computer suvenir

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wWwRUvj Bqvs-÷vi cyi®‹vi D‡Øvab Ges wWwRUvj Bqvs-÷vi‡`i cyi¯‹vi cÖ`vb Dcj‡ÿ wd« Kw¤úDUvi †Uªwbs‡qi kZZg K¨v¤úvm †h D‡`¨vM wb‡q‡Q Zvi Rb¨ Zv‡`i‡K AvB AvB Gm wUÕi cÿ †_‡K mvayev` RvbvB| e¨v‡Pi D‡Øvab Ges wWwRUvj `yb©xwZ‡ivamn mgv‡R ¯^”QZv I Revew`wnZv cÖwZôvi KvjPvi M‡o Bqvs-÷vi cyi¯‹vi Kg©m~wP mgvR †Zvjv K¨v¤úvmÕi Kw¤úDUvi wkÿvi g~j jÿ¨| Avgv‡`i †`k‡K cÖMwZ‡Z GK gvBj djK `yb©xwZgy³ Ki‡Z n‡j, wWwRUvj evsjv‡`k Mo‡Z n‡j, cÖ‡Z¨K gvby‡li wfZi we‡eK‡eva‡K RvMÖZ Ki‡Z n‡e| KviY miKvi ev K¨v¤úvmÕi g‡Zv GKK cÖwZôv‡bi c‡ÿ mgvR †_‡K `yb©xwZ `~i Kiv nvwee Djøvn m¤¢e n‡e bv| G‡ÿ‡Î mK‡ji mn‡hvwMZv Acwinvh©| dvDÛvi-GgwW, wmwU nmwcUvj wjt, XvKv b¨vqwfwËK I weÁvbwfwËK mgvR I Av‡jvwKZ RvwZ MV‡bi eZ©gvb hyM Kw¤úDUv‡ii hyM, Z_¨-cÖhyw³i hyM| wd« Kw¤úDUvi †Uªwbs †ÿ‡Î mgv‡Ri mKj ¯Í‡ii †jvK‡K GwM‡q Avm‡Z n‡e| †iwWI, cwiPvjbvi gva¨‡g K¨v¤úvm `ÿ gvbe m¤ú` M‡o Zz‡j Zvi †Uwjwfkb I cwÎKvq b¨vqwfwËK I weÁvbwfwËK Abyôvb cÖPvi mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Q| 7 eQi Av‡M †_‡K K¨v¤úvmÕi wd« Ki‡Z n‡e| `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb Ki‡Z n‡e| wb‡R‡K wb‡R cÖwZwôZ Kw¤úDUvi †Uªwbs cwiPvjbv Zv‡`i `~i`k©xZvi cwiPvqK| GRb¨ Zviv Ki‡jI †`‡ki DbœwZ n‡e| wkÿv‡ÿ‡Î Kg©gyLx I RxebgyLx eZ©gvb miKv‡ii wWwRUvj evsjv‡`k Kg©m~wPi mnvqK-kw³ wn‡m‡e wkÿv Pvjy Ki‡Z n‡e| †mB †ÿ‡Î †eKviZ¡ `~i n‡e Ges wb‡R‡`i cwiPq †`qvi †hvM¨Zv iv‡L| wd« Kw¤úDUvi †Uªwbs‡qi Kg©ms¯’vb m„wó n‡e| kZZg e¨v‡Pi D‡Øvab Ges wWwRUvj Bqvs-÷vi cyi¯‹vi Kg©m~wP mgvR cÖMwZ‡Z GKwU gvBj djK| K¨v¤úvm‡K GRb¨ AvšÍwiK Awfb›`b Rvbvw”Q| b¨vq I weÁvbwfwËK Kw¤úDUvi †Uªwbs‡qi my‡hvM AevwiZ K‡i G‡K †`‡ki cÖZ¨šÍ A‡j Qwo‡q w`‡Z n‡e| hZ †ewk msL¨K gvbyl‡K Kw¤úDUvi cÖwkÿb †`qv mgvR MV‡b K¨v¤úvmÕi m¤¢e n‡e mgvR-Dbœqb I mvgvwRK ˆelg¨ `~ixKi‡Y Zviv ZZ‡ewk Av‡›`vjb AZ¨šÍ cÖ‡Yv`bv Kvh©Ki f‚wgKv cvj‡b mÿg n‡e| m„wó Ki‡Q `ybx©wZ‡iva Ges ¯^”QZv I Revew`wnZv m„wói †ÿ‡Î Kw¤úDUvi †Uªwbs Ges wWwRUvj Bqvs-÷vi †mvmvBwUi f~wgKv Acwimxg| wWwRUvj Bqvs-÷vi †mvmvBwU hZ‡ewk msMwVZ n‡e, gv‡V-gq`v‡b Kg©Zrci n‡e- evsjv‡`‡ki AMÖMwZi PvKv ZZ‡ewk mPj n‡e| †gvt iæûj Avwgb weÁvb mgvR-AMÖMwZi PvwjKvkw³, weÁvb-gb®‹ gvbyl †`‡ki Aa¨ÿ, wbD g‡Wj wek¦we`¨vjq K‡jR m¤ú`| G m¤ú` iÿv Ges h_vh_fv‡e Gi e¨env‡i miKv‡ii K¨v¤úvm Av‡qvwRZ wd« Kw¤úDUvi cÖwkÿ‡Yi kZZg e¨v‡Pi D‡Øvab D‡`¨vMB g~L¨| Z‡e ¯^-¯^ Ae¯’vb †_‡K m‡PZb bvMwiK‡`i Ges wWwRUvj Bqvs ÷vi‡`i cyi¯‹vi cÖ`v‡bi D‡`¨vM‡K mvayev` mn‡hvwMZvi nvZ evwo‡q w`‡Z n‡e| RvbvB| wWwRUvj Kb‡mÞÕi Kvh©KvwiZv I MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv wek¦vq‡bi hy‡M we‡k¦i mgv‡R ¯^”QZv I Revew`wn KvjPvi M‡o †Zvjv K¨v¤úvmÕi g~j jÿ¨| †h‡Kvb cÖv‡šÍB Kvh©Ki| †MvUv †`k‡KB wWwRUvjvBR&W K‡i mgvR Avgv‡`i mgv‡R `yb©xwZ i‡Ü« i‡Ü« cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q, mgv‡R ¯^”QZv I †_‡K Ab¨vq, Awbqg, Nyl-`yb©xwZ, cðvrc` wPšÍvaviv `~i Ki‡Z n‡e| Revew`wnZv M‡o DV‡Q bv| wkÿv-cÖwZôvb, e¨emv-evwYR¨, PvKwi Z‡eB evsjv‡`k we‡k¦i ey‡K gv_v DPuy K‡i `vov‡Z mÿg n‡e| cÖf…wZ †ÿ‡ÎI `yb©xwZ evmv †eu‡a‡Q hv mgvR‡K Kz‡i Kz‡i Lv‡”Q| Avgv‡`i mevi `vwqZ¡Ñ mgvR‡K `yb©xwZgy³ ivLv, †mvbvjx mgvR M‡o †Zvjv| wWwRUvj evsjv‡`k Kb‡mÞ GKwU AZ¨vaywbK I hy‡Mvc‡hvMx aviYv| K¨v¤úvmÕi Kw¤úDUvi †Uªwbs †`k I mgvR Dbœq‡b G aviYv LyeB Kvh©Ki| wkÿv, A_©bxwZ, ms¯‹…wZÑmKj †ÿ‡Î Avgv‡`i wWwRUvj n‡Z n‡e| wZwb e‡jb, †`‡k Z_¨-cÖhyw³i Dbœq‡b GLbI A‡bK Awd‡m cyivZb c×wZ‡Z wnmve-wbKvk Pj‡Q| †mme we‡kl f‚wgKv ivL‡Q Awdm‡K wWwRUvjvBRW Kivi j‡ÿ¨ cÖ‡Z¨K Awdmvi-Kg©Pvix‡K Kw¤úDUvi Ávb`v‡bi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| b¨vqwfwËK I weÁvbwfwËK mgvR Ges Av‡jvwKZ RvwZ MVb †gvt †`‡jvqvi †nv‡mb miKv‡ii GKvi c‡ÿ m¤¢e bq, Avgv‡`i mevi wKQz bv wKQz wbe©vnx cwiPvjK, AvB AvB Gm wU KZ©e¨ Av‡Q| miKvi hw` MVbg~jK Kg©m~wP nv‡Z †bb, Zvn‡jB eZ©gv‡b KvwiMix wkÿvi e¨vcK Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q| GKRb wkÿv_©x b¨vqwfwËK I weÁvbwfwËK Ges Av‡jvwKZ RvwZ MV‡bi AvnŸvb mv_©K n‡e| ZvQvov †`k I RvwZi DbœwZi Rb¨ wkÿvi wW‡cøvgv cvm Kivi ci Zv‡K †eKvi _vK‡Z nq bv| G‡ÿ‡Î †Kvb weKí †bB| b¨vqwfwËK I weÁvbwfwËK mgvR MV‡b Avgv‡`i †møvMvb nIqv DwPZÑ †eKviZ¡‡K ÔbvÕ ejyb KvwiMix‡K Ônu¨vÕ K¨v¤úvmÕi mgvR m‡PZbZvg~jK Av‡›`vjb AZ¨šÍ cÖ‡Yv`bv ejyb| K¨v¤úvm cwiPvwjZ wd« Kw¤úDUvi cÖwkÿ‡Yi kZZg e¨v‡Pi m„wó Ki‡Q| c„ôv 32 K¨v¤úvm cwiPvwjZ wd« Kw¤úDUvi †Uªwbs‡qi 100e¨vPc~wZ© \ ¯§iwYKv 2010

wd« Kw¤úDUvi †Uªwbs‡qi 100Zg e¨vP wd« Kw¤úDUvi †Uªwbs‡K Rb‡bÎx †kL nvwmbvi wWwRUvj 100Zg e¨v‡P †cuŠ‡Q †`qv evsjv‡`k Movi `„p cÖZ¨‡qi mv‡_ K¨v¤úvmÕi mvd‡j¨i wWwRUvj Bqvs ÷viiv mn‡hvMx gvBjdjK wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ kw³ wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡e byiæj Bmjvg VvÛz Gg G mvËvi †Pqvig¨vb, e‡i›`ª eûgyLx Dbœqb KZ…©cÿ Aa¨ÿ, k¨vgjx AvBwWqvj cwj‡UKwbK Bbw÷wUDU wd« Kw¤úDUvi cÖwkÿY‡K 100Zg e¨v‡P †cuŠ‡Q †`qv K¨v¤úvmÕi mvd‡j¨i K¨v¤úvm Av‡qvwRZ wd« Kw¤úDUvi †Uªwbs‡qi 100Zg e¨v‡Pi D‡Øvab Ges gvBjdjK wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ| †`‡k cÖhyw³-wbf©i wkÿvi cÖmvi NwU‡q wWwRUvj Bqvs ÷vi cyi¯‹vi cÖ`vb GKwU AmvaviY NUbv| K¨v¤úvm mgvR Avgv‡`i QvÎ-hye mgvR‡K wek¦vqb-cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq Dchy³ K‡i M‡o Zzj‡Z Dbœqb †K›`ª QvÎ-ZiæY‡`i g‡a¨ wd« Kw¤úDUvi cÖwkÿY Ae¨vnZ cvwiÑ †m wkÿvB w`‡Z n‡e ZiæY cÖRb¥‡K| †`k‡K `ªæZ GwM‡q wb‡Z n‡j †i‡L‡QÑ GwU GKwU PgrKvi D‡`¨vM| K¨v¤úvm QvÎ-ZiæY‡`i gv‡S AvBwU wkÿvLv‡Z w`‡Z n‡e m‡e©v”P AMÖvwaKvi| Z_¨-cÖhyw³i †h cÖ`xc R¡vwj‡q‡Q Zvi Av‡jv `ªæZ Qwo‡q co‡e †`‡ki K¨v¤úvmÕi wd« Kw¤úDUvi †Uªwbs †_‡K †UªBbxiv mZZvi wkÿv jvf Ki‡Q, cÖZ¨šÍ A‡j| †`k-mgvR I RvwZi cÖwZ `vwqZ¡kxj n‡Z wkL‡Q| Zviv hw` ev¯Íe Rxe‡b mgv‡R ¯^”QZv I Revew`wn KvjPvi M‡o †Zvjvi †ÿ‡Î Kw¤úDUvi wkÿv K¨v¤úvmÕi wkÿv‡K cÖwZdwjZ Ki‡Z cv‡i Zvn‡j mgvR A‡bK DcK…Z Kvh©Ki f‚wgKv iv‡L| hye mgv‡Ri g‡a¨ †h ˆbwZK Aeÿq Pj‡Q, QvÎ- n‡e| KvwiMix Ávb m¤úbœ gvbyl hLb Kg©‡ÿ‡Î AwaK Avq Ki‡Z mÿg n‡e ZiæY‡`i †Uªwbs w`‡q Zv‡`i‡K †m aviv †_‡K †ei K‡i Avb‡Z cvi‡j ZLb †m `yb©xwZi w`‡K SuyK‡e bv| G ZiæY cÖRb¥B †`‡ki †bZ…Z¡ MÖnY Ki‡e| mgv‡Ri cÖf‚Z DbœwZ n‡e| Avgvi wek¦vm miKv‡ii wWwRUvj evsjv‡`k fwel¨‡Z Dchy³ †bZ…‡Z¡i Rb¨ ZiæY mgvR‡K GLbB cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z n‡e| Movi `„p cÖZ¨‡qi mv‡_ K¨v¤úvmÕi wWwRUvj Bqvs ÷viiv mn‡hvMx kw³ AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZ…‡Z¡ †`k ¯^vaxb n‡qwQj, Z_¨-cÖhyw³ mg„× bZzb wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡e| evsjv‡`k MovI AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZ…Z¡vaxb †kL nvwmbvi miKv‡ii c‡ÿB m¤¢e| G‡ÿ‡Î K¨v¤úvm mn‡hvMx f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q| K¨v¤úvm mxwgZ mvg‡_©¨ weÁvb-gb®‹ gvbylB b¨vq I Amxg mvn‡m †h Kvh©µg¸‡jv Pvwj‡q hv‡”QÑ Zv hy‡Mi weÁvbwfwËK mgvR Ges `vweiB cÖwZaŸwb Av‡jvwKZ RvwZ MV‡b Kvh©Ki Ae`vb ivL‡Z cv‡i cÖ‡dmi †gvt ûgvqyb Kexi Aa¨ÿ, wgkb B›Uvib¨vkbvj Mvj©m K¨v‡WU K‡jR wecøe P›`ª PµeZ©x wek¦e¨vcx hLb wkÿv`xÿv Avi cÖhyw³ Dbœq‡bi †Rvqvi eBwQj wVK wmBI, wR ÷z‡W›U Kbmvj‡U›U Ggwb GK †cÖÿvc‡U eZ©gvb miKv‡ii wbe©vPbx cÖwZkÖæwZ- Vission Ges 2021 wWwRUvj evsjv‡`k Movi WvK ZiæY mgvR‡K K‡i‡Q K¨v¤úvm KZ©„K cwiPvwjZ webvg~‡j¨ Kw¤úDUvi cÖwkÿY Kg©m~wP‡K D¾xweZ I DÏxwcZ, g‡bvRM‡Z G‡b‡Q AvZ¥wek¦vm Avi ¯^cœ c~i‡Yi mvayev` RvbvB| Avkv Kwi A`~i fwel¨‡Z K¨v¤úvm AviI bvbvgyLx `„p cÖZ¨q| Avgiv g‡b Kwi gvbyl Movi KvwiMi wn‡m‡e hviv `vwqZ¡ Kg©m~wP MÖnY Ges ev¯Íevqb Ki‡e| wWwRUvj evsjv‡`k ¯^cœ g‡b cvjb K‡ib Zv‡`i KvR n‡jv RvwZ‡K ¯^cœ †`Lv‡bv Avi miKv‡ii n‡jI Avkv ivwL A`~i fwel¨‡Z Gi ev¯Íevqb n‡e| G ¯^cœ ev¯Íevq‡b KvR n‡”Q †m ¯^cœ ev¯Íevq‡b Kvh©Ki c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kiv| G‡ÿ‡Î cÖwZwU gvbyl wbR wbR Ae¯’vb †_‡K KvR Ki‡j †`k `ªæZ GwM‡q miKvi A‡bK mgq e¨_© n‡jI Avgiv jÿ¨ K‡iwQ wkÿv RM‡Zi GK hv‡e| ewjô KÚ¯^i ÔK¨v¤úvmÕ mxwgZ mvg‡_©¨ Amxg mvn‡m †h Kvh©µg¸‡jv mgv‡R ¯^”QZv I Revew`wn KvjPvi M‡o DV‡j `yb©xwZi ivûMÖvm †_‡K Pvwj‡q hv‡”QÑ Zv hy‡Mi `vweiB cÖwZaŸwb| †ewi‡q Avmv m¤¢e n‡e| `yb©xwZ mgvR‡`‡ni i‡Ü« i‡Ü« cÖ‡ek K‡i K¨v¤úvmÕi AbyKi‡Y †`‡ki wewfbœ A‡j Qwo‡q wQwU‡q _vKv Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki m¤ú‡`i AcP‡qi gva¨‡g †`‡ki AMÖMwZ‡K e¨vnZ Ki‡Q| kw³kvjx wgwWqv I mvg_©¨evb †emiKvwi cÖwZôvbmg~n hw` Abyiƒc `yb©xwZ I Ackvm‡bi weiæ‡× mvgvwRK cÖwZ‡iva M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e| Kg©Kv‡Û GwM‡q Av‡m Zvn‡jB m¤¢e miKv‡ii wbe©vPbx Iqv`vi mdj K¨v¤úvm G e¨vcv‡i †mv”Pvi n‡q †h m‡PZbZvg~jK Av‡›`vjb M‡o ev¯ÍevqbÑAb¨_vq miKv‡ii †m ¯^cœ ïay ¯^cœB †_‡K hv‡e| G cÖm‡½ Zzj‡Q Zv Avgv‡`i g‡b Avkvi mÂvi K‡i| wek¦we`¨vjq K¨v¤úvm cwÎKv‡K ïaygvÎ ab¨ev` bq, Gi cvkvcvwk GKRb weÁvb-gb®‹ gvbylB b¨vq I weÁvbwfwËK mgvR Ges Av‡jvwKZ RvwZ gvbyl Movi KvwiMi wn‡m‡e G civgk© w`‡Z PvB †h, Avcbviv ¯^xq MwZ‡Z MV‡b Kvh©Ki Ae`vb ivL‡Z cv‡i| †`k‡K `ªæZ GwM‡q wb‡Z n‡j GwM‡q hvb, Avcbv‡`i nvZ‡K kw³kvjx Kivi j‡ÿ¨ mgv‡Ri m‡PZb gnj KvwiMix Ávb m¤úbœ A‡bK †jv‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb| G‡ÿ‡Î K¨v¤úvmÕi wd« GwM‡q Avm‡e, Avi g‡b ivL‡eb Ô†h c_ †`Lvq †m _v‡K GwM‡qÕ Kw¤úDUvi cÖwkÿY hyMvšÍKvix cÖKí| Avcbv‡`i G AMÖhvÎv mvd‡j¨ f‡i DVzK G cÖZ¨vkv Kwi| K¨v¤úvm cwiPvwjZ wd« Kw¤úDUvi †Uªwbs‡qi 100e¨vPc~wZ© \ ¯§iwYKv 2010 c„ôv 33

Campus Regular Free Computer Training Program For skilled enlightened nation and transperant society largly maintained Introduction whole world through computer, e-by the financial and mail, net-phone, instant message etc. Free Computer Training is a welfare computer donations from various In a least developed country like program run regularly by Campus organizations and persons including Bangladesh, a large number of peo- different private universities, banks, since 2004. In this program students ple do not have the financial ability to and youths get opportunity to learn business organizations, expatriate buy or learn computer. Thus, the Free computer free of cost. To ensure Bangladeshis and so on. Training Computer Program transparency and good governance Future Plan of Campus has opened a window of in all spheres of social life, Campus is opportunity for the insolvent youths to creating computer-literate people with After 7 years of successful implemen- tation of the Free Computer Training this training. Till March 2010,this pro- learn computer free of cost. Program, it is felt by Campus that gram has trained about 3,000 per- Overview of Existing Free sons in 99 batches. Both male & continuation of the existing program Computer Training Program of Campus female students from schools, col- is very much necessary for the stu- Free Computer Training Program of Though an introduc- leges & universities; housewives, dents & youths. Campus was initiated in 2004 to pro- tory course is immensely important small service holders, unemployed vide a 4-week course on basic com- for connecting people with the vast youths, retired citizens have received world of computer literacy, it is not training. This program offers both the- puter knowledge and operations. The enough for those oretical and practical lessons on com- course provides both theory and who really want to build their career in the field of IT. puter operations. practical classes. The topics covered in the course include history of com- Therefore, advanced courses like Nowadays, computer skill has on computer hard- Microsoft Excel, Graphics Designing, puter, knowledge become inevitable for achieving a Computer Maintenance etc. are ware, different applications of word successful and easy life. Computer needed. Moreover, these advanced processing, internet and e-mail. For knowledge improves the efficiency of courses need to every batch Campus organizes at be organized on a employed people while acts as a nec- least 2 seminars where the trainees regular basis and in a larger scale. essary qualification for unemployed Campus will proceed towards fulfilling get chance to exchange views with ones. Computer skills expand scopes these needs of the time. renowned personalities. Initially the of getting a job and thus enable course was offered for one batch (15 unemployed persons to move out of At last to 20 persons) per month. To meet the clutch of unemployment and Campus believes that philosophically the increasing demand, the program poverty. Difference between a person enlightened, educated, honest and has started to offer training to 2 batch- for sine qua having computer skill and the one healthy citizens are non es per month since the beginning of lacking this skill is quite evident. the development of Bangladesh. 2006. Therefore, computer skill is a must for Campus is committed to work hard to build such a nation and it is devoted modern youths. In addition to the basic training course, Campus has recently started to build a knowledge based and just In the current state of development, Computer Training Free Advanced society in Bangladesh. Program where, Bangladesh needs greater number of only the selected We, the skilled people. Computer education Campus people, have proved our trainees with good results in the basic can help to develop such manpower. capacity and devotion in the last 25 course get chance to learn advanced Bangladesh may fall behind many of years. Now we need support to topics on computer like excel, graph- the neighboring countries because of increase our capability to help the ics designing etc. the lack of adequate manpower with nation. We hope to receive continued Free the of computer skills. In this age of global- The participants support & co-operation from those Computer Training Program are moti- who care for education & youth devel- ization, sustainable development of vated to the philosophy of positive your helping hands Bangladesh depends to a greater opment. Extend attitude towards life. During the com- to extent on how far we could make our the insolvent youths of the world with manpower linked puter training, trainees are encour- Bangladesh, who need your support aged with the philosophy to 'delete'own lives and the development path. To reach that goal, to change their bad thoughts from their brain and 'in- future we need easy access to computer of Bangladesh. So help sert' good thoughts in it, just as com- Campus to help the nation. education for all. Moreover, those puter can 'delete' and 'insert' informa- who remain at home, specially, -Mohammad Mostafa tion. women can be connected with the Consultant, CSDC The cost of the existing program is Page 34 K¨v¤úvm cwiPvwjZ wd« Kw¤úDUvi †Uªwbs‡qi 100e¨vPc~wZ© \ ¯§iwYKv 2010

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wewfbœ Abyôv‡b AwZw_MY hv e‡jb K‡i‡Q| (wW‡m¤^i 2004) QvÎ-hyeK‡`i g‡a¨ gvbweK ¸Yvejxi weKvk hy‡Mi Pvwn`vi K_v we‡ePbv K‡i K¨v¤úvm Ges Zv‡`i‡K AvZ¥wbf©ikxj K‡i M‡o ›AveŸvm Dwˇb Avn‡g‘†`‡ki QvÎ-hyeKmn wewfbœ †kªYxi bvMwiK‡`i webvg~‡j¨ Kw¤úDUvi cÖwkÿY cÖ`vb K‡i †Zvjvi Rb¨ K¨v¤úvmÕi i‡q‡Q wewfbœ Kg©m~wP| e¤efl’vcbv cwiPvjK, w‘ wmwU Gi Ab¨Zg wd« Kw¤úDUvi †Uªwbs, hv GLb e¤vsK wjt Avm‡Q| mvgvwRK m‡PZbZv Kvh©µ‡gi gnxiæ‡n cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| K¨v¤úvmÕi G Kg©m~wP cvkvcvwk G D‡`¨vM we‡kl cÖksmvi `vwe iv‡L| Kw¤úDUv‡ii hy‡M Kj †m›Uv‡ii gva¨‡g jÿ miKvi †NvwlZ wWwRUvj evsjv‡`k Movi Kv‡R K¨v¤úvmÕi G Kj¨vYag©x cÖwkÿY Kg©m~wP jÿ wkwÿZ †eKvi hye‡Ki Kg©ms¯’v‡bi mnvqK n‡”Q| (b‡f¤^i 2009) my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| GRb¨ K¨v¤úvm cwiPvwjZ wd«w`b gnxiæ‡n cwiYZ n‡e| (gvP© 2006) GK ›cևdmi W. mvBdzj gwR‘ Lvb Kw¤úDUvi †Uªwbs †Kv‡m©i my‡hvM‡K Kv‡R ›†gvt Rwniæj nK, hyM¥ cÖavb †Pqvig¤vb, B÷vb' jvwM‡q wb‡R‡`i‡K ¯^qsm¤ú~Y© wn‡m‡e M‡o †bŠ›cwienb gš¿Yvjq BDwbfvwm'wU Zzj‡Z n‡e| (Ryb 2008) K¨v¤úvm QvÎ-hyeK‡`i Dbœq‡b `xN©w`b a‡i ›KvRx iwdKzj Avjg KvR K‡i Avm‡Q; ZvQvov Avgv‡`i QvÎ- †`‡ki QvÎ-hyeK‡`i‡K webvg~‡j¨ Kw¤úDUvi †cÖwm‡W›U, XvKv AvnQvwbqv cÖwkÿY w`‡q K¨v¤úvm hy‡Mi Pvwn`v c~iY wgkb hyeK‡`i webvg~‡j¨ Kw¤úDUvi cÖwkÿY w`‡q Ki‡Q| GwU wbtm‡›`‡n cÖksmvi `vwe iv‡L| hy‡Mi Pvwn`v c~iY Ki‡Q| (b‡f¤^i 2007) (†g 2007) evsjv‡`‡ki †Kv_vI `xN©w`b †_‡K wbqwgZ ›cևdmi W. Gg kvgQzj nK ›W. KvRx mvnveyˇxb, wewkó fvBm›P¤v‡Ýji, b‘'vb' webvg~‡j¨ Kw¤úDUvi cÖwkÿY Kg©m~wP i‡q‡Q A_'bxwZwe‘ Ges gnvcwiPvjK, BDwbfvwm'wU e‡j Rvbv †bB| K¨v¤úvm †m KvRwU K‡i weAvBwWGm Avm‡Q `xN© 7 eQi a‡i, GwU wbtm‡›`‡n we¯§q K¨v¤úvm QvÎ-hyeK‡`i Kw¤úDUvi cÖwkÿY I Avb‡›`i e¨vcvi| (GwcÖj 2007) cÖ`vb K‡i hy‡Mi Pvwn`v c~iY Ki‡Q| KviY K¨v¤úvm ÁvbwfwËK mgvR MV‡b wbijm KvR ›kwdK Iqv‡qm, mnKvix AvR‡Ki hy‡M Kw¤úDUvi cÖhyyw³i mvnvh¨ Qvov K‡i hv‡”Q| we‡kl K‡i Avgv‡`i QvÎ- †iwR÷“vi B÷ I‡q÷ hyeK‡`i webvg~‡j¨ Kw¤úDUvi cÖwkÿY cÖ`vb BDwbfvwm'wU †Kvb wKQz Kiv m¤¢e bq| (†g 2008) K‡i G cÖwZôvb RvZxq ch©v‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv ›cևKŠkjx Zvbwfiæj nK cÖevj cvjb Ki‡Q| (Ryb 2007) Av‡jvwKZ gvby‡li Rb¨, `ÿ gvbe m¤ú` †cÖwm‡W›U, win¤ve ˆZwii Rb¨ Kw¤úDUvi cÖwkÿY MÖnY I cÖ`vb ›†K Gg gvngy‘›Di›ingvb K¨v¤úvmÕi i‡q‡Q my›`i I Kj¨vYag©x bvbvgyLx †Pqvig¤vb, nvBflœxW MÖæc Kiv AvR‡Ki hy‡M LyeB cÖ‡qvRb| wd« cÖ‡Póv Z_v cÖKí I Kg©m~wP, hvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg Kw¤úDUvi †Uªwbs‡qi gva¨‡g K¨v¤úvm †m n‡”Q wd« Kw¤úDUvi †Uªwbs| (GwcÖj 2009) cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡bvi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KvRwU Ki‡Q| mgv‡Ri †gavex, Am”Q¡j I †eKvi‡`i ›Av‡bvqviæj Avjg †PŠayix (RyjvB 2004) webvg~‡j¨ Kw¤úDUvi-cÖhyw³ wkÿv`v‡bi ›jvqb †gvt †Mvdivbyj nK (cvi‡fR) mv‡eK mfvcwZ, gva¨‡g Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó K‡i w`‡q AwZwi‡ GgwW, †WmwUwb wewRGgBG K¨v¤úvm GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Q| 2000 wjt (gvP© 2006) ›cvifxb nK wmK‘vi K¨v¤úvm webvg~‡j¨ QvÎ-hyeK‡`i Kw¤úDUvi K¨v¤úvm webvg~‡j¨ QvÎ-hyeK‡`i Kw¤úDUviÿY w`‡q hy‡Mi Pvwn`v c~iY Ki‡Q, Zv‡`i †Pqvicvimb, b¤vkbvj e¤vsK wjt cÖwk cÖwkÿY w`‡q hy‡Mi Pvwn`v c~iY Ki‡Q| KviY fvBm›†Pqvig¤vb, wmK‘vi AvaywbK we‡k¦i Dc‡hvMx K‡i M‡o Zzj‡Q| (Av †gwW‡Kj K‡jR Gi gva¨‡g cÖwkÿYv_©xiv ¯^vej¤^x I cÖZ¨qxMó 2008) n‡”Q| Giƒc wewfbœ Kg©Kv‡Ði gva¨‡g K¨v¤úvm ›bvmwib AvDqvj wg›Uz, dvDÛvi †`k I mgvR Dbœq‡b f~wgKv †i‡L Avm‡Q| AvR‡Ki hy‡M Kw¤úDUvi Rvbvi †Kv‡bv weKí †cÖwm‡W›U, I‡gb (A‡±vei 2008) †bB, Rxe‡bi mKj ch©v‡q G cÖhyw³i cÖ‡qvRb G‡›U“‡cÖbvm' G‡mvwm‡qkb i‡q‡Q| K¨v¤úvm KZ©„cÿ †mB cÖ‡qvRbxqZv ›wRjłvi ingvb, †Rjv cÖkvmK, †gUv‡Z QvÎ-hyeK‡`i‡K webvg~‡j¨ Kw¤úDUvi XvKv K¨v¤úvm Avgv‡`i QvÎ-hyeK‡`i AvaywbK cÖwkÿY w`‡”Q| K¨v¤úvmÕi GB D‡`¨vM Z_¨-cÖhyw³‡Z mg„× Kivi Rb¨ webvg~‡j¨ Kw¤ cwÎKv wbtm‡›`‡n cÖksmvi `vwe iv‡L| (AvMó 2008) cÖKvkbvi cvkvcvwk K¨v¤úvmúDUvi cÖwkÿY w`‡q AZ¨šÍ ¸iæ`vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Q| (RyjvB 2006) ›KvwbR Avjgvm Lvb mgvR‡mevg~jK A‡bK KvR Ki‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ dvDÛvi, cvi‡mvbv MÖæc webvg~‡j¨ Kw¤úDUvi cÖwkÿY GKwU| ›W. †nvm‡b Aviv †eMg mgvR‡mev I †`k Dbœq‡bi Giƒc Abb¨ `„óvšÍ wbe'vnx cwiPvjK, Avi †bB| wbtm‡›`‡n GwU GKwU gnr D‡`¨vM| eZ©gvb Z_¨-cÖhyw³i hy‡M K¨v¤úvm cwiPvwjZ wUGgGmGm (†g 2007) wd« Kw¤úDUvi †Uªwbs AZ¨šÍ cÖksmbxq D‡`¨vM| ›mbr Kzgvi wekƒvm K¨v¤úvm QvÎ-hyeK‡`i wd« Kw¤úDUvi †Uªwbs w`‡q hy‡Mi Pvwn`v c~iY Ki‡Q| GRb¨ K¨v¤úvm K¨v¤úvmÕi Avw_©K mgm¨v _vKv m‡Ë¡I Z_¨- gnvcwiPvjK, Pjw”P˛ I cÖKvkbv cÖhyw³i ev¯ÍeZv Dcjwä K‡i QvÎ-hyeKmn Awa‘ßi wewfbœ †ckvRxex‡`i Kw¤úDUvi cÖwkÿY w`‡q Aek¨B cÖksmvi `vwe iv‡L| (Ryb 2008) K¨v¤úvm RvZxq AMÖMwZ‡Z wb‡R‡`i m¤ú„³ ›†mwjgv Avngv‘, †cÖwm‡W›U K¨v¤úvm cwiPvwjZ wd« Kw¤úDUvi †Uªwbs‡qi 100e¨vPc~wZ© \ ¯§iwYKv 2010 c„ôv 43

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