And another important word is 51 embellishment:- Verse and song beautify and decorate and give pleasure, but Aristotle does not regard them as essential for the success of a tragedy. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
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53 SONGS OR MELODY Songs is the pleasurable addition to a play. In a tragedy, song is provided by the Chorus. The quantitative sections of tragedy are ; ❖Prologue ❖Choric song ❖Episode ❖Exode www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
About Catharsis:- 54 #In the Poetics, while defining tragedy, Aristotle writes that the function of tragedy is to arouse the emotions of pity and fear, and in this way to affect the Katharsis of these emotion. #Further the Greek word Katharsis has three meanings:- Purgation purification clarification All agree that Tragedy arouses fear and pity, but there are sharp differences as to the process, the way, by which the rousing of these emotions gives pleasure. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
Having examined the definition, nature and function 55 of ‘Tragedy, Aristotle comes to its formative parts. Six formative elements of a tragedy Plot Diction Thought Song Character Spectacle Unit-1(MAP-607) www.cuidol.in All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
Complex plots are those which have Peripety 56 and Anagnorisis or Discovery or Recognition Anagnorisis: Peripeteia : Anagnorisis or recognition is the Peripeteia means that human realization of truth, the opening actions produce results exactly of the eyes, the sudden opposite to what was lightning-flash in the darkness. intended: it is working in blindness to one’s own defeat. It is a false step taken in the dark.(e.g., Macbeth) www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
Characterization:- 57 Showing a perfectly good Such kind of plot will not Showing a bad man It is not man passing from inspire pity and fear it will rising from misery to tragic at all happiness to misery be simply odious or happiness horrible Showing an extremely It will move us neither to bad man falling from pity nor fear. happiness to misery “A man who is not eminently good and just yet whose misfortune is not brought by vice or depravity but by some error of frailty”. Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL www.cuidol.in
58 Further Traits of Characters:- The characters They must be They must have must be good appropriate likeness They must have consistency Aristotle means that they must be true to type, slave should behave as slaves are generally known to behave. There must be no sudden and unaccountable change in character. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
The Ideal Tragic Hero:- 59 He should neither be perfectly He should be a man neither of a He is a man of ordinary good not utterly bad . blameless character nor a weaknesses and virtues, like our depraved villain. selves, leaning more to the side of good than of evil. Suffering, not because of some deliberate villainy but because of some error of judgment. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
“Hamartia” 60 Ignorance Hasty or careless view Decision taken voluntarily Oedipus Othello Hamlet It may be accompanied by normal imperfection, but it is not itself a moral imperfection, and in the purest tragic situation the suffering hero is not morally to blame. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
The Dramatic Unities 61 Unity of Time #Comparing the Epic and the Tragedy:- “Tragedy tries as far as possible, to live within a single revolution of the sun, or only slightly to exceed it, whereas the epic observes no limits in its time of action”. About the Unity of Time he merely says in the Poetics that tragedy should confine itself, “as far as possible”, to a single revolution of the sun. www.cuidol.in All right are reserved with CU-IDOL Unit-1(MAP-607)
Unity of 62 PlaceAristotle only mentions when comparing the epic and the tragedy, that the epic can narrate a number of actions going on simultaneously in different parts, while in drama such simultaneous actions cannot be represented, for the stage is one part and not several parts, or places. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
Unity of Action 63 Tight plot – not episodic; events have the logical connectedness. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
EPIC AND TRAGEDY 64 * Unity of plot in epic. * Contrast between epic and tragedy. * Superiority of tragedy over epic. * Tragedy is possible without character but not without plot. * Epic is of four types : simple and complex, epic of character, epic of suffering. * Tragedy is of four types : The complex tragedy, the tragedy of suffering, the tragedy of character, the tragedy of spectacle. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
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Types of Recognition 66 www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
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68 THANK YOU www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
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