development for Determination of Steroids Adulterated in Herbal Medicines by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Assoc. Prof. Dr. Thumnoon Nhujak Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science 3. RNA-induced Gene Silencing under Control of OsCam1-1 Promoter Assoc. Prof. Dr. Teerapong Buaboocha Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science 4. High Pressure Structural Phase Transitions in Metal Oxides Nanoparticles Asst. Prof. Dr. Thiti Bovornratanaraks Department of Physics, Faculty of Science Session 2: Medicine and Biological Sciences 1. Cloning and in Vivo Gene Expression Detection of Leptospira Collagenase Gene Assoc. Prof. Dr. Chintana Chirathaworn Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine 2. Mutation Analysis of the IRF6 Gene in Thai Families with Van der Woude Syndrome Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kanya Suphapeetiporn, M.D. Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine 3. Electrochemical Detection of Human RAGE Gene Expression Assoc. Prof. Dr. Rachana Santiyanon Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Science 4. Road Traffic Accident Surveillance System among Japanese Travelers in Thailand Asst. Prof. Dr. Prathurng Hongsranagon College of Public Health Sciences 5. Resazurin Microtitre Plate Method for Screening of Anti-microbial Resistance from Thai Medicinal Plants Asst. Prof. Dr. Chulee Yompakdee Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science Session 3: Engineering and Petrochemical 1. Hydrogen Production by Anaerobic Digestion Process of High Strength Wastewater Assoc. Prof. Dr. Thares Srisatit Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 2. Oxidation of Cyclohexane Catalyzed by Polyoxometalates Supported on MCM-41 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Wimonrat Trakarnpruk Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science 123

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 3. Guided Assembly of Lateral InAs Quantum Dots via Defect Engineering Assoc. Prof. Dr. Songphol Kanjanachuchai Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 4. Novel Polybenzoxazine Based Aerogel for Heavy Metal Ions Removal from Wastewater Asst. Prof. Dr. Thanyalak Chaisuwan Petroleum and Petrochemical College -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The 20th Special CU–af Seminar, July 1, 2012 Keynote Lecture Significance of Disaster Risk Reduction in Thailand 2011 floods context Prof. Dr. Thanawat Jarupongsakul Research Unit of Disaster and Land Information Studies, Faculty of Science Research Presentation Session 1: Material Science 1. Conducting Polymer Electropolymerization Conditions for Fabrication of Microelectrode Array within Phenol Biosensor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Seeroong Prichanon Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 2. Thermomechanical Properties of Polybenzoxazine Modified with Dianydrides Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sarawut Rimdusit Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 3. Development and Application of Spiral Wound Chitosan Membrane Module System for Recycling of Anaerobic Digestion Effluent Assoc. Prof. Dr. Khangtong Soontarapa Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science 4. Corrosion Resistance and Surface Characteristics of Surface Treated Titanium by Microarc Oxidation (Anodization) Used for Biomedical Applications. Dr. Viritpon Srimaneepong Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry 5. In-process Monitoring and Detection of Chatter in Ball-end Milling on CNC Machining Center Assoc. Prof. Dr. Somkiat Tangjitcharoen Department of Industrial Engingineering, Faculty of Engineering Session 2: Natural Science 1. Chemical Components and Bioactivities of Bee Products from Apis Mellifera and Trigona Laeviceps Assoc. Prof. Dr. Chanpen Chanchao Department of Biology, Faculty of Science 2. Separation of Mercury Ions from the Trace Concentration of Leadions in Wastewater by Using a Hollow Fiber Supported Liquid Membrane Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ura Pancharoen Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 124

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 3. Assessment of the Potential Hazards of Agricultural Contamination in Surface and Groundwater and the Proposed Remediation Strategies Dr. Aksara Putthividhya Department of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 4. Characterization of Phthalate Ester-degrading Bacteria for Further Bioremediation Application as Bacterial Seeding Assoc. Prof. Dr.Alisa Vangnai Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The 21th Special CU–af Seminar, July 2, 2013 Keynote Lecture The Establishment of Thailand’s First Human Embryonic Stem Cell Line Assoc. Prof. Dr.Kamthorn Pruksananonda, M.D. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Research Presentation Session 1: 1. Notch Signaling Regulates Odonto/Osteogenic Differentiation in Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth Asst. Prof. Dr. Thanaphum Osathanon, D.D.S. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry 2. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms at the Fy Cis-Regulatory Region of the Duffy Antigen Gene and Susceptibility to Malaria Infections in Macaca Fascicularis and Macaca Nemestrina Assoc. Prof. Dr. Chaturong Putaporntip Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine 3. Functional Analysis of One-Carbon Metabolism in the Halophilic Aphanothece Halophytica Dr. Rungaroon Waditee-Sirisattha Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science 4. Neuroprotective and Stimulatory Properties of Rhinacanthus Nasutus Extract Asst. Prof. Dr. Tewin Tencomnao Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Heath Science Session 2: 1. Efficient Synthesis of Diaryl Ethynes via Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling of Calcium Carbide with Aryl Halides Asst. Prof. Dr. Sumrit Wacharasindhu Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Scienc 2. Electrospun Titanium Dioxide Fibers as Stationary Phase in Thin-layer Chromatography Dr. Puttaruksa Varanusupakul Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science 3. Occurrence of 17 Alpha-methyltestosterone in Masculinization Process of Nile Tilapia Fry Asst. Prof. Dr. Tawan Limpiyakorn Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 125

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 4. Toughening Poly(lactic acid) Biopolymer by Using Ultrafine Rubber Particles Dr. Sirijutaratana Covavisaruch Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Session 3: 1. Polyethyleneimine-coated Carbon Nanotubes Modified with Methyl Thioglycolate for Extraction of Gold Ions from Solution Asst. Prof. Dr. Fuangfa Unob Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science. 2. Long-term Effects of Fertilizer Applications on Heavy Metals Contaminations in Groundwater and Health Risk Assessment in the Agricultural Area, Ubon Ratchthani Province Asst. Prof. Dr. Srilert Chotpantarat Department of Geology, Faculty of Science 3. Removal of Disinfection By-products by Adsorption on Surface Functionalized Mesoporous Silicas Asst. Prof. Dr.Patiparn Punyapalakul Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 4. Decolorization of Azo Dyes in Anaerobic Baffled Reactors under Sulfate-reducing Conditions Dr. Banjaporn Suwannasilp Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The 22nd Special CU–af Seminar, June 24, 2014 Keynote Lecture Development of New Biodiesel in Thailand Prof. Dr. Tharapong Vitidsant Director, Energy Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University Research Presentation Session 1: Health Science and Medical Science 1. Generation of Human Tonsillar Follicular Helper T Cells for Molecular Analysis Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tanapat Palaga Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science 2. Analysis of miRNA Expression during Dengue Serotype 2 Infection in Vitro Models of Primary and Secondary Infection Asst. Prof. Dr. Wanchai Assavalapsakul. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science 3. Development of Rapid Charithromycin Resistant Helicobacter Pylori Strains Detection by Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification Combined with Restriction Endonuclease Digestion Asst. Prof. Dr. Nuntaree Chaichanawongsaroj Department of Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences 4. Genetic Basic of Extremely High Levels of Triglyceride Assoc. Prof. Dr. Weerapan Khovidhunkit, M.D. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine 126

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 5. Enhanced Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) Production in Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-activated T Lymphocytes Caused by Up-Regulated E2FTranscription Factor 1 (E2F1) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Parvapan Bhattharakosal Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Session 2: Science 1. Identification of miRNAs Involved in WSSV Infection from the Black Tiger Shrimp, Penaeus Monodon Asst. Prof. Dr. Kunlaya Somboonwiwat Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science 2. Quinazoline Derivatives with Anti-cholinesterase Activity Asst. Prof. Dr. Pattara Sawasdee Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science 3. Analyze of DAF Process for Treatment of Stabilized Oily-Emulsion: Local Experimental and Modeling Approaches Asst. Prof. Dr. Pisut Painmanakul Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 4.Two-stageMicrowave/ChemicalPretreatmentProcessofNapierGrassforEthanolProduction Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sujitra Wongkasemjit. The Petroleum and Petrochemical College 5. Laboratory Safety and Systematic Handling of Chemical Reagents and Waste in the Petroleum and Petrochemical College Asst. Prof. Dr. Kitipat Siemanond The Petroleum and Petrochemical College Session 3: Engineering and Material Science 1. Enhancing the Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Simple Metals Using Extreme Conditions Asst. Prof. Dr. Thiti Bovornratanaraks Department of Physics, Faculty of Science 2. Production of Open-cell Ni-Al Foams with Hierarchical Porosity Asst. Prof. Dr. Seksak Asavavisithchai Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 3. Ground Response Analysis of Bangkok Subsoil due to Remote Earthquakes Asst. Prof. Dr. Suched Likitlersuang Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 4. Environmentally Friendly RF Plasma Treatment Process of Thai Silk Fibers with Chitosan for Antibacterial Ability Asst. Prof. Dr. Doonyapong Wongsawaeng Department of Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The 23rd Special CU–af Seminar, June 21, 2015 Keynote Lecture : Multifunctional Reactors and Process Intensification for Hydrogen Prof. Dr. Suttichai Assabumrungrat Associate Dean for Research, Faculty of Engineering 127

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 Research Presentation Session 1: Physical Science 1. Effect of dUMP Halogen Substitutions to Non-covalent Ternary Complex Stability and Michael Addition Reactivity in Thymidylate Synthase/ dUMP/ mTHF Complex:MolecularDynamicsandAbinitioQuantumMechanics/MolecularMechanics Technique Dr. Thanyada Rungrotmongkol Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science 2. Diffusion of Group-III Elements in CuInSe2 / CuGase 2 Bilayer Thin Asst. Prof. Dr. Sojiphong Chatraphorn Department of Physics, Faculty of Science 3. Improvement of Titanium-based Bulk Metallic Glass Surface by Mechanical Process for Dental Implant Applications Asst. Prof. Dr. Boonrat Lohwongwatana Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 4. Impacts of Colloidal Kaolinite on Facilitated Transport of Cadmium (Cd) in Saturated Sand Aquifer Asst. Prof. Dr. Srilert Chotpantarat Department of Geology, Faculty of Science 5. A PC-to-PC Data Transfer System Using Optical Wireless Communication Dr. Yan ZHAO Department of ISE, Faculty of Engineering Session 2: Biological Science 1. Roles of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium (DNRA) Process in Aquaculture Wastewater Treatment System Asst. Prof. Dr. Wiboonluk Pungrasmi Department of Environmental, Faculty of Engineering 2. Curcumin Improved Oxidative DNA Damage and Decreased Incidence of Gastric Cancer Induced by Helicobacter Pylori Infection and N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea in Rats Prof. Duangporn Werawatganon, M.D. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine 3. Development of a Novel Yeast-based Assay for Inhibitors of Human Carbonic Anhydrase Isozyme II Asst. Prof. Dr. Chulee Yompakdee Department of Microbiology, Faculty or Science 4. Development of a Plant-bacteria Approach to Reduce Atmospheric Polycyclie Aromatic Hydrocarbons Asst. Prof. Dr. Ekawan Luepromchai Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science 5. The Protective Effects of Ferulic Acid on High Glucose-Induced Protein Glycation, Lipid Peroxidation, and Alteration in Membrane Ion Pump Activity in Human Erythrocytes Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sirichai Adisakwattana Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 128

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 The 24th Special CU–af Seminar, June 21, 2016 Keynote Lecture Commercialisation of Researches … A New Challenge for Thai Academics: Several Case Studies from Faculty of Science Prof. Dr. Sanong Ekgasit Sensor Research Unit at Department of Chemistry Research Presentation: Session 1: Engineering and Material Sciences 1. Identification and Quantification of Bioplastic in 135 Species of Cyanobacteria from Thailand Asst. Prof. Dr. Tanakarn Monshupanee Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science 2.AdsorptionMechanismsandInteractionsbetweenPharmaceuticalResiduesandNatural Organic Matters on Surface Modified Superparamagnetic Adsorbents Asst. Prof. Dr. Patiparn Punyapalakul Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 3. Potential Geothermal Heat Pump (GHP) Application in Thailand and Japan Asst. Prof. Dr. Aksara Putthividhya Department of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 4. Powder Injection Moulding of Porous Ni-YSZ Anode for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Asst. Prof. Dr. Nutthita Chuankrerkkul Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute 5. Graphene-polymer Nanocomposite Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Medical Diagnosis Dr. Nadnudda Rodthongkum Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute Session 2: Sciences and Medical Sciences 1. Influence of Mechanical-stress Inducing Human Dental Pulp Cells on Osteoclast/ Odontoclast Formation and Function Patcharee Ritprajak, D.D.S Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dentistry 2. Negative Symptoms and Neurocognitive Defects in Schizophrenia: Associations with Staging of Illness, Biomarkers, Quality of Life and Social Functioning Assoc. Prof. Buranee Kanchanatawan, M.D. Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine 3. Synthetic Biology with Cyanobacteria: Flavonoid Production in Synechocystis Sp. PCC 6803 Asst. Prof. Dr. Supaart Sirikantaramas Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science 4. Bacterial Profiles Representing Facial Skins of Female Teenagers, Adults and Elderly Asst. Prof. Dr. Narapron Somboonna Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science 5.EarlyDetectionofOchratoxigenicFungionGreenCoffeeBeansbyNearInfraredSpectroscopy Asst. Dr. Cheewanun Dachoupakan Sirisomboon Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 129

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 The 25th Special CU–af Seminar, June 20, 2017 Keynote Lecture Methane Hydrates: An Approach for Natural Gas Storage Prof. Dr. Pramoch Rangsunvigit Petroleum and Petrochemical College Research Presentation Session 1: Technology Science 1. Developing the Granular Bacteria from Novosphingobium Pentaromativorans PCY for Pyrene-Contaminated Soil Bioremediation Assoc. Prof. Dr. Onruthai Pinyakong Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science 2. In Situ Activity Investigation of Ammonia-oxidizing Archaea and Bacteria in Water Recirculation Systems of Aquaculture Ponds using DNA-Stable Isotope Probing Technique Asst. Prof. Dr. Tawan Limpiyakorn Department of Enviromental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering. 3. Graded Band Gap CuIn1-x, GaxSe2 Thin Film Solar Cells Fabricated from Bilayer Thin Films of CuInSe2 and CuGaSe2 Asst. Prof. Dr. Sojiphong Chatraphorn Department of Physics, Faculty of Science 4. Cloning and Expression of Laccase from Agrocybe Sp. CU43 in Pichia Pastoris for Fluorene Degradation Asst. Prof. Dr. Panan Rerngsamran Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science 5. Design and Simulation of Methanol Synthesis from Flue Gas: A Techno-economic Study of a Power Plant in Thailand Dr. Uthaiporn Suriyapraphadilok Petroleum and Petrochemical College Session 2: Health Sciences 1. Effects of Chronic Renal Failure on Intestinal Drug Transporters and CYP3A in a Mouse Model Asst. Prof. Dr. Supeecha Wittayalertpanya Department of Pharmacoology, Faculty of medicine 2. Molecular Study of Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia (LGL) Patients in Thai Population Chantana Polprasert, M.D. Department of Medicine , Faculty of Medicine 3. Quantitative Protein Abundance of Anti-dsDNA Mediated Signaling in Annexin II-knockdown Dr. Poorichaya Somparn Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine 4. Characterization of the Long Non-coding RNA Transcripts from Chromosome 6q23 HBS1L-MYB Intergenic Region Associated with Fetal Hemoglobin Level. Dr. Kamonlak Leecharoenkiat Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 130

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 The 26th Special CU–af Seminar, June 14, 2018 Keynote Lecture : Technology to Aid Applications of some Natural Product Extracts Prof. Dr. Supason Wanichwecharungruang Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Director, The Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program The Thailand Research Fund (TRF) Research Presentation Session 1: Science and Technology 1.DesignMethodologyandAnalysisofIntegratedFuelCellSystemsforCleanPowerProduction Asst. Prof. Dr. Amornchai Arpornwichanop Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 2. Self-assembled Island Formation in Heteroepitaxial Thin Films on Patterned Substrates : A Study by Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulations Asst. Prof. Dr. Patcha Chatraphorn Department of Physics, Faculty of Science 3. Surface Profiling Underneath Thin Transparent Layer Using Speckle Interferometry of Superluminescent Diode Based on Fourier Transform Method Asst. Prof. Dr. Montian Tianprateep Department of Physics, Faculty of Science 4. Development of Nanocomposite Material for Toxic Heavy Metal Sensor Dr. Nadnudda Rodthongkum Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute Session 2: Health Science 1. Sequence Diversity and Evolution of the Apical Membrane Antigen 1 Gene (AMA1) of Plasmodium Vivax-related Primate Malaria (P. knowlesi, P. cynomolgi and P. inui) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Chaturong Putaporntip Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine 2. Enhanced Propagation Yield of Influenza Virus for Vaccine Production through Cellular MicroRNAs Regulation Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sunchai Payungporn Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine 3. Production of Novel Cell Penetrating Peptides for Targeted Therapy of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Asst. Prof. Dr. Viroj Boonyaratanakornkit Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences 4. Investigation of Bisphenol-A Effects Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder using Transcriptomic Profiling and Interactomic Analysis of Multipotent Neural Stem Cells Dr. Tewarit Sarachana Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Session 3: Medical Science 1. Adaptation of Streptococcus Mutans Gene Expressions to Human Breast Milk Asst. Prof. Dr. Panida Thanyasrisung, D.D.S. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry 131

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 2. The Role of Toll-like Receptor 3 Ligand, Poly(I;C), on the Stem Cell Properties and Immunomodulation of Human Periodontal Ligament Cells (PDLSCs) Dr. Nuttha Klincumhom, D.V.M. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry 3. Insight into Larga-ring Cyclodextrin Production Mechanism of Amylomaltase from Corynebacterium Glutamicum Asst. Prof. Dr. Kuakarun Krusong Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science 4. Roles of Simvastatin on Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation Potential of Canine Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Dr. Chenphop Swangmake, D.V.M. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science ---------------------------------------------------------------------- The 27th Special CU–af Seminar, July 2, 2019 Keynote Lecture: From Laboratory to Patients in Surgical Theater: Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing of Titanium for Patient-Specific Implants Asst. Prof. Dr. Boonrat Lohwongwatana Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Research Presentation Session 1: Supercapacitors and Nanotechnology 1. Reduced Graphene Oxide/Layered Double Hydroxide Composite as Supercapacitor Based on a Photoelectrochemical Cell Dr. Nuttapol Pootrakulchote Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science 2. 3D Structure-preserving Galvanic Replacement to Create Hollow Gold Microstructures Asst. Prof. Dr. Prompong Pienpinijtham Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science 3. Development of Composite Polyelectrolyte Complex LDH/Graphene Membranes for Supercapacitors Asst. Prof. Dr. Stephan Thierry Dubas The Petroleum and Petrochemical College 4. Wearable Woven Supercapacitor Fabrics with a High Energy Density Dr. Jiaqian Qin Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute Session 2: Research for Social and Environmental Application 1. Characterization of Microbial Communities in Anaerobic Bioreactors in Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plants in Thailand Assoc. Prof. Dr. Benjaporn Suwannasilp Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 2. Preparation of an Anode-supported SOFC with a Well Controlled Microstructure Dr. Nutthita Chuankrerkkul Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute 132

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 3. Coal Waste Utilization for Soil Amendment for Chulalongkorn University Saraburi Campus Area Asst. Prof. Dr. Kreangkrai Maneeintr Department of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 4. Development of Communication and Alert System through Eye Gaze Detection Asst. Prof. Dr. Pattarasinee Bhattarakosol Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science Session 3: Biochemical and Biological Technology 1. Synthesis of GalactofuranoseAffinity Resin for Isolation of Novel Microbe-specific Lectins Dr. Kittikhun Wangkanont Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science 2. Probing Mechanisms of and Improving 1-butanol Tolerance of Bacillus subtilis by Modulating Lipid Levels in the Membrane Lipid Biosynthetic Pathways Dr. Nawaporn Vinayavekhin Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science 3.Photoautotrophic Cultivation of Microalgal Chlorococcum Humicola for Production of Biomass and Carotenoids Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kasidit Nootong Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 4.The Identification of Potential Pollinators in The Genus Megachile Latreille, 1802, from Trap Nests Dr. Natapot Warrit Department of Biology, Faculty of Science ---------------------------------------------------------------------- The 28th Special CU–af Seminar, October 20, 2020 Keynote Lecture: Process Intensification and Multifunctional Reactors for Supporting Thailand’s Transformation to Bio - Circular - Green (BCG) Economy Prof. Suttichai Assabumrungrat, Ph.D. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Research Presentation Session 1: Biotechnology and Environmental Research 1.Poly(Lactic Acid)/Cellulose Green Composites for Automotive Applications Dr. Chuanchom Aumnate Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute 2.Optical fiber sensor based on surface plasmon resonance for sensitive and selective detection of Atrazine herbicides Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pakorn Varanusupakul Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science 3.Evaluation of in vitro biocompatibility and efficiency of novel bioactive calcium silicate glass-Thai silk fibroin hybrid scaffolds for bone tissue engineering Dr. Peerapat Thongnuek Biomedical Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering 133

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 4.Synthesis and Applications of Citronella Oil Nanoemulsion Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kawee Srikulkit Department of Material Science, Faculty of Science 5.Sequencing and Characterization of a hypovirulence dsRNAvirus from an oomycete Dr.Thanyanuch Kriangripipat Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science Session 2: Research on Energy & Industrial Development 1.Removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Waste Tire Pyrolysis Oil via Catalytic Hydrogenation Assoc. Prof. Dr. Napida Hinchiranan Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science 2.Development of natural rubber composite for carbon dioxide adsorbent material Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sirilux Poompradub Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science 3.Efficiency and photostability of visible-light driven metal-doped NaTaO3 photocatalysts for environmental purification and clean energy production Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pornapa Sujaridworakun Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science 4.Intelligent Monitoring and Estimation of Surface Roughness and Straightness in CNC Turning Prof. Dr. Somkiat Tangjitsitcharoen Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 5.Investigation of Defect States from Radiative Emissions in Culn1-xGaxSe2 / Cu(In1-xGax)3Se5 Bi-Layer Systems by Photoluminescence Technique Asst. Prof. Dr. Sojipong Chatraphorn Department of Physics, Faculty of Science ---------------------------------------------------------------------- The 29th Special CU–af Seminar, August 25, 2021 Keynote Lecture: ChulaCov19 mRNA vaccine: from Bench to Clinic and Manufacturing Prof. Kiat Ruxrungtham, M.D. ChulaVRC (Vaccine Research Center), Faculty of Medicine Research Presentation Session 1: Health Science 1.Investigation of Effects of Physiological and Hemodynamic Changes Observed in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy on Glomerular Fluid and Macromolecule Filtration through a Mathematical Simulation EmployingHindered Transport Theory Assistant Professor Dr. Panadda Dechadilok Department of Physics, Faculty of Science 2.Crosstalk Between Liver Cancer Cells and Tumor Associated Macrophages in a Three-Dimensional Spheroid Culture Professor Dr. Tanapat Palaga Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science 134

The 30th Special CU-af Seminar 2022 September 2, 2022 3.Cold plasma therapy attenuates multi-drug resistant bacteria induced infected-wound mouse-models through the neutralization of bacteria and bacterial biofilm with inducing anti-inflammatory immune cells (neutrophil) Associate Professor Dr. Asada Leelahavanichkul Imunology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine 4.Early Detection of Anthracnose on Mango Fruit Using Hyperspectral Imaging Associate Professor Dr. Ubonrat Siriptrawan Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science 5.Functional Identification of Dof Transcription Factors Controlling Auxin Biosynthesis and Starch Degradation in Durian Fruit Ripening Associate Professor Dr. Supaart Sirikantaramas Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science 6.Development of a Yeast-Based Assay and Screening for Compounds that can Alleviate the Toxicity of Human Alpha-Synuclein, a Neurodegenerative Disease Associated Protein Associate Professor Dr. Chulee Yompakdee Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science 7.Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring through Optical Fibre Technology Dr. Charusluk Viphavakit International school of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 8.Non-enzymatic electrochemical detection of cholesterol using β-cyclodextrin immobilised on 3D paper-based device Dr. Sudkate Chaiyo Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Session 2: Science and Technology 1.Coal Combustion Product Utilization for Degraded Soil Improvement in Nan Province Professor Dr. Kreangkrai Maneeintr Department of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 2.Application of EBSD to petroleum related strike-slip zones in Thailand Professor Dr. Pitsanupong Kanjanapayont Department of Geology, Faculty of Science 3.Utilization of bacteria for self-healing concrete Assistant Professor Dr. Pitcha Jongvivatsakul Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 4.Appraisal of corrosion degree and structural properties on reinforced concrete beam using mill cut steel fiber concrete Associate Professor Dr. Withit Pansuk Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 5.Noncovalent Functionalization of Graphene Oxide for Photocatalytic Applications Assistant Professor Dr.Pannee Leeladee Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science 6.Synthesis and electrocatalytic activities of MgNiCoCuZn high entropy oxides for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions Assistant Professor Dr. Numpon Insin Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science 135