Cambridge English: First Masterclass Workbook

Listening Part 4 a 1 {} 1.9 You will hear part of a radio interview with an environmentalist, Danie! James, ,tf about the Eden Project. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer (A, B or C). too= 1, what interests Daniel about visitors to the Eden project? r_ (o A They mainly come from other parts of the UK. B Around a third have never been to Cornwall before. CE C They are happy to pay to visit it. '.Ct o) +r 2 What does Daniel say about the conservatories? A They are round in shape. B They will need to be replaced in 25 years' time. C They are made of two different materials. 3 What does the Humid Tropics Biome mainly contain? A plants which bear edible fruit B plants from tropical forests C plants used in construction 4 ln what way is the third biome different? A lt contains plants from Asia and Australia. B lt isn't covered. C lt contains more varied plants. 5 What is the main aim of the Eden project? A to conserve endangered plant species B to study how plants and trees grow C to show the connection between plants and people 6 What kind of people does the Eden Project especially want to attract? A people who haven't sot much interest in environmental issues B people who are interested in the environment C people who belong to environmental groups 7 What does Daniel say about the majority of the people who visit the Eden project? A They arrive at 9 a.m. or after 2.30 p.m. B They don't have time to look at all the exhibits. C They spend three to four hours there. 52

I I E9 a^eLl ]rlBlu I ),lull1] | ¿ollue Áu Iool e ']r uoYorq .*, _ noÁ p¡no3 ! ]sotu aU] ]lof EuloB sem aq pue 's;eo,i entl ut Áept¡oq ]sl!J sltl se/v\\ tl 'loot,lcs }esselFo,tds.ualp¡tL,|cllaLl-}}Sala}UlUP-plnoL,|SS}ualedF -so).leu s!r.11 ']! ]rporc oq] lle '¡{rEue sreÁe¡d raq}o otl} ol,l 'llo/v\\ s,ie¡d ueo] aq] Jl t raqlo aql spuau,t flliclnb sioquatu eqs 'qnlc slll pa^ulroal aqs uaqM e 'ool'u!l e euruif a lB p,l ples l¿)jceq aql ur uosiad raqloue ulool no,( ueC p a 'l! pulru - -f |! ot eurzeFelu e peal ot palr I os ']sál Eu!^up,{r.! }noqe sno^ru3u ,(llear se¡^ c C 'safn[u! ]aq pooB e sl ]auef q - -or=- - -ro ^Jo^oc'aalrel aq plno/'^ o¡ ouo^ue tceluoc l,uplnoc Áallt os ButIJo/'^ ].^uasqe/l,t^(essltqoul ltaql e - -ür ,Jo-¡o---[- ruoll-lq -q cn # tr 'suot¡tsoda¡d - - ¿esaq¡ Jo euo pup u.rro¡ peJroc eqt q atlet to atleur qt!¡r seoueluos aseq¡ eteldujoC etlelque e\\eu q¡¡in suo¡¡eco¡og @ 'r,¡cPaq aql ]e,(ep e va^lleuJall? pooB e sr ]cálold uap¡ aql ol l!s!^ f 'stuetd pup atdoad dlqsuolleloJ aql1o Fulpuelsrapun jno uorlnqutuoc lueuodtul up e¡eu ol sadoq lca[oid uap] 31]I ! -orlqnd esn ol aldoad Jalord plno/'^ Áaql'srec 'pefold 3ql ol la; ol uodsueil ueq e l,ust araql qBnoqUV ¡l - 'asessrp -lo peords aql ernsua ol aullueJenb olul ]nd eie slueld pauodul llv B -'Llcleu lleqlool dol e aes o] ]a¡cltr e ,to acud aq] alqereduoc st tlc!q/'^'acud uolsslupe qBIq aqr pautplduoc á^eq atdoad lecol J - 'ouror.lcs sl]l polsa^u! oslP sstueduoc ^leuceo!'\\ll e popunl se/v\\ r]clqm 'lcalord aU] - ,(guoru - -^q ^l'uÁeLudouoca leool aql posoddo oJa aldoed ^sjauDoosl p ^ lceJje e^trsod e peq seq lcaloJd aql a 'l! uo ).Uo^^ o1 alqe aq o¡ sqot pooB dn a^e? ,(ueu ]eq¡ ,(lBuolls os lcafoJd aql pa^allaq siolea]c quep3 q - -'uoipllr.lc pue sllnpe qloq sleadde lsalord uapl olll e y9 ,l -i o_l y?9^r'q ]:YL9E'* 119-9'] - tr'lsll s!r{} LUorJ uolltsode¡d eleudordde ue Ll}!/r^ secue}ues esoq} a}elduoC suolllsoda¡d luepuadoo - Ále¡nqero¡

Reading and Use of Engtish Part 5 1 You are go¡ng to read an article about predicting earthquakes. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (4, B, C or D) which you think fits best accordin§ to the text. iir§S¡9.qq:@qirlti§ rtkbff.ftkúy,.virerdy,evqy'cdtuie. i{oe.rll¡tiriua, beha¡ioúr ¡ás,.}e§$.Ia§ted n m¡¡S{'6,{q'¡ñ.irtál hx::&.4.§ry§'..,@.:l @6t@§s-§f t}{,6r/af .anima} .behaviotv ¡i spdde*,as.wÉli incMirg Sshi,r@;,e!'d SEo:@'1hid@qe ptb tc cfft'q.trl€s dld to a bsEer erdeflt, vdcanb eruptiors, -beiraúioLr can occur at any time in drarre d a q-¡ake from conventional science has nsrer been abte to adequatety explain weeks to seconds. r the phenomenon, A number of theories have been proposed to explain Neverthelesq theChinese andJapanese have used such observations this phenomenon, and what the signals that the for hundreds of years as an important part of their earthquake *nanimals are picking up on might be, Because warning systems. many animals possess auditory capacities beyond 4Most slgnificantly, on February I975, the Chinese the human range, it has been suggested that r* successfully evacuated the city of Haicheng several hours some animals may be reacting to ultrasound emilled before a 7.3 magnitude earthquake, saving nearly 9O,0O0 as xmicroseisms from rock breaking below the lives. This was based prirnarily on observations of ss cárth's surface, unusual animal behaviour. Another possibili§ is fluctuations in the earth's a magnetic ñeld, Because some animals have a f Helmut Tributsch's classic work on the subject of !* *C sensitivity to variations in the earth's magnetic *of field (usually as a means of orientation), and since l- earthquakes and unusual animal behaviour Wfien the o*variations in the magnetic field occur near the Snakes Awake details nurnerous consistent accounts epicentres of earthquákes, ¡t has been suggested (o of the phenonrencn from all over the world. However, that this is what the animals are picking up on, o) although these behaviour patterns are very well-documented, Other mysterious phenomena are oflen connected +, most American specialists do not take them very seriously. E ro ln fact, most conventional geologists do not believe that there are any earthquake prediction techniques which with earthquakes, The regular eruptions of geysers perform any betler than chance; this includes unusual as have been interrupted. Water levels in wells have animal behaviour: ln fact, the notion that odd animal been reported to change, or the water itself has behaviour can help people predict earthquakes is become cloudy. Magnets have been said to lose their power tempor:arily. Many people report rs p€rceived by most traditionat geotogists in the West as folklore and is often treated as seriously that there is suddenly an inexplicable stillness as sightings of ghosta Elvis Prestey, and the Loch ¡o in the air, and that all around them becomes Ness Monster. completely silent. Strange lights are often Unusual behaviour is difficuft to define, and seen glowing from the earth, and unusual fogs have been reported. These phenomena so determining if there is a §pical behaviour are all consistent with the notion that the odd pattern is not a simple, clear-cut process, rs animal behaviour may result from changes in the although there are some distinct patterns earth's electromagnetic field. More puzzling is the fact that a number of people even claim to have which have emerged, An example of this, sighted UFOs hovering around earthquake sites. which has often been reported, is an Currently, Western science does not have any :s intense fear that appears to make some othersanimals cry CIr barik for hours, and ; run away in panic. Equally §pical is the anreliable means of forecasting earthquakes, Any clues that may be used to help us predict when phenomenon of wild animals losing their usual fear of people, and where the next quake is coming should be +c Although the rnajori§ of accounts approached with an open mind. relate to dogs and cats, there are Glossary also many staries about other types i microseism: a weak, persistently-recurring of anirnal in the wifd, on farms, and ln earth tremor 54

99 Idnra ,{len alenlsnlJ ]cear ]seFEns uteldxo rncco aullap uJoJrad lupard oAeLloq o^rosqo unoN qlaA unoN qroA 'sqra^ tool esaql uorl epeu spto/n ql!/Y\\ elqel slql elalduoc tr Fu¡p¡¡nq p¡o/n o Áre¡nqPloA rncco ll!M salenbquea uoq/v\\ lclpard o] olqlssodul! sl ll O .pulru punos Jo ]ou ore selenbquea ]clperd uec Áaq],{es oqm a¡doe¿ c 'sa¡enbqlleo ]ctpold ol rnoq ]noqe seopr /v\\eu o] ualsll plnoqs slsllualcs ulolsaM g 'se¡enbqllee pue rnot^elloq leutue uo euop eq ol poou solpnls aron v a ¿oleu ot Eul,{rt st alclue aq} Jo ra}lllv\\ eq} tulod uleu all} sl }eLlM != 'sulelc oL.l] lnoqe poujosuoc s! 3H o C 'uleldxa o] ]lncuJlp srrlelc aL{} spu!} oH C =o 'sutelc oLl] Áq Pestrdrns s! aH I t- (() 'enr¡ Á¡qeqord e.le sulelc otl] slultl] aH V cD .1J ¿solls tr e¡enbqyeo punore uaos uaaq a^eLl soln ]ell] sulelc o] ]ceoj rellJ/v\\ elll seop /v\\oH 'ace}JnS S,queo OL,l] /v\\olAq Spunos pnol leaq ,ieql O 'sleuEeu o] o^tllsuas,{lt,lBtq are Áaq1 I 'plol¡ cllauBeu s,L,lueo oL,l] ul seBueqc osuos,{eq1 g 'o^oul ol FuluulBaq Llueo oLl] leoJ ,{eqt v ¿Jnotneqaq eBuells ,sleLulue Jo osnec e¡q¡ssod e sl ]eqM 'aulotl tuoll Áeme un.l slad ouos O 'e¡doad Jo pouall.lFuJ euocaq sleulue llV C .sleutue loqlo uell] lnol^eqeq lensnun elou /v\\otls sBop pue slec I lnor^eL{eq lensnun A otls sleulue pa}ecl}sotuop pue plliv\\ L.l}o8 v ¿e>4enbqUeo ue ololaq a^el,laq sleujrue /v\\ol{ }noqe,{es.le}unn eLl} seop }eLlM rnol^eqeq leulue lensnun ¡o,ipnls cullualcs uoddns o 'se>lenbquee Fullclpatd ,to ,{e¡n elns ou sl aloLl} onallaq C 'pot,lcreesar-lla/v\\ s a\\e/^V saYeus aq] ueq\\ ){u!L|l I 'sa¡enbqlreo lclpald o] rnolneqaq leulue lensnun osn V slslFoloaF leuotlua^uoc lsoLu 'olclue aL{} }o lo}lrm aL,|} o} Fu¡ploccy ] ror'\"'\":'JI', ;i'j':::: :::\",:H l:l'J:: ;L:i:'::i : 'se¡enbqlreo ]clpord o] ll asn solrlunoc ,{ue6¡ g 'puo/v\\ eq] ul araqm,{rena ueddeq }ou saop }l v ¿se¡enbqyea oJoJaq lnotnelloq leutue lensnun lo ocuallncco alll ]noqe ,{es .la}tln aLl} seop }eqM

Gfammaf h Un¡ted's second goal was scored in the final minute won them the cup. Relat¡ve clauses i _Sally,s go¡ng out w¡th someone she met at 1 Dec¡de whether the relat¡ve clauses ¡n the follow¡ng Jason's party' ¡s on orsentences are defining (they conta¡n essent¡al informa on) thenondef¡ning (they contaln non€ssent¡al ¡nformat¡on). lf j -Not surprisingly, we never got back the th¡ngs clause is non{eflnlng, add commas. we'd reported stolen. 2otha The word 'smog'wh¡ch was co¡ned in the early _k We,ll be staying at the Seaview Hotel century combines the words 'smoke' and 'fog'. the seafront- the 'Theb ln the late 19th century, London which was known as lrhebestt¡metogotosco and¡sJune cond¡tions.Big Smoke' suffered almost constant foggy -weather ¡s warmer. m I've dec¡ded I don't l¡ke the shoes I bought whichc At that time fog was ma¡nly caused by the smoke on Saturday. homes.came from the coal f¡res burn¡ng in thousands of n The H¡lton ¡s expens¡ve is what you d whend The worst recorded London smog was in 1952 expect. After all, it is a five-star hotel. 4,000 people died ¡n the week that it lasted. o The girl over there -¡s talking to John used thane Because of the poor visib¡lity which was often less one metre dozens died in road accidents to go to my school. f whoThese days smog which particularly affects people -g ln whlch sentences above could the relative pronoun be om¡tted? have respiratory problems is mainlv caused when fuel -4 Rewrite these formal sentences more ¡nformally, leaving out .i¡ltemiss¡ons from cars react w¡th .rnl¡nnt ¡n nrm¡¿. the relat¡ve pronoun where possible. atmospheric cond¡t¡ons. haveg The countr¡es whose ¡ndustr¡al economies a The guest house at wh¡ch we stayed when we were in lndia,accelerated almost overnight, namely china and Prague was r¡ght ¡n the city centre a have the worst air pollution. ; whichl h The industr¡es which pollute the most are those b The couple with whom we shared our table at lunch were 5o use fossil fuels like coal. from Poland. E i To date, the US president who has done most to improve c The travel agency through which we booked our holiday CO2 emissions in that country is President Obama. was excellent. cn .É 2 Complete these sentences with appropriate relative = pronouns. There may be more than one possible answer. Add d The tour, about which we had heard so much, was commas if the clause is non-definlng. a The 10.05 from London to Nonvich is due definitely worth going on. to arrive at Platform 1 will call at Colchester, lpswich and Nonruich. is the day e The audio guide, without which we would have been lost, b We'll have the party next Fr¡day was available in several languages. he comes out of hospital. c The golden eagle byeggs are stolen f The holiday, to which weh looked fonvard so much, was unscrupulous collectors is now an endangered spec¡es. over too soon. d What's the name of the girl - got married to Chris Small? ls it Louise? e Can you think of a-ny reason he might have done it? f I don't know of any restauran-ts you can get a decent meal for under Lts. g What's the name of that singer record was number one last month? The one writes his own songs. - 56

L9 'orluac u^ o] aq] u! uollnllod Jo ]unoue oq] osnpor plnoM no/i'soFueL,lc palsoBBns all] paluaue¡du¡ noÁ ¡¡ 'sasnq pue slxe] 'soM olle Á¡uo pue reqlaBo]le erluoc umo] ot.ll olul FuloB uorJ srec ueq plnoc no ^ ',i¡eles sa),¡lq roq] aneo¡ uec e¡doed ereqnn's¡cer elc,iclq orotu llelsut plnoqs no¡ c 'arluoc umo] aL{} o}ur }iodsuei} ooll aprnord plnoc no,i pue 'Fur>1red deeqc Ll}r/v\\ u/v\\o} aql oprslno ¡red )eJ e plrnq plnoc no^ 'oulaqcs oprJ-pue-y rcd e acnpollut plnoc no^ q 'or.uoL.l le srec JraLl] o^eal o] e¡doed elernocue ]LlElrx 1r 'enrsuedxo oJour oJluoc u/v\\o] oL1] u! Fu!>4red epeu no,i ¡¡ e 'en¡ssed eql Fulsn Á¡¡euro¡ erou seep! aseql elUA aU T Uodau -ZredButlrr¡¡ @:f 'A0o¡ou qce+ +J o-oLl+-Jo-o+o+s opn cu I I I l/!\\ tlol t l/v\\'¡ o¡¡dso ¡1 ! I C '-eA3 0u¡A¡1 /v\\eu o Ou¡p¡¡nq uo0eq SIB¿¡O 'l,l,OZ ul (B) fo puo uol+uene¡d (¿) ul selilunu:uroc elocq+looLl l- looollo se¡1lllqodoc eq¡ (e) st SteUg 'senOoelloc rloLl+ ro cn rvtut # oNtlg c, 9NOUTS ilcoo+ ujn+ ul oq/v\\ 'sJeIJo/v\\ oros e^e puo sro+cop locol ou¡u¡o.t1Ag I3S .Suo|llltlJ}o-(g)eq+pe^oSpUoseu+unocB/o+pelle^o]+ soq ¡o1¡dso¡1 eA3 Ou¡A¡¡ SISUO otl+ '¿BóL ul oururDr6o¡d +srl] s+l eculs ,l,\\oNx 'sorn+col puo Oululol+ uo-spuotl r.l0norL¡+ slllls puo (?) ¡oc¡Orns Jlorl+ uo ssod o+ elqo oJo/v\\ senb¡uqco+ +so+Dl ot.l+ ul poulpl+ srolcop '¡o1¡dsot¡ CIu¡tlcoel louol+cun,t o o+ul pe+ro^uoc -so/v\\ r¡clrlrvveuo¡d B-CC oclnles-Jo-+no u^Dllnjoj (e) --orl+ o+ s)tuDL1l '¡o¡¡dsoq fue0rns eÁe e¡¡qou o so/v\\ uo!+nlos slH 'seuurorOord 6u¡u¡oJ+ soes:e^o u¡ 0u¡1od¡c¡¡od tuo4 sog+unoc :lNlcloSr l oseLl+ ulJJo+s (¿) lsour pe+uonerd uogopoululocoo NOIIVN pUD|e^o{-(¡),uo¡1¡n+}os+so3l.]0lt.1ot]+loq+pe^lesqo uo+Dd rC 's0/óL eq¿ 6u¡rnp ppo^ Ou¡do¡enop eLl+ lnoq6notq¡ ON:IIXI (0) Oulttenor+ re+JV 'uo+od pt^og rC Jo oepl eLl+ so/!\\ Slg¿l6 '(o) BuluulFeq aq¡ le etduexa ue s! aJar.ll 'oull otues oql u! deF etll u! stlt leql pto/n e ruJoJ ol seull aql lo otuos to pue eql le slelldec u! uenrF pro/n aLll asn '^ olaq lxal eql peer 'g-tr suol¡senb lo¡ T r ]red qstlSul Jo asn pue Eulpeau

Reading and Use of Engtish Partz 1 You are §oing to read an article about four entrepreneurs who put forward their business ideas to potential investors on a TV show called Dra§ons' Den. For questions L-LO, choose from the entrepreneurs (A-D). The entrepreneurs may be chosen more than once. C A James Halliburton:The llloom Balloon C Shaun Pulfrey: The thngle Teezer 'r.+o9J r The Dragons saw the business potential of Mr Halliburton's w Dragons' Den reject, Shaun Pulfrey, has had his innovative o invention - a glowing balloon which kept keys afloat when hairbrush snapped up by a well-known pharmaceutical C they fell into water - and he initially accepted a fl200,000 company. The device, designed to smooth tangled hair easily, should make the hairdresser a good profit. Mr Pulfrey was .E offer for a 25a/a stake in his company. However, Mr c) r Halliburton later changed his mind because when he was turned down by the Dragons, who advised him to abandon l{ :s his idea, saying it was not a worthwhile business project. Mr Pulfrey said: 'l just made a comment about one of the ' .1J testing out his invention, he came up with an even better tr idea. 'When I saw how excited my next-door neighbour's young sons were about an illuminated balloon, I knew there panelists colouring her hair to show how useful the product was an opportunity to tap into that with an innovative new could be on highlighted hair. The fact that she denied her hair ro product. lt left me in no doubt that I could do it on my own, was coloured made me lose all hopel Despite leaving the safe in the knowledge that I had an even bigger project in +o show with no investment, he said, 'The whole experience has the pipeline.'The llloom Balloon is simply a reinforced balloon been instrumental in my success because of the exposure fitted with a tiny LED light inside, which glows brightly when it gave me and my product, but the actual success of the it is inflated. Mr Halliburton continued, 'l took a gamble by product has been dnven by its ability to do what it says it on rs Irot going with the Dragons' cash, but it has really paid offl the pack. I knew there was a market for theTangleTeezer.' B Kirsty Henshaw: Freedom Desserts D Natalie Ellis:The Road RefresherWater Bowl Kirsty Henshaw secured a deal after impressing the investors ¿r Natalie Ellis appeared on the show asking for f 120,000 to on Dragons' Den. Kirsty decided to create her own range help export her non-spill dog water bowl to America. When of dairy-free frozen desserts when she discovered that her she tearfully admitted that her previous business had failed son, Jacob, had an intolerance to dairy products. She said: 'lt after she had a stroke, aged just 32 she won sympathy zs started with my liüle ice-cream maker. Jacob seemed to love from the Dragons but no investment. But viewers were the desserts, which was my main aim. Then I just thought that maybe it could work as a business as wellj Kirsty admitted so impressed, and sales of the bowl have soared since the she had been anxious about facing the judges. 'Walking show. Natalie was an unusual contestant on Dragons' Den: into the Den was nerve-racking,' she said. 'But hearing the unlike most, she did not apply. 'Two researchers approached rs Dragons compliment me and my product made up for all the me at an awards ceremony and asked me to go on,' she hard work. When I first set out, it was very hard. I lived with says. 'l didn't need ínvestment, I just wanted expertise. The my mum and had two jobs to save money to fund my dream. This opportunity has made me even more determined to keep sr story was picked up by the American press and I am now on working hard to make the brand a successj in talks with US retailers. I want to grow my business over there then sell it,' adds Natalie, who moves to Chicago at the end of the month. 58

69 ']l olll ],uop noÁ Áes no,{ }l ele} },uo^ ¡ es¡uotd ¡ ¿edtcel A ou stq} }o ),lult,l} noÁ op }eq6 ? 'pueululB au s,uolev ol ]uelsu! ue ),loo] ¡ 1nq ',iqm eep! ou alell I I ^ 'o] no,i ]ue/v\\ a¡doed roL.llo se ]ou 'o] ]ue¡n noÁ se alll a^ll pue a¡e1 e 'Á¡y-oqs no,( qlrrvr aq lll/vr rl]llus r[ 'sauof st4 '- ue / e ole] aseold p 'sorqqoq s,uolplrt¡c Jrotl] ut /ue e e>.le] s,{e¡rle plnol.ls s}uoled c ¡op ]ou plp I Eulqlauos rol aq] axe]-,o{]uasnlor ,i¡ap¡osqe ¡ q ]erl] ]nq qol aq] au Eu¡rago ,iq '#o pled uel{} aJoru peLl }! ue / e uoxe] peLl otl panttupe ssoq ,i6¡ e - '/v\\olaq lsll eql ruoll unou e¡errdordde ue ql!/r^ socualues esaqt a¡e¡duog t alet ql!,l suo¡sserdx¡ o - Áep Árene rededsmeu otl] peai lo smau dee»1ql!^ sq¡an ¡eserq¿ Q / oqlor.l] L{c}e^ o} sl puo/v\\ all} ul Eu¡uaddeq s,}eL|/v\\ tl}l¡n dn uo daa4 o} Áem }saq t ¡Iro^ poofl eql dn / uo daay'¡vtou dols ],uog '¡¡em ,{¡¡ee; auop oA,no^ e ']t{Elo/vt osol o} ]ue^ no,{rtr lollocle pue spooJÁpe¡¡no /ilodee>1o}o^eq noÁ'lerp e uo ol,no¡i uetlM p 'Lulrl u, / qUn dn dea¡ l,uplnoc I ]eq] ]sel os pallem oH c 'JJo / tno sdael uter oll] se Euol se oprslno uorldacar Eulppa¡n eLll aneLl ll,oM q ÁcueuBerd leq qBnorLl] lllFu Eulylom dn / uo lda¡ e¡uog e 'deay ql!/n qJe^ leselqd e¡e¡ldoldde ue eleu ol scrret, u! enlleurolle lcalloc eql esooLlC ¿ /'ecueuadxa Jo Xcel sl lleJ sassoursnq /v\\au Áqm suoseet ¡ed¡cu¡td aÉlcultd eql Jo ouo q 'ec!]cerd olur ]nd o] enlsuedxe aq Áetu ]l pq pooF st eapt eq¡'¡ednuUd / eÉlcu¡td u| e 9 Co 'Á¡ano¡s Fu¡notdtut sr uorlenlts puwouoce / clwouoce ]uollnc aql q +(), 'stec ralle¡ uell] unl ol pctwouoce / cftuouoca arou ole srec rolleus ',{¡¡etauag e g o 'peaocns o] uolleuturelap s,uneqs ]coJJa / paJJe lou plp ]uotulsonut ]o )4cel q C .= ']ueuuor^ue aLll uo lca#a / na1¡e aslanpe ue peq eneq senbtuqca] Fu¡tute¡ ulapohl e n o 'sado¡enua pue H .t reded Eullu¡n lo ]no unr o^,aM 'fueuollels / r{tauogets a;oru oulos laB o} paau aM q É, ']! olu! paqselc pue fueuonels / fuauollels se/v\\ ]uorJ ut rec aL{} 1eLl} eapd },up!p soue[ e t 'quel lseot ol tuaweldwoc / wew!Éwoc 1ce¡ed aq] s! acnes ]ull^ q 'lueweÉwoc / luewt¡dwoc e ou s,{ed euoauos uaL,l^ posser;equa }eF ¡sÁem¡e e ¿ / aql'Uassap Uasap aq] ul anr^Jns uec LlcrL.lM slueld MaJ aL{} }o euo st sn}cec q 'urearc-oc! pue ard a¡dde st Uassap / uesep elpnone¡ Á6¡ e T 'sacualuos eseql u! sclreil u! p¡o/r^ lcolJoc aql osooL{c tr pesnluoc uago spro¡¡ @ Árelnqelo¡ ffffffftfffffffffffffiiiiiiiiii ¿epeu Áaq] elelstuJ e suotluotx ¿euuuerEold eql Eu¡rnp lle] Áaql or.l saqucsop ^ iura¡qord L{}leoq e,{q partdsut aram,{aq1 moq sute¡dxe ¿eapl loL.ll u! t,llteJ ]sol Jo^au Áaq¡ s,ies ¿)4sU e Fulle] suotluoul ¿ecuerradxe FulsseJlslp e suotlueu ¿lnlasn se^A auuerBord orl] uo EuloB ]etl] s,{es ¿oxeu o] pell ,iaq] sacltllces oLll suollueu ¿Jallo ,srolso^ur etl] ]decce ],uplp Áaq1 pesee¡d are Áeq¡ slseBBns ¿uaLl] enrt p¡noc srolso^ut ot.l] octnpe eL{} ul pa}sele}ul aJo/v\\ r{eq} s,{es uosred qc!q^

Grammar l'd rather Wishes and regrets 2 Complete these sentences with one of these verbs in an appropriate form. You will need to make some of the verbs negat¡ve. i'iilli-r,é1t-\"\"üPilfg--ya_liüyé!-.-iál at e; --ñffi*l _ i a I think I'd rather to the cinema than rent a DVD. b l'd rather we out tonight for a change. I'm tired of cookin-=g.- c I'd rather football than watch it any day. tli 'Would you like another sandwich?' 'l'd rather a piece of cake.' I'd rather you Patrick to the party. I don't like him very much. rl f wWaonutldtoyowuakraeth-ye-oru I_ you after eleven? I don't than be a passenger, wouldn't €] up. I'd rather you? MT r l'd rather too early. I hate being the first -goC person there. We'd rather you us next month. We're both very busy at the moment. : -r= ro N-f,-s,r,, o It's time C Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verbs 3 Read these situation-s and write an appropriate sentence rO in brackets. beginning with lt's time. ,,,t.{+E, a I wish I (have) straisht hair! a lt's half past seven. You get up at half past seven every b I'm so tired. I wish I -==- (nol / go) to bed so day. What do you say to yourself? late last--night. It's time c I wish I -- (can) afford to run a car like that. You are thirty years old and you still live with your (put) your dirty socks in the parents. Your friend thinks you should Set your own place. d I wish you What does he say? laundry bas-k_e*t -and not drop them on the floor! Don't you think it's time Darren wishes he _-- (remember) to buy his c Your mother asked you to put the lamb in the oven at g¡rlfr¡end a birthday present. twelve o'clock. lt's twelve o'clock now. What does your sister say to you? f I wish I (not / live) in the countryside. lsn't it time TTohneyrew'sis-nh'oe'.td-hinhgeto do! (work) harder at school and d Your doctor thinks you should have a holiday. What does (Bet) some qualifications. she say to you? Susan felt sick and wished she (not eat) so It's time much chocolate. Peter wishes he (be) taller so that he could see better at football matches. I wish Alison -- (hurry up)! I'm fed up with waitin§. Don't you sometimes wish you (not / §et married) so young? I I wish it (stop) raining. I want to play tennis. (learn) to swim when she m Mary wis-h=es- she _ (listen) to my brother's advice. was young. I wish I _-- 60

I9 raqlesM peq oL,l] oueld aLll voor 'peq se/v\\ iar.llea/v\\ all] LlBnoL,l]le au!] uo ual aueld aLlI ¿rauurp ro] alrl plno^ noÁ leL,l/v\\ noÁ aAeH GNll l ¿rauulp rol aM plno/v\\ no/i ]eL{/v\\ poplcop noÁ oAeH 'osrou aLl] ]noqe oJoL.ll lVU]A3S 'asrou oll] lnoqe pourelduoc o^eq aldoad ouos leele3 E SE FUISINU 13uclu roojec e se Fursrnu asoqc | /ijros lou tu,l 'pu!ru ],uop no/i Jl 'alouts U3HIVU 'pulrx ],uop nor{ }t 'a¡ous o} }ou no,{ le¡ald plno/v\\ | z )aruea au I HSI/v\\ rarueo au lla] ],uplp no,i Alld e S,]l T. 'eBe s¡q ouoauos lo¡ se;nBtl uosef ooo0 C 'eEe srq auootuos roJ llo/v\\ salnF!] dn sppe uosef O .9 (o lldWVX3 o '(g) e¡duexo ue s! oJaH 'uenlF pto/r^ oql Fu!pnlcur 'sptotvt a^¡¡ pue o^ ] uee^ ¡aq C .E osn lsnu no^'uenlF pJo/n eql eFueqc lou oO 'uenlB pro/n eUl Eulsn 'ecueluas lsIU eql o ol Fulueeu relluls e seq ll leql os acuoluas puoces etll elelduoc'g-tr suo¡¡sanb lo¡ T, r{ # C, ,lred L{stlSul Jo osn pue Eulpeau

Vocabutary @ Pnrasal verbs with make 1 Use a dictionary to check the meaning of these phrasal verbs if you need to' Then complete the gaps in these sentences with an appropriate verb in an appropriate form' hiffi§ illffitrlffiü i make into make out make uP make up for make uP to sb a The compensation we received from the travel company only slightly our disastrous holidaY. b l'm so sorry I forgot your birthday. l'll it ----- you' I promise! c Sam and Anna their spare bedroom a study' We could do the same. - d Why do doctors have such illegible handwriting? You can never what they've written. some excuse about the train being late' e Andy arrived late as usual. He Compound adiectives 2 The answers to these clues are hidden in the grid. Words can go across or down' a Someone who cares about others is kind-- ' b someone who can see someth-ing clearly only if it is very close to them is c A person who has a very hi$h opinion of themselves is b¡g--.- ' d Another word for attractive to describe a person is good-- ' e Someone who is relaxed and happy to accept things is -go¡ng' f Memories which bring pleasure mixed with sadness are bitter-- ' Co g A change which is likely to have a lot of si$nificant effects is -reaching h A person whose skin is brown from exposure to the sun is sun-- +J ' (o i The opposite of sensitive for a person is -skinned' oc jTheoppositeofmodernisold.=----. .E o k Another word for transparent is -through' I The opposite of made-to-measure is -to-wear' F{ PRSEE ET#c R KZSW E ) EWHE A DE - DSCXL S FOOD L KINGA oo E FASH I ON EDMOT A JIRF T RE TCHYA S CGEA I EK HRACN Y MIAR Y ET IORON E aNDl N HB CEDLE K IAYA E FI KVUDD A OLIL C RS HORTE H EART E DY EBDAS complete these sentences with an adjective related to the word in brackets' (innovation) ideas are the result of trying to find a solution to a a Most problem. b The most (success) ideas are often the simplest' c When colour TVs first came onto the market, they were expensive, but now they are very _- (afford). d you don,t need to be particularly to desisn a new product' e (number) inventions are patented every year' 62 -(artist)

E9 ']eociltul sr ,lenlceJ, Jo altsoddo eq1 o 'allt] Jo laqunu e q]lM ,{¡¡ensn 'Iooq e Jo uor}cas e}eredes e sr enqdlc 1 p 'cla 'ul4 fe¡d '¡enou e ,to fuo1s eL,ll tulo] ]el,l] sluana Jo satJos otl] s! dllo V c 'uosred ]eq],iq uo]]um altl s,uosred e 1o ¡{ro}s eq} sl d¡en?qooQlÁte uV q y's^lo/a/u e sr slo^ou sollr/v\\ oqm uosred e 'soouoluas eseql elalduoc ol spJo^ l,uJoJ ol sJelle! eull eFuel¡eeu 'JoqlnÉ s¡q1 Áq srour pear ol luem ¡¡¡r* noÁ il pear noÁ ¡ 1eq1as¡u.ro-rd ¡ ¡ /I aawelenfr ansse U) l'pua q 0u1uu¡6eq ñu¡so¡c a1 Ewuado ttstutt ot ¡-lets (g) ¡ ¡uro.r¡ 6u¡¡an¡; §u¡dd¡t6 art¡s¡nduoe (g) sr lr asnecaq ,{.ro1s s!r{l pueurutocor plnom I /'fie ral¡E 1q0¡.1 a;ann Áaql Jl rapuoM turq saleu lxeu s;eadda , séwo§ ¡ sueddeq (r) ]sqM 'acuaplcuroc e lsn[ sl ]l slulq] aH 'suracuoc srtl a^orlaq l.usaop ppt{c aqt parü^llap oqm ro}aop sr{j 'do1 aql le Áo} e raAo paddul spq sqs 'srlets aq} }o looJ aqt Ie peüp 6u¡Á¡ a3¡nor §lq pug ot lrol'a u¡or, auoq soriloc aq 'Áep aug 'sllels aql ¡o do1 aql le qa¡ ,{¡sno¡.la}sr{w sr{o1 spu¡¡ aq uaqm r{¡luere¡¡¡p lutr4l o} sup}s oq uaq} tnq 's6ultll 6ulut6eul st aJIM slL{ slulr{l 'pueqsnq raq 'pl^B6l raq llp,l ol 6urfut sr pecurnuoc sl a{.ls or{M'pllr{c aql rot parlsr{ e sdo¡anep pue qp¡q §u¡n¡0 se¡p lsourle 'aollv'a}t4,1 / /aq¿ Aqeq E e^eL{ oqr* a¡dnoc pCIuleul-,{¡rddeq e ¡o ,{.ro1s aq¡ sa,r¡6 satep) silat G) ll 'au uo uo¡ssa.rdur¡6uot¡s / 6lq ¡ a1n¡(A e apeu auo slt,l] lnq 'sarrols Uoqs pue sla^ou Áse1ue¡ pue uorlcry acuarcs Aueu aloJM &nqperg ,{eg '&nqpetg z(eg roLl}ne ¡Co +, uecHaurv aL$ Aq pauuad paqpcsap / usuuw 11¡ Á.ro1s uor{s e s! .utssessv lleus aq1. ro o 'lcerrocu! C .g s! leql eserqd ro plo/n eql esootlc L-T suo¡¡senb Jol '/rtolaq A e!^eJ looq eqt peog T o Mar^au - zued 8ul1u¡¡ H c.1J 1u ,,o,r ne,q'Ásq},e, nB e,q,JE sd,§,r:¡oseq o¿,tlg,lfilun oJE slsed ]g,['lBtll §Iultlt /v\\eJpuv' 1....ig.}ue.uI.eftoJ.¡aeu.esáq¡s'eqI.:i¡e0Á]áÁe.a¡o,+eq.a:q'ltl.}i :f\"i ,-,1'',,1,,,, lgpg6¡i;,6,b.ffi o:} pua ue }nd plnoc ÁEolouqgaf ^il€N ' '\"0\"u\" e oneq lluv\\ aJnlnt oql lo sJeO dE$,1,, 'oJourJ aql ul á-*n ol,enullttw fillñ'g^¡r ss^slleg ¡Aelpuv .,oqlll^^ulB}ugulFulnl|a¡doedJo}u,a|qo¡dlseFFlqet{I : \".-- ', ,-' ,-tuo§,sdi} § xn$* ÁFelnstped sq }ou tq,Frul u u! Jeqloue o¡ ece¡d CIuo rrro;J la EJl ol elqe eq ll!/v\\ noÁ se lery ssal asn ll!/v\\ no^ ,.'Áaurno[rnoÁ enu¡¡uoe noÁ eloJsq 'ai: 'rl 'eserqd uol.ls ¡o pJo/r^ e qt!/n secuelues eql aleldtuoc'otr-T suollsenb Jol 'otnlnt aql u! le^erl lll/t a^ /noq lnoqe llel e FulnrB qlnos ^ erpuv pallec uetu,e ¡eaq II!/v\\ no^ 0T'T (|. T zred Eulualsrl

Listening Part 1 8 You hear a man asking for information. f {} 1.11You will hear people talking in eisht different What is the man trying to do? situations. For questions 1-8, choose the best answer A buy a computer B buy books (4, B or C). C join a library 1, You hear a woman talking about people of different nationalities. What did she use to assume about people who used Vocabu[ary gestures? A that they were foreign B that they were strange Q enrasal verbs with stíck C that it was normal 1, Replace the verbs in italics in these sentences with the correct form of stick and one of these words. You hear someone being interviewed about learning a language. out of to together up for What does the speaker say about the family he lived a When I was little, my bi§ brother always helped and with? protected me. oC A They always spoke to him in English. b The employees are realizing that, if they are united,lhey +, B They were teachers at the local college. can win an increased pay offer. ((] C He learned a lot of Thai from them. c I really admire the way she has continued to work hard at .9 that job even though she's found it really tough. C f You hear someone talking about her oldest friend. d I'll always help and support my children whatever they do. e That's my story and I'm not changingil. E How do the two friends keep in touch? f He tore his trousers on a nail that was protrudin§from the Eo A by writing to each other wall. (J r{ B by phoning each other every month say, speak, talk, tell F{ c.11 C by visiting each other several times a year You overhear two friends talking about an interview. What does the man tell the woman to avoid? 2 Complete these sentences with the correct form of one of A blinking these four verbs: say, speak,talk,tell. B staring a I asked my father if I could borrow his car and he C eye contact b Did I ever - yes. You hear a man talking about his first lie. you the story of how I broke my What happened when the speaker and his mother leg? returned from shoppi ng? c l'd love to be able to ltalian. lt's such a A His mother discovered the medicine. B He hid the medicine in a cupboard. romantic language. d Apparently, George Washington never a lie. C He took more of the medicine. e There's no point in being shy. You've just got to You overhear a conversation between two people. f He just wou-ldny'ot usrtmoi-pnd. What situation are they talking about? . ln the end, I put the A getting stuck in rush hour traffic phone down. B being stopped by the police C a car breakdown You hear a novelist talking about her work. What were her views about it? A that it was unlikely to be published B that an agent would find it interesting C that it needed to be rewritten 64

99 'txro] lo pua aq] loJ-}.uec}Sn[l]eaÁSlL|},iept¡oqJaUUnSÁu-Á¡¡ealu.¡' C '¡¡em saoB Bultlilrene | 'pualoa/v\\ all] ]e ycnl poog a .+9, req dea¡ ],ulsnu eM 'L{cunl Jo} sn le}sls,{tA p ((, no,{ ery c .9 ¿qof mau rno,i Burue]s C 'SlnoLl O/vq =E Á¡reeu roJ o] peq aM 'luaplcoe ue Jo osnecoq paÁe¡ep se^ uter] alll q Eo .passedoA,l-}Sn[l'tvtouÁep,iues1¡nsalUexo¡{uteFo}-le (J t+ ' lit^ oi óre^ól-,tool .d\"ü -* iJáo*J i t{ #c, -'/noleq sqJel eql lo ouo lo ruJol lcarroo eql ql!^ secuelues osor.ll a¡e¡duo3 g sq¡ol Fu¡sn¡uo3 ssolr.llnr 7 erlleFau orolN pa^resoJ I FuloFlno e enrsuadxaur p c Eu!oB-,isee q 3ndJn? e 'e¡duexe ue se euop s! auo lsrlt oril'e r¡orl spJo/rl e¡e¡rdordde aql ql¡/n elqel s¡q¡ e¡e¡dtuo3 'eBe slul Jo ueu e )ol UlnqJla/u s,aH F sFu¡ueeru ¡elluls tltlm selllcefpv V'Áze¡ A¡eer ore sselc ,{ru ur s}uopn}s ot.l} Jo iv\\et I '^ orniolur or.l] ro¡ saol.ls deaqc orom aH e 'uos.¡ad p/oc rorller e JaLl pull I ]nq 'Fullserelur ,{ran s,aqs p 'eur o] luapuuoua^o suaos eH c 'uosled Jo Uos pauw)elap,iuard e s,.leqlo.lq ,{[A q 'rnoqqBrau roop-]xau Áesou,{¡¡ear e }oF aA,oM e 'seceds aql u! N ro d alUM e¿spulueau¡ enlleFeu ro anr¡rsod aleq sacuelues eseql u! sclret, ut spro/r^ eql oO

Reading and Use of Engtish Part 6 1 You are going to read an article about unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Six sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A-G the one which fits each gap (1-6).There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. r Visitors from space are the subject of many 2Oth-century :s They found this so terrifying that they did not stay to see fairy tales, yet millions of normal people sincerely believe what happened next but drove off as fast as they could. ffithat they are real. But is there any real proof ? ffi He said he had woken up on the UFO and found The first recorded case of this kind was in the 1950s, when himself surrounded by creatures with no hair and with halt formed faces. These 'people' then put a mask over his face r George Adamski claimed that he had been given rides in :o ánd he fell asleep again. He claims that he remembered nothing else until he awoke in the forest near to where he flying saucers belonging to people from Venus, Mars and had disappeared. ffiSaturn. Another early case of alien kidnapping took place a few years later in 1961, when an American couple, Betty and Barney Hill, saw a UFO while driving home one At the time, his story received national publicity, some ro night in New Hampshire. The couple stopped to observe people calling it the most impressive case of its kind. the UFO through binoculars and thought they could see mil,r Now, three decades later, and despite the fact that people aboard. To escape from what they were sure was there is absolutely no hard evidence that the earth has oc an alien spaceship, they took the back roads and arrived ever received visitors from space, the results of several home two hours late. A week later, Mrs Hill began to American surveys indicate that the majority of people are +, ((] convinced that there are such things as UFOs. .9 rE dream that they had not escaped, but had been taken on ffil-lC f E board the spaceship and medicalty examined. St\",\" even described how she had seen a star map, marked with +o This suggests that people want flying saucers to exist, oE the aliens' trade routes. maybe because as human beings we need to believe L) that we are not alone in the universe or that there are Fl ffin-lff\",is extraordinary event happened in a small town in superior beings capable of showing us how to survive in an F{ JN zo Arizona, when a team of woodcutters who were working in increasingly hostile world. This probably explains the lasting c, a remote forest area returned home with a strange story of +s popularity of films and books involving UFOs and aliens how one of their group had disappeared in the forest. They of all kinds. Two of the most well-known, Ef and Close had, apparently, seen their friend Travis Walton knocked Encounters of theThird Kind, were massive box office hits. unconscious by a blue-green light from a flying saucer. 66

L9 'peureluol uoslad eql Sutlleluo) ]snI Jo 'elnpaq]s Áltep e Eut8ueql sP qlns 'uorlfe jo eslnol e Jelle (8) Janlalal eql sasnel uolleLu:olu! 0tl1 Ue}}o'Á¡snoaue1uodsln:ro-(¿)sp:omU3^esaUl}eu]oSJo,sUolsl^ 'supeJp '1q8noq1¡o sluaru8eJl u! euio) o] suleas Euorm st Eurqtrauos ]eLli 8ut¡ea¡ alll 'eluplslp e 19¡ uosrad raLllo eq] o1 la8uep eql lo ale/Y\\P sl lenpr^rpur uV ']uapnle ue ul pallll lo patnlut (S) seL{ pual:} lo eAtlelej e uall,l\\ slstjf +o saut] ur A¡snoeueluods rnrlo Áqtreda1a1,o saluPlsul }Sotx}eLl1SUeaS}l.t]]leeseJ]ul}ual]S}opa[qnse-(?),{|snotlas Á¡8utseat:UlUale}8uraqsrÁqieda¡a1,uano:dÁ¡¡e:gt1ual]S-(€) q8noql¡y'slenpt^rpul pegls lo s:tls,{ul utepal1o Á1r¡rqe ¡et:eds e se papteBal Sl-(¿),SJeq}oUlellLlfl\\,ft¡n:e¡UPUnLlesepa1daffeslAqteda|at Co ,sautEt:oqVUel|PJ}snVeLl}SP-([)S3l}al]osleqlliUl.puofl\\eq}Je^o +JC .gf ((, ---p--.9 llp punoJ aq uel Aq1edalatr ¡o tamod eql ul ]allaq V 'a8en8uel (O) E esn eL|} }noqit¡A spultu uae/yueq uor}Plrunuuor suPstu ¡iqledatet oE (.) H F{ .1J c, = '(O) FuluulFeq eq¡ le eldulexe ue s! areql'deF qcee u! pJo/r^ euo ,{¡uo es¡ 'de! r.lcee sllt lseq qclq/n plo/n aql to )tult{t pue oleq }xot otl} peer 'g-tr suo¡¡sanb ro¡ ^ zued qsrlSul Jo asn pue Sulpeau ]seEFns q reeddes¡p p anresqo F oSul^uoS c 'uootu or.l] Jo opls leJ aLll uo sa!]!c ol rrl!r.,| uele] pel.l uauom Euno,{ InJt}neaq o/vu }el,l} ples oH eleclpu! I apnlcuocq 'xeoq e se^ ,irols oq] ]eq] popnlcuos ]srxa e ---frrpq-- o^arloq e sesec A3¡ saleBllsenut ]eLl] uollezueBrc ue 'leneano¡1 ¿olclue aql uor¡ sqra^ eseql ol palele, sunou aql eJe leq^ a 'suarle ¡{q paddeuplx Eu!,{JUret q - ol!]sor,l p uono ro pa]!st^ ,.\"\"0 aneq Áeq1]eq] uleluteu e¡doed euog l rouedns B snoue] c VSn aLl] u¡ ece¡d yool lle ¡o ,sEu¡ddeup!),1, snouel ]sotx otl] Jo ouo '9¿6T ul 'ta1e¡ s.lee,{ uaounol o lear t lnlrlneaq q 'Oln e ,{q paddeupt¡ Á¡luetedde'6¿67 leuorleu e -TmúTzpuv- Eulzeue e Jaqruacag Bu¡rnp IeaM e roJ pareaddeslp euleluol IUerJ C ¿alc!ue 'd¡qsaceds aq] uo slua^o ]o or.ll ruorl serllce[pe eseql o] pa]ete, sunou aq] ele leq^ tr ]unocce pallelop e lslrlelLlc¡{sd e eneB eqs 'stsoud,{q lapun I OEu¡p¡¡nq Pro/n '¡üols Bulzeue Á¡¡enbe ue ÁrelnqeloA L1lrl auoLl paurnlal Ja]]ncpoon Eu¡ss¡ur eql'lelel s,{ep ent3 V

Grammar Conditionals 1, Complete these conditional sentences usin§ the correct form of the verb in brackets. a lf we're home early tonight, we =- (go) swimming with you. b lf Paul drinks coffee at ni§ht, it -'--- (take) him ages to get to sleep' c lf Anna hung her clothes up, her room (not look) so untidy. d lf I see your father in the next hour, I _-*--- (tell) him you're looking for him. e lf Andrew hadn't been so rude, his colleagues (not stop) talking to him. f My mother never gives people lifts in her car if she (be) on her own' g The car seat (not get) wet if you--had closed the window. h My grandfather can't see very well if he ---- (not have Éot) his g¡lasses on. ¡ I =--- ---(.phone) you if I can't get there. j You'd be better at tennis if you (practise) more regularly. 2 Rewrite these sentences as Type 2 or 3 conditional sentences. EXAMPLE He's tired because he works all the time. tf he didn't work all the time, he wouldn't be tired. a Sue was ill, so she didn't go to the party. b I don't often go to the theatre because there isn't one in my town. Co +, Jeff couldn't play football because he'd broken his leg. «l .9 C dE= My mother never goes swimming because She'S afraid of water. Eo (J e I'd like to buy a yacht, but I haven't got f,100,000 to spare. F{ l{ .1tJr It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing. g I can't send her a postcard because I don't know her address. h He walked into the road sign because he wasn't looking where he was going. Choose the correct word or phrase in these sentences. a You'll be late unless / provided that you leave now. b I'll give you a lift in my car as long as / unless you don't smoke. c lf / Unless you don't stop eating, you're going to make yourself ill. d I'm sure we'll have a good holiday, provided that / unless the weather's good. e lf / lJnless you tell me what's wrong, I can't help you. 68

69 'uorplrtlc alecnpo o] aEenauel esn sjeqcee] qclLuv\\ ur Áe^ ell] sl elduexa Jeelc raLllouv r.l 'saBenFuel Llloq smoul ot.l^ uosJed reqloue uorl d¡eq peeu ,{eu osrnu ro rolcop raql Áq ua¡ods eBenFuel oll] Jo Fulpuelsiopun rood e L.llr/v\\ sluorled F 'JJels u! uo!]e^lloru Jo lcel ul llnsor ,{¡qelrnaur }sotule llrl suor}ezue?rc ur uor}ecrunuuoc }o sourl .rood '¡serluoc Ág t 'senBee¡¡oc pue sreFeueur rall] Jo ,{1r¡rqe aql uorlsenb o] Uels seeÁo¡dtre ¡¡ Á¡¡ercedse 'sue¡qord reqynJ ur ]lnsar uec uln] ur srr.ll e 'e^oqe secuelues puoces pue lsrll eql ql!/r^ q-a sacualuos pJltll osaql qclefl Z 'sJauleq leuorloua 1o dn Eul]]as aLl] pue sBurpuelsropunsru o] peal uec uorlecrunuuoc rood ece¡dlJofl\\ aq] ul 'e¡duexe ro¡ v 'see,{o¡dura rorl} Áq pelsnrl aq o},ile>l!t aJour are suor}ecrunuuoc tleurolur ur UoJJa pue aur] ]sanur oqm sreÁo¡due 1eq1Á¡realc u/v\\or.ls sel,l r.lueosou ']uotxleol] ]corocur uano ro srsoulelp Fuor¡vr e Fu¡pn¡cur 'slcolJo snorjos o^eq uec'uorlecrunLuuroc ur u^ opleajq e;o 'uorlecrunuujoc o^llcoJJaul z 'tuotl] o] Fulualsll pue Fulllel ¡iq ualpllt,lc rno qlt^ suotlcouuoc Iosolc rlsrlqelsa enn 'sluared se 'qcrq¡n ur ,{e¡n oll} aq plno/v\\ slr.l} }o a¡duexe aldu!s V sacualues puocas 'orec leclpour ¡ilrlenb-qBll,l Jo oJnlea] lerluassa ue sr sluolled rlaqt pue sosrnu 'srolcop uoo/v\\]oq uorlecrunuuroc anrlca¡Jl O 'uorlecrunuuoc onrlcaJJo uo spuadep ssaccns 'alrl ueurnq 1o lcedse Árena ]soule ul C 'uaq] qlrm sdrqsuo!]eloJ Eu¡ruro; Jo pue e¡doed Jor.llo oul ol EulneB lo ]cedse lerluasso ue sr eBenBue¡ uor,uuoc e puelsropun pue os^n o1Á1r¡rqe aql oC +, I(t) .9 'suorlezrueFro eFrel JoLllo pue sarueduoc ulr.lllm sdrqsuorle¡er Eur¡rorn anrlcnpord C ]lE= onarqce o] JopJo ur uorlecrunuuoc Jo sourl pooB L1srlqelso o] lerluosse sr V sacualues Fu¡uedg oE(J '/rtol IoJ Áeq¡ secueluas l{ Fuluedo aql q]!,v\\ sacualuas puocos aqt qclen 'uolleclunuuoc ¡o s¡cedse uo selclye uorl ualel ueeq aheq i-,t, sacualuos puocas pue O-V sacualuas ls¡U Fuyvrollol aql tr l{ .ü al]trv -zted 8ut1ll¡¡

Listening Part 3 +, f {} 1.12 You will hear five short extracts in which people are talking about juvenile crime. .9 For questions 1-5, choose from the list (A-H) what each speaker says. Use the letters only oaU once. There are three extra letters which you do not need to use. §I A Vandals should be punished. Speaker 1 ffffffffffiiiii Fl B Parents are responsible if their children break the law. Speaker 2 C I sympathize with young people. Speaker 3 .ü D Fear of crime affects people's lives. Speaker 4 E I blame the society we live in today. Speaker 5 c, F Young people don't respect anyone. G Parents can't always control their children. 70 H Pressure from others is often to blame. Reading and Use of Engtish Partz 1 You are go¡ng to read an article on page 71 about shoplifting. For questions 7--LO, choose from the sections (A-E).The sections may be chosen more than once. Which paragraph ffffffffffffffffffffiiiiiiiiii states that shoplifters feel they are treated wrongly? explains how some people make a career out of shoplifting? gives the writer's opinion about what should be done about the situation? says that many shoplifters worry about being arrested? suggests that all kinds of people can be shoplifters? gives the most common reason why people consistently shoplift? states that peer pressure often causes some people to shoplift? states the writer's assumption that the reader will agree with his view? says that some shoplifters believe their actions are justified? describes a point of view which is different from the writer's?

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Vocabutary Complete sentences a-d with appropriate words from this Cdme vocabulary list, making any necessary changes. Some words are used L Put the letters in italícs in the correct order to make words more than once. related to crime. The first letter is in bold. arrest bail ;hrrg\"- ;\"r*t court l She was errstead by a store detective as she was leaving death penalty guilty jud$e jury Orobation i the shop and accused of flipgintosh. sentence trial verdict i Some people don't consider ragburly a serious crime. But once you've been re§buld, you never feel entirely safe in i your own home. ln England and Wales, when someone who is suspected He was charged with deepsing - he had been doing sixty in a thirty limit - and krind-§indvir. of __.- a crime is caught, theY are People who get into fights at football matches are not by police officers, taken to a police station, and held in fans, they are looginahs. The gumreg pushed the woman to the ground and ran off custody. After questioning, if the police believe the person with her handbag. is guilty of the crime, they will be formally '-=-- Some people think that painting graffiti is an act of . mailsdanv comparable to smashing up phone boxes. tTohecopnefirrsmonthuesiur anllaymaeppaenadrsadindr-e-s-s. The the next day +) magistrate then .Gooa) decides whether to release them on . (\\ This is a sum of money that someone-_a-grees to pay if up at t{ the person accused of the crime does not show ..rJ É, their . lf the magistrate refuses to grant bail, t-h-e.-person has to stay in prison until the day of their The trial date is usually set several months ahead. lf the crime is serious, then the evidence will be heard by a made uP of twelve men and women. After they have heard all the evidence, they will g¡ve their . The person is found or not Tcoh-eur-t -r-oom. He or is the most important person in the she will decide on the punishment. This could range from _- , where someone who has a minor crime is not sent to prison if they behave well over a period of time, to a life--- for the most serious crimes. The =- for murder was abolished in Great Britain in 1965. However, it still exists in many US states and other countries around the world. @ enrasal verbs with up 3 Complete these sentences with the correct form of one of these verbs and up. i_*:ñ** *_-ll-l!;1\"\"_ a The boy threw a carrier bag at the shopkeeper and ordered her to it . b I was so angry that I the letter c She - into small pieces. the present in pretty gold paper. d 'lf you all your mi-lk, you can have a bar of chocolate,' the woman said to her son. e My desk is in su ch a mess. I suppose I'd better - it Í everyone! Don't let the food get cold' g lt took us three hours to the mess after the party. -, - 72

EL (os¡e ]nq \"' ,i¡uo 1ou) ']UEtu }e aq o] aceld luesee¡d orotu e ]! aleul plnoM ,ieqt 'lr.,tBlu ]e aq o] eceld rales e u/vlo] rno oIeLU plno^ sluol.us^otdu¡ eseql (leutt os) 'auoLl lle/v\\ o] o^ell ],uplnon e¡doad ueql ']LlBlu eul] tnoulFnoJr.ll unr plnol.ls sasnB (ol uotlppe ur) 'uorlels ecllod eL{} o},i¡lcarrp po),lull pue palle}su! aq plnoL.ls seJauec Alcc aJol l 'paseorcul aq plnolls laarls oLll uo sracuJo ec¡¡od Jo raqunu oL,ll (se ¡¡ervr se) 'sltlB¡t olul leE,{aq1 'anl¡e}uaulnBre euocaq e¡doed ouos c (se) 'qcnur oo] FulyuUp dn pue e¡doad euiog 'alel lllun uado are sqnlc pue sreq aql q (pue \"' t|loq) 'ool +J ere e¡doed Euno,{ Áue6¡ '}Llfllu }e ar}uoc u/v\\o} ol¡} olur oE o} perecs ere e¡doed replg e 'slolceJq u! splo/r^ eql Fulsn ocueluas auo se secuelues ¡o r¡ed qcee ol!¡A eu T. .(9) oa (\\ r ]red 8ut1u¡¡ r{ .1J tr fl, 1fl. ,,It ,, r ,, il, ,\" III:.1 . Rue't*áiL1-'rl:, :s/reu o1§AsrJ Á¡du1s CIrLr qclllm elgr,¡¡e*e.ppb,ul ñilou e st o;aql}eq} lr :i,: -:, §¡ s*ege,u.r:1sufi,r i (9,) &?E#sd lfiIs a¡e euo.ffi*l-s*6lleu *áBuo¡ NO.l,l§Nff ' -,,'br$\"siepotu-**p-6ffi ,t.,,,ttllü# +goul a,u} q}[,]r utt¡l sceldsJ s] {r) , tt . :t r,,r::,:,.i.:,ttlt:,,i:l 's§ss$$ , -.::1{§} raxiilffilHüV., '' ' :l ,'ssxgrr -- M p,UE'' .r, iifiüt, ' ü ,á$'rCsew ,affi u+,[epotu ]iA€u e l!]un -*-***-** núe,u:nsee¡d lo asuos pe.rlnbce ongq alrl acuo 'slaFpe ffi láelet *an '1,,, afi1.ulrü,61.e 'ea 'san§eeffipub spuauJ 'srnoqqñtÉtt qg¡n dae{ o} erlsap *no,,,rJt'tffiH,eri¡{+',, , , {§l Úmo ,rño Jo }usujuoJlAue eut,.tO¡'p*eÉgj,,§l§Itr, tFl¡vr -'- ,i :. ' s ufrl*,Eotü ,iftr¡p ::T.-**s.te e-tu\\ 'sanss¡1 pue ssjddqq (a) slttt spoosBulrfi Jalleus ro s¡ec pue (f) ell stuol! aB¡el sl il raq]otlM . : ',d$9.¡6gBI;t¡o,sB ,ec$¡d , Ba*done sletf sl,l 'psn.a¡ pue'q.gr{gg¡,'É3npat, o} sn Jo} ,sffiafiqffi 'u¡ ilAt*n§uo$ t e pgsBq-,st Áe, +f: , ', , u f,nd,tugü,. ,J* '(o) Buluul8eq eq¡ le aldtuexe ue s! ereql 'au!¡ etues eql u! deF eql ul sllt leql pto/rt e tuJoJ of seull eq] lo euos ¡o puo aql le s¡e¡¡dec u! uarlF pto^ aql esn 'A oleq lxal aqt peel'g-tr suo¡¡senb ro¡ T r lred qstl8ul Jo asn pue Eulpeau

Grammar j Alison James said he had transferred the money into my Probability and possibility account, but it still isn't there. L Use a modal verb from the list in an appropriate tense to Will Maybe you didn't §ive him the right account rephrase the parts of the sentences in italics. There may be number. Have you checked? more than one possible answer. The first one is done as an example. k Josh Where's Jane? She said she was coming. Maybe she§ coming later. :*,\"1t {9_yl-1:_,,e1;1__-;[.t- Tom EXAMPLE Was the meal all right? Heather and Dave didn't J¡ll Denise was looking very fed up after the maths eat much. Wife exam. Husband Ilt was veryv nice. Mayvbe theyv weren't hun§ryv. Chris She always gets top marks in maths, though. Maybe it's something else that's bothering her. Sally Well, I suppose it is possible that / misheard the Choose the correct answer in italícs in these sentences. name. /a Joe and Liz can't mustn't have gone on holiday. Dave says he saw them yesterday. Janis said she'd be here by one if she managed Andrew mustn't / can't be tired. He wants to play another to get away. lt's quarter past now, so l'm sure she isn't coming. round of golf. /c Diana may can be coming later. d She can't / mustn't have meant to upset you. Susie ls Alan coming to the party? e You can / could be right, I suppose. Julie Maybe /7/ invite him. I haven't made up my mind yet. Articles +, 3 Complete the gaps in these sentences with a / an,the or A .9 oa(J d Fran if no article is required. a§¡ Julian He was born in United States, but he emisrated to West lndies when he was still a young man. l{ Oh no! This isn't my suitcase! Then you took the wrong one by mistake. ls there a name anywhere? +, new hostel for homeless is being built in town centre. tr Angie Maria tried out that cheese soufflé recipe you =e gave her when we were round on Saturday, but it was a disaster. lt didn't rise. c meal was great-. Thanks for inviting me. Nic§ The oven probably wasn't hot enouSh. d Joyce works as nurse. Her husband is architect. Both their sons are lawyers. 'They've just bou-ght villa by sea.' Lynne Which one's Emma's new boyfriend? 'How many rooms has -villa got? Has it got Liz lt's probably that tall guy over there with the long swimming pool?' - - hair. He's the only one that looks like a musician. Can I have glas-s of water and chees-e sandwich, please? I don't think that's William's jacket, bul maybe l'm 'Have you b-een on holiday yet?-' wrong. 'No, holiday we had booked was cancelled at Man Waiter, this bill is for f100. We only had coffee last minute.'- and sandwiches. l'm sure you've made a mistake. - highest mountain in world is Mount Everest. lt's in Himalayas. i Peter We should be there by now. We've been driving -- for forty minutes. Val said it would only take us twenty minutes after the crossroads. Rob Well, we've obviously taken a wrong turning somewhere. 74

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Vocabulary page 4 Grammar page 7 Vocabulary pase e 7a doing edoing ! a I'm driving ! b make f 've made / made b You're always telling c do g make c belongs 1, sTARE d I work, I'm travelling d to do / doing e I don't usually eat, taste 2 ToE f is expecting 3 4 NoT CE Grammar page s P A LM 7 a must/ should 2 a shines h are visiting 5 GAZ E b have to / need to b seems i knows c must c speak j looks 6 c R AW L d had to e must / need to / should d am trying k get 7 SHoU LDERS f need to e know I /leave are leaving 3 a flat d wide 2 a don't have to f am making m arrive / arriving b freely e lately b needn't g am spending c rough c didn't need to show earm d don't have to / don't need to Writing page 8 4a finger e didn't have to b back f head It is clear that for some of these c tongue g neck people, such experiments with d feet h hair 3 a compulsory d is allowed appearance are successful, (a) but b forbidden e don't have to things can go seriously wrong. Unit 2 c can't Unfortunately, (b) thís can cause Readrng and Use of English great unhappiness and can even ruin 4 When you're twelve, you can / you're people's lives. page 10 It seems that the majority of allowed to buy pets. operations are on people (c) who are 1B 2D 3C 4A 5B 6A simply unhappy with the way they 7B 8A 9D 10C You can't / you're not allowed to buy look. They believe that altering their physical appearance will increase Vocabulary page LL pets until you're twelve. their confidence or make them more 7 a undervalued attractive to other people. They hope When you're thirteen, you can / you're surgery will make it easier for them to b overdressed, underdressed allowed to get a part-time job. make friends or to get a good job. c overgrown (d) Ihere have been many recent d extra-curricular o You can't / you're not allowed to get a reports about cosmetic surgery e overcritical / hypercritical operations that have gone wrong. f extraordinary -v, part-time job until you're thirteen. g overqualified When you're sixteen, you can / you're allowed to leave school. You can't / you're not allowed to leave school until you're sixteen. When you're eighteen, you can / When I heard about these, I wondered why so many people choose to have you're allowed to buy cigarettes. these operations. 2 a A cat which got ¡nto the house (e) Io conclude, I would suggest You can't / you're not allowed to buy that everyone considering cosmetic through an open window set off the surgery should first receive honest ci§arettes until you're ei§hteen. medical advice and be warned about burglar alarm / set the burglar the risks involved. When you're eighteen, you can / (f) There is no doubt that some alarm off. cosmetic operations are necessary you're allowed to vote in elections. for medical or psychological reasons, b We'd better set off early tomorrow. (g) for example for patients who have You can't / you're not allowed to vote been involved in serious accidents. We've got a long way to travel. (h) However, it is clear from the in elections until you're eighteen. number of operations conducted c Recently more and more people every year that most 'patients' are not When you're sixteen, you can / you're in (i) this category. have been setting up their own allowed to become a soldier. Reading and Use of English internet companies. You can't / you're not allowed to d The police set their dogs on the become a soldier until you're sixteen. bank robbers as they tried to When you're seventeen, you can / escape. you're allowed to drive a car. e The terrible rain storms we've had You can't / you're not allowed to drive recently have set back the house- a car until you're seventeen. building programme / set the Reading and Use of Engtish house-building programme back by page 6 several months. 1D 28 3A 48 5C 6D page 8 f I'm going to write to the principal setting out my ideas / setting my ideas out for improvements to the 1A 28 3D 4D 5A 6C school. 7 C 8A 78

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2 a inform you, receive, to be claimed lnt That does sound very innocent. to §radually reduce the amount b Simply write, your chosen items How much money did you of time / spent online, and to c at your convenience actually make? Samble smaller and smaller d they will be reserved, notify us, to Maggie Next to nothing, really - amounts of money each time. At one point I thought about avoid additional charges probably about five pounds a getting together with other e photographs, required documents, week. Playing for money just your identity card will be issued made the game a bit more addicts, but decided against it immediately exciting. Anyway, because lwas lnt in the end. And were you able to follow that convinced that I was a lucky Unit 3 person, I started gambling advice? Maggie Well, eventually,yes, but I can't Vocabutary page 16 online - and strangely I went pretend it was easy. 1, a give back d g¡ving away on winning. Believe it or not, b gave out /e gave in gave uP in my first week, I made over a lnt Did you go on losing money? c give up hundred pounds. Perhaps my Magg¡e Sometimes I won and mistake was that I didn't tell sometimes I lost, but the anyone what I was doin$. I kePt it amounts were never very large, Grammar page 1-o such a good secret. so the impact on my life was not as great as it had been. lnt How much money did you make 1-a3 b7 c2 in the end? lnt After two months I began to get 2 a never got used to Magg¡e ln the first month, I made over bored. Almost without realizing il, I found / was choosin§ to b used to smoke two thousand pounds. The c are used to getting dressed more I won, the more frequently spend my money on c/othes, d get used to driving I played, and it wasn't long e did you use to live before I was playing for three or books, go¡ng to the cinema - four hours every day. things like that. So when was the last time you Listening pase L7 lnt And did you go on winning? gambled? 7C 2A 3C 48 5B 6C 7B Maggie Three years ago. I can't believe Maggie For a while, yes. I was beginning I was so stupid. to think I couldn't lose, so I Int And now you help other PeoPle l¿o Audio script gambled larger and larger sums of money, until one day I lost with the same problem? lnt This evening in our series 'ln my five thousand pounds. Magg¡e Yes, that's ri§ht. I work as experience' our guest is Maggie lnt Five thousand? a volunteer for the same Lyons an adviser to people who Magg¡e Yes, but even then, I thought I'd organization that helPed me. I are addicted to gambling. She win again if I went on playing. use the same method, too. provides support to individuals But over the next few weeks, I lnt And does it always work? and gives talks to local lost more often than I won, until Maggie Usually, yes. The thing is, it community groups. Welcome, I had almost no money left in takes people different lengths of Maggie. the bank. time to kick the habit, but in the Maggie Thank you - hello. lnt So what did you do? end they nearly all do - or they lnt You have not always worked as Magg¡e ln the end / asked my dad for a at /east reduce the¡r gambl¡ng to an adviser, have you? Maggie No, certainly not. / was once loan - I told him I needed a new a levelthey can control. Some addicted to gamblinS myself. car. people are hapPy with that. lnt Can I start by asking you how lnt And nobody advised you to stop? lnt You must find it very rewarding. Magg¡e I do - because I know how you became addicted and, Magg¡e No - because nobody knew. I perhaps more importantly, how dreadful addiction can be. you managed to kick the habit? think my close friends misht Magg¡e Well, let me start by saying it have guessed but didn't know lnt Next, we're going to talk to was a lot more difficult to stop for sure. Anyway, to cut a long than it was to start, lt began someone who is still addicted to story short, eventually I realized in a very innocent way, really. gambling was ruining my life online gambling and ask Maggie A §roup of us at work used to and I decided to look for help. to give her some advice. meet for a game of cards every lnt Where did you go? week. We played for very low Maggie I phoned a helpline and got an Grammar page 17 stakes, but for some reason I appointment with an addiction !a experience e language b lights f exercises almost always won, and sadly, I counsellor. She was brilliant. c noise g room got ¡t into my head that I was a luc§ person. lnt How did she help? d much time Magg¡e She said it was the activity I 2 a bit/ piece / word was addicted to, rather than b bit / piece / sheet c bit / stroke the money, so her advice was 80

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f ,/ Unit 5 either boiling hot or freezing cold - and e will object Vocabulary page 28 the beds were narrow and really hard. I /h are you go¡ng to do will you do woke up with backache every morning. lf 3 a is going to be / will be 1a trip ecrossing you were really unlucky, you'd be sharin§ b am going to faint b tour with someone who snored or be woken c am going c journey f cruise up in the middle of the ni§ht by a ticket d leaves d excursion g voyage inspector. lt wasn't the most restful way e will have worked / will have been to travel. 2adid working b campsite, put up Speaker 3 c landed The worst travelling experience l've ever f will turn d boarded, crew, fasten had was when I was in the States. / g am going to give up e package was flying from Newark to Washin§ton h will be thinking f miss g coach, booked Dulles - about an hour's flight. We set Reading and Use of English h ports, disembarked off late, and then when we were half-way i take page 24 j lanes to Washington, we were told that we couldn't land because of bad weather 1C 28 3D 48 5D 6A k souvenir and we had to turn back. Then, when we got back to Newark, we found that Grammar page 2s all the flights to Washington had been 7 a too, enough c too 3 a pick me up e took off cancelledl We ended up sleeping on the b too d enough b set off f stop over floor of the departure loun§e! We had to c checked in g drop you off complain repeatedly to the Sround staff, 2 b You aren't old enouSh to learn to d see him off d time but eventually they put us on buses to take us to our destination. drive. 4 a seat e parts b tyre f change Speaker 4 c You're walking too slowly to keep c room I don't suppose I could really up with me. recommend hitchhiking as a way of travelling these days, but when I did it, d These new jeans aren't big enough for me. Listening page 2e e My brother lives too far away to it was a common way of getting around on a tight budget. No one gave a second o come for the weekend. 1E 2C 3A 4H 5D thought as to whether it was safe or .v, f I'm too short to reach the top shelf. Extra sentences: B, F, G g I'm not well enou§h to come on holiday with you. Audio script not. When I was in my early twenties, I Reading and Use of English Speaker 1 hitchhiked all round Europe, and never once felt in any sort of danger. I loved it. page 26 Last year, I went to France on a day trip You never got bored because every day was different - you never knew where 7 didn't have (enough) time with some friends. They were taking you were go¡ng to end up, and everY 2 is bound to pass their car and asked if I wanted to come person who gave you a lift was different. You might be picked up by a couple in 3 have arranged a meeting / have along as they had a spare seat. I was an expensive car one day and a farmer quite excited because I'd never travelled driving a tractor the next. arranged to meet 4 has been brought in to France through the Channel Tunnel Speaker 5 I went to China last year with a tour 5 are unlikely ever to go / to ever go before - I'd always gone on the ferry 6 picked it up while / by / when / whilst - and I have to say it was much faster and much more convenient, but it was also quite boring. lt was like being on a Vocabulary page 26 plane with no windows, because there company. I'm not a great fan of was nothing to see except the car in organized holidays as a rule, but if you're t b energetic h fair front and the car behind. I'm not saying going to a country where you don't know c creative i organized d patient j fit I wouldn't use the Tunnel again, but it the language, and you want to see as certainly wasn't what I expected. much of it as you can in a short time, e caring k enthusiastic Speaker 2 then it's a good way to do it. Our guide f brave I hard-working One summer, when I was a student, I was very informative, and we saw an g sociable travelled round Spain by train. I went awful lot, including how people live, m cheerful with a friend and we travelled at ni§ht which was fascinating. But we didn't to save money on accommodation. We stop from seven in the morning till seven Writing page 27 slept in 'literas', which are bunk beds. at ni§ht! /t was a very t¡r¡ng schedule and There were six in each compartment: it involved so much travelling! l'd have 11b 2f 3a 4d three on each side, one on top of liked to spend a week at a beach resort 2a4 b1 c5 d3 e6 f2 the other. The temperature in our at the end to recover. But that's my only compartment was never ri§ht - it was criticism. 82

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Audio script depressed or sad. They also rubbed the Unit 7 affected area against the sides of the Today I'm going to talk about fish and tank and the gravel at the bottom. Ihis Listening pase 40 some recent research into how their appears to be similar to the behaviour minds work. You are probably thinking of people and animals, who also try to 1B 2A 3A 48 5C 6A 7C 'Fish don't have minds, surely?' But that is reduce the intensity of pain in an affected just one of the many wrong ideas people area by rubbing it. Audio script have about fish. Today, I hope to dismiss some of these ideas. The first thing I want However, there is another school of lnt Welcome to today's 'Free Time', to say is that not all fish are the same. thought that says that because fish don't And I'm not talking about the obvious possess a neocortex, that's the outer part the programme which looks at the differences between one species of fish of the brain believed to be responsible for work of unpaid volunteers. Last and another; I'm talking about differences consciousness, they can't feel pain in the week, we heard from Hamid, who within species. lt's been known for a long same way we do. helps to organize a sports club time that animals like cattle and dogs are for children in his neighbourhood. all individuals, and behave differently in Finally, you may be wondering what my Today in the studio we have Jerry, different circumstances; but that's also views are on keeping, for example, a a 2O-year-old student. Jerry, could true of fish. Research has shown that goldfish as a pet. Well, that's not really you start by telling us briefly what some fish are bold individuals who are risk- for me to say, but research shows that kind of volunteering you do? takers, and others are shy and will avoid fish are more conscious creatures than Jerry Of course. I work on a steam taking risks. they were previously thought to be, so railway quite near to where I personally lwould be a§ainst keeping Another wrong idea people have is that them in smallglass bowls. A tank would study. fish have no memory. Unfortunately, certainly be preferable. But put lots of films like the Hollywood blockbuster things in it; change the scenery around lnt A steam railway - that sounds Finding Nemo, which stars a forgetful from time to time. lf you want your fish to fascinating. Tell us more. Jerry Well, as you've probably giuessed, this is not an ordinary modern railway which takes people to and blue fish called Dory, have reinforced this be happy and healthy, the most important from work. lt's actually a historic idea. A f,sh's memory is longer than the thing is that they're stimulated and railway which ori§inally opened three seconds that people credit them interested. in 1-865. /t used to transport coal with. Research has shown that they can Writing page 3e from the mines in the area to the o remember experiences for many months nearest port, which was about .v, after just a little training. One trial involved Music plays an important role in many fifty kilometres away. Ihese days, putt¡ng fish in a bi§ fishing net in a tank, people's lives. Whether it is classical it's mainly a tourist attraction, and moving the net quickly backwards and music, pop music, rock music, jazz or although there is still a daily forwards. The fish had to learn where the opera, we all listen to it at one time or service which takes people from a hole in the net was in order to get out. lt another for a variety of reasons. small village to the nearest town. only took about five trials - that's about Music can certainly affect our mood lnt And what do you do to help with 15 to 20 minutes - for them to learn (,) but the kind of music we listen to will affect our mood differently. Upbeat the running of the railway? it. Ihen when the same fish were tested music generally makes people feet Jercy Well, the only thing I don't do 72 months later, it was found that they'd happy (,) while slow music, particularly if it reminds us of a painful event in our is drive the engines. That's remembered exactly where the escape past, can make us feel sad. specialist work I'm not qualified to do. But / do everything else, route was. lf we are feeling sad or depressed, from selling tickets to passengers music may lift our spirits. However, there There has also been some rather are many other activities people can do. to keep¡ng the station tidy and unusual research done on carp fairly Many people find that doing exercise servin§ in the café. What I like recently. ln this study they played jazz is effective. For other people, spending best is helping to repair and and classical music to the carp. They time with friends has the same positive restore old steam engines. Being trained them to perform one task if they effect on their mood. Being out in the an engineering student, that's heard jazz and a different task if they countryside or by the sea can also work. not too difficult for me to do and I heard c/assica/ music. You may ask how find it absolutely fascinating. But they were able to do that. Well, fish have during the spring and summer, quite a good hearing system, so they can hear the music. But whether it's the there are a hundred and one vibration of the music or the rhythm that To sum up, music may be a good therapy things to do to cater for the helps them to distinguish one kind of for some people when they are feeling visitors. So, §enerally speaking music from the other is not yet known. low, but for others it can have the we do this kind of work out of the Many people ask me whether fish can opposite effect. There are many other tourist season. There's a bit more feel pain. ln one recent study, when the activities which people can do which are lips of live trout were injected w¡th bee equally, if not more, effective. time for it then. venom, they rocked from side to side just Note: The punctuation marks in brackets lnt And how is the railway funded? like some zoo animals do when they're are optional. Jerry We get a small grant from the local council, but most of our 84

98 'asoddns / 'sa//oJs Puoneuolut V8 OL eEueqc s, tsa/otul uew l¡4¡ '¡¡e¡aP ut c9 g9 QV Cg AZ 8T / peEueqc 'pouealc erc / olo/v\\ c selJols uteu oLl] Jo e¡dnoc e pue sau!lpeoL.l 3tl] preall a^,1 UnL.l Se/v\\'Peuaddeq q lrlun poso¡c saÁe Áu qltm oreL,l] peÁo¡dute ete e T. er¡ Á¡¡ensn ¡ 'e¡qtssod se uoos lv eBed JeU.luele se puo/v\\ otl] u! uo Eu¡oE s,]eLuv\\ tt eBed eut] areds I JJo otu!] 3 oul o1 paeu I ']eq] Jo orns qsrl8ul Jo asn pue Eutpee¿ o atu!] Jo olseM p aul] a^es q s^o)1elu lcolc tuJele otPer Á6¡ dn euoc seq J punor Fultuoc ele c llrl o] ol.ul] otul] lo ]no unj 'euuuelBold smeu eltlnonert Atu eI ]o punos aq] o] Icolc,o uo^as punor ouec o ssolce oulec q I,v e?ed Ñe¡nqe3o¡ ]e dn aXeM ¡ s,ieP IroM uO uetuo¡ qlrm dn euoc p ]no ouoc e Z 'L,lcnuJ os ]tst^ rleU] Ful,io[ua I ro] ! r.l]!M o e¡doed Fulees Sutprer*al Áren s,1¡ Áue¡ 1d¡rcs o!pnv LUorJ t,l 'reeÁ eql Jo ]sar aL,l] roJ eBelene uop uo lqFluuo} e acuo ]noqe aroLl] V8 JL Áq 7 tU,l pue Uollece^ leUunS ,{tU c9 v9 3V Ct VZ 8T uo J ]o c Fu¡rnp spuoloo/v\\ ]sotu ereql laE I Lv a?ed flutualSt1 tl]!M q roleT. 'olllol o] ]lelv\\ ],uec ¡ieqt ieql zv a?ed Árelnqeso¡ ¿eroLl] Fu¡¡rom Pueds o1 eBeueu no,i op oultl t.lcnuJ A oH lul Eu¡roq os ore sqol s,e¡doad euoS a 80T O6 V8 CL 'sJruonnos pue spleclsod ,inq uec 'uoalxls C9 V9 8V VT CZ CT srolrstn araL{A 'doqs UIF aql Pue glec oll] s,olaL4] 'oslnoo jo 'PUV ]e looL.lcs ]Jol ],uPeLl Áaq1 qstm Zt eBed Ioqm r.,lstl8ul Jo asn pue Sutpee¿ 'Áem¡ret oLl] Jo ,irolstq palerlsnlll e¡doed Jo tol e Llcns oul P ue oos uec no,{ olal,uv\\ al}uoc 'lsrU Sotls¡ut1 s^,{em¡e aLls ]eL.l] ]se] os sallr^ elpnelc palcaqc rolrsrn e s,olotll 'peltedet Fu¡eq 'uoounojt se/v\\ aLl uaLl^ ,{ltstantun arnsse.ld poolq req ]eE / enet¡ | ]o ssacord eql ut suteJ] [uea]s Plo pauF¡sap ]! peLl ! oos uec no,i e,leqr* spotls eu¡Fue olul loE oL{ }eLl} tlFlq os s¡ §¡ s,uqo¡ oLl] ore aroq] uaLl1 'lnlrapuo^^ 'slreu lseqBlq eq] sleB sÁenn¡e aqs s,]! ),lulL]] spll aq] osrnos lo puv ]eL{} ralJo^ pleLl e Llcns sl elle[ 'wotll to1du\\ et?Plsou Pu e st JOpeOJS/v\\OU F Áeutno[ uu] aLll os - n?unoÁ aten Áeql uaql wuL suul ueals ollsqa^ J )aqwewal s/ol/s/^ unpe aql Jo preoqÁe¡ o auos 'Uod aq] se JeJ se ou!l Plo uMopleaJq p eq] Jo ulBua¡ aloll/v\\ aq] uedo-er roJnlcol Altslentun c o] edoq em 'Á¡¡en1uen3 'reeÁ lxeu autBua L.lcreas q ]uelstsse doqs e Í, ezo uepolsa] se¡ia ,iu EullteB / Fulneul L.l -Y, ]nc ]l FulllaF / 7ul¡e,4 7 ]no uaxe] ]! peq I U/v\\oP ]nc ]! PeLl aM a pauealc ]l BulileB / Fulnetl ue P partedat ]l ]aE / eneq o1 c palerocap Luoorpaq lloU] EulneLl ale q para^tlap ]l FulueB / Fu¡neq ue e t et aFed Ñelnqelo¡ 'IAO/v\\ sarlotuolt).1 o;oLu entrt uado o1 e ecuo t,lslqqnr s,e¡doad (s)lcalloc Euluueld aJ,aM pue 'luauou aLl] lrcunoo aW /,{aul} 'ule}Ug ul o I llun ]e uedo aut¡ Aem¡ter jo sorloulolll 'rotl Ful/v\\ollo] uel s,aloLlI 'uleJ] aLl] uo ,ieulnoI seM ueuloM possoJp-,ileBuells e st lle lo ]ueuodul ]sohl Árra¡ ¿Uels qo[ e ]qBnoq] olEuv ']ueulotu e rol P ¿Aenn¡ter lul Otl] SOOp uOl.Uv\\ 'Sl uOtlsOnb r{¡uo Á6¡ e 'ieBlo} ],uoc ',ieP e acl/v\\] ol.l] aas o] otuoo Aaql ueqm oP 'ouo uo Eop eql peal o1 Paau (tltm) no^ 3 o] sjollslA roJ orolll sl ]eqM puv polrom ronou oneq | 'seuuelBold uroorssels otl] olul 'spua),laa^ u¡-euoqd otper spreBer sY P pool Fu¡rq ]ou ]snu sluapnls / no^ q ]sotu sraolunlo^ uoollu Jo Ar¡ef 'pl!Llc auo a^eL,l '¡nou Eulppo/v\\ all] lecuec ],uec oM os eBelene ue anell a/v\\ ]nq 'leeÁ ¡o lul pue poljletu ue I 'poulocuoc ale 'suorlelrnur eq] ]no luas pue LlclnLlc aul] oL{] uo EutPuadeP setren 1¡ sluoLUlll.utuoc ,{¡tLue¡ ,itl se leJ sv 3 aLl] palooq,{peer¡e a^eL{ oM / Aaqt e z ¿alall] ate noÁ rto ,iueu mo¡1 'sree¿{ ooltl} 'sloalunloA lle ole sn roJ solels pa]lun ol.ll u! polro^ | Eulcunouue aq lll/rl / ecunouue lll/v\\ !' oqur papueLl lo ]soJ eUI 'FuloF :r,afotd eql dea»l 'uorlsanb puocos lnoÁ o] loMSUe ul q ! ol lsnl ewocut Jo lunowe uteuac ']r Áo[ue Á¡¡ear paltnu! ],us! ,/ poltnul ueeq ],useq Ll e paau a^4 os - rcFeuew ssaursnq e pue sJaN)p autFue ol¡l - ]lels | 'uorsr^alo] u! Fullro¡n spreBar sV e Z JAAO ew!t1n] aatql sÁo¡dwa ÁeNlet aql il za 9p r,c €q1 uale] sem 'apeut uaaq oneLl 7 uantB se¡n I sun o ptfi Áuedwoc aLU'slollsln U/v\\OP aYOlq ']UOS OIO/V\\ A s? eBed 8ur1rr¡¡ ]qFnec sem 'Paute/v\\ se/v\\ P ulol¡ ,i¡lcellp souloc otuocul

I've listened to this programme 5 Man Oh! But I've asked the for as long as I can remember decorator to come round. Man I'd never really thought of - so long, in fact, that I now the internet as part of the Woman What time? think of the main newsreaders media - but then one of my Man Well, I asked him to come first almost as friends. colleagues told me about all the thing. He said he'd be here by 2 newspapers you can get online. nine. That'll be okay, won't it? I subscribe to the New York Woman l'm not sure. The ferry leaves at lnt Can I ask you a few questions about the newspapers you Iimes - which means I get sent ten and it takes about an hour read? the online version as an email to get there. every day. lt's fantastic. / m Man Certainly, what would you like to Man Hmm - that could be a problem. know? totally amazed that anyone sti// Woman Can't we ask him to come next buys the paper. You can even lnt Well first of all, do you read a find out background information week? newspaper every day, or only Man We could - but l'd prefer to rin§ occasionally? by following the links at the ends him and see if he can §et here a of the stories. lt's certainly a bit earlier. Man Every day. Actually, I read two papers - the News Daily on the quick and easy way of finding Woman Well, it's worth a try. way to work and the Financial out what's go¡ng on in the world. Vocabulary pase 48 Times when I get to work. lnt When you're reading the News 6 L a goes by d going on Man Daily, what do you read first? b go after Well, I glance atthe main Woman Did you see the film on Channel e go up stories, then turn to the back 29 last night? c go through f go along with Man No, we haven't got satellite TV. Woman Really? You don't know what and read the day's sports news. you're missing. Reading and Use of Eng[ish 3 Woman I have to admit, I love those Man How many channels can you page 48 get? magazines that tell you all about Woman Ei§hty-three at the moment, but 1B 2A 3D 4D 5D 6A celebrities, you know, film stars, it's §oing up to one hundred and singers, TV personalities. I love fifty next year. Grammar page 50 finding out the details of their Man I don't think I could cope with all 1, a 'Hurry up. We're going to be late.' private lives: who's having an that choice. /t's bad enou§h at b 'Do you think I should wear my o affair with who, who's bought the moment, having sx channels long dress or my short stripy one / an expensive new house, who's .Y expecting a baby. Most of all, to choose from. dress?' 4 I like read¡ng about what's Woman You'd get used to rt. happening in my favourite soap Man l'm not sure I'd want to get c 'l think you should wear your black operas.l know some people dress. / Why don't you wear your pretend they aren't interested used to it - especially if §reater in this kind of thing but I don't black dress?' believe them. I think everyone's choice meant poorer quality curious about how the rich and d 'l can't. lt's at the dry-cleaner's.' / famous live their lives. programmes. 'l can't because it's at the dry- 7 cleaner's.' Woman I've recently read some research e 'l don't care what you wear, but if which may come as no surprise to teachers and parents of small we're late, I might lose my job.' children, but which was certainly 2 a Delia said (that) she'd love to and Teenage I hardly ever watch TV. news to me. The basic finding asked him what time it started. boy I'm probably not typical of is this: the more often parents Paul replied that it started / would someone my age, but I find read to their children from a very start (at) about ten but that she most programmes completely early age, the greater the effect could come when she liked. on their language skills, such predictable. I §et very bored as reading and speaking. lt was b Delia said (that) she'd been invited watching'N - l'd much rather be to Paul's party. Angie asked when actually doing somethinS. So, for found that reading to children it was. example, / spend a fair amount six or seven times a week puts Delia replied that it was on of time playing football or them almost a year ahead of Saturday. She added that she didn't swimming. The only programmes those who are not read to on a want to go but (she) couldn't say no. I try to watch regularly are music regular basis. lt's clear that this Angie suggested that Delia should programmes - | try to catch the will §ive children who are read to phone him / Paul on Saturday and a massive advanta§e. charts every week. But I can say (that) she didn't feel well. 8 honestly say, I never watch the c Paul's mother warned him not news or documentaries. Most of Man What time do we need to leave to make too much noise. She all I hate game shows - they're in the morning? added that she didn't want any Woman Half past ei§ht at the latest. complaints from the neighbours. just so middle-aged. Paul promised (that) he wouldn't. 86

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Vocabu[ary page 53 c The golden eagle, whose eggs are Reading and Use of Engtish t a to f about, to stolen by unscrupulous collectors, page 57 b in g against con is now an endangered species. 1, f. international 5 sisht d to hon 2 medical 6 strengthening ein d What's the name of the girl who / 3 donation 7 blindness i to, between 4 knowledge 8 treatment j to that got married to Chris Small? ls 2 a make, with f takes, for it Louise? e Can you think of any reason why he b making, from g take, in m¡ght have done it? Writing page 57 c take, off h make, of f I don't know of any restaurants d make, for i take, at e made, with where you can get a decent meal t a lf parking in the town centre were Reading and Use of Engtish for under Lts. made more expensive, people g What's the name of that singer misht be encouraged to leave their whose record was number one last cars at home. month? The one who / that writes b A park-and-ride scheme could be page 55 his own songs. introduced. A car park could be built outside the town with cheap 1D 2C 3A 48 5C 6B h United's second goal, which was parking, and free transport could scored in the final minute, won Vocabutary page 55 them the cup. be provided into the town centre. 1, observation / observer, prediction, i Sally's going out with someone who c More bicycle racks, where bikes can definition, explanation, reaction, / lhal she met at Jason's party. be left safely, should be installed. j Not surprisingly, we never got /variation variely, behaviour, d Cars could be banned from go¡ng performance / performer, occurrence, back the things which / that we'd into the town centre altogether and suggestion, fluctuation, eruption reported stolen. only bikes, taxis and buses (be) Grammar page 56 k We'll be staying at the Seaview allowed. Hotel, which is on the seafront. e lf the suggested changes were I The best time to go to Scotland is implemented, the amount of June, when the weather is warmer. 7 a Non-defin¡ng: The word 'smo§', pollution in the town centre would m I've decided I don't like the shoes be reduced. which was coined in the early 2oth which / lhal I bought on Saturday. Unit 10 .oy century, combines the words n The Hilton is expensive, which is 'smoke' and 'fog'. Reading and Use of English what you'd expect. After all, it is a b Non-defining: ln the late 1-9th page 59 five-star hotel. century, London, which was known 1D 2A 3B 4C 5D 6A o The girl over there who / that is 7C 8B 9B 10C as 'The Big Smoke', suffered talking to John used to go to my almost constant foggy conditions. school. c Defining d Defining 3 Sentences e, i, j, m e Non-definin§: Because of the poor 4 a The guest house we stayed at visibility, which was often less than when we were in Prague was risht Vocabutary page se one metre, dozens died in road in the city centre. 77a dessert bdesert 2a compliment bcomplement accidents. b The couple we shared our table at 3a stationary bstationery lunch with were from Poland. / The 4a effect f Non-defining: These days smog, baffect couple we shared our table with at 5a economical beconomic which particularly affects people 6a principle bprincipal who have respiratory problems, lunch were from Poland. 2a on d off is mainly caused when fuel c The travel agency we booked our boff c with e up emissions from cars react with holiday through was excellent. sunli§ht in humid, still atmospheric f up d The tour, which we had heard so conditions. 3 a gamble e advice much about, was definitely worth b blame g Defining c interest f dislike h Defining go¡ng on. d seat i Defining g offence 2 a The 10.05 from London to Norwich, e The audio guide, which we would which is due to arrive at Platform have been lost without, was 1, will call at Colchester, lpswich available in several languages. and Norwich. f The holiday we'd looked forward to so much was over too soon. Grammar page 6o b We'll have the party next Friday, Lahad which is the day when / that he b hadn't gone c could comes out of hospital. d would put 88

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Audio script or email, but there's something it was rush hour - the road was t very special about writing incredibly busy. old-fashioned letters. Woman I think the British use more Man So what did you do? gestures than they used to. 4 Woman ljust waited and hoped It may be partly because we someone would stop and Man And remember, when you're come into contact with other answering the interviewer's help me. The thing is, I've nationalities more often than in questions, look them never changed a tyre before. the past - you know, on foreign in the eye. Eventually, thank goodness, a Woman I find it quite difficult to keep police car stopped. holidays, or when we see eye contact for longer than foreigners on television. I think 7 we've got used to seeing people a few seconds. I feel quite Woman I took early retirement from gesturing, and we've started embarrassed. work because of illness and doing it ourselves. I remember decided to do a course in Man You need to practise doing when / was a child lthought il. Obviously, you've got to be creative writing at our local anyone who moved their hands careful not to look as if you're university. lt was just for fun, and arms about when they were starin§, so that means not really - and to keep myself talking was very odd. Now I'd opening your eyes too wide. occupied - I never thou§ht l'd say it's much more common. Woman What about blinking? ls it OK to get anything published. The 2 blink? course lasted two years and towards the end they invited lnt Do you think you could tell Man Yes, of course. lt's not some us something about how you kind of competition to see a number of literary agents to learned Thai? who's the first to blink. lt's just meet us. During the second Man Of course. lt was when I a way of showins that you're year, I wrote the first draft of a interested in the person you're story connected with my family was worklng as a teacher in talking to. and one of the agents seemed Bangkok. Int Did you have lessons or did you 5 interested. We met a couple more times and he decided to just pick it up? Man I wouldn't say I'm a particularly take me on. And the rest, as they say, is history. My second Man Both. I lived with a Thai family, honest person - it's just that novel's coming out next month. I'm just not very good at lying. I and I also went to evening o can still remember the first lie I classes at a local college. .v, lnt Did the family teach you? ever told. I was about six at the 8 Man Not exactly, but I certainly time. I had some medicine for a Woman We're open every day except learned from them. Even though sore throat and I hated the taste Sundays. they could speak English very of it. My mother promised she'd Man OK - and how do I become a well, I insisted that they always take me shopping as soon as I'd member? spoke to me in Thai. That way I had this horrible medicine. So I Woman lf you complete this form and was forced to use the lansuase. hid the medicine at the back of bring it back here, we'll issue lnt And the evening classes? a cupboard and told my mother you a card. Man They helped of course, but I'd taken il. About five minutes Man And what does that entitle me I found the grammar quite after we got back from the shops to? difficult. my mother found it. She wasn't Woman lt allows you to use all of our 3 angry - just really upset. I'll facilities and to take out three Woman I've known Maggie since we never forget the look on her books at a time for up to two were at school together. We've face. weeks. met regularly ever since. One 6 year she'll come and stay with Man And can I access the internet Woman lt was awful - ljust didn't know here? me, and the next l'll visit her. what to do. Woman Yes, we have a computer suite And we've had a few holidays Man Didn't you have your mobile with together. And on top of that you? on the first floor. we've always written resular /etters. We've been doing it now Man Great! And how much is all this? for over forty years. We've only Woman Yes, I did, but the battery was Woman At the moment, there's no ever missed a couple of letters: flat. once when I was away on Man What about the emergency charge if you live locally, but there may be a fee for internet phones? There's usually one of usage in the future. those about every 500 metres. Man Thank you very much. holiday and once when Maggie Woman I could probably have reached one, but I was worried about was in hospital having one of leaving the car and walking her children. We've thought around outside on my own. And about changing to the phone 90

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Speaker 5 d ln addition to increasing the You have to realize that these young people haven't got much money and number of police officers on the so there is a limited number of things street, more CCTV cameras should they can do. They can't afford to go to be installed and linked directly to the cinema or go bowling, or at least the police station. not very often. They are too young to go to pubs or nightclubs. They want to e Buses should run throuShout the be with other young people their own age, but they don't want to be stuck at night so that people wouldn't have home. So what do they do? Hang about to walk home. in the street, meet up with other young people and get into trouble quite simply f Not only would these improvements because they are bored. make our town a safer place to be at night but also a more pleasant place to be (at night). Grammar page 7 4 Reading and Use of Engtish t a lcould/mighthave b she can't be / mustn't be page 70 c I mi§ht d must have taken t 1D 2A 3E 48 5E 6B e can't have been / mi§ht not have 7C 8A 9C 10D been / must not have been f lt must be Vocabutary page 72 g I could / might be h You must have t a arrested, shoplifting i we must have b burglary, burgled j You mi§ht not have given him c speeding, drink-driving k She could / might / must be d hooligans I lt could / might / must be e mugger f vandalism 2 a can't d can't b can't e could o 2 a committing, arrested, charged c may .v, b court, bail, trial, trial c jury, verdict, guilty, guilty 3 a the b A / The, the, the d jud§e, probation, committed, c The d a,an,A sentence, death penalty e a, the, the, a f a,a 3 a fill it up g o, the, the b tore the letter up c wrapped up h The, the, @,lhe d drink up e tidy it up 4a a (6) f a, a (9) f Eat up g clear up b The, the (10) b6 a,al) Reading and Use of English c an (1) h A, tne 12¡ page 73 d a, a, a (g) i a (5) L L household 5 achievement e an, a (3) j a, @ (4) 2 disposable 6 possession(s) 7 unwanted Vocabutary page 75 3 financial 8 functional 4 equipment Writing page 73 7 a sot away with b is / was getting on 7 a Both older people and many young c didn't get on people are scared to go into the d get away town centre at night. e get me down b As the bars and clubs are open f §ot by until late, some people end up g get over drinking too much. h Sot out c As well as becoming argumentative, some people get into fights. 92