المولد النبوي مطوية - Copy (1)

‫ﻣﺩﺭﺳﺔ ﻛﻔﺭﺃﺳﺩ ﺍﻻﺳﺎﺳﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺙ ﻋﻥ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺗﺭﺓ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ ﺃﺑﻲ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﺎﻫﻠﻲ ‪-‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﷲ ﻋﻧﻪ‪ -‬ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﺑﻲ ‪-‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ اﻟﻨﺒﻮي اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻡ‪ -‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪) :‬ﻓﺿ ُﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟ ِﻡ ﻋ َﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺑ ِﺩ‬ ‫‪ 12‬رﺑﻴﻊ اﻻول‬ ‫ﻛﻭﻔﺍﻋﻠﻷﻳﺿ ِﺭﻪﻠﻟﻳ ِﻲﻭﺽﺻﺳﻠﱡﻋﻠﱠ َﻠﺣﻭَﻡﺗﱠﻰ‪َ-‬ﻥ‪:‬ﻰﺃﺩﺇﺍﻋﻧﻟَﻠﱠﺎﻥﻧﱠ ُﻛﻰﻣﻡﻠ ﱠ ُﻣﺔَ‪َ5‬ﺛﻌ ﱠﻡِﻠّﻓﻭِﻡﻗﻲﻣﺎﺍﻟَﻼﻝ ُﻧﱠﺟﺋﺎﻛﺭﺣﺗَِِﺭﻪُﺱﺳﻫﻭﺍﺎﻭﻟ ُ‪،‬ﻝﺃﺧﻫﻳﻭ ﱠََﻝﺭِ‪5‬ﺣ(ﺍﺗﱠ‪.‬ﻟ‪]-‬ﻰ ﱠﺳﺻﺍ‪٨‬ﻣﻠﱠﻟ[ﺎﻰﺣﻭﺍﻭ ﱠِﺕَﺕ‪ُ5‬‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻣﺔ‪ :‬ﺳﻭﺳﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺩﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺭﺍﻑ ﻣﺩﻳﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﺭﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ ﺃﺑﻲ ﻫﺭﻳﺭﺓ ‪-‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﷲ ﻋﻧﻪ‪ -‬ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﺑﻲ ‪-‬ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻳﺭﻓﺕ ﺧﺭﺍﺷﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﷲ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻡ‪ -‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪) :‬ﺍﻟﻧﺎ ُﺱ ﻣﻌﺎ ِﺩ ٌﻥ ﻛﻣﻌﺎ ِﺩ ِﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﺍﻫﻹ ِﺏﺳﻼﻭِﻡﺍﻟﺇﻔﺫﺍﺿ َﻓِﺔﻘُ‪،‬ﻬﻭﺧﺍﻳﺎ‪ُ ،‬ﺭﻭﻫﺍﻡﻷﻓﺭﻭﻲﺍ ﺍ ُﺡﻟﺟﺎﺟﻧﻫ ِﻠﻭﻳﱠٌﺩ ِﺔ‪ُ،‬ﻣ َﺟﺧﻧﱠﻳَﺩﺎﺓٌُﺭ‪،‬ﻫﻓﻡﻣﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎ َﺭ َﻑ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺋﺗ َﻠ َﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺗﻧﺎ َﻛ َﺭ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺧﺗﻠَ َﻑ(‪[٧].‬‬ ‫ﻋﻥ ﺃﺑﻲ ﻫﺭﻳﺭﺓ ‪-‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﷲ ﻋﻧﻪ‪ -‬ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﺑﻲ ‪-‬ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﷲ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻡ‪ -‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪) :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺳﺎ ُﻥ ﺍﻧﻘﻁﻊ ﻋﻣﻠُﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ ﻣﻥ ﺛﻼ ٍﺙ؛ ﺻﺩﻗ ٍﺔ ﺟﺎﺭﻳ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠ ٍﻡ ﻳُﻧﺗَ َﻔ ُﻊ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻟ ٍﺩ ﺻﺎﻟﺢٍ ﻳ ْﺩﻋﻭ ﻟﻪ(‪ [١٥]،‬ﻭﻳﺑﻳّﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺣﺩﻳﺙ ﻓﺿﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺎﺣﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺩ ﻣﻭﺗﻪ؛ ﻓﺈ ّﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻧّﺎﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻳﺗﺭﻛﻪ ﻓﻳﻧﺗﻔﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺱ ﺑﻌﺩ ﻣﻭﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻧﻘﻁﻊ ﺃﺟﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻝ ﻳﺑﻘﻰ ﻣﺳﺗ ِﻣﺭﺍً ﺇﻟﻰ ﻳﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻳﺎﻣﺔ‪].‬‬ ‫‪[١٦‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﻠﻳﻣﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪.‬ﺗﺷﺟﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺛﻧﺎء ﻋﻠﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ ﻫﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻧﺑﻲ ‪ -‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻡ ‪-‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﻠﻳﻡ‬ ‫ﺃ‪ -‬ﻓﻬﻭ ﻳﺷﻳﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﻘﻭﻟﻪ ‪\" :‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﻭﻛﺎﻓﻝ ﺍﻟﻳﺗﻳﻡ ﻛﻬﺎﺗﻳﻥ ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻟﻪ ﺃﺑﻭ ﻫﺭﻳﺭﺓ ‪-‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﷲ ﻋﻧﻪ‪ -‬ﻳﻭﻣﺎً ‪ :‬ﻣﻥ ﺃﺳﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺱ ﺑﺷﻔﺎﻋﺗﻙ ؟‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺻﺑﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﺳﺑﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺳﻁﻰ\")ﺍﻟﺑﺧﺎﺭﻱ( ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻭﻟﻪ ‪\" :‬ﺍﻟﻔﺗﻧﺔ ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ -‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻡ ‪\" : -‬ﻟﻘﺩ ﻅﻧﻧﺕ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺳﺄﻟﻧﻲ ﺃﺣﺩ ﻋﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻭﻳﺩﺍﺻﺣﺎﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻧﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺳﺅﺍﻝ ﻭﺃﺩﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻫﻧﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺣﻳﺙ ﻳﻁﻠﻊ ﻗﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﻁﺎﻥ\" ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺑﻳﺩﻩ ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺣﺩﻳﺙ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻧﻙ ﻟﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻣﺕ ﻣﻥ ﺣﺭﺻﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺣﺩﻳﺙ\")ﺍﻟﺑﺧﺎﺭﻱ( ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺗﺧﻳﻝ ﻣﻌﻲ ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ ﻣﻭﻗﻑ ﺃﺑﻲ ﻫﺭﻳﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻳﺳﻣﻊ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺛﻧﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻲ ﻣﻭﺿﻊ ﻳﻘﻭﻝ ‪] :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﻋﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﻠﻣﻳﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﻠﻣﻳﻥ ﺟﺭﻣﺎً ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺃﺳﺗﺎﺫ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺗﺫﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺎﻳﺦ ‪ -‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺭﻕ‪) .‬ﻣﺗﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ( ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻡ ‪ ، -‬ﺑﺣﺭﺻﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﺑﻝ ﻭﺗﻔﻭﻗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻛﺛﻳﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺃﻗﺭﺍﻧﻪ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺻﻭﺭ ﻛﻳﻑ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺃﺛﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺷﻌﻭﺭ ﺩﺍﻓﻌﺎً ﻟﻣﺯﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺹ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﻭﺗﺎﺭﺓ ﻳﺿﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﺛﻝ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﻔﺗﺭﺽ ﻗﺻﺔ ‪\" :‬ﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻡ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ ﺳﺄﻝ ﻋﻥ ﺷﻲء ﻟﻡ ﻳﺣﺭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﻠﻣﻳﻥ ﻓﺣﺭﻡ ﻣﻥ ﺃﺟﻝ‬ ‫ﺣﺩﻭﺩ ﷲ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻓﻳﻬﺎ ﻛﻣﺛﻝ ﻗﻭﻡ ﺍﺳﺗﻬﻣﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻔﻳﻧﺔ ﻓﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺟﺗﻬﺎﺩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺄﻟﺗﻪ[ﺍﻟﺑﺧﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻣﺳﻠﻡ( ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪] :‬ﺇﻥ ﷲ ﻛﺭﻩ ﻟﻛﻡ ﻗﻳﻝ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺿﻬﻡ ﺃﺳﻔﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﺿﻬﻡ ﺃﻋﻼﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻳﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺳﻔﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺛﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺳﺅﺍﻝ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺿﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻝ[)ﻣﺗﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ( ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﺎ ﻫﻧﺎ ﻳﺫﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺗﻘﻭﺍ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء ﻣﺭﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻥ ﻓﻭﻗﻬﻡ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻭﺍ ‪ :‬ﻟﻭ ﺃﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻳﻥ ﺳﺄﻝ ﺃﺑﻲ ﺑﻥ ﻛﻌﺏ ‪\" :‬ﺃﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺫﺭ ﺃﻱ ﺁﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺗﺎﺏ ﷲ ﺃﻋﻅﻡ ؟\" ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺳﺅﺍﻝ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻛﻧﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻭﺿﻊ ﺁﺧﺭ ﻳﺄﻣﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺳﺅﺍﻝ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﺛﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻲ ‪\" :‬ﺁﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻛﺭﺳﻲ\" ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ‪\" :‬ﻟﻳﻬﻧﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺫﺭ\")ﻣﺳﻠﻡ(‬ ‫ﺧﺭﻗﻧﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻧﺻﻳﺑﻧﺎ ﺧﺭﻗﺎً ﻓﻠﻡ ﻧﺅﺫ ﻣﻥ ﻓﻭﻗﻧﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺧﺫﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ‪] :‬ﺃﻻ ﺳﺄﻟﻭﺍ ﺇﺫ ﻟﻡ ﻳﻌﻠﻣﻭﺍ ﻓﺈﻧﻣﺎ ﺷﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﺳﺅﺍﻝ[)ﺃﺑﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﺩﻳﻬﻡ ﻧﺟﻭﺍ ﻭﻧﺟﻭﺍ ﺟﻣﻳﻌﺎً ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﺭﻛﻭﻫﻡ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﺍﺩﻭﺍ ﻫﻠﻛﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺟﻣﻊ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﻠﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺟﻣﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻭﺩ( ‪] ،‬ﻟﻘﺩ ﻅﻧﻧﺕ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻫﺭﻳﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺳﺄﻟﻧﻲ ﻋﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻳﻌﺎً\")ﺍﻟﺑﺧﺎﺭﻱ( ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻭﻟﻪ ‪ ]\" :‬ﺃﻓﺭﺡ ﺑﺗﻭﺑﺔ ﻋﺑﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻛﺛﻳﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﺻﻭﺹ ﻧﻘﺭﺃ ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﺑﻲ ‪ -‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻡ ‪-‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺣﺩﻳﺙ ﺃﺣﺩ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻧﻙ ﻟﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺕ ﻣﻥ ﺣﺭﺻﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺣﺩﻳﺙ[‬ ‫ﻣﻥ ﺃﺣﺩﻛﻡ ﺳﻘﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺍﺑﺗﻪ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺃﺿﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺭﺽ ﻓﻼﺓ ﻭﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻟﺳﺎً ﻣﻊ ﺃﺻﺣﺎﺑﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻳﻧﻣﺎ ﻛﻧﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻧﺑﻲ ‪ -‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻡ ‪ ، -‬ﻓﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺑﺧﺎﺭﻱ( ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻣﻭﺫﺝ ﻟﻠﺗﻌﻠﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﺎﻋﻲ ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﻠﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩﻱ ﻓﻧﻣﺎﺫﺟﻪ ﻛﺛﻳﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﻌﺎﻣﻪ ﻭﺷﺭﺍﺑﻪ ﻓﻧﺎﻡ ﺗﺣﺕ ﺷﺟﺭﺓ ﻳﻧﺗﻅﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﻌﻭﺩ ‪-‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﷲ ﻋﻧﻪ‪\" : -‬ﻋﻠﻣﻧﻲ ﺭﺳﻭﻝ ﷲ ‪ -‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻡ ‪-‬‬ ‫ﺗﺭﺑﻳﺗﻬﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻳﺎﻡ ﺑﻭﺍﺟﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻧﺩ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ\")ﻣﺗﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ( ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺗﺷﻬﺩ ﻛﻔﻲ ﺑﻳﻥ ﻛﻔﻳﻪ\")ﻣﺗﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ( ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻣﻥ ﻏﻳﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺩ‬ ‫ﺟـ‪ -‬ﻭﺗﺎﺭﺓ ﻳﺳﺗﻌﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﺭﺳﻡ ﻟﻠﺗﻭﺿﻳﺢ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺧﻁ ﺧﻁﺎً ﻣﺳﺗﻘﻳﻣﺎً‬ ‫ﻣﻥ ﺃﺻﺣﺎﺑﻪ ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﺻﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﺳﻭﻝ ﷲ ‪ -‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻡ ‪ . -‬ﻭﻣﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ ﺃﺑﻲ ﻫﺭﻳﺭﺓ ‪-‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﷲ ﻋﻧﻪ‪ -‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻭﻝ ﷲ ‪ -‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺩﻳﺙ ﻣﻌﺎﺫ ‪\" :‬ﻛﻧﺕ ﺭﺩﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﻧﺑﻲ ‪ -‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻡ ‪ -‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻣﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻡ ‪\" : -‬ﻣﻥ ﺳﺋﻝ ﻋﻥ ﻋﻠﻡ ﻓﻛﺗﻣﻪ ﺃﻟﺟﻣﻪ ﷲ ﻳﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻳﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻠﺟﺎﻡ ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺑﻪ ﺧﻁﻭﻁ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺻﺭﺍﻁ ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺳﺑﻝ ‪ .‬ﻭﺭﺳﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﺫ ‪ ،‬ﺃﺗﺩﺭﻱ ﻣﺎ ﺣﻖ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺑﺎﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺣﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺑﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﺑﻌﺎً ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﻧﺳﺎﻥ‪)..‬ﺍﻟﺑﺧﺎﺭﻱ( ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺭ\")ﺃﺣﻣﺩ( ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪ -‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻡ ‪\" : -‬ﺑﻠﻐﻭﺍ ﻋﻧﻲ ﻭﻟﻭ‬ ‫ﷲ‪)\"..‬ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺧﺎﻥ( ‪..‬‬ ‫ﺁﻳﺔ\")ﺍﻟﺑﺧﺎﺭﻱ( ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪ -‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻡ ‪\" : -‬ﻧﺿﺭ ﷲ ﺍﻣﺭءﺍً‬ ‫ﺩ‪ -‬ﻭﺃﺣﻳﺎﻧﺎً ﻳﺣﻛﻲ ﻗﺻﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﻡ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻣﻊ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺗﻲ ﻓﻭﻋﺎﻫﺎ ﻓﺄﺩﺍﻫﺎ ﻛﻣﺎ ﺳﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﺭﺏ ﻣﺑﻠﻎ ﺃﻭﻋﻰ ﻣﻥ ﺳﺎﻣﻊ\"‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺗﺷﻭﻳﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻧﻭﻳﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺣﺩﻳﺙ )‪ (24‬ﻣﻥ ﺃﺻﺣﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﻣﺎ ﻳﺷﻌﺭ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ‪ -‬ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺍﻟﺫﻳﻥ ﺁﻭﺍﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﻳﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻏﺎﺭ ﻓﺩﻋﻭﺍ ﷲ ﺑﺻﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ ﺃﺣﻳﺎﻧﺎً ﻳﻁﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺻﺣﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﺗﺳﺎﺋﻼً ‪\" :‬ﺃﺗﺩﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﷲ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻡ ‪ -‬ﻓﻲ ﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﻣﻥ ﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻣﺎﻟﻬﻡ)ﻣﺗﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ( ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻗﺗﻝ ﺗﺳﻌﺔ ﻭﺗﺳﻌﻳﻥ ﻧﻔﺳﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﻳﺑﺔ\")ﻣﺳﻠﻡ( ‪\" ،‬ﺃﺗﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻔﻠﺱ\")ﺃﺣﻣﺩ( ‪\" ،‬ﺇﻥ ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻧﻅﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺛﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﺑﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻭﻝ ﺃﺑﻲ ﺫﺭ ‪-‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﷲ ﻋﻧﻪ‪\" : -‬ﻟﻭ‬ ‫)ﻣﺗﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ( ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺛﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻛﺛﻳﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺷﺟﺭ ﺷﺟﺭﺓ ﻻ ﻳﺳﻘﻁ ﻭﺭﻗﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻧﻣﺎ ﻣﺛﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﺗﻡ ﺍﻟﺻﻣﺻﺎﻣﺔ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺳﻳﻑ ‪ -‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ‪ -‬ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺭﻗﺑﺗﻪ ‪-‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻧﺎﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﻌﻠﻳﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺧﺑﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ\")ﻣﺗﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ( ‪ .‬ﻭﻻ ﺷﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﺅﺍﻝ ﻣﺩﻋﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺗﻁﻌﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻧﻔﺫ ﻛﻠﻣﺔ ﺳﻣﻌﺗﻬﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺭﺳﻭﻝ ﷲ ‪ -‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺣﺩﻳﺙ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ‪ -‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻡ ‪ -‬ﻳﺣﺩﺙ ﺃﺻﺣﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫‪ ، -‬ﻗﺑﻝ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺟﻬﺯﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻷﻧﻔﺫﺗﻬﺎ\")ﺍﻟﺑﺧﺎﺭﻱ( ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺟﺎء ﺭﺟﻝ ﻓﺳﺄﻝ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻓﻣﺿﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺩﻳﺛﻪ ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻗﻭﻡ ‪ :‬ﺳﻣﻊ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻛﺭﻩ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﻭﻡ ‪ :‬ﻟﻡ ﻳﺳﻣﻊ ‪ .‬ﺛﻡ ﺳﺄﻝ ﻣﺭﺓ ﺃﺧﺭﻯ ‪ :‬ﻣﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺗﻔﻛﻳﺭ ﻭﺗﻧﻣﻳﺗﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺩﻋﺎﺓ ﻟﻼﺷﺗﻳﺎﻕ ﻟﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺟﻭﺍﺏ ﻣﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺭﻏﻳﺑﻪ ﺃﺻﺣﺎﺑﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻋﺔ ؟ ﻓﻣﺿﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺩﻳﺛﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﺗﻬﻰ ﻣﻥ ﺣﺩﻳﺛﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺃﻳﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻋﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ -‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻡ ‪ : -‬ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺃﺭﺳﺦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻫﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻻ ﺷﻙ ﺃﻥ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﻏﻳﺏ ﺩﻭﺭﺍً ﻛﺑﻳﺭﺍً ﻓﻲ ﺇﻳﺟﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫ُﺿ ِّﻳﻌﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻧﺔ ﻓﺎﻧﺗﻅﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻋﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺇﺿﺎﻋﺗﻬﺎ ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺳﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺣﻳﺎﻧﺎً ﻳﻐﻳﺭ ﻧﺑﺭﺍﺕ ﺻﻭﺗﻪ ‪\" :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺧﻁﺏ ﺍﺣﻣﺭﺕ ﻋﻳﻧﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﺩﻯ ﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻟﻠﺗﻌﻠﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺗﺯﺍﺩﺓ ﻣﻥ ﻳﻧﺎﺑﻳﻌﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﺣﻳﻥ ﺟﺎء‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻏﻳﺭ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻓﺎﻧﺗﻅﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻋﺔ)ﻣﺳﻠﻡ( ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻭ ‪ -‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻼ ﺻﻭﺗﻪ ﻭﺍﺷﺗﺩ ﻏﺿﺑﻪ ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﻣﻧﺫﺭ ﺟﻳﺵ ﻳﻘﻭﻝ ﺻﺑﺣﻛﻡ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻧﻔﺭ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺟﺎﻟﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺻﺣﺎﺑﻪ ﻓﺟﻠﺱ ﺃﺣﺩﻫﻡ ﺧﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺣﻠﻘﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺭ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻓﺭﺟﺔ ﻓﺟﻠﺱ ﻓﻳﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻟﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺳﺎﻛﻡ\")ﻣﺳﻠﻡ( ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺣﻳﺎﻧﺎً ﻳﻐﻳﺭ ﺟﻠﺳﺗﻪ ﻛﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺩﻳﺙ ﺃﻛﺑﺭ ﺍﻟﻛﺑﺎﺋﺭ ‪\" :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺗﻛﺋﺎً‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻋﺭﺽ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ -‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻡ ‪ -‬ﺑﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ‪\" :‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻓﺟﻠﺱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻻ ﻭﻗﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺭ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻻ ﻭﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺭ\")ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺧﺎﻥ( ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﻠﻡ ‪ -‬ﺭﻏﻡ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻡ ﻳﻘﻁﻊ ﺣﺩﻳﺛﻪ ﻟﻡ ﻳﻧ َﺱ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﻭﻟﻡ ﻳﻬﻣﻠﻪ ‪.‬‬