2 Communication Skills Model-V2

Course On Campus to Corporate: Communication Skill Model _________________________________________________________________ UNIT – 2: Communication Skills Model Structure: 2.0 Learning Objectives 2.1 Aristotle’s Model 2.2 Lasswell’s Model 2.3 Schramm’s Model 2.4 Westley and Maclean’s Model 2.5 Barnlund’s Transactional Model 2.6 Dance’s Helical Model 2.7 Reference Page 1 of 7 All Rights Reserved. Vol. TLE001/03-2022

Course On Campus to Corporate: Communication Skill Model 2.0 Learning Objectives After studying this unit, you will be able to: ⚫ Explain the different communication skill models. ⚫ Use the best communication skill model to deliver your ideas. 2.1 Aristotle’s Model Aristotle was a philosopher whose namesake is the “Aristotle’s Model of Communication”. He emphasized the importance of the role of the audience in the communication chain. Hence, this model focuses mainly on public speaking rather than interpersonal communication. Aristotle’s Model of Communication applies to a person giving a speech to an audience. Hence, here, the speaker and their speech is of great importance. Aristotle advises speakers to narrate their speech basis the audience and occasion to create the desired effect. The intention of the speech is to persuade the listeners towards the speaker. Aristotle’s Model of Communication consists of five elements: • Speaker • Speech • Occasion • Audience • Effect Page 2 of 7 All Rights Reserved. Vol. TLE001/03-2022

Course On Campus to Corporate: Communication Skill Model 2.2 Lasswell’s Model Harold Dwight Lasswell, was an American political scientist who stated that the simplest way to describe an act of communication is to answer the following questions: • Who? • Says What? • In Which Channel? • To Whom? • With what effect? This model is described as “linear or unidirectional since it does not consider two-way communication or dialogue”. The principal attention of this version is broken down with the aid of each element of verbal exchange: \"'who' refers back to the communicator who formulates the message; 'what' is the content of message, ‘channel’ stands for the mode of transmission, ‘whom’ could be an individual or a group that the communication is directed towards, ‘effect’ is final result of the message. The version may be utilized in pedagogical settings: to train students on essential elements of a conversation system and as a place to begin for developing hypotheses. The below table shows the element and analysis of each of the questions posed: Page 3 of 7 All Rights Reserved. Vol. TLE001/03-2022

Course On Campus to Corporate: Communication Skill Model 2.3 Schramm’s Model Information is useless, until, it is carefully put into words; which the target audience can understand. Encoding performs a vital function, as it initiates the procedure of conversation by converting the notion into content. When content or information reaches the target audience, it is intended to be understood by the audience, the way it was intended by the sender. Until the message or information is understood by the audience, the way it was intended by the sender, the communication is of no use. Schramm emphasized that communication is incomplete until the sender receives feedback from the receiver. In this way, Schramm established that communication is a two-way process between two parties. To conclude, according to this model of communication, when a sender passes on the information to the receiver; the receiver must interpret it in the desired form the sender wants and give him the feedback or respond accordingly. Any communication where the sender does not get the feedback, the communication is not complete and thus ineffective. 2.4 Westley and Maclean’s Model Bruce Westley and Malcolm S. MacLean Jr jointly proposed the model Page 4 of 7 All Rights Reserved. Vol. TLE001/03-2022

Course On Campus to Corporate: Communication Skill Model of communication, which is now known as Westley and Maclean’s Model of communication. The Westley and Maclean’s Model states that “communication does not start when someone talks, but rather when the person responds to their surroundings”. This model places emphasis on the relationship between the surroundings and the process of communication. As per this model, communication begins when a person receives a message from their surroundings. Features: ▪ This model takes into consideration feedback. ▪ It can account for both interpersonal communication and mass communication. ▪ It is a predictive model of communication and very descriptive too. ▪ It also accounts for non-binary interactions; this means, that it will remain good even for communications involving more than two sources. ▪ This model is two dimensional since it takes into account the understanding of the receiver as well. 2.5 Barnlund’s Transactional Model Dean C. Barnlund defines communication as \"a word that describes the process of creating a meaning.\" As per the Barnlund’s Transactional Model, giving and receiving messages is reciprocal. Both the sender and receiver are responsible for the effect and effectiveness of communication. The Transactional model consists of three principles: 1. People send messages continuously and simultaneously. 2. Communication events have a past, present and future. 3. Participants have a role in the conversation. Page 5 of 7 All Rights Reserved. Vol. TLE001/03-2022

Course On Campus to Corporate: Communication Skill Model This model takes into consideration that communication is cyclical and we simultaneously send and receive messages. As shown in the above image communication is to and fro, between both the participants. Both are senders and receivers. Both the participants need to find a common ground for their understanding and receive feedback to confirm understanding of the other participant. 2.6 Dance’s Helical Model Helical Model is derived from the word helix, which is a three dimensional shape of a conical spiral, starting with a narrow bottom and moving to a wide top. This theory was proposed by Frank Dance. Just like a spiral, Dance’s Helical model starts small with a narrow bottom, which gradually grows towards the top. It takes time to reach from the bottom to the top, which is never ending. Just like the spiral, communication as per Dance’s Helical Model grows, as it reaches the next level. An example if this is, a child who when born, is able to communicate only by crying. As the child grows, he learns words to communicate, these words will be used throughout his life. Page 6 of 7 All Rights Reserved. Vol. TLE001/03-2022

Course On Campus to Corporate: Communication Skill Model In this way, this model concludes that “communication is a continuous curve basis past experiences of an individual”. 2.7 Reference • https://www.communicationtheory.org/aristotle%E2%80%99s- communication-model/ • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasswell%27s_model_of_communic ation#:~:text=Lasswell's%20model%20of%20communication%20 (also,what%20effect%20it%20was%20said. • https://www.managementstudyguide.com/schramm-model-of- communication Page 7 of 7 All Rights Reserved. Vol. TLE001/03-2022