MAE603-eL7

IDOL Institute of Distance and Online Learning ENHANCE YOUR QUALIFICATION, ADVANCE YOUR CAREER.

IDOL Institute of Distance and Online Learning M.A 2 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL English Course Code: MAE 603 Semester: First Book ID: ………… Unit: 7 www.cuidol.in Unit-7 MAE 603

IDOL ENGLISH Institute of Distance and Online Learning 33 OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION Student will be introduced to Restoration Period In this unit we are going to learn about the Restoration Age Student will be introduced to R.B.Sheridan as a dramatist The student will be able to understand features of dramas of Restoration Age Student will be able to understand R.B.Sheridan’s play, The School for Scandal Student will be introduced to The School for Scandal www.cuidol.in Unit-7 MAEQ 61013) INASlTl ITriUgThEt OarFeDrIeSsTeArNvCeEd AwNitDh OCNUL-IIDNOE LLEARNING

IDOL TOPICS TO BE COVERED Institute of Distance and Online Learning 4 > Restoration Age > R.B.Sheridan as a playwright > The play, The School for Scandal www.cuidol.in Unit-7 MAE 603 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL Restoration Period Institute of Distance and Online Learning 5 One of the most important and interesting aspects of literature is the way that it both responds to and is inevitably shaped by the political context in which it is written. Some of the best examples of this can be found in the Restoration period, which lasted from 1660 to around 1688. The name 'restoration' comes from the crowning of Charles II, which marks the restoring of the traditional English monarchical form of government following a short period of rule by a handful of republican governments. At the heart of this literature is the attempt to come to terms with the political events that had occurred in previous decades. The writings of this time are both innovative and varied; the style and subject matter of the literature produced during the Restoration period spanned the spectrum from definitively religious to satirical and risqué. In 1688, James II, Charles II's brother, was removed from the throne, which many scholars use to mark the end of Restoration literature. www.cuidol.in Unit-7 MAE 603 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL Restoration Period Institute of Distance and Online Learning 6 One of the most significant aspects of the Restoration Literature is the return of the theatre Political Context:- In addition to conveniently providing the title for the period, the restoration of Charles II has a particularly defining influence on the literature that was written in the second half of the 17th century. The political events of the previous decades resulted in tremendous turmoil for the English people. The divisions between those who supported a more traditional form of government and those who wanted a more republican form of government led to strong tensions throughout England. These tensions led to the English Civil War, which lasted from 1642 to 1651 and was a particularly brutal experience for many British people. The war culminated with the beheading of Charles I in 1649, and from 1649 to 1659, various forms of republican government ruled Britain. www.cuidol.in Unit-7 MAE 603 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL Restoration Period Institute of Distance and Online Learning 7 In 1660, Charles II became king, thereby restoring the English monarchy. After Charles II died in 1685, his brother, James II, took over the throne. Afraid of the policies James II might introduce, William III removed James II in 1688 and took over the English throne in 1689. This act is often referred to as the Glorious Revolution because, relative to the violence of the English Civil War, the transfer of power was not very bloody. Some scholars use the displacement of James II as one place to mark the end of the Restoration period. As with all periods of literature, this is a somewhat arbitrary date, and as we'll see in the rest of this lesson, not all of the styles and themes common to the Restoration era literature perfectly coincide with this date. www.cuidol.in Unit-7 MAE 603 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL Restoration Period Institute of Distance and Online Learning 8 Philosophical Context:- The start of the Restoration period roughly coincides with the beginning of what is known as the Enlightenment, which lasted until the end of the 18th century. The Enlightenment was defined by an emphasis on reason and logic; the thinkers of the period, moreover, helped develop the modern science that treats the natural world as a knowable and testable subject. Although the influence of the Enlightenment on the Restoration period is tremendous, it's important to note the humility towards human reason that is common to much Restoration literature. Many Restoration writers viewed the changes to their government, and the violence that these changes brought with them, as the direct result of those who dogmatically held to their ideology. In this sense, the political events that occurred in England provide insight into the skepticism that is at the heart of Restoration literature. www.cuidol.in Unit-7 MAE 603 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL Restoration Period Institute of Distance and Online Learning 9 Comedy of Manner:- The Comedy of Manners is a theatrical genre that was uber-popular during the Restoration period. These comedies were bawdy and dirty, with lots of hilarious (and scandalous) dialogue focusing on social issues Satire:- The Restoration writers couldn't get enough satire. What's the deal with satire? Satire is when we joke or exaggerate in order to point up someone else's flaws. www.cuidol.in Unit-7 MAE 603 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL Restoration Period Institute of Distance and Online Learning 10 Heroic Couplet:- A heroic couplet is two lines of verse (in ten syllables each), which rhyme. It does not, however, contrary to popular belief, rescue puppies from burning buildings, help old ladies across streets Social Life:- The Restoration writers weren't interested in silly things like nature (ew, dirt), or grand philosophical questions (ugh, boring). They were interested in all the drama that went on in the society www.cuidol.in Unit-7 MAE 603 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL Restoration Period Institute of Distance and Online Learning 11 Politics:- The \"Restoration\" in Restoration literature comes from a political event (the restoration of monarchy in Britain in 1660) so it's no huge surprise that politics, and political themes are major things Faith:- The Restoration period has given us some of the most important religious literature in the English language. www.cuidol.in Unit-7 MAE 603 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL Restoration Period Institute of Distance and Online Learning Restoration of Monarchy:- 12 Once upon a time there was a king called Charles I. He was king of England. Then this guy called Oliver Cromwell came along and, along with his buddies, beheaded the king, and Monarchy was established Rejection of Puritanism:- When the Republicans, under Oliver Cromwell, held sway in England, Puritanism ruled the land. However, Puritanism was rejected Reopening of Theaters:- The Puritans (like Oliver Cromwell) who fought to abolish monarchy in England didn't like the theaters. They saw them as cesspits that bred all kinds of immoral behavior. French Literature:- Charles II spent many years in exile in France before he was restored to the English throne. During this period came under the influence of French culture. He not only dressed and styled himself according to that culture but also wanted to restore some of the values www.cuidol.in Unit-7 MAE 603 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL Restoration Period Institute of Distance and Online Learning 13 Q:- What is the meaning of Restoration Age/Period? A—Theatres were reopened in this age B—Theatres were banned C—Theatres were abolished D—Theatres were increased www.cuidol.in Unit-7 MAE 603 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL R.B.Sheridan Institute of Distance and Online Learning 14 •He was an Irish satirist, a playwright, poet, and long-term owner of the London Theatre Royal, Drury Lane. • He is known for his plays such as The Rivals, The School for Scandal, The Duenna, and A Trip to Scarborough. •He was also a Whig MP for 32 years in the British House of Commons for Stafford (1780–1806), Westminster (1806–1807), and Ilchester (1807–1812). www.cuidol.in Unit-7 MAE 603 Born: 30 October 1751, Dublin, Ireland Died: 7 July 1816, Savile Row, London, United Kingdom Spartacus Educational All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL R.B.Sheridan Institute of Distance and Online Learning 15 He is buried at Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey. His plays remain a central part of the canon and are regularly performed worldwide. After his marriage Sheridan turned to the theatre for a livelihood. His comedy The Rivals opened at Covent Garden Theatre, London, in January 1775. His plays remain a central part of the canon and are regularly performed worldwide. www.cuidol.in Unit-7 MAE 603 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL 16 CHARACTERS-THE SCHOOL FOR SCANDALInstitute of Distance and OnlineLearning Joseph Surface Charles Surface Sir Oliver Surface Sir Peter Teazle Lady Teazle Maria Lady Sneerwell Mrs. Candour Mr. Snake Moses www.cuidol.in Unit-7 MAE 603 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL Summary-The School For Scandal Institute of Distance and Online Learning 17 School for Scandal begins in the dressing room of Lady Sneerwell, a wealthy widow with a penchant for plotting and spreading rumors. Lady Sneerwell has hired Snake to forge letters for her and place false stories in the gossip columns. They discuss her plot to stop Charles Surface, whom she loves, from becoming engaged to the heiress Maria. Lady Sneerwell is conspiring with Charles’s older brother Joseph, who has a reputation for goodness, but is really a selfish hypocrite and liar, and who wants to marry Maria for her money. Snake departs and a group of gossipmongers, including Joseph, Mrs. Candour, Sir Benjamin Backbite, and Mr. Crabtree congregate at Lady Sneerwell’s house. Maria is also there, but she rushes from the room in distress when the others gossip about Charles’s enormous debts and financial misfortunes. www.cuidol.in Unit-7 MAE 603 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL 18 Institute of Distance and Online Learning Summary-The School for Scandal The second act begins with a quarrel between the Teazles in their home. Lady Teazle wants large sums of money to buy luxury goods. Sir Peter reminds her that she grew up simply and lived with none of the things she now says she needs. Lady Teazle says she remembers that boring life well. After his wife leaves, Sir Peter marvels at how attractive she is when she argues with him. At Lady Sneerwell’s the gossipmongers (now including the Teazles) are laughing at their acquaintances’ appearances and misfortunes. Maria and Sir Peter find this gossip appalling, while Lady Teazle joins in with the others in making jokes at others’ expenses. www.cuidol.in Unit-7 MAE 603 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL Summary-The School for Scandal Institute of Distance and Online Learning 19 The next scene introduces Sir Peter Teazle and his confidante Mr. Rowley. Sir Peter has lived all his life as a bachelor, but seven months ago married a much younger woman. He and Lady Teazle fight all the time and Sir Peter is sure his wife is always to blame. He complains of the bad influence that Lady Sneerwell has on his wife. He is also upset because Maria, who is his ward, does not want to marry Joseph. Sir Peter, who served for some time as a guardian to the Surface brothers, is convinced that Joseph is an exemplary young man with strong morals, and he believes that Charles is not only badly behaved, but also bad deep down. Rowley disagrees: he thinks Charles is wild, but will grow up into a good man. Rowley delivers the news that Sir Peter’s old friend Sir Oliver Surface has arrived back in England after sixteen years in the East Indies. www.cuidol.in Unit-7 MAE 603 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL Summary-The School for Scandal Institute of Distance and Online Learning 20 The second act begins with a quarrel between the Teazles in their home. Lady Teazle wants large sums of money to buy luxury goods. Sir Peter reminds her that she grew up simply and lived with none of the things she now says she needs. Lady Teazle says she remembers that boring life well. After his wife leaves, Sir Peter marvels at how attractive she is when she argues with him. At Lady Sneerwell’s the gossipmongers (now including the Teazles) are laughing at their acquaintances’ appearances and misfortunes. Maria and Sir Peter find this gossip appalling, while Lady Teazle joins in with the others in making jokes at others’ expenses. Away from the others, Joseph tries to convince Maria to consider him as a potential husband, but she refuses. Although she says she knows from all she has heard that Charles is not fit to marry her, she will not consider marrying his brother. Lady Teazle, who has been considering taking Joseph as a lover, enters the room to find Joseph on his knees in front of Maria. He makes an excuse and, after Lady Teazle sends Maria from the room, begins to try to seduce Lady Teazle, but she is not sure whether to trust his explanation of what she saw. www.cuidol.in Unit-7 MAE 603 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL Summary-The School for Scandal Institute of Distance and Online Learning 21 Rowley brings Sir Oliver to see Sir Peter’s house. They rejoice at being reunited, and Sir Peter gives Sir Oliver his impressions of the Joseph and Charles (who are his nephews and potential heirs). Sir Oliver thinks that the description of Joseph that Sir Peter gives is too good to be true. Sir Oliver hatches a plot to test his nephews’ characters and choose an heir. When Sir Oliver left the country Charles and Joseph were too young to now remember what he looks like, and Sir Oliver plans to use this fact to test them. He plans to go to Charles disguised as a moneylender named “Mr. Premium,” to see how extravagant Charles really is. To test Joseph’s alleged morality, he plans to visit his older nephew in the guise of a poor relative who needs charity named “Mr. Stanley.” www.cuidol.in Unit-7 MAE 603 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL Summary-The School for Scandal Institute of Distance and Online Learning 22 Rowley introduces Sir Oliver to Moses, a Jewish moneylender who will accompany him to see Charles, and the two men leave to call on Charles. Left alone, Sir Peter immediately gets into an argument with Maria, who says she will not obey his command to marry Joseph. Maria runs from the room and Lady Teazle enters. Sir Peter proposes that they should stop their quarrelling and his wife agrees, but when he tells her that she was always the one to start their fights in the past, they begin to fight again. Sir Peter accuses Lady Teazle of having an affair with Charles Surface, a rumor that Snake and Lady Sneerwell have been spreading. She indignantly denies this and leaves. Sir Peter is infuriated, especially because Lady Teazle never loses her temper when they fight. www.cuidol.in Unit-7 MAE 603 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL Summary-The School for Scandal Institute of Distance and Online Learning 23 Sir Oliver, pretending to be Mr. Premium, arrives with Moses at Charles’s house, where Charles is drinking and playing cards with friends. Charles appeals to Mr. Premium for money, explaining that although he has sold off all his property, he expects to be the heir of the fabulously wealthy Sir Oliver. Charles suggests that Mr. Premium can collect the debt when Sir Oliver dies. Mr. Premium presses Charles for other collateral, and Charles suggests that he can sell him the family portraits. Inwardly, Sir Oliver is shocked at the disrespect this shows to family tradition, but he bids for the portraits in an auction. As the auction nears its end, Sir Oliver asks if Charles will sell him a specific portrait. Charles refuses, saying that it is the portrait of his generous benefactor Sir Oliver. Touched, Sir Oliver inwardly forgives Charles for being so extravagant. www.cuidol.in Unit-7 MAE 603 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL 24 Summary-THE SCHOOL FOR SCANDALInstitute of Distance and Online Learning In the next scene, Lady Teazle arrives late for a date with Joseph at his house. She complains about her fights with Sir Peter, but is still unsure whether she wants to commit adultery with Joseph. Sir Peter arrives and, terrified of being discovered, Lady Teazle hides behind a screen in Joseph’s room as Sir Peter makes his way up the stairs. Sir Peter confides in Joseph that he is worried his wife is having an affair with Charles, but that he plans to soon give her financial independence from him, which he hopes will ease their fights. Sir Peter begins to talk to Joseph about his desire to marry Maria, but Joseph tries to stop him, not wanting Lady Teazle to learn that he is courting Maria too. At that moment, Charles arrives. Sir Peter says he will eavesdrop on the brothers to discover the truth about Charles and his wife. Sir Peter tries to hide behind the screen, but Joseph stops him, explaining that he already has a lover hiding there. Sir Peter hides in a closet instead. Charles enters and Joseph asks him about Lady Teazle. Charles denies any involvement with Lady Teazle and begins to say that he believed Joseph and Lady Teazle were the ones having the affair. Joseph stops Charles by telling him Sir Peter is listening. Sir Peter comes out and tells Charles he is very relieved. Joseph leaves the room for a moment and Sir Peter tells Charles that his brother has a woman hidden in the room. As Joseph returns to the room, the screen is pulled down to reveal Lady Teazle. Although Joseph tries to explain Lady Teazle’s presence there, Lady Teazle tells her husband the truth: she was considering having an affair with Joseph, who she now understands is a liar and hypocrite. She says that, even if she had not been discovered, she would have changed her treatment of Sir Peter after hearing how kindly he spoke about her. www.cuidol.in Unit-7 MAE 603 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL Summary-THE SCHOOL FOR SCANDAL Institute of Distance and Online Learning 25 Soon after the Teazles leave, Joseph is visited by Sir Oliver, who pretends to be a poor relative named Mr. Stanley. Joseph speaks politely and eloquently about charity, but he tells Mr. Stanley that he has no money to give and that the rumors that his uncle sends him large sums of money are false. Under his breath, Sir Oliver says that Charles will be his heir. After Sir Oliver leaves, Rowley arrives to tell Joseph that his uncle has returned from the Indies and that he will bring him to Joseph’s house soon to see him. Joseph curses the bad timing of his uncle’s arrival. At Sir Peter’s house, the gossipmongers have gathered to try to find out what really happened between the Teazles. The servant refuses them entry so they stand in an anteroom arguing about what the real story is. Some believe that Sir Peter caught Lady Teazle with Charles, while others allege that it was Joseph. They also report that Sir Peter was wounded in a duel fought with the wife-stealing Surface brother, but there is no consensus about whether swords or pistols were used in the fight. Sir Peter then walks in unharmed and shouts for the ridiculous gossips to leave his house. Rowley and Sir Oliver arrive to tell Sir Peter to come to Joseph’s house for the meeting between the Surface brothers and Sir Oliver. Rowley pleads Lady Teazle’s case, saying that he spoke to her and she feels terrible for the pain and embarrassment she caused him. Upon Rowley’s urging, Sir Peter decides to reconcile with Lady Teazle. www.cuidol.in Unit-7 MAE 603 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL Summary-THE SCHOOL FOR SCANDAL Institute of Distance and Online Learning 26 At Joseph’s house, Lady Sneerwell complains that Joseph ruined her chance to disrupt Charles and Maria’s engagement by getting caught pursuing Lady Teazle. Joseph tells Lady Sneerwell she may still have a chance with Charles because Snake has forged letters that suggest Charles has pledged to marry Lady Sneerwell, which should also ruin Charles’s chances with Maria. Sir Oliver and Charles arrive, and Lady Sneerwell hides in the next room. The brothers wish to make a good impression on Sir Oliver and try to force the man they believe to be Mr. Premium or Mr. Stanley from the room, fearing what he will say to their uncle about their behavior. Sir Peter, Lady Teazle, Rowley, and Maria arrive, and the Teazles reveal to the Surface brothers that the man they are throwing out of the house is their Uncle Oliver. Joseph tries to make excuses for his behavior, but Charles only apologizes for having disrespected the family by selling the portraits. Sir Oliver tells Charles he forgives him everything and Joseph that he sees through his hypocrisy. Lady Teazle suggests that Charles may also be interested in gaining Maria’s forgiveness, but Maria says that she knows he is already engaged to another. Charles is dumbfounded. Lady Sneerwell emerges from hiding to claim that Charles is engaged to her, but Rowley summons Snake, who reveals that he was paid to forge letters for Lady Sneerwell, but paid double to reveal the truth to Rowley. Lady Sneerwell storms from the room in frustration and Joseph follows. The play ends with an engagement between Maria and Charles, who will be his uncle’s sole heir. www.cuidol.in Unit-7 MAE 603 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL Analysis-The School for Scandal Institute of Distance and Online Learning 27 • Understanding of the Comedy of Manners. • How to use Irony and Satire in comedies. • Learning the intrigues such as forgeries and spying. • Knowing about the meeting of the aristocracy and common folk. www.cuidol.in Unit-7 MAE 603 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL THEMES-THE SCHOOL FOR SCANDAL Institute of Distance and Online Learning 28 •Gossip •Marriage •Scandal •Gender Politics •Family •Money www.cuidol.in Unit-7 MAE 603 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL THEMES-THE SCHOOL FOR SCANDAL Institute of Distance and Online Learning 29 Q:- What is the major theme in the play, The School For Scandal? A—Scandal B—Gossip C—Satire D—Pastime www.cuidol.in Unit-7 MAE 603 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL References Institute of Distance and Online Learning 30 1. Leech, C. (1978). Marlowe: A Collection of Critical Essays (Twentieth Century Views Series). New Delhi: Prentice Hall India 2. O’Neill, J. (1969). Critics on Marlowe. London: Allen & Unwin 3. Sharma, G. ed. (1984). Reinterpretations of Marlowe’s Faustus: A Collection of Critical Essays. New Delhi: Doaba House 4. Bradley, A.C. (2009). Shakespearean Tragedy: Lectures on Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth. New Delhi: Dodo Press 5. Kaufmann, R.J. (1970). Elizabethan Drama: Modern Essays in Criticism. Oxford: Oxford University Press 6. Harbage, A. (2005). Shakespeare: The Tragedies: A Collection of Critical Essays. New Delhi: Pearson 7. Adelman, .t ed. (1980). Twentieth Century Interpretations of King Lear. New Delhi: Prentice-Hall India 8. Morwood, J. & Crane, D. , Ed. (1996). Sheridan Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 9. Chaudhary, A.D. (2010). Contemporary British Drama. India : Penguin Books. 10. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Drama 11. study.com › academy › lesson › history-of-drama-dramatic-movements 12. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › History_of_theatre 13. englishhistory.net › shakespeare › elizabethan-theatre www.cuidol.in Unit-7 MAE 603 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL Institute of Distance and Online Learning 31 THANK YOU For queries Email: [email protected] www.cuidol.in Unit-7 MAE 603 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL