Classification of Insect orders

Classification of Insect Orders ( from Wheeler et. al., 2001) Order Name Common Adult Wings (no. name mouthparts and type) Protura Proturans Chewing Lacking Collembola Springtails Chewing Lacking Diplura Diplurans Chewing Lacking Microcoryphia Jumping Chewing Lacking bristletails Thysanura Bristletails, Chewing Lacking silverfish Ephemeroptera Mayflies Vestigial 2 pair, may be reduced, membranous Odonata Dragonflies, Chewing 2 pair, damselflies membranous Orthoptera Grasshoppers, Chewing 2 pair, or may crickets, be reduced; katydids 1st pair tegmina Phasmatodea Walkingsticks Chewing variable, 0-2 pair; tegmina Grylloblattodea Rock crawlers Chewing lacking Mantophasmatodea Chewing lacking Dermaptera Earwigs Chewing 0-2 pair; front wings elytra Plecoptera Stoneflies Chewing 2 pair, membranous Embiidina Web spinners Chewing 0-2 pair; membranous Zoraptera Zorapterans Chewing 0-2 pair Isoptera Termites Chewing 0-2 pair Mantodea Mantids Chewing 0-2 pair Blattodea Cockroaches Chewing 0-2 pair; Hemiptera* - now with 3 \"True Bugs\" Piercing, 0-2 pair; front suborders; sucking wings hemelytra • Heteroptera - bugs • Auchenorrhyncha - cicadas, leafhoppers • Sternorrhyncha - aphids, scales

Thysanoptera Thrips Rasping, 2 pair, fringed sucking with hairs Psocoptera 0-2 pair Book and bark Chewing Phthiraptera* - several lice Lacking suborders Lice Chewing, • Amblycera piercing • Ischnocera • Anoplura Coleoptera Beetles Chewing 2 pair; front Neuroptera wings elytra Lacewings, Chewing 2 pair, Hymenoptera owlflies, membranous Trichoptera mantispids, Chewing Lepidoptera antlions Chewing 0-2 pair, membranous Siphonaptera Bees, ants, 2 pair, hairy Mecoptera wasps or with scales Strepsiptera 0-2 pair; Caddisflies usually Diptera covered with Moths, Siphoning, scales butterflies vestigial Lacking Fleas Piercing- 0-2 pair sucking 0-2(1) pair Scorpionflies Chewing 0-1 pair Twisted- ??? winged parasites Flies Piercing, sucking, lapping Reference cited Wheeler, W. C., M. Whiting, Q. D. Wheeler, and J. M. Carpenter. 2001. The phylogeny of the extant hexapod orders. Cladistics 17:113-169.