Arduino For Dummies

Index 431 Nokia, 167 parts and components for Arduino, Nokia 6100 screen, 296 417–419 noTone function, 155 NPN-type transistor, 127 passive infrared (PIR) sensor, 271 numberToDisplay variable, 333, 334 passive resistors, 72 numReadings variable, 231 patching, 11–12 nylon gears, 354 PCA9685 chip, 339–341 PCB (printed circuit board), 7, 89, 194 •O• PDIP (plastic dual in-line package), 316, 317 Pduino, 361 Ogg Vorbis, 294 pendulums in motion, 165–166 Ohm, Georg Simon (physicist), 77 perfboard, 204 ohms, 69, 72, 77, 89 phone switchboards, 11 Ohm’s Law, 77–79 photo diodes, 30 ON LED, 23 photo resistors, 30 1 values, 115, 328 physical computing, 9 Oomlout (design house), 28, 31, 414 PhysicalPixel sketch opacity, changing of in Processing, 374 open button, 40 setting up, 380–382 open source software, 15–16 understanding Arduino sketch, 385–387 open-collector, 273 understanding Processing sketch, openFrameworks (programming language), 382–385 178, 360, 363 PIC microcontroller, 7, 9 OpenGL, 363 piezo buzzer, 30, 146–148 optocouplers, 65 piezo element, 164 orange, as indicative of core function, piezo sensors, 247–248 piezo speaker, 308 54–56 piezoelectric buzzer, 146 O’Shea, Chris (developer), 178 pin current limitations, 80 outputs pin parameter, 55 pinMode, 55, 104, 237 described, 15 PIR (passive infrared) sensor, 271 fixing of to enclosure, 206 pirSensor pin, 276 inverting of, 105 pitches.h file, 150–152 ledPin (pin 13) as, 104 pitches.h tab, 150, 153, 257, 258 motors. See electric motors PitchFollower sketch, 156–160 outputValue variable, 120–121 plan chests, 171–172 oxidation, in soldering, 185, 193 plastic dual in-line package (PDIP), 316, 317 plated-through hole (PTH) chip, 19 •P• Playground. See Arduino Playground pliers, needle-nose, 63, 67–68 P2N2222A transistor, 127 plumbing valves, automated, 123 packages, 19 PNP-type transistor, 127 packaging your project, 205–207 Poke (creative company), 169 paper tape, packaging of resistors Poke London, 169, 171 polarity on reel of, 89 button with polarity flipped, 106 changing, 123, 124, 146

432 Arduino For Dummies polarity (continued) installing, 362 DC motors as not having, 125 making virtual button, 377–387 LEDs as having, 84 playing with interaction, 374–376 as marked on top of board, 347 sending multiple signals, 396–406 reverse polarity, 23 showing results on bar graph using, 227 some piezos as having, 148 taking look at, 364–365 swapping of, 107 toolbar, 365 testing of, 346 trying first sketch with, 365–376 view of, 361 Pololu (supplier), 344 Processing Graph sketch, 390–396 portable soldering iron, 181, 182–183 Processing PhysicalPixel sketch, 382–385 positive (+), 64, 75, 83, 142 Processing SerialCallResponse sketch, potentiometers (pots), 30, 32, 107, 108, 399–401, 403–406 110, 119, 133, 142, 202, 229, 387 Processing-to-Arduino communication, 385 potValue variable, 135 programming languages power (P) C, 50, 52, 153, 352, 360 calculating, 80 C++, 360, 363 colors of, 86 Java, 360 as important to color code, 94 Max/MSP, 164, 361 power pins, 20, 22 Max/Pure Data, 360–362 power rail, 64 openFrameworks, 178, 360, 363 power strip, table top, 180 PureData, 361 power supply progress bar, 48 bench-top, 345 projects. See also specific projects efficiency of, 353–354 packaging of, 205–207 external, 22–23, 56, 93, 206, 346 securing board and other elements, 207 fixed, 346 wiring of, 206–207 modified external, 345 Proto Shield Kit, 194, 201 multi-voltage, 346 Proto Shield Kit Rev3, 291–292 for soldering workspace, 180–181 Proto-PIC (supplier), 28, 31, 414 pre-made multicore jump wire packets, 67 Proto-PIC Boffin Kit, 31 Premier Farnell Group, 417 ProtoScrew Shield, 292–293 pressure pads, 253, 254 ProtoSnap kit, 27 pressure sensors, 252–254 prototyping printed circuit board (PCB), 7, 89, 194 Arduino as device for quick, 42, 359 Pro 328 - 3.3V/8Mhz, 301 Arduino Nano 3.0 as ideal for, 26 Pro Micro -3.3V/8Mhz, 301 of circuit on solder-less breadboard, 201 probes, on multimeter, 69, 70 of circuits on breadboards, 64 Processing (open source software) described, 63 applet displaying virtual pixel, 382 mechanical joints as great for, 179 changing color and opacity with, 372–374 Skube project as example of using described, 9, 360–361 drawing a graph, 387–396 Arduino for, 163 drawing shapes, 368–372 prototyping tools, 63–69 influence of on Arduino, 10, 15, 39 PTH (plated-through hole) chip, 19

Index 433 Puckette, Miller (software developer), 361 Reas, Casey (developer), 9, 360 pull-down resistor, 58, 243 rechargeable lithium batteries, 168, 301 pull-up resistor, 243 rectifier diodes, 30 pulse width modulation (PWM), 22, 92–93, red 120, 132, 141, 237 as color of positive (+), 64, 86 pulseIn function, 281 as possible color of power, 94 pulselen variable, 352 reed switch, 164 PureData (programming language), 361 registerWrite function, 336 Push Snowboarding project, 167–169 relaying back data over network, 173 pushButton pin, 276 relays, 31 pushbuttons RelChron Ltd., 414 remote controls, 206 on Button circuit, 101 reset button, 24 complexity of, 242 resistance, 69, 72–73, 94 as components in beginner’s kit, 30 resistor color charts, 87–89, 94 costs of, 242 resistor values, 94 in DigitalReadSerial sketch, 113 resistors in Good Night Lamp, 175 built-in pull-down resistor, 58 in simple circuit diagram, 82–83 color bands on, 88–89 soldering of, 200–201 as components in beginner’s kit, 30 where to use, 242–243 fixed, 30 PWM (pulse width modulation), 22, 92–93, general rule when choosing, 319 light-dependant, 30, 228 120, 132, 141, 237 packaging of, 89 pwm object, 350, 351 passive, 72 PWR (source of power), 64 photo, 30 reading value of, 72 •Q• in simple circuit diagram, 82, 84 variable, 30, 72, 107, 116 quad flat package (QFP), 316 Restriction of Hazardous Substances Quad-band Cellular Duck Antenna SMA, 306 quotation marks (“ “), 121 Directive (RoHS), 185 reverse current, 126–129 •R• reverse polarity, 23 reverse voltage, 79 Radiation Sensor Board, 307–308 RGB LCD Shield w/16 x 2 character display, Radio Shack (retailer) (US), 14, 182, 206, 295–296 247, 346 RoboSavvy (supplier), 28, 414–415 range finders, 277–278 RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Rapid (electronics distributor), 29, 418 raw sensor value, 111 Substances Directive), 185 reading variable, 220 Ross, Dickon (author) readings array, 231 .readPin function, 265 Electronics For Dummies, 75 read-write heads on hard disks, 123 RS Components (electronics distributor), 29, 206, 304, 344, 417 RX LED, 23, 48

434 Arduino For Dummies •S• sensorValue variable, 110, 111, 120, 237, 238 safety goggles, 193 save button, 40 serial, 112 schematics Serial (Arduino board), 18 serial communication, 116 AnalogInput circuit, 108 serial communication library, 382 Arduino with LED connected to pin 13, 378 serial connections, 46 circuit to fade an LED, 95 serial monitor, 112, 117, 226 dimmer circuit, 118 serial monitor button, 40, 115, 119 of diode, 125 serial monitor window, 115 LED controller circuit, 320 serial peripheral interface (SPI), 299, 310 potentiometer input, 388 serial port, 45, 159 of pushbutton circuit, 102, 114 serial port object, 383 PWM Driver board, 348 Serial.begin, 116 two analog inputs and one digital, 397 Serial.list, 383 for using one 74HC595, 331 Serial.print, 306 screen burn, 172 Serial.printIn, 116, 121 screw terminals, 206, 207 Serial.read, 336 SD card reader, 293, 294 series, current as measured in, 71 SD cards, 293, 303, 304, 310 Servo City (US), 354 SD library, 310 servo library, 140, 145, 310 SE-10 (PIR sensor), 273 servo motors Seeduino (board), 26 Seeed Studio (open hardware facilitation buying, 353–354 as components in beginner’s kit, 31 company), 26, 308, 416 with control knob, 143 Seeed Studio blog, 309 controlling, 142–146 sensing with style, 258–267 getting to know, 136 sensorMax variable, 237, 238 servo object, 140, 145 sensorMin variable, 237, 238 Servo Shop (UK), 354 sensorPin, 238 Servo.h (servo library), 140, 145, 310 sensors servonum variable, 351, 352 servos, 339–340 ambient sensor, 283 set LED on, 56 calibrating, 233–239 setServoPulse function, 351 capacitive sensors, 258 setup function, 52, 53, 54, 97, 266, 281 costs of, 242, 247–248, 253, 259, 268, 272, 74HC595 pins, 329 74HC595 shift register, 65, 327, 328–330 277, 283 Shamieh, Cathleen (author) force sensors, 252–254 Electronics For Dummies, 75 infrared proximity sensor, 277 Shape (supplier), 277 load sensors, 252–254 shapes, drawing, 368–372 passive infrared (PIR) sensor, 271 shields pressure sensors, 252–254 as additional boards, 20 pushbuttons. See pushbuttons assembling, 194–197 smoothing of, 227–233 considering combinations of, 290–291 ultrasonic range finder, 277 costs of, 291–305, 307 sensorVal variable, 246

Index 435 documentation of, 309 software framework, 363 looking at, 289–309 SoftwareSerial library, 310 reviewing the field, 291–308 solar panel, 23 staying current with, 308–309 solder, 185–186 shift register, 327, 334, 338 solder fumes, 181, 186, 193 shifting in, 338 solder joint, as pyramid-shaped, 200 shiftOut function, 334, 337 solder stations, 181, 184–185 shiftOutCode solder sucker, 190, 191 implementing, 329–333 solder wick, 190–191 tweaking, 334–335 soldered circuit board, 180 understanding, 333–334 soldering shopping, 27–29. See also suppliers short circuit, 75, 127 acquiring technique, 197–201 short leg (cathode or -), 57 adhesive putty, 187 shortcut, creating, 36 assembling shield, 194–197 signal wire, 94 assembly, 196 signals, sending multiple, 396–406 choosing soldering iron, 181–185 SIM card, 306, 307 cleaning soldering iron, 193 sine waves, 146–147 don’t eat solder, 193 single-core equipment wire, 66, 191 equipment wire, 191–192 single-line comment, 52 eye protection, 193 SK Pang (supplier) (UK), 28, 413 fixed-temperature soldering iron, 181–182 sketch twice, solder once, 202 getting what you need for, 180–192 sketches. See also specific sketches handling soldering iron, 192–193 as made up of lines of code, 51 header pins, 196–197 as names of Arduino programs, 10, 39 I2C PWM/Servo Driver board, 342–343 in Processing compared to in Arduino, 382 laying out all pieces of circuit, 195–196 tweaking, 59 as making project last longer, 65 uploading, 47–49, 91–92 multimeter, 189 working with first Arduino sketch, 41–50 needle-nose pliers, 189 skip/dumpster diving, 419 portable soldering iron, 182–183 Skube project, 163–165 safety, 192–193 SMA connector, 306 temperature-controlled soldering iron, SMD (surface mount device) chip, 19 smoothing function, 266 183–184 smoothing of sensors, 227–232 third hand/helping hand for, 186–187 Smoothing sketch, 228–233 tinning the tip, 198–199 snowboarding project, 167–169 understanding, 179–180 sockets, on multimeter, 69 ventilation while, 193 software wire cutters, 188 configuring, 45–47 wire strippers, 188–189 GitHub as repository of, 260 soldering gun, 179 open source, 15–16. See also Processing soldering iron, 179–185, 192–193, 198 solid core wire, 203 (open source software) sound symbol, on multimeter dial, 73 Processing. See Processing (open source sounding a tone, 68, 73, 146 sounding devices, 30 software)

436 Arduino For Dummies sounds Tangible User Interface module, 163 with piezo, 247 tap sensor, 164 playing of. See noises tape as way to detect presence, 282 paper tape, 89 Source (Emitter), 127 Velcro-type tape, 207 source of power (PWR), 64 tax benefits, for using lead-free solder, 185 SparkFun Color LCD Shield, 296 Technobots (supplier), 28, 344, 414 SparkFun Electronics (distributor) (US), 26, temperature changes, 272 temperature for soldering iron, 198 27, 28, 293, 294, 295, 297, 300, 302, 304, temperature sensors, 30 306, 308, 344, 355, 363, 410, 416 temperature-controlled soldering iron, 181, SparkFun Electronics blog, 309 Speak & Spell (device), 13–14 183–184 speaker, on multimeter dial, 73 terminal blocks, 206 speed, changing/controlling of on motor, test leads, 69 130–136 testing presence, 282–286 SPI (serial peripheral interface), 299, 310 text editor, 40 SPI library, 310 TFT (thin-film transistor), 296 spinning, of DC motor, 125–130 TFT Touch Shield, 296 Spitz, Andrew (developer), 163, 165 Theremin, Léon, 156 sponge (for soldering), 198 Theremin circuit, 157 Spotify, 165 the Theremin, 156 square brackets ([]), 231 thermal printers, 176 square wave, 146–147 thin quad flat package (TQFP), 316, 317 stackable headers, 196 thin-film transistor (TFT), 296 Start Kit for Arduino (ARDX), 31 third ground by pin 13, 22 StateChangeDetection sketch, 221–227 third hand/helping hand, 186–187, 197, 342 Stepper library, 311 thisPin variable, 322, 323 stripboard, 204, 207 thisReading variable, 231 stroke, 384 tick sound, 146 style, sensing with, 258–267 tilde (~), 22 suffixes, 379 TimerOne/Timer 1 library, 313, 314 suppliers, 27–29, 413–416, 418–419. See TinkerKit, 300 also specific suppliers tinning the tip (soldering), 198–199 surface mount device (SMD) chip, 19 tip cleaner (soldering), 199 Sweep sketch, 137–142 TLC5940 chip, 338 sweeping movements, 137–142 toggle buttons, 242 switches, compared to buttons, 242 Tomlinson, Benjamin (developer), 178 symbols tone, sounding of, 68, 73, 146 for integrated circuit (IC), 85 tone function, 160 for simple circuit diagram components, 82 toneKeyboard sketch, 254–258 syntax errors, 129 toneMelody sketch, 147–153 toolbar, 39–40 •T• tools, for prototyping, 63–69 torque, 353 tabs, 121, 150 total variable, 231 Tai, Steven (colleague of author), 185 total1 variable, 265

Index 437 TQFP (thin quad flat package), 316, 317 unsigned long, 214 transistor circuit, 128, 133, 134 upload button, 40, 48 transistors, 31, 127 USB (universal serial bus), 112 trenches, 64–65 USB A-B cable, 22, 30, 34, 56 triangle waves, 146–147 USB ports, 127 tri-board, 204 USB socket, 22, 45 troubleshooting USB/DC Lithium Polymer battery charger not seeing any lights, 23–24 by Adafruit, 301 not seeing blinking L, 49 UVA (United Visual Artists), 165, 167 turquoise, color of official Arduino board, 26 tutorials •V• Adafruit Motor/Stepper/Servo Shield, 299 GPS Logger Shield Kit v1.1, 303 V&A Village Fete, 177 I2C, 296 vacuum pickup tool, 184 integrating addressable LED ribbon, 355 val variable, 145 Joystick Shield, 298 van der Vleuten, Ruben (developer), 163 MIDI, 295 variable resistors, 30, 72, 107, 116 MP3 Player Shield, 294–295 variables RGB LCD Shield, 296 shiftOutCode, 331 described, 52–53 TFT Touch Shield, 296 global variables, 215 WiFi Shield, 305 integer variables, 97 XBee 1mW Chip Antenna - Series 1 local variables, 215 Velcro-type tape, 207 (802.15.4), 304 ventilated environment, 193 Tweets, 26 verify button, 39, 47 tweets projects, 169 Verplank, Bill (designer), 8 twisting wire connectors, 206 VGA-compatible display, 298 Twitter, 26, 169 vibration, measurement of, 248 TX LED, 23, 48 Vin (voltage in), 22 typos, 245 Vitamins Design Ltd., 167, 169 void, 53–54 •U• void loop (section of code), 51, 53, 54 void loop function, 56 UHU (company), 187 void setup (section of code), 51, 53, 54 Ultraleds (supplier), 419 voltage (v) ultrasonic range finder, 277–278 AC voltage, 70 unbroken tone, 73 DC voltage, 70 United Kingdom, Arduino suppliers in, 28, 5v as required for Uno, 56 forward voltage, 79, 94 413–415, 418, 419. See also Maplin; SK generated when electronic instrument Pang United States, Arduino suppliers in, 28, 415, generates sound, 12 416, 419. See also Adafruit Industries; measuring of in a circuit, 70–71 Radio Shack; SparkFun Electronics probe for measuring, 69 United Visual Artists (UVA), 165, 167 relationship among voltage, current, and universal serial bus (USB), 112 unsigned int values, 352 resistance, 77

438 Arduino For Dummies voltage (v) (continued) openFrameworks, 363 resistor function, 58 Processing, 360 reversals of, 125 Windows 7, 34 reverse voltage, 79 Windows 8, 34 7-12v as recommended for Uno R3, 23 Windows Media Audio (WMA), 294 as supplied to circuit through positive Windows Vista, 34 end of battery, 76 Windows XP, 34 testing of, 346 WingShield Industries, 292 voltage in (Vin), 22 wire cutters, 188 Wire library, 311 voltage in (Vin), 22 wire strippers, 188–189, 203 volume control knob, 106, 116 Wire.h library, 350 VWHz socket, 69 Wireless Proto Shield, 303–304 Wireless SD Shield, 303–304 •W• Wiring board, 7, 9–11 Wiring project, 9 Watson, Theo (developer), 363 WMA (Windows Media Audio), 294 watts (P), 75, 77, 80 workshops on Arduino, 412 Wave Shield, 293 workspace waves, 146–147 preparation of general workspace, 32 wearable electronics, 27 for soldering, 180–181 WEEE (European Union Waste Electrical and •X• Electronic Equipment Directive), 185 Weller solder stations, 184 XBee 1mW Chip Antenna - Series 1 Westaway, Adrian (cofounder Vitamins (802.15.4), 304 Design Ltd.), 167 XBee wireless module, 27, 164, 176, 303, whichPin variable, 337 304 whichState variable, 337 while loop, 237 •Y• white, as possible color of power, 94 White Tack (adhesive putty), 187 YouTube, 411 WiFi library, 311 WiFi Shield, 305–306 •Z• Windows zero indexing, 144 installing Arduino, 34–36 0 values, 115, 328 libraries, 312 Max/Pure Data, 361 menu bar in, 39 naming of serial ports, 45