The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 Introduction and Objectives Increases in energy demands and concerns in environmental problems have brought the advancement in the utilization of sustainable energy sources including solar energy, water and wind power. As one of the most promising pathways, hydrogen production has triggered a great interest owing to its high efficiency, sustainability, and easy scalability. Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is obtained on cathodes, while oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is presented on anodes in the process of electrochemical water splitting[1-3]. Oxides of rare transition metals, such as ruthenium (IV) oxide and iridium(IV) oxide, could perform as good catalysts for these electrochemical reactions; however, these noble metals are limited in the practical usage in catalyzed hydrogen production due to their high cost and low abundance in nature[4-5]. Development of new types of materials with low-cost and noble metal-free catalyst is becoming an essential issue and under intense investigation. High entropy alloys (HEAs), a new class of transition metallic materials that are composed of five or more principle elements with equal or nearly equal concentrations, obviously tend to form a stable single phase solid-solution structure such as face-centered cubic and/or body-centered cubic, and/or hexagonal closed-packed lattices. High entropy in of the mixed metal phase allows lower free-energy and higher phase-stability[1]. As transition metals are more abundant than noble metals, many researchers are interested in their structures and continuously expand the applications of HEA[1, 6]. The HEAs feature various properties, such as high hardness, high strength, high oxidation resistance, excellent corrosion resistance, high toughness, as well as wide temperature range applications[1]. Interestingly, HEAs are expected to have high electrocatalytic activities for electrochemical water splitting. HEAs composing of mixed transition metals have been reported as electrocatalysts in HER and OER. Ni20Fe20Mo10Co35Cr15 HEA as an electrocatalyst for HER required an overpotential of only 107 mV in acidic solution and 172 mV in the basic solution to achieve current density of 10 mA cm-2. The results were better than or comparable to that of some reported electrocatalysts based on noble metals[7]. A recent study reported by Dai et al.[8] revealed that the MnFeCoNi HEA can function as a highly active and stable electrocatalyst for OER with a low overpotential of 302 mV at current density of 10 mA cm-2, a small Tefel slope of 83.7 mV dec-1 and excellent stability of electrolysis for over 20 h in 1 M potassium hydroxide solution. In addition, some mixed oxides, for example, CoMoO4 nanoarrays were deposited on a carbon cloth by a hydrothermal method. This composite exhibits high electrocatalytic reactivity for OER with a small Tafel slope of 67 mV cm-2 [9]. An overpotential of 286 mV at current density of 15 mA cm-2 can be obtained in basic media. La1.5Sr0.5 NiMn0.5Ru0.5O6 double perovskite shows OER/ORR bifunctional performance. The overpotential of 1.66 V is obtained to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for OER in alkaline solution. The ORR onset potential (Eonset) is 0.94 V, which is the best reported to date in alkaline media for perovskites .[10] High entropy oxides (HEO), a class of mixed oxides, are materials in the same HEA family. They were studied based on the concept with five-component oxides. Mg0.2Co0.2Ni0. 2Cu0.2Zn0.2O was used as an anode material for lithium ion batteries[11]. Up to now, there is no reported of electrocatalytic propertied based on HEO composed of alkaline earth metal oxides and transition metal oxides at low temperature. It is well known that reducing the heat treatment temperature for synthesis can produce the small particle sizes with high energy consumption .[12] Moreover, the use of alkaline earth could enhance the reactivity of the HEOs as well as reduce the cost of metals. Herein, we are interested in MgNiCoCuZn high entropy oxides 186

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 (MgNiCoCuZn HEOs) as it can be prepared using our simple process, and it has potentially to be an active electrocatalyst in our electrochemical investigations. The prepared MgNiCoCuZn HEOs exhibited superior electrocatalytic properties for OER in alkaline solution. Methods Synthesis of MgNiCoCuZn HEO 1. Solid state reaction method The MgNiCoCuZn HEO[13] was prepared using MgO, NiO, CoO, CuO, and ZnO powders as starting materials. Firstly, all powders were mixed with equal molar ratio. Then, the mixture was calcined at 1000 οC for 12 h. Finally, the products were characterized for physical properties using various instrument including XRD, XAS and SEM. 2. Hydrothermal method In a general method[14], the equimolar mixture of five-metal nitrates was dissolved in milli Q (10 mL), and mixed on magnetic stirrer at room temperature. Urea was added to the above solution during stirring, after became homogenous solution, the mixture in autoclave was heated at 170 οC for 18 h using an oven. The precipitated product was centrifuged and washed using ethanol and water. For heat treatment process, the obtained sample was loaded into a boat, and the solid state reaction was carried out in a horizontal furnace, which was heated to the setting temperature ranging from 300 οC to 700 οC, and maintained for 6 h under nitrogen gas, the black powder was obtained. The adapted treatment process, the ammonia was added into the sample boat. Afterward, it was calcined at 300 οC for 6 h under nitrogen atmosphere. Electrochemical measurements All the electrochemical measurements was conducted using a Plamsen potentiostat in a standard three electrode system using Pt wire served as a counter electrode and an Ag/AgCl electrode as a reference electrode. HEO was deposited on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and used as a working electrode. For the preparation of the working electrode, 0.3 µm and 0.05 µm alumina powder were used for cleaning the GCE prior to each experiment. 3 mg of the MgNiCoCuZn HEO powder, 3 mg of carbon powder and 10 µL of 5 wt% Nafion solutions were dispersed in isopropanol (300 µL). Six microliter of a homogeneous catalyst ink was loaded on the surface of the GCE and dried overnight. A freshly prepared basic (KOH) solution was used as the electrolyte. The pH value of the solution was accurate measured with an electronic pH meter. All the operation potentials were converted to reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) according to the Nernst equation[15]. The linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) experiments for calculating the overpotential were conducted at a scan rate of 5 mV s-1. Results and Discussion X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of all precursors and the as-prepared products were obtained at room temperature using a Rigaku employing a monochromatized Cu Kα radiation source. The XRD diffractograms of the metal oxide precursors are presented in the Figure 1, together with results for MgNiCoCuZn HEO. Magnesium oxide, Nickel oxide and Cobalt oxide XRD patterns could be well indexed to the (111), (200), (220), (311), and (222) planes of the cubic rock-salt structured (Fm-3m) metal oxides. Starting powders from the copper oxide 187

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 and zinc oxide precursors can be detected in the different diffraction peaks, the two-theta (2θ) and the relative intensities of the main phase match with tenorite and wurtzite, respectively. Figure 1f depicts the XRD patterns of the equimolar MgNiCoCuZn HEO crystalline powder synthesized at 1000 οC for 12 h. The samples are black in color and exhibit a single-phase cubic rock-salt structure with the space group of Fm-3m (JCPDS No. 77-7548)[13, 16]. In addition, no trace of tenorite copper oxide or wurtzite zinc oxide can be seen in the XRD pattern. Therefore, we can confidently conclude that all metal oxide precursors transform to a solid solution in rock salt phase. This XRD pattern can be attributed to a single crystal structure, which is in an agreement with the high entropy materials concept. Crystallography analysis using XRD of the products from hydrothermal process is shown in Figure 2. After hydrothermal process, the diffraction peak of product is obtained in Figure 2, which indicates that the as-prepared powders are crystallized samples with rhombohedral structure. No tendency towards formation of other phases is visible. Rhombohedral phase has a space group with all diffraction peaks similar to pattern of Spherocobaltite (CoCO3) (JCPDS No.11-0692). Figure 1: XRD patterns of the precursors Figure 2: XRD patterns of the as- and the as-synthesized MgNiCoCuZn prepared MgNiCoCuZn HEO samples HEO via solid state reaction method via hydrothermal method with different temperatures for post-treatment process The XRD patterns are still at the same positions and relative intensities after calcination at 300 οC for 6 h (Nitrogen). The as-prepared powder was thermally treated in an inert atmosphere at 500 οC for 6 h, and the high entropy oxide, as a black powder, was found. As shown in Figure 2, five diffraction peaks are observed, which are similar to the XRD pattern of HEOs prepared 188

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 using solid state reaction method. After calcination at 700 οC for 6 h under nitrogen atmosphere, the phase structure of the high entropy oxide materials exhibited the simple solid solution structure of a rock salt. From the XRD pattern of MgNiCoCuZn HEO products using hydrothermal method and heat treatment at 300 οC for 6 h (Figure 2d), it still showed metal carbonate mixture. After the 300 οC heat treatment and adding basic solution, the sample became a single-phase rock-salt (Figure 2c). Figure 3: (a) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image, (b) SEM-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) images of as-prepared MgNiCoCuZn HEO particles using solid state reaction method The scanning electron microscopy (SEM;JEOL) was used to examine the morphologies of the samples. The elemental composition studies for as-prepared MgNiCoCuZn HEO particles were performed using SEM-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). SEM-EDS measurements were performed at 20 kV with a width distance of 10 mm. The SEM image gives the solid state HEO samples (Figure 3a) are irregular and aggregated. Elemental mapping also reveals all five metal elements (Mg, Ni, Co, Cu, and Zn) and oxygen in solid state reaction HEO and well distribution over the specified region. Each color plot indicated the area where each element signal was detected. The distribution of all the metals and oxygen is uniform. No obvious gaps or intermittent parts are observed. It is implied that the as-prepared HEO via solid state reaction consists mainly of Mg, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, and O elements (Figure 3b) However, the MgNiCoCuZn HEO prepared using hydrothermal and heat treatment process shows the microsphere morphology as shown in Figure 4a. SEM observations indicate the clear evidence of uniform dispersion of nano-sized particles synthesized via a hydrothermal and heat treatment process. The mean particle size is approximately calculated as 413 nm using ImageJ software. For SEM-EDS of hydrothermal HEO sample, in Figure 4b, it can be seen that all the five elements and oxygen are obtained. Notably, an obvious large size in MgNiCoCuZn HEO via solid state reaction (Figure 3a) is caused by the calcination at high temperature, in comparison with the MgNiCoCuZn HEO microspheres (Figure 4a) via hydrothermal method. 189

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 Figure 4: (a) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image, (b) SEM-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) images of as-prepared MgNiCoCuZn HEO particles using hydrothermal method, adding ammonia and heat treatment at 300 οC for 6 h under nitrogen atmosphere The X-ray absorption spectra were measured simultaneously in the fluorescence modes on MgNiCoCuZn HEO on beam line 5.2 at Synchrotron Light Research Institute using a Si (111) double crystal monochromator (DCM). An average of at least two scans of each sample was made for each the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectrum in order to improve the signal. The absolute energy positions were calibrated using each transition metal foil (Ni, Co, Cu, Zn) that was investigated before measuring each metal in the sample. The oxidation states of each metal in MgNiCoCuZn HEO sample is ulteriorly determined by XANES. The near-edge features at the K-edge of 3d transition metal compounds are because of transitions from the 1s to 4p orbitals[13]. The K-edge 3d transition metal spectra are compared to the standard in different oxidation state shown in Figure 5. Firstly, the XANES spectrum (Figure 5a) of Ni K-edge in the MgNiCoCuZn HEO sample identically matched that of the nickel (II) oxide standard. In the Table 1-4, the absorption edge energy from derivative spectrum clearly supports the pre-edge features. Secondly, Figure 5b shows the Co K-edge spectra of HEO sample and some cobalt standards. By analyzing the absorption spectra on the XANES region, the geometry of the Co element in the MgNiCoCuZn HEO can be determined if identical or very close to that of the cobalt (II) oxide compound. As seen in Figure 5c., the HEO sample shows the similarity of copper (II) oxide standard. The chemical edge shift of the Cu-K edge for HEO is consistent with assigning a Cu2+ configuration (Table 3). Finally, the absorption edge energy in the Table 4 can serve as an indicator of charge state in Zn. The Zn-K pre-edge clearly represented the oxidation of Zn of 2+ (Figure 5d). Analysis of XANES results suggests that MgNiCoCuZn HEO presents the oxidation states of Ni2+, Co2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+. 190

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 Figure 5: K-edge XANES spectra of (a) Ni, (b) Co, (c) Cu, (d) Zn in MgNiCoCuZn HEO 191

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 To study OER, the three-electrode system was carried out to investigate the electrocatalytic performance of HEOs in 1 M KOH electrolyte. The value of the overpotential at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 is crucial to evaluate the electrocatalytic performance. As shown in Figure 6, the LSV polarization curves of as-prepared MgNiCoCuZn HEO sample using solid state reaction method and the bare GCE were compared. The GCE has a negligible current intensity in the potential range of 1.0 to 1.8 V (versus reversible hydrogen electrode, vs. RHE). The as-synthesized MgNiCoCuZn HEO sample that was calcined at 1000 οC for 12 h presents OER performance with an overpotential of 469 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2. The LSV polarization curves of all the HEO samples that were synthesized using the hydrothermal and heat treatment process, are shown in Figure 7. The calcined MgNiCoCuZn HEO at 300 οC with ammonia (HEO_300 οC_6 h & NH4OH) exhibits the lowest overpotential (142 mV) to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in comparison with HEO_300 οC_6 h (281 mV), HEO_500 οC_6 h (341 mV), and HEO_700 οC_6 h (438 mV) catalysts at the same applied potential. A significantly reduced the overpotential for OER is observed in all hydrothermal method HEO samples (Figure 7) compared to that of solid state reaction method HEO sample (Figure 6). This implies that the prepared MgNiCoCuZn HEO sample via solid state reaction method has larger size than the HEO samples via hydrothermal method due to calcination at high temperature. HEOs need to use the calcinations procedure to transform five metal oxides precursors to be a single phase product. Mixing of metal nitrates before heating at lower temperatures makes the small MgNiCoCuZn HEO samples. The small sizes give rise to more active sites and subsequently enhance the overall electrochemical performance[12]. Metal solution mixing does indeed appear to help with improving the electroactivity of HEOs. At the same current density, the MgNiCoCuZn HEO_300 οC_6 h & NH4OH sample shows the better performance than the product in the orange spectrum because the sample became a rocksalt high entropy oxide structure after calcination at 300 οC and adding ammonia. The MgNiCoCuZn HEO 192

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 materials have high stability in many hard conditions than others[16].This work reports milder condition, resulting in the MgNiCoCuZn HEOs with low aggregation, high stability and low energy consuming in the preparation. Figure 6: The LSV polarization curves of Figure 7: The LSV polarization curves of as-prepared MgNiCoCuZn HEO sample all the MgNiCoCuZn HEO samples that using solid state reaction method and the are synthesized using the hydrothermal and bare GCE heat treatment process Conclusion In conclusion, this is the first report of the preparation of MgNiCoCuZn high entropy oxides. The HEO can be prepared using both ceramic solid-state reaction and hydrothermal methods. The single crystalline phase of rock-salt structure with uniformly distribution of each metal component were observed from both methods; however, the particle aggregation, particle size and particle shape are different. XANES X-ray absorption spectra revealed that the oxidation states of all metal are mainly 2+. The hydrothermal method yielded the intermediate products of rhombohedral structure which could be of interest for further study. Also, using hydrothermal method could lead to HEO product with lower in energy consumption. MgNiCoCuZn HEOs showed some degree of electrocatalytic performance on the oxygen evolution reaction as compared to bared carbon electrode with the HEO from hydrothermal method followed by calcination under ammonium hydroxide atmosphere exhibited the lowest overpotential likely due to the smallest particle size and purity of the crystal phase obtained. These results demonstrated that HEO with alkali-earth metal could be obtained with relatively mild condition and could be further studied for their catalytic performance. 193

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 References 1. Pogrebnjak, A. D., Bagdasaryan, A. A., Yakushchenko, I. V. and Beresnev, V. M., Russ. Chem. Rev., 2014(83): 1027-1061. 2. Armand, M. and Tarascon, J. M., Nature, 2008(451): 652–657. 3. Suen, N.-T., Hung, S.-F., Quan, Q., Zhang, N., Xu, Y.-J. and Chen, H. M., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2017(46): 337–365. 4. Lee, Y., Suntivich, J., May, K. J., Perry, E. E. and Yang, S. H., J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2012(3): 399–404. 5. McCrory, C. C. L., Jung, S., Peters, J. C. and Jaramillo, T. F., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2013(135): 16977–16987. 6. Fang, G., Gao, J., Lv, J., Jia, H., Li, H., Liu, W., Xie, G., Chen, Z., Huang, Y., Yuan, Q. and Qiu, H. –J., Appl. Catal. B, 2020(268): 118431. 7. Zhang, G., Ming, K., Kang, J., Huang, Q., Zhang, Z., Zheng, X. and Bi, X., Electrochim. Acta, 2018 (279): 19-23. 8. Dai, W., Lu, T. and Pan, Y., J. Power Sources, 2019(430): 104–111. 9. Qiu, N., Chen, H., Yang, Z., Sun, S., Wang, and Cui, Y., Y., J. Alloys Compd., 2019(777) : 767-774. 10. Retuerto, M., Calle-Vallejo, F., Pascual, L., Lumbeeck, G., Fernandez-Diaz, M. T., Croft, M., J., Gopalakrishnan, M., Peña, A., Hadermann, J., Greenblatt, M. and Rojas, S., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2019(11): 21454−21464. 11. Wang, F., Zhao, J., Tian, W., Hu, Z., Lv, X., Zhang, H., Yue, H., Zhang, Y., Ji, J. and Jiang, W., RSC Adv., 2019(9): 1562-1569. 12. Sharma, N., Ojha, H., Bharadwaj, A., Pathak, D.P. and Sharma, R.K., RSC Adv., 2015(5): 53381-53403. 13. Rost, C. M., Sachet, E., Borman, T., Moballegh, A., Dickey, E. C., Hou, D., Jones, J. L., Curtarolo, S. and Maria, J. –P., Nat. Commun., 2015(6): 8485-8491. 14. Mao, A., Xiang, H. –Z., Zhang, Z. –G., Koji, K., Zhang, H. and Jia, Y., J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2020(497): 165884-16888. 15. Chauhan, M., Reddy, K. P., Gopinath, C. S. and Deka, S., ACS Catal., 2017(7): 5871-5879. 16. Sarkar, A., Wang, Q., Schiele, A., Chellali, M. R., Bhattacharya, S. S., Wang, D., Brezesinski, T., Hahn, H., Velasco, L. and Breitung, B., Adv. Mater., 2019(31): 1806236. 194



Utilization of Gypsum-bonded Investment Mold Waste from Jewelry and Accessory Industry as Raw Material for Construction Materials Using Geopolymer Technology Nithiwach NAWAUKKARATHARNANT

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 Utilization of Gypsum-bonded Investment Mold Waste from Jewelry and Accessory Industry as Raw Material for Construction Materials Using Geopolymer Technology Nithiwach NAWAUKKARATHARNANT1* Abstract The gypsum-bonded investment mold is important for jewelry setting casting process. The mold is designed for single-used and then it will be discarded as a waste. Utilizing such waste as raw material for geopolymer is interesting. The aim of this study is to fabricate red clay based geopolymer consisted of calcined red clay, mold waste, and other chemicals. The samples were prepared using 60:40 solid/liquid ratio by weight. The amount of added mold waste in the samples was varied. The 3:2 sodium silicate (Na2SiO3)/10M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was prepared as alkaline solution. The geopolymer samples were formed in silicone mold and kept by plastic bag under ambient temperature until the day of tests. The compressive strength and setting time of geopolymer decreased with increasing the amount of added mold waste. The microstructure and phases composition represented the traces of sodium sulphate occurred from reaction between calcium sulphate and sodium hydroxide. 1Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute Chulalongkorn University Bangkok, Thailand 197

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 Introduction and Objectives In recent years, the rapid growths of an industrial society are generating progressively more waste and wastewater. Industrial waste and wastewater have an influence on the environment[1]. Recycling and upcycling of industrial waste have been focused because they can rescue the earth by removing or reducing the garbage. For jewelry and accessory industries, a gypsum-boned investment mold waste, which is the crucial material for jewelry setting casting process, is designed for single-used and it will be destroyed and discarded as the wastes. The phase compositions of the gypsum-bonded investment powder are silica (SiO2) in form of quartz and cristobalite, and calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO4·0.5H2O) binder. The powder will be mixed with water to make the slurry and formed to be a mold. For improving the strength to the mold, the calcium sulfate hemihydrate is transformed to calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O) during setting process. And the calcium sulfate dihydrate will be transformed to anhydrate (CaSO4) after the heating and burnout process. Finally, melted metal is poured into the mold to cast the jewelry setting products before immersing them into the water to destroy the mold[2-4]. A geopolymer[5-7] is an inorganic polymeric material which consists of alumino- silicate chains and network. The geopolymer is produced by reaction among aluminosilicate materials, concentrated hydroxide and silicate solution at room temperature and forms mostly in amorphous phase. The prefix “geo” names the bond of aluminosilicate from geological materials consequently “geopolymer” normally means the material consisting of abundant polymeric chains/networks and aluminosilicate bonds from geological materials. Poly(sialate), which is contained in geopolymer based on silica and alumina, is an alkali silicon-oxo-aluminate. The alkali metal elements are sodium, potassium, lithium and calcium and they form unit with poly(sialate) as (Na, K, Li, Ca) (Si-O-Al) or (Na, K, Li, Ca)-sialate. The sialate is the bonding among silicon, aluminum, and oxygen at various ratios. The Si and Al atomic ratio in a mixture classify the sialate names to four units. The strength of geopolymer is contributed by the complexity poly(sialate) chains and networks. This process is called geopolymerization. The Si4+ and Al3+ in IV-fold coordination are bonded to the oxygen and then they are arranged from amorphous to semi-crystalline phase. To balance the negative charge, the positive ions such as Na+, K+ and Ca2+ are present in the framework cavities. The geopolymer for construction materials research were studied for a long time. Pimraksa and co-worker[8] synthesized the lightweight geopolymeric material for construction material from diatomaceousearth and rice husk ash with high SiO2/Al2O3 and Na2O/Al2O3 ratios. The results shown that the Na2O/Al2O3 ratios of mixture, curing time and temperature, size of raw material and concentration of NaOH solution affected the properties of geopolymer especially compressive strength and water resistance. El-Naggar and co-worker[9] fabricated the insulating bricks from waste slaked lime, clay bricks waste and de-aluminated kaolin waste with NaOH solution. They also added the aluminum waste as the aluminum sources. They got the geopolymer brick samples which exhibit a bulk density of about 1000 kg/m3, compressive strength of 1.4 MPa and a thermal conductivity of 0.26 W/(m·K). Amin and colleague[10] created the geopolymer bricks consisted of ceramic wall fine dust waste and alkaline activators (Ca(OH)2 and NaOH). The samples consisted of 10% Ca(OH)2, 1% NaOH, 38% H2O, and 89% waste resulted in maximum compressive strength of about 9 MPa. In case of calcium based geopolymer, there are several types for example Ca-poly (alumino-sialate), Ca-poly(alumino-sialate)+(Na,K,)-poly(sialate) and alkalination of 198

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 Ca-poly (alumino-sialate)[5]. Normally, the sources of calcium are pure Ca(OH)2 and slag that are reacted with dehydroxylate kaolinitic clays and/or alkaline activator. Calcium is proved to interfere with the gelation of silica and alumina in geopolymerization process and alter the compressive strength and the microstructures. The calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel formed in this geopolymer usually improves the compressive strength of final products because of decreasing of porosity[11]. Using of gypsum as raw material for geopolymer production is rarely observed. Yubin and Jea Eun[12] added gypsum (0 – 6 wt%) into fly ash base geopolymer which is composed of fly ash, NaOH and Na2SiO3 solution. The optimum amount of added gypsum for improving the compressive strength of samples at 28 days was 2 and 4 wt%. Moreover, the gypsum obviously delayed the development of pore structures over time because the rate of the geopolymerization was slowed. Although, Thai local white clay or kaolin such as Ranong kaolin[13] was widely used as a raw material for producing the geopolymer in several research, but local red clay was rarely observed. Choeycharoen and co-workers[14] studied the synthesis of geopolymer using local red clay from various areas in Thailand as raw material. Moreover, Ratchaburi red clay is interesting because Ratchaburi province is the center of terracotta products made from such red clay. Producing the alternative product made from Ratchaburi red clay not only increase the value of the clay but also gain more income for business owner. In this work, geopolymer will be fabricated. Gypsum-bonded investment mold waste and Ratchaburi red clay will be used as raw materials and will be mixed with NaOH and Na2SiO3 solution. Effects of mold waste on properties of the red clay based geopolymers will be investigated. Methods The gypsum-bonded investment mold waste (GIMW) from Oldmoon Co.,Ltd., in Nakornpathom province was dried at 60 °C or 110 °C for 24 hours. The dried waste was ground by disc pulverizer and passed through sieve number 60 mesh. Red clay from Ratchaburi province was dried at 110 °C for 24 hours. The dried clay was ground and passed through sieve number 100 mesh before calcining at 700 °C for 2 hours. In this report, calcined clay is called as CC. NaOH fleck was dissolved in DI water to preparing the 10M NaOH solution and stored for 24 hours to allow equilibration. The 10M NaOH was mixed with Na2SiO3 solution from C. Thai chemicals company limited (31.12% SiO2, 10.10% Na2O and 58.78% water) in a ratio of 2:3 by weight. The alkaline activator solution was stirred and then stored for 24 hours to allow equilibration before using. The geopolymer samples were prepared by mixing CC, dried GIMW and alkaline activator solution and the formulations are shown in table 1. Calculated Si/Al and Na/Al molar ratios of each formula was presented in this table. The mixture was stirred for 7 minutes to get homogeneous slurry and then pouring into silicone molds with a dimension of 25 mm x 25 mm x 25 mm for compressive strength test. Moreover, the mold with a dimension of 10 mm x 10 mm x 10 mm was used for other tests. The samples were covered with a plastic sheet and kept in closed box for 24 hours to set. After that, the samples were removed from the molds and then cured in plastic bag under ambient temperature until the day of test. 199

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 Table 1: Formulation, Si/Al and Na/Al molar ratios of geopolymers. Raw materials were characterized the chemical compositions by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) (Rigaku, ZSX Primus III+), particle size by laser particle size distribution analyzer (Malvern, Mastersizer 2000), phase composition by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) (Bruker, D8 ADVANCE), functional group by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) (ThermoFisher Scientific, Nicolet iZ10) and morphology by scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) (JEOL, JMS-6480 LV). For raw clay, the thermal analysis was determined by DTA/TG technique (NETZSCH, STA 2500). Phase composition was characterized by XRD with Cu Kα radiation and λ = 1.5418 angstrom, operated at 30 mA, 40 kV with a scanning rate of 0.102°/s for 2θ in the range from 5° to 80°. The geopolymer slurry was determined a viscosity by viscometer (Brookfield, RVDV E 230) using needle number 4 with 12 rpm of speed. The setting time of geopolymer was measured by Vicat apparatus as described in ASTM C191-04[15]. The compressive strength of geopolymer samples were tested at the ages of 1, 7, 14 and 28 days with the 5 mm/min speed rate and bending strength of samples were tested at the ages of 7 and 28 days with the 1.5 mm/min speed rate by universal testing machine (Instron, 5843). Bulk density and water absorption of geopolymer samples cured at 28 days were measured according to method of ASTM C140-02[16]. Furthermore, the samples cured at 28 days also determined the morphology, phase composition and functional group. Results and Discussion Chemical compositions of raw materials are shown in table 2. The main compositions of clay were SiO2 and Al2O3 and of GIMW are SiO2, CaO and SO3. A small amount of Fe2O3 is found in clay. The result represents that the chemical composition of clay was suitable for using as raw material for geopolymer preparation, while the GIMW had potential for using as additive in geopolymer. Table1 also shows particle size of raw materials. The particle size of raw clay was 7.99 µm that smaller than GIMW. The small particle of clay can enhance the geopolymerization[17]. 200

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 Figure 1: shows the DTA/TG curve of the red clay. The broad endothermic peaks at around 100 °C and 485 °C were found in DTA curve. The endothermic peak at 485-530 °C indicated that kaolinite (Al2O3·2SiO2·2H2O) was transformed to metakaolinite (Al2O3·2SiO2) due to dehydroxylation reaction[13]. The metakaolinite play an important role in geopolymerization and mechanical properties of geopolymers. In addition, from TG curve, weight of clay dramatically decreased at 400-530 °C and continuously decreased until around 700 °C. Figure 1: DTA/TG curve of Ratchaburi red clay. XRD patterns of raw materials before and after preparation are shown in figure 2. The raw clay contained quartz, kaolinite, illite, anatase and microcline as shown in figure 2(a). After calcining, the peaks of kaolinite disappeared due to dehydroxylation that agree with DTA result. For GIMW, figure 2(b), as-received GIMW consisted of quartz, cristobalite, gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) and anhydrite (CaSO4). The calcium sulfate compounds found in GIMW were binder in gypsum-bonded investment mold after casting processing. The structural water was removed at high temperature and then the hot mold was destroyed by water to remove the mold off. Calcium sulfate compounds could be reacted with water to form gypsum and bassanite again while some of them could not react with water because they are dead burnt gypsum[18]. The result of drying temperature for GIMW also shows in figure 2(b). The suitable temperature was 60 °C because this temperature cannot transform the gypsum to bassanite (CaSO4·1/2H2O) phase which may affect the water requirement during geopolymer preparation. 201

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 Figure 2: XRD patterns of raw materials (a) Ratchaburi red clay and (b) GIMW. Figure 3: SEM images of (a) Ratchaburi red clay at 500x, (b) GIMW dried at 60 °C, (c) Ratchaburi red clay at 5000x and (d) CC. (a) to (d) observes the SEM images of Ratchaburi red clay at 500x, GIMW dried at 60 °C, Ratchaburi red clay at 5000x and CC, respectively. The images reveal that the particle size of raw clay and GIMW were different. For GIMW, calcium sulfate and silica particle were detected by EDS. The morphology of GIMW showed the irregular shape of quartz and cristobalite, and rod-like and prismatic shape of calcium sulfate compounds. For figure 3 (c) and (d), the laminar structure of raw clay was observed while it was not observed in CC. The morphology of CC is irregular particles. 202

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 Figure 4: Setting time and viscosity of geopolymer. Figure 4. presents setting time and viscosity of geopolymers. These properties are important to workability of geopolymers in practical use. The results reveal that the setting time of geopolymer decreased with an increasing the amount of GIMW due to the amount of calcium in the mixture. The calcium acts as an accelerator[19]. Moreover, the effect of calcium on initial setting time was outstanding. For viscosity, the result shows that the viscosity of geopolymer slurry decreased when added 2.5% of GIMW. On the other hand, the viscosity of slurry increased when added the GIMW more than 5%. Figure 5. shows the photograph of geopolymer samples after setting. The color of the samples is brown seem like red clay masonry brick but the surface of them is smoother. Some of trapped air was found on the top surface of samples. They were occurred during forming process. Figure 5: Photograph of geopolymer samples The compressive strength, density, and water absorption of geopolymer samples is shown in figure 6 (a) and (b), respectively. The increase in GIMW content affected the compressive strength of geopolymer. Early strength (1 day) of geopolymer samples contained GIMW was higher than G0 sample. However, the strength tended to decrease with increasing GIMW content for the samples cured for 7 days. Surprisingly, the value of the G2.5 and G5 samples were higher than G0 for curing time for 28 days. According to the strength result, the density and water absorption indicated the same trend. The water absorption of G2.5 samples was lowest so that the strength was high. This is because the small amount of calcium from calcium sulfate in GIMW can react with silica and alumina in CC and create the C-S-H and calcium aluminosilicate hydrate (C-A-S-H) in geopolymer[19]. On the other hand, the strength of geopolymer decreased with increasing the GIMW more than 5% due to the absence of sodium in geopolymer. The calcium sulfate can react with sodium hydroxide and then 203

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 produce the sodium sulfate so that the sodium is not enough for reacting with silica and alumina. Moreover, increasing of GIMW more than 5% decreased the amount of active silica in geopolymer resulting in low geopolymerization reaction. Figure 6: Compressive strength of geopolymer samples cured for 1, 7, 14 and 28 days (a) and density and water absorption of geopolymer cured for 28 days. The FTIR of CC, GIMW dried at 60 °C and geopolymer samples is represented in figure 7. Bands of Si-O-Si at 510, 694, 778, 797 and 1023 cm-1 (1096 cm-1 for GIMW) indicated quartz, cristobalite or silicate compounds[7, 20, 21]. The bands of Si-O-T (T=Si or Al) were observed around 460 and 1023 cm-1 indicated aluminosilicate compounds[7]. The water bending band was found around 3470 cm-1 in geopolymer[22]. Bands of O-C-O around 1420 to 1445 cm-1 and 882 cm-1 indicated sodium carbonate occurred from reaction of sodium and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere[23]. The weak doublet observed in lower region at around 669 and 620 cm-1 was due to in and out-of-plane bending vibration of sulfate indicated sodium sulfate[24] which can confirm that sodium sulfate was formed in geopolymer, and calcium sulfate in GIMW. For GIMW, the water vibration bands were observed at 3403 and 3552 cm-1 and water-bending vibration were observed at 1621 and 1686 cm-1 .[24] Figure 7: FTIR patterns of raw materials and geopolymer samples cured for 28 days. (T = Si or Al) The XRD of geopolymer samples cured for 28 days is showed in figure 8. The results can be confirmed that the sodium sulfate in form of thenadite was created by reaction between calcium sulfate and sodium hydroxide. In addition, the intensity of thenadite and cristobalite peaks increased with increasing the amount of GIMW. While the phases containing in CC were still observed. 204

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 Figure 8: XRD patterns of geopolymer samples cured for 28 days. Figures 9 and 10 show the SEM images of fracture surface of geopolymer samples cured for 28 days. For figure 9, the difference of pores content among the samples were observed. The amount of pore tended to increase with increasing the GIMW content due to the viscosity that agree with density and water absorption result. However, the addition of 2.5% of GIMW plays a good role to geopolymer that not only decrease the viscosity of geopolymer slurry but also maintain the compressive strength of geopolymer sample. Figure 10 indicated the trace of C-A-S-H and sodium aluminosilicate hydrate (N-A-S-H) which are the main production products of geopolymerization[25, 26], and sodium sulfate detected by EDS. The C-A-S-H and sodium sulfate were found in the samples contained GIMW and N-A-S-H was found in all samples. Moreover, the grains of silica were observed in all samples because they could not react with alkaline activator. Figure 9: SEM images (100x) of fracture surface of geopolymer samples cured for 28 days. (a) G0, (b) G2.5, (c) G5, (d) G7.5 and (f) G10. 205

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 Figure 10: SEM images (3000x) of fracture surface of geopolymer samples cured for 28 days. (a) G0, (b) G2.5, (c) G5, (d) G7.5 and (f) G10. Conclusion In conclusion, the use of gypsum-boned investment mold waste as additive in red clay based geopolymer has the potential. The adding gypsum-boned investment mold waste into red clay based geopolymer can reduce the setting time and viscosity, while the compressive strength was maintained. The addition of 2.5% GIMW in geopolymer enhance the workability for practical use. The traces of sodium sulfate were detected that formed by sodium hydroxide and calcium sulfate reaction. Moreover, C-A-S-H, N-A-S-H and C-S-H were detected in geopolymers. The apparent of geopolymer samples seem like masonry brick and had smooth surface. This study shows the alternative way to use the waste from jewelry industries in the future. References 1. Gavali, H. R., Bras, A., Faria, P., and Ralegaonkar, R. V., Construction and Building Materials, 215 180-191. 2. Phetrattanarangsi, T. et al., Thermochimica Acta, 657 144-150. 3. Luk, W. K. and Darvell, B. W., Dental Materials, 19 (6): 552-557. 4. Yun-Jong Kim, S.-B. K., Hyun-Hye Park, Myeong-Deok Seo, Byoung-Cheon Lee, Man-So Han, Taik-Nam Kim, Sung-Baek Cho, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 24 (01): 143-144. 5. Davidovits, J., Geopolymer chemistry and applications. Geopolymer Institute, 2008. 6. Davidovits, J., J. Ceram. Sci. Technol, 8 (3): 335-350. 7. Liew, Y.-M., Heah, C.-Y., Mohd Mustafa, A. B., and Kamarudin, H., Progress in Materials Science, 83 595-629. 8. Pimraksa, K., Chindaprasirt, P., Rungchet, A., Sagoe-Crentsil, K., and Sato, T., Materials Science and Engineering: A, 528 (21): 6616-6623. 9. El-Naggar, K. A. M., Amin, S. K., El-Sherbiny, S. A., and Abadir, M. F., Construction and Building Materials, 222 699-705. 10. Amin, S. K., El–Sherbiny, S. A., El–Magd, A. A. M. A., Belal, A., and Abadir, M. F., Construction and Building Materials, 157 610-620. 206

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 11. Zhuang, X. Y. et al., Journal of Cleaner Production, 125 253-267. 12. Jun, Y. and Oh, J. E., Materials, 8 (6): 3053-3067. 13. Tippayasam, C., Keawpapasson, P., Thavorniti, P., Panyathanmaporn, T., Leonelli, C., and Chaysuwan, D., Construction and Building Materials, 53 455-459. 14. Choeycharoen, P., Sornlar, W., Shongkittikul, W., and Wannagon, A., CHIANG MAI JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, 46 (6): 1234-1248. 15. Standard Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement by Vicat Needle, ASTM C191-04, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2004. 16. Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units, ASTM C140-02, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2002. 17. Louati, S., Baklouti, S., and Samet, B., Applied Clay Science, 132-133 571-578. 18. Sievert, T., Wolter, A., and Singh, N. B., Cement and Concrete Research, 35 (4): 623-630. 19. Chindaprasirt, P., Phoo-ngernkham, T., Hanjitsuwan, S., Horpibulsuk, S., Poowancum, A., and Injorhor, B., Case Studies in Construction Materials, 9 e00198. 20. Shillito, L.-M., Almond, M. J., Nicholson, J., Pantos, M., and Matthews, W., Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 73 (1): 133-139. 21. Qiao, Z., Liu, Q., Zhang, S., and Wu, Y., Solid State Sciences, 96 105948. 22. Onutai, S., Jiemsirilers, S., Thavorniti, P., and Kobayashi, T., Construction and Building Materials, 101 298-308. 23. Kamaraj, C., Lakshmi, S., Rose, C., and Muralidharan, C., Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 7 (11): 240-257. 24. Anbalagan, G., Mukundakumari, S., Murugesan, K. S., and Gunasekaran, S., Vibrational Spectroscopy, 50 (2): 226-230. 25. Kumar, S., Kumar, R., and Mehrotra, S., Journal of materials science, 45 (3): 607-615. 26. Li, C., Sun, H., and Li, L., Cement and Concrete Research, 40 (9): 1341-1349. 207

Appendix

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 The Asahi Glass Foundation has continuously supported the researchers of Chulalongkorn University in various disciplines ranging from Petrochemical and Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, to Chemistry, Environmental Technology and Medicine. In order to present the overall results of the research supported by the Asahi Glass Foundation, Chulalongkorn University and the Asahi Glass Foundation have co-organized annual seminar since 1993. The purpose of these seminars is to promote the development of Engineering, Science and Technology in Thailand. Each seminar aims primarily to impart research findings to public and private sectors. The themes of annual seminars over the early years and the details of the special CU-af seminars were as follows: 1st Seminar: February 26, 1993: Overview of Petrochemical Technology Keynote Lecture Thailand’s Petrochemical Industry Dr. Pailin Chuchottaworn, Bangkok Polyethylene Co., Ltd. Research Presentation 1. Synthesis of Alcohols from Synthesis Gas Assoc. Prof. Dr. Wiwut Tanthapanichakoon 2. Catalyst Deactivation and Improvement Prof. Dr. Piyasan Praserthdam 3. Removal of Nirtogen Oxide Pollutants from Gaseous Emission Assoc. Prof. Dr. Chairit Satayaprasert -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2nd Seminar: January 14, 1994: Environmental Protection Technology Keynote Lecture Water Pollution in Thailand: Present Situations, Remedial Measures and Future Trend Prof. Dr. Thongchai Panswad, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University Research Presentation 1. Determination of Total Fluorine in the Atmosphere via Cyclic Fast Neutron Activation Technique Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tatchai Sumitra 2. Hydrodesulfurization of Thiophene Using Zeolite-Type Catalyst Prof. Dr. Wiwut Tanthapanichakoon 3. Development of Water Absorbent Polymer from Tapioca Flour Prof. Dr. Suda Kiatkamjornwong 4. Effects of Nitrogen Compounds on Hydrogenation of Thiophene Asst. Prof. Dr. Sasithorn Boon-Long 5. Mathematical of Wave and Current around River Estuary Asst. Prof. Dr. Sucharit Koontanakulvong and Asst. Prof. Dr. Sutat Weesakul -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 209

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 3rd Seminar: January 20, 1995: Public Health and Biochemistry Keynote Lecture Essential Research in Basic Sciences for Public Health in Thailand Prof. Charas Suwanwela, M.D. Research Presentation 1. Effects of Infra-Red Laser on Denervated Muscle: An Experimental Study in the Rat Assoc. Prof. Dr. Vilai Chintanez 2. Erythrocyte Na, K-Activated Adenosine Triphosphatase (Na+K+Pump) among Different Population Groups of Bangkok and Northeast Thailand Prof. Dr. Piyaratana Tosukhowong 3. High Butanol Productivity by Single-Stage Bioreactor with Microfiltration Assoc. Prof. Dr. Chirakarn Muanganpoh 4. Application of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Assay for the Diagnosis of HIV-1 and HIV-2 Infections Asst. Prof. Dr. Pornthep Tiensiwakul 5. Study on Bioactive Natural Products from Thai Marine Invertebrates Dr. Khanit Suwanborirux 6. Holistic Approach Training for Thai-Japanese Health Professions Mr. Boonnart Laisnitsaekul -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4th Seminar: January 25, 1996: Glass and Inorganic Materials Keynote Lecture Trends and Developments, Investment Policies and Promotion of Glass and Ceramics Industries in Thailand Mr. Chakramon Phasukavanich, Deputy Secretary-General, Office of the Board of Investment Research Presentation 1. Analysis and Design of Glass Windows for Sky-high Buildings Subjected to Heating/ Cooling and Wind Pressure Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pramote Dechaumpai 2. Study of the Local and Temporal Distribution of Temperature, Oxygen Activity, and Liquid Phase Formation in a Melting Batch Blanket Dr. Reinhard Conradt 3. Mechanical Properties and Fracture of Glass Fibre-Reinforced Polymers Dr. Sirijutaratana Covavisaruch 4. Methanol Conversion to Light Olefins on Silicoalumino-phosphate Catalysts Dr. Suphot Phatanasri -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 210

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 5th Seminar: January 23, 1997: Chemical Engineering Keynote Lecture Thai Petrochemical Industry: Opportunities and Chemical Engineering Challenge Dr. Pramote Chaiyavech, Advisor, National Petrochemical Public Co., Ltd. Research Presentation 1. New Simplified Model to Predict Aerosol Collection Efficiency on a Dust Loaded Fiber Prof. Dr. Wiwut Tasnthapanichakoon 2. Removal of Aresenic and Mercury Compounds from Natural Gas Condensate Dr. Jirdsak Tscheikuna 3. Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Alkanes to Olefins Dr. Tharathon Mongkonsi 4. Metal Ion Separation by Liquid Membrane Technique Dr. Deacha Chatsiriwech -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6th Seminar: February 5, 1998: Medical Science Towards the Year 2000 Keynote Lecture Problem and Prevention of Viral Hepatitis in Thailand Prof. Yong Poovorawan, M.D., Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Research Presentation 1. Pruritic Popular Eruption of the Acquired Immunedeficiency Syndrome: An Immunopathologic Study Assoc. Prof. Wiwat Korkij, M.D. 2. Role of Serotonin in Pathogenesis of Analgesic Induced Headache Assoc. Prof. Anan Sridiatkhachorn, M.D. 3. Sequence Analysis of the Thrombospondin-related Anonymous Protein (TRAP) Gene of Phasmodium Falciparum from Thai Field Isolates Assoc. Prof. Dr. Somchai Jongwutiwes, M.D. 4. Serological Diagnosis of Lymphatic Filariasis Using Specific Recombinant Antigens Dr. Surang Triteeraprapab, M.D. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7th Seminar: January 21, 1999: Agro–Industry Development in Thailand Keynote Lecture Agro–Industry in Thailand Mrs. Phatanee Leksrisompong, Assistant Vice President, Star Feedmill Co., Ltd. Research Presentation 1. Biodegradable Agrochemical from Thai Tropical Weeds Assoc. Prof. Dr. Udom Kokpol 2. Citric Acid Production from Tapioca by Selected Mutants of Aspergillus Niger in Shake Culture Dr. Sujima Rugsaseel 211

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 3. Searching for New Commercially Important Essential Oils from Medicinal Plants in Thai Tropical Forests Assoc. Prof. Dr. Wanchai De-Eknamkul -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8th Seminar: February 3, 2000: Chemical Processing Technology Keynote Lecture 1. Human Resources Development in the Chemical Processing Industry Dr. Vallobh Vimolvanich, Advisor, CP Group Co., Ltd. 2. Challenges Opportunities for Natural Gas Processing Industry in Thailand Khun Tara Tiradnkorn, Vice President, Operations Unocal Thailand, Ltd. Research Presentation 1. New Strategy for Immobilization of Catalysts into Zeolite Cavities Assoc. Prof. Dr. Aticha Chaisuwan 2. Phase Diagram of Liquid Crystal Polymer Blend Assoc. Prof. Dr. ML. Supakanok Thongyai 3. Transition Metal Complexes of Isoprenyl Ligands Assoc. Prof. Dr. Wimonrat Trakarnpruk 4. Development of Simulation and Control Programs for Distillation and Control Dr. Montree Wongsri -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9th Seminar: May 28, 2001: Applied Technology on Information and Control Keynote Lecture 1. Wireless Technology - Direction and Impact Dr. Vallobh Vimolvanich, Advisor, CP Group Co., Ltd. 2. National Measurement System and International Competitiveness Mr. Prayoon Shiowattana, Director, National Institute of Metrology (Thailand) Research Presentation 1. Teletext Researches in Thailand Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ekachai Leelarasmee 2. Pattara: A Prototype of Thai Programming Language Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pattarasinee Bhattarakosol 3. Fuzzy Supervisory Control System of a Biary Distillation Column Assoc. Prof. Dr. Suvalai Pratishthananda. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10th Seminar: May 31, 2002: Material Science and Medicinal Plants : Technologies for the Future Keynote Lecture 1. Membrane Technologies at Chemical Companies in Japan Dr. Masaru Yos Hitake, Research Center, Asahi Glass Co., Ltd. 212

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 2. Bioactive Natural Products from Thai Marine Organisms Dr. Khanit Suwanborirux, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science. Research Presentation 1. Doppler-broadened Position Annihilation (DBPA) Spectroscopy for Identifying in Austenitie Stainless Steels Dr. Visit Thaweprungsriporn 2. Improvement of Electrolytic Lead Recovery Process Using Anionic Membrane Dr. Wit Soontaranun 3. Bioactive Compounds from Thai Plants Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kittisak Likhitwitayawuid -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The 11th Special CU–af Seminar, May 30, 2003 Keynote Lecture Research Trend of Nanotechnology in Engineering Ceramics Prof. Dr. Shigetaka Wada Research Presentation Session 1: Environment 1. Utilization of Silica-Alumina Waste by Using as a Binder in Mercury Sulfide Sludge Solidification Process Assoc. Prof. Dr. Petchporn Chawakitchareon 2. Combine Membrane-Trickling Filter Wastewater Treatment Asst. Prof. Dr. Khantong Soontarapa 3. Efficiency of Colocasia Esculenta (L.) Schott (Bon Khiew and Bon Cheen Dumm) in Constructed Wetlands for Chromium Removal of Tannery Post-treatment Wastewater Assoc. Prof. Dr. Thares Srisatit Session 2: Engineering 1. Preparation of Silicalite Membrane for Separation of Hydrocarbons Asst. Prof. Dr. Orawan Chailapakul 2. Optical Network Design on a Multiple Ring Approach Asst. Prof. Dr. Lunchakorn Wuttisittikulkij 3. Experimental Study on Swirling Jet A Crossflow Assoc. Prof. Dr. Asi Bunyajitradulya Session 3: Health Science 1. Effects of Russell’s Viper Venom on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Assoc. Prof. Sopit Thamaree 2. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Normal and Jaundiced Newborn : A Molecular Genetics Study Asst. Prof. Dr. Suwimol Sanpawat 3. Treatment of Cutaneous Gnathostomiasis with Ivermectin Asst. Prof. Dr. Kanyarat Kraivichain 4.RoleofNitricOxideandSerotonininModulationofCorticalSpreadingEvokedCraniovascular Assoc. Prof. Dr. Anan Srikiatkhachorn 213

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 The 12th Special CU–af Seminar, May 30, 2004 Keynote Lecture Computational Chemistry and its Applications in Drug Screening and Drug Design Assoc. Prof. Dr. Supot Hannongbua Research Presentation 1. Roles of Enteroviruses in Thai Patients with Myocarditis and Dilated Cardiomyopathy : Characterization by Molecular Virology and Molecular Pathology Asst. Prof. Dr. Wanla Kulwichit, M.D. 2. Mapping of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Epitopes within Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma-associated Epstein-Barr Virus Antigens in Thai Population Asst. Prof. Dr. Nattiya Pimtanothai, M.D. 3. Feasibility of Cord Blood as a Source of Hematopoietic Progenitors Cells for Transplantation Dr. Teera Wacharaprechanont, M.D. 4. Effects of Dentine Matrix on Human Periodontal Ligament Cells Differentiation in Vitro Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tussanee Yongchaitrakul, D.D.S 5. DNAMicrosatellite Phenotype and Mismatch Repair Gene Proteins in Thai Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinomas Upama Liengswangwong 6. Development of Anaerobic-oxic Sequencing Batch-biofilm Reactor for Decolorization of Reactive Dyehouse Wastewater Asst. Prof. Dr. Chavalit Ratanatamskul 7. Various Cinnamates as UV-filter : Synthesis, UV-absorption Characterization and Photo-stability Study Assoc. Prof. Dr. Supason Wanichweacharungruang -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The 13th Special CU–af Seminar, July 26, 2005 Keynote Lecture Contribution of Health Sciences Research to Health Development Chitr Sitthi-amorn, M.D., M.Sc., Ph.D., Director of Institute of Health, Research and Dean of The College of Public Health Research Presentation 1. Measurement of Urinary Growth Factor Messenger RNAs:ANon-invasive Monitoring in Lupus Nephritis Asst. Prof. Yingyos Avihingsanon, M.D. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine 2. The Roles of Initial Plasma Venom Levels and Coagulation Laboratories in Predicting Clinical Courses of Green Pit Viper Bites Asst. Prof. Ponlapat Rojnuckarin, M.D. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine 3. Cow’s Milk Specific IgG and IgG Subclasses Measurement: Role for Diagnosis of Cow’s Milk Allergy Dr. Pantipa Chatchatee, M.D. Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine 214

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 4. Screening and Characterization of Proapoptotic Low-molecular Weight Compounds as Potential Anti-tumor Agents from Microbial Secondary Metabolites and Medicinal Plant Extracts Asst. Prof. Dr. Tanapat Palaga Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science 5. Catalytic Pyrolysis of Polyethylene and Polypropylene Waste Films into Valuable Upstream Petrochemical Products Asst. Prof. Dr. Sirirat Jitkarnka Petroleum and Petrochemical College 6. A Well-defined Proton Transfer Route in Polymer Matrix: An Enhancing Proton Migration System for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Used in Fuel Cell Assoc. Prof. Dr. Suwabun Chirachanchai Petroleum and Petrochemical College -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The 14th Special CU–af Seminar, July 24, 2006 Keynote Lecture 1. Molecular Biology Prof. Apiwat Mutirangura, M.D., Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine 2. Materials Refinement Prof. Dr. Supot Hannongbua, Director of Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute Research Presentation Session 1: Medical Science 1. Comparison of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Replication and HveA Expression in T-lymphocytes from Healthy Individuals and HIV Infected Patients Assoc. Prof. Dr. Parvapan Bhattharakosal 2. Effects of Curcumin on Biomarkers of Tumor Angiogenesis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells (Hep G2) Implanted Nude Mice Model Assoc. Prof. Suthiluk Patumraj 3. Association of Antiribosomal P Antibodies with Clinical Manifestations in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients Asst. Prof. Orrawadee Hanvivatvong 4. Roles of Enteroviral Species and/or Strains in the Infection of Normal Hearts, Myocarditis, and Dilated Cardiomyopathy Asst. Prof. Wanla Kulwichit, M.D. 5. The Osteoinductive Effect of Acemannan Isolated from Aloe Vera Gel in the Tooth Socket Healing Asst. Prof. Dr. Pasutha Thunyakitpisal, D.D.S. Session 2: Science and Technology 1. UV Filtering Property of 2,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamates Derivatives Assoc. Prof. Dr. Supason Wanichweachrungruang 2. Fabrication of Gas and Humidity Multi-function Sensors Using SnO2 Thin Films Asst. Prof. Dr. Arporn Teeramongkonrasmee 215

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 3. Surfactant Adsorption and Adsolubilization of Organic Compounds in Single and Mixed Surfactant Systems of Cationic-nonionic Surfactants Adsorbed on Precipitated Silica Asst. Prof. Dr. Pomthong Malakul 4. Emerging Direction in Computer Applications to the Production of A33 Single Chain Variable Fragment Antibodies for Cancer Immunotherapeutic : On-line Monitoring and Feed-back Control for the Production of Cancer Immunotherapeutic Proteins in Fed-batch Fermentation Dr. Suchada Chanprateep -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The 15th Special CU–af Seminar, July 24, 2007 Keynote Lecture Sustainable Nanofoundation For Green Technology Prof. Dr. Somsak Panyakeaw Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Research Presentation Session 1: Medical Science and Science Technology 1. Oxidative Stress, Renal Impairment, and Stone Risk in Inhabitants Environmentally Exposed to Cadmium in Mae Sot, Tak Province Prof. Dr. Piyaratana Tosukhowong Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine 2. Cadmium and Zinc Removal from Soil by Cut Flower Plants Assoc. Prof. Dr. Thares Srisatit Department of Environment Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 3. Preliminary Study of Biohdydrogen Gas and Electricity Production from Food Processing and Domestic Wastewater Using Fermentation and Microbial Cell Technologies Dr. Aksara Putthividhya Department of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 4. Desulfurization of Transportation Fuels through Selective Adsorption on Metal Oxides Dr. Chawalit Ngamcharussrivichai Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science 5. Structure and Phase Transitions of Photovoltaic Materials and Related Ternary Compound Semiconductors under High Pressure Dr. Thiti Bovornratanaraks Department of Physics, Faculty of Scienc -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 216

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 Session 2: Environmental Management and Waste 1. Laboratory Safety and Chemical Management as a Model for Research-based Universities in Thailand Assoc. Prof. Dr. Supawan Tantayanon Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science 2. Strategic Management of Chemical Tracking at Chulalongkorn University as a Model for Educational Institutions in Thailand Assoc. Prof. Dr. Lursuang Mekasut Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science 3. Hazardous Waste Management and Chemical Disposal System as a Model for Research-based Universities in Thailand Assoc. Prof. Dr. Khantong Soontarapa Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science 4. Porous Clay Heterostructures for Wastewater Treatment: A Development from Bentonite Clay in Thailand Dr. Hathaikarn Manuspiya The Petroleum and Petrochemical College -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The 16th Special CU–af Seminar, July 1, 2008 Keynote Lecture Health Science: Strategies for High Impact & Sustainable Research Prof. Kiat Ruxrungtham, M.D. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Research Presentation Session 1: Medical Science 1. Evaluation of the Basal Serum Cortisol in Comparison to the Insulin Tolerance Test in Patients after Pituitary Surgery for Diagnosis of Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency Prof. Suttipong Wacharasindhu, M.D., MRCP (UK), MRCPCH Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine 2. A Prospective Study on Urinary Cytokine mRNAs in Lupus Nephritis Patients Assoc. Prof. Yingyos Avihingsanon, M.D. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine 3. The Reparative Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Renal Disease: Murine Model Asst. Prof. Kearkiat Praditpornsilpa, M.D. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Session 2: Medical Science and Science 1. Bioactive Compounds from Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr. Prof. Udom Kokpol, Ph.D. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science 2. Structure Modification of Oxyresveratrol for Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity Assoc. Prof. Kittisak Likhitwitayawuid, Ph.D. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences 217

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 3. Enzymatic Synthesis of Catechin Glycosides via Selective Transglycosylation of Cyclodextrin Glycosyltransferase Assoc. Prof. Piamsook Pongsawasdi, Ph.D. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science 4. Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori Strains Isolated in Thailand and the Mechanisum of Metronidazole Resistance Asst. Prof. Tanittha Chatsuwan, Ph.D. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine 5. Structure Determination of Drug Molecules in Drug Molecular Complexes from Conventional X-ray Powder Diffraction Data Assoc. Prof. Nongnuj Muangsin, Ph.D. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Session 3: Science and Material Science 1. Melt Rheological, Extrudate Swell and Melt Fracture Behavior of Nanoparticle- reinforced Polymer Composites Assoc. Prof. Pitt Supaphol, Ph.D. Petroleum and Petrochemical College 2. Structure and Properties of Materials under High Pressure Asst. Prof. Thiti Bovornratanaraks, Ph.D. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science 3. Characterization and Expression of Alpha-Glucosidase and Related Developmentally Regulatory Genes in Apis spp. Asst. Prof. Chanpen Chanchao, Ph.D. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science 4. Laboratory Safety and Chemical Management as a Model for Research-based Universities in Thailand Assoc. Prof. Nantaya Yanumet, Ph.D. Petroleum and Petrochemical College -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The 17th Special CU–af Seminar, July 1, 2009 Keynote Lecture Sustainable Development in Economic Crisis Period by Science & Technology Research Prof. Yong Poovorawan, M.D. Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Research Presentation Session 1: Science and Health Science 1. Improving Blood Compatibility of Natural Rubber by UV-induced Graft Copolymerization of Hydrophilic Monomers Asst. Prof. Dr. Voravee P. Hoven Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science 2. Fuel Production from Recycling Plastic Waste by Catalytic Cracking Using Al-SBA-15 and B-SBA-15 Catalysts Dr. Duangamol Nuntasri Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science 218

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 3. Biodegradation and Bioremediation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon in Soil under Acidic Condition Asst. Prof. Dr. Onruthai Pinyakong Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science 4. Effect of the -374 T/A RAGE Gene Polymorphism on Transcriptional Regulation in Psoriasis Asst. Prof. Dr. Tewin Tencomnao Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences 5. ImmunomodulatoryActivity of Piperine on Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Dr. Siriporn Chuchawankul Department of Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Session 2: Engineering and Petrochemical 1. Growth and Characterization of InAs Quantum Dots on Cross-Hatch Virtual Substrates Assoc. Prof. Dr. Songphol Kanjanachuchai Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 2. Geostatistical Approach in Modeling Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid Dissolution Profiles with Various Entrapment Architecture in Subsurface Environment Asst. Prof. Veerasak Likhitruangsilp Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 3. Effect of Adduct on the Synergistic Extraction of Rare Earth Metal by a Hollow Fiber Supported Liquid Membrane Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ura Pancharoen Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 4. An Investigation on the Used Rice Husk Ash in Thermoplastic Composite for Wood Plastic Application Dr. Sirijutaratana Covavisaruch Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The 18th Special CU–af Seminar, August 3, 2010 Keynote Lecture Chitin-chitosan for Life and Environment: From Concepts, Strategies, to Potential Applications Assoc. Prof. Dr. Suwabun Chirachanchai Petroleum and Petrochemical College Research Presentation Session 1: Science 1. Preparation of Chitosan/zeolite Membrane Electrode Assembly for Fuel Cell Assoc. Prof. Dr. Khantong Soontarapa Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science 2. Bioactive Metabolites of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Thai Medicinal Plants Asst. Prof. Dr. Khanitha Pudhom Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science 219

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 3. Mechanical Sensing Properties of Barium Titanate and Barium-Strontium Titanate Thin Films Prepared by a Sol-gel Method Dr. Satreerat Kampangkeaw Hodak Department of Physics, Faculty of Science 4. Sol-gel Synthesis of Metal Oxide Nanocrystal with the Aid of Structure-Directing Surfactant Dr. Thammanoon Sreethawong Petroleum and Petrochemical College Session 2: Health Science and Medical Science 1. The Effect of Estrogen on the GABAA Receptor Plasticity in Ovariectomized Rats Asst. Prof. Dr. Sarinee Kalandakanond-Thongdong Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science 2. Renal Inflammatory Response and Fibrogenesis in Patients with Nephrolithiasis Asst. Prof. Dr. Chanchai Boonla Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine 3. Effect of Curcumin on Biofilm Formation of Helicobacter pylori Asst. Prof. Dr. Nuntaree Chaichanawongsaroj Department of Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Allied Health Science 4. Biodegradation of 17-alpha-methyltesterone and Isolation of 17-alpha- methyltestosterone Dr. Tawan Limpiyakorn National Center of Excellence for Environmental and Hazardous Waste Management 5. Production of Monoclonal Antibodies against Yersinia enterocolitica Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sirirat Rengpipat Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science Session 3: Engineering 1. Processing of Open-cell Matrix Composite Foams Dr. Seksak Asavavisithchai Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 2. Efficiency of Cross-flow Microfiltration for Water Quality Control inAquaculture System Asst. Prof. Wiboonluk Pungrasmi Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 3. Hydroxylation of Toluene to Cresols Using H2O2 over Modified Titanium Silicalite-1 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tharathon Mongkhonsi Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 4. Fate and Transport of Potentially Toxic Single and Binary Metals in Natural Mine Soil under Competitive Sorption Conditions Dr. Aksara Putthividhyal Department of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 5. Port City Environmental Planing: Case of Ranong Port, THAILAND Asst. Prof. Dr. Rahuth Rodjanapradied Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Architecture -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 220

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 The 19th Special CU–af Seminar, August 2, 2011 Keynote Lecture Engineering for Disasters Mitigation Prof. Dr. Panitan Lukkunaprasit Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Research Presentation Session 1: Science 1. Crystalliazation of Antimicrobial Peptides, Crustin and Curtin-like, from the Black Tiger Shrimp Penaeus Monodon Dr. Kuakarun Krusong Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science 2. Method Development for Determination of Steroids Adulterated in Herbal Medicines by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Assoc. Prof. Dr. Thumnoon Nhujak Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science 3. RNA-induced Gene Silencing under Control of OsCam1-1 Promoter Assoc. Prof. Dr. Teerapong Buaboocha Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science 4. High Pressure Structural Phase Transitions in Metal Oxides Nanoparticles Asst. Prof. Dr. Thiti Bovornratanaraks Department of Physics, Faculty of Science Session 2: Medicine and Biological Sciences 1. Cloning and in Vivo Gene Expression Detection of Leptospira Collagenase Gene Assoc. Prof. Dr. Chintana Chirathaworn Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine 2. Mutation Analysis of the IRF6 Gene in Thai Families with Van der Woude Syndrome Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kanya Suphapeetiporn, M.D. Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine 3. Electrochemical Detection of Human RAGE Gene Expression Assoc. Prof. Dr. Rachana Santiyanon Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Science 4. Road Traffic Accident Surveillance System among Japanese Travelers in Thailand Asst. Prof. Dr. Prathurng Hongsranagon College of Public Health Sciences 5. Resazurin Microtitre Plate Method for Screening of Anti-microbial Resistance from Thai Medicinal Plants Asst. Prof. Dr. Chulee Yompakdee Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science Session 3: Engineering and Petrochemical 1. Hydrogen Production by Anaerobic Digestion Process of High Strength Wastewater Assoc. Prof. Dr. Thares Srisatit Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 2. Oxidation of Cyclohexane Catalyzed by Polyoxometalates Supported on MCM-41 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Wimonrat Trakarnpruk Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science 221

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 3. Guided Assembly of Lateral InAs Quantum Dots via Defect Engineering Assoc. Prof. Dr. Songphol Kanjanachuchai Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 4. Novel Polybenzoxazine Based Aerogel for Heavy Metal Ions Removal from Wastewater Asst. Prof. Dr. Thanyalak Chaisuwan Petroleum and Petrochemical College -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The 20th Special CU–af Seminar, July 1, 2012 Keynote Lecture Significance of Disaster Risk Reduction in Thailand 2011 floods context Prof. Dr. Thanawat Jarupongsakul Research Unit of Disaster and Land Information Studies, Faculty of Science Research Presentation Session 1: Material Science 1. Conducting Polymer Electropolymerization Conditions for Fabrication of Microelectrode Array within Phenol Biosensor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Seeroong Prichanon Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 2. Thermomechanical Properties of Polybenzoxazine Modified with Dianydrides Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sarawut Rimdusit Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 3. Development and Application of Spiral Wound Chitosan Membrane Module System for Recycling of Anaerobic Digestion Effluent Assoc. Prof. Dr. Khangtong Soontarapa Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science 4. Corrosion Resistance and Surface Characteristics of Surface Treated Titanium by Microarc Oxidation (Anodization) Used for Biomedical Applications. Dr. Viritpon Srimaneepong Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry 5. In-process Monitoring and Detection of Chatter in Ball-end Milling on CNC Machining Center Assoc. Prof. Dr. Somkiat Tangjitcharoen Department of Industrial Engingineering, Faculty of Engineering Session 2: Natural Science 1. Chemical Components and Bioactivities of Bee Products from Apis Mellifera and Trigona Laeviceps Assoc. Prof. Dr. Chanpen Chanchao Department of Biology, Faculty of Science 2. Separation of Mercury Ions from the Trace Concentration of Leadions in Wastewater by Using a Hollow Fiber Supported Liquid Membrane Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ura Pancharoen Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 222

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 3. Assessment of the Potential Hazards of Agricultural Contamination in Surface and Groundwater and the Proposed Remediation Strategies Dr. Aksara Putthividhya Department of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 4. Characterization of Phthalate Ester-degrading Bacteria for Further Bioremediation Application as Bacterial Seeding Assoc. Prof. Dr.Alisa Vangnai Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The 21th Special CU–af Seminar, July 2, 2013 Keynote Lecture The Establishment of Thailand’s First Human Embryonic Stem Cell Line Assoc. Prof. Dr.Kamthorn Pruksananonda, M.D. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Research Presentation Session 1: 1. Notch Signaling Regulates Odonto/Osteogenic Differentiation in Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth Asst. Prof. Dr. Thanaphum Osathanon, D.D.S. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry 2. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms at the Fy Cis-Regulatory Region of the Duffy Antigen Gene and Susceptibility to Malaria Infections in Macaca Fascicularis and Macaca Nemestrina Assoc. Prof. Dr. Chaturong Putaporntip Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine 3. Functional Analysis of One-Carbon Metabolism in the Halophilic Aphanothece Halophytica Dr. Rungaroon Waditee-Sirisattha Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science 4. Neuroprotective and Stimulatory Properties of Rhinacanthus Nasutus Extract Asst. Prof. Dr. Tewin Tencomnao Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Heath Science Session 2: 1. Efficient Synthesis of Diaryl Ethynes via Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling of Calcium Carbide with Aryl Halides Asst. Prof. Dr. Sumrit Wacharasindhu Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Scienc 2. Electrospun Titanium Dioxide Fibers as Stationary Phase in Thin-layer Chromatography Dr. Puttaruksa Varanusupakul Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science 3. Occurrence of 17 Alpha-methyltestosterone in Masculinization Process of Nile Tilapia Fry Asst. Prof. Dr. Tawan Limpiyakorn Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 223

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 4. Toughening Poly(lactic acid) Biopolymer by Using Ultrafine Rubber Particles Dr. Sirijutaratana Covavisaruch Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Session 3: 1. Polyethyleneimine-coated Carbon Nanotubes Modified with Methyl Thioglycolate for Extraction of Gold Ions from Solution Asst. Prof. Dr. Fuangfa Unob Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science. 2. Long-term Effects of Fertilizer Applications on Heavy Metals Contaminations in Groundwater and Health Risk Assessment in the Agricultural Area, Ubon Ratchthani Province Asst. Prof. Dr. Srilert Chotpantarat Department of Geology, Faculty of Science 3. Removal of Disinfection By-products by Adsorption on Surface Functionalized Mesoporous Silicas Asst. Prof. Dr.Patiparn Punyapalakul Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 4. Decolorization of Azo Dyes in Anaerobic Baffled Reactors under Sulfate-reducing Conditions Dr. Banjaporn Suwannasilp Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The 22nd Special CU–af Seminar, June 24, 2014 Keynote Lecture Development of New Biodiesel in Thailand Prof. Dr. Tharapong Vitidsant Director, Energy Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University Research Presentation Session 1: Health Science and Medical Science 1. Generation of Human Tonsillar Follicular Helper T Cells for Molecular Analysis Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tanapat Palaga Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science 2. Analysis of miRNA Expression during Dengue Serotype 2 Infection in Vitro Models of Primary and Secondary Infection Asst. Prof. Dr. Wanchai Assavalapsakul. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science 3. Development of Rapid Charithromycin Resistant Helicobacter Pylori Strains Detection by Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification Combined with Restriction Endonuclease Digestion Asst. Prof. Dr. Nuntaree Chaichanawongsaroj Department of Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences 4. Genetic Basic of Extremely High Levels of Triglyceride Assoc. Prof. Dr. Weerapan Khovidhunkit, M.D. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine 224

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 5. Enhanced Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) Production in Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-activated T Lymphocytes Caused by Up-Regulated E2FTranscription Factor 1 (E2F1) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Parvapan Bhattharakosal Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Session 2: Science 1. Identification of miRNAs Involved in WSSV Infection from the Black Tiger Shrimp, Penaeus Monodon Asst. Prof. Dr. Kunlaya Somboonwiwat Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science 2. Quinazoline Derivatives with Anti-cholinesterase Activity Asst. Prof. Dr. Pattara Sawasdee Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science 3. Analyze of DAF Process for Treatment of Stabilized Oily-Emulsion: Local Experimental and Modeling Approaches Asst. Prof. Dr. Pisut Painmanakul Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 4.Two-stageMicrowave/ChemicalPretreatmentProcessofNapierGrassforEthanolProduction Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sujitra Wongkasemjit. The Petroleum and Petrochemical College 5. Laboratory Safety and Systematic Handling of Chemical Reagents and Waste in the Petroleum and Petrochemical College Asst. Prof. Dr. Kitipat Siemanond The Petroleum and Petrochemical College Session 3: Engineering and Material Science 1. Enhancing the Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Simple Metals Using Extreme Conditions Asst. Prof. Dr. Thiti Bovornratanaraks Department of Physics, Faculty of Science 2. Production of Open-cell Ni-Al Foams with Hierarchical Porosity Asst. Prof. Dr. Seksak Asavavisithchai Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 3. Ground Response Analysis of Bangkok Subsoil due to Remote Earthquakes Asst. Prof. Dr. Suched Likitlersuang Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 4. Environmentally Friendly RF Plasma Treatment Process of Thai Silk Fibers with Chitosan for Antibacterial Ability Asst. Prof. Dr. Doonyapong Wongsawaeng Department of Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The 23rd Special CU–af Seminar, June 21, 2015 Keynote Lecture : Multifunctional Reactors and Process Intensification for Hydrogen Prof. Dr. Suttichai Assabumrungrat Associate Dean for Research, Faculty of Engineering 225

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 Research Presentation Session 1: Physical Science 1. Effect of dUMP Halogen Substitutions to Non-covalent Ternary Complex Stability and Michael Addition Reactivity in Thymidylate Synthase/ dUMP/ mTHF Complex:MolecularDynamicsandAbinitioQuantumMechanics/MolecularMechanics Technique Dr. Thanyada Rungrotmongkol Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science 2. Diffusion of Group-III Elements in CuInSe2 / CuGase 2 Bilayer Thin Asst. Prof. Dr. Sojiphong Chatraphorn Department of Physics, Faculty of Science 3. Improvement of Titanium-based Bulk Metallic Glass Surface by Mechanical Process for Dental Implant Applications Asst. Prof. Dr. Boonrat Lohwongwatana Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 4. Impacts of Colloidal Kaolinite on Facilitated Transport of Cadmium (Cd) in Saturated Sand Aquifer Asst. Prof. Dr. Srilert Chotpantarat Department of Geology, Faculty of Science 5. A PC-to-PC Data Transfer System Using Optical Wireless Communication Dr. Yan ZHAO Department of ISE, Faculty of Engineering Session 2: Biological Science 1. Roles of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium (DNRA) Process in Aquaculture Wastewater Treatment System Asst. Prof. Dr. Wiboonluk Pungrasmi Department of Environmental, Faculty of Engineering 2. Curcumin Improved Oxidative DNA Damage and Decreased Incidence of Gastric Cancer Induced by Helicobacter Pylori Infection and N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea in Rats Prof. Duangporn Werawatganon, M.D. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine 3. Development of a Novel Yeast-based Assay for Inhibitors of Human Carbonic Anhydrase Isozyme II Asst. Prof. Dr. Chulee Yompakdee Department of Microbiology, Faculty or Science 4. Development of a Plant-bacteria Approach to Reduce Atmospheric Polycyclie Aromatic Hydrocarbons Asst. Prof. Dr. Ekawan Luepromchai Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science 5. The Protective Effects of Ferulic Acid on High Glucose-Induced Protein Glycation, Lipid Peroxidation, and Alteration in Membrane Ion Pump Activity in Human Erythrocytes Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sirichai Adisakwattana Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 226

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 The 24th Special CU–af Seminar, June 21, 2016 Keynote Lecture Commercialisation of Researches … A New Challenge for Thai Academics: Several Case Studies from Faculty of Science Prof. Dr. Sanong Ekgasit Sensor Research Unit at Department of Chemistry Research Presentation: Session 1: Engineering and Material Sciences 1. Identification and Quantification of Bioplastic in 135 Species of Cyanobacteria from Thailand Asst. Prof. Dr. Tanakarn Monshupanee Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science 2.AdsorptionMechanismsandInteractionsbetweenPharmaceuticalResiduesandNatural Organic Matters on Surface Modified Superparamagnetic Adsorbents Asst. Prof. Dr. Patiparn Punyapalakul Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 3. Potential Geothermal Heat Pump (GHP) Application in Thailand and Japan Asst. Prof. Dr. Aksara Putthividhya Department of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 4. Powder Injection Moulding of Porous Ni-YSZ Anode for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Asst. Prof. Dr. Nutthita Chuankrerkkul Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute 5. Graphene-polymer Nanocomposite Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Medical Diagnosis Dr. Nadnudda Rodthongkum Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute Session 2: Sciences and Medical Sciences 1. Influence of Mechanical-stress Inducing Human Dental Pulp Cells on Osteoclast/ Odontoclast Formation and Function Patcharee Ritprajak, D.D.S Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dentistry 2. Negative Symptoms and Neurocognitive Defects in Schizophrenia: Associations with Staging of Illness, Biomarkers, Quality of Life and Social Functioning Assoc. Prof. Buranee Kanchanatawan, M.D. Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine 3. Synthetic Biology with Cyanobacteria: Flavonoid Production in Synechocystis Sp. PCC 6803 Asst. Prof. Dr. Supaart Sirikantaramas Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science 4. Bacterial Profiles Representing Facial Skins of Female Teenagers, Adults and Elderly Asst. Prof. Dr. Narapron Somboonna Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science 5.EarlyDetectionofOchratoxigenicFungionGreenCoffeeBeansbyNearInfraredSpectroscopy Asst. Dr. Cheewanun Dachoupakan Sirisomboon Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 227

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 The 25th Special CU–af Seminar, June 20, 2017 Keynote Lecture Methane Hydrates: An Approach for Natural Gas Storage Prof. Dr. Pramoch Rangsunvigit Petroleum and Petrochemical College Research Presentation Session 1: Technology Science 1. Developing the Granular Bacteria from Novosphingobium Pentaromativorans PCY for Pyrene-Contaminated Soil Bioremediation Assoc. Prof. Dr. Onruthai Pinyakong Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science 2. In Situ Activity Investigation of Ammonia-oxidizing Archaea and Bacteria in Water Recirculation Systems of Aquaculture Ponds using DNA-Stable Isotope Probing Technique Asst. Prof. Dr. Tawan Limpiyakorn Department of Enviromental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering. 3. Graded Band Gap CuIn1-x, GaxSe2 Thin Film Solar Cells Fabricated from Bilayer Thin Films of CuInSe2 and CuGaSe2 Asst. Prof. Dr. Sojiphong Chatraphorn Department of Physics, Faculty of Science 4. Cloning and Expression of Laccase from Agrocybe Sp. CU43 in Pichia Pastoris for Fluorene Degradation Asst. Prof. Dr. Panan Rerngsamran Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science 5. Design and Simulation of Methanol Synthesis from Flue Gas: A Techno-economic Study of a Power Plant in Thailand Dr. Uthaiporn Suriyapraphadilok Petroleum and Petrochemical College Session 2: Health Sciences 1. Effects of Chronic Renal Failure on Intestinal Drug Transporters and CYP3A in a Mouse Model Asst. Prof. Dr. Supeecha Wittayalertpanya Department of Pharmacoology, Faculty of medicine 2. Molecular Study of Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia (LGL) Patients in Thai Population Chantana Polprasert, M.D. Department of Medicine , Faculty of Medicine 3. Quantitative Protein Abundance of Anti-dsDNA Mediated Signaling in Annexin II-knockdown Dr. Poorichaya Somparn Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine 4. Characterization of the Long Non-coding RNA Transcripts from Chromosome 6q23 HBS1L-MYB Intergenic Region Associated with Fetal Hemoglobin Level. Dr. Kamonlak Leecharoenkiat Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 228

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 The 26th Special CU–af Seminar, June 14, 2018 Keynote Lecture : Technology to Aid Applications of some Natural Product Extracts Prof. Dr. Supason Wanichwecharungruang Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Director, The Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program The Thailand Research Fund (TRF) Research Presentation Session 1: Science and Technology 1.DesignMethodologyandAnalysisofIntegratedFuelCellSystemsforCleanPowerProduction Asst. Prof. Dr. Amornchai Arpornwichanop Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 2. Self-assembled Island Formation in Heteroepitaxial Thin Films on Patterned Substrates : A Study by Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulations Asst. Prof. Dr. Patcha Chatraphorn Department of Physics, Faculty of Science 3. Surface Profiling Underneath Thin Transparent Layer Using Speckle Interferometry of Superluminescent Diode Based on Fourier Transform Method Asst. Prof. Dr. Montian Tianprateep Department of Physics, Faculty of Science 4. Development of Nanocomposite Material for Toxic Heavy Metal Sensor Dr. Nadnudda Rodthongkum Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute Session 2: Health Science 1. Sequence Diversity and Evolution of the Apical Membrane Antigen 1 Gene (AMA1) of Plasmodium Vivax-related Primate Malaria (P. knowlesi, P. cynomolgi and P. inui) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Chaturong Putaporntip Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine 2. Enhanced Propagation Yield of Influenza Virus for Vaccine Production through Cellular MicroRNAs Regulation Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sunchai Payungporn Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine 3. Production of Novel Cell Penetrating Peptides for Targeted Therapy of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Asst. Prof. Dr. Viroj Boonyaratanakornkit Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences 4. Investigation of Bisphenol-A Effects Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder using Transcriptomic Profiling and Interactomic Analysis of Multipotent Neural Stem Cells Dr. Tewarit Sarachana Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Session 3: Medical Science 1. Adaptation of Streptococcus Mutans Gene Expressions to Human Breast Milk Asst. Prof. Dr. Panida Thanyasrisung, D.D.S. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry 229

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 2. The Role of Toll-like Receptor 3 Ligand, Poly(I;C), on the Stem Cell Properties and Immunomodulation of Human Periodontal Ligament Cells (PDLSCs) Dr. Nuttha Klincumhom, D.V.M. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry 3. Insight into Larga-ring Cyclodextrin Production Mechanism of Amylomaltase from Corynebacterium Glutamicum Asst. Prof. Dr. Kuakarun Krusong Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science 4. Roles of Simvastatin on Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation Potential of Canine Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Dr. Chenphop Swangmake, D.V.M. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science ---------------------------------------------------------------------- The 27th Special CU–af Seminar, July 2, 2019 Keynote Lecture: From Laboratory to Patients in Surgical Theater: Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing of Titanium for Patient-Specific Implants Asst. Prof. Dr. Boonrat Lohwongwatana Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Research Presentation Session 1: Supercapacitors and Nanotechnology 1. Reduced Graphene Oxide/Layered Double Hydroxide Composite as Supercapacitor Based on a Photoelectrochemical Cell Dr. Nuttapol Pootrakulchote Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science 2. 3D Structure-preserving Galvanic Replacement to Create Hollow Gold Microstructures Asst. Prof. Dr. Prompong Pienpinijtham Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science 3. Development of Composite Polyelectrolyte Complex LDH/Graphene Membranes for Supercapacitors Asst. Prof. Dr. Stephan Thierry Dubas The Petroleum and Petrochemical College 4. Wearable Woven Supercapacitor Fabrics with a High Energy Density Dr. Jiaqian Qin Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute Session 2: Research for Social and Environmental Application 1. Characterization of Microbial Communities in Anaerobic Bioreactors in Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plants in Thailand Assoc. Prof. Dr. Benjaporn Suwannasilp Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 2. Preparation of an Anode-supported SOFC with a Well Controlled Microstructure Dr. Nutthita Chuankrerkkul Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute 230

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 3. Coal Waste Utilization for Soil Amendment for Chulalongkorn University Saraburi Campus Area Asst. Prof. Dr. Kreangkrai Maneeintr Department of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 4. Development of Communication and Alert System through Eye Gaze Detection Asst. Prof. Dr. Pattarasinee Bhattarakosol Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science Session 3: Biochemical and Biological Technology 1. Synthesis of GalactofuranoseAffinity Resin for Isolation of Novel Microbe-specific Lectins Dr. Kittikhun Wangkanont Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science 2. Probing Mechanisms of and Improving 1-butanol Tolerance of Bacillus subtilis by Modulating Lipid Levels in the Membrane Lipid Biosynthetic Pathways Dr. Nawaporn Vinayavekhin Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science 3.Photoautotrophic Cultivation of Microalgal Chlorococcum Humicola for Production of Biomass and Carotenoids Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kasidit Nootong Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 4.The Identification of Potential Pollinators in The Genus Megachile Latreille, 1802, from Trap Nests Dr. Natapot Warrit Department of Biology, Faculty of Science ---------------------------------------------------------------------- The 28th Special CU–af Seminar, October 20, 2020 Keynote Lecture: Process Intensification and Multifunctional Reactors for Supporting Thailand’s Transformation to Bio - Circular - Green (BCG) Economy Prof. Suttichai Assabumrungrat, Ph.D. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Research Presentation Session 1: Biotechnology and Environmental Research 1.Poly(Lactic Acid)/Cellulose Green Composites for Automotive Applications Dr. Chuanchom Aumnate Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute 2.Optical fiber sensor based on surface plasmon resonance for sensitive and selective detection of Atrazine herbicides Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pakorn Varanusupakul Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science 3.Evaluation of in vitro biocompatibility and efficiency of novel bioactive calcium silicate glass-Thai silk fibroin hybrid scaffolds for bone tissue engineering Dr. Peerapat Thongnuek Biomedical Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering 231

The 29th Special CU-af Seminar 2021 August 25, 2021 4.Synthesis and Applications of Citronella Oil Nanoemulsion Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kawee Srikulkit Department of Material Science, Faculty of Science 5.Sequencing and Characterization of a hypovirulence dsRNAvirus from an oomycete Dr.Thanyanuch Kriangripipat Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science Session 2: Research on Energy & Industrial Development 1.Removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Waste Tire Pyrolysis Oil via Catalytic Hydrogenation Assoc. Prof. Dr. Napida Hinchiranan Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science 2.Development of natural rubber composite for carbon dioxide adsorbent material Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sirilux Poompradub Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science 3.Efficiency and photostability of visible-light driven metal-doped NaTaO3 photocatalysts for environmental purification and clean energy production Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pornapa Sujaridworakun Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science 4.Intelligent Monitoring and Estimation of Surface Roughness and Straightness in CNC Turning Prof. Dr. Somkiat Tangjitsitcharoen Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 5.Investigation of Defect States from Radiative Emissions in Culn1-xGaxSe2 / Cu(In1-xGax)3Se5 Bi-Layer Systems by Photoluminescence Technique Asst. Prof. Dr. Sojipong Chatraphorn Department of Physics, Faculty of Science 232