MAP 605 7

IDOL Institute of Distance and Online Learning ENHANCE YOUR QUALIFICATION, ADVANCE YOUR CAREER.

M.A. 2 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL Advanced Counselling Skills-1 Course Code: MAP603 Semester: First e-Lesson: 7 7-8-9 SLM Unit : www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (MAP 605)

ADVANCED COUNSELING SKILLS-1 33 OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION Student will be able to understand the concept In this unit we are going to learn about educational counselling. concept of educational vocational counseling. Student will be able to know the role of counsellor and role of teachers in counselling. Under this unit students will be able to know the role of counsellor in education Student will be able to understand the challenges and vocational counseling . of educational counseling Student will learn process of Student will be able to understand concept transactional analysis. vocational training and transactional analysis. INSTITAUlTlErOigFhDt IaSrTeArNeCsEerAvNeDd OwNithLINCEUL-IEDAORLNING www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (MAP 605)

EDUCATIONAL , VOCATIONAL COUNSELING AND 4 TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS > Introduction of Educational Counselling > Vocational Counselling > Challenges in Education Counselling > Role of teacher in Counselling > Key responsibilities in Counselling Unit-1 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL > Meaning and Types of Vocational Counselling > Origin Transaction Analysis www.cuidol.in

EDUCATION COUNSELING 5 •The term educational counselling has been rooted deeply with the https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/educa problems and conditions of school and college going students. tional-counseling-8739940355.html • A major area of educational counselling basically comprises of All right are reserved with CU-IDOL school counselling. • A school counsellor or educator is one who works in school and has historically been referred to as ‘guidance counsellor’ or ‘educational counsellor’ because he/she basically helps out the students through guiding them in their profession. • Most of the schools these days appoint a career counsellor who more or less helps out the students in choosing the best suited career according to their aptitude, intelligence ability etc www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (MAP 605)

EDUCATIONAL COUNSELING 6 •It is a field that focuses on the preparation of students to https://www.aadicareercentre.com/educational- professionally apply the theory and principles of guidance and counseling for the personal, social, educational and counselling-in-chandigarh/ vocational development of others. • Its emergence and development have been tied with the evolution of counseling as a unique professional field. •Educational counseling / guidance is concerned with the development through adjustment and therefore ought to be designed to individualize educational programs. •Schools and colleges should have a holistic program which is an integral part. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

EDUCATIONAL COUNSELING 7 •Education is looked upon not only as a means of personal https://www.google.com/search?q=educational+counselin advancement but is also valued as an asset of fundamental g&sxsrf=ALeKk00lS6qNTzrqwTK3CgJrM6nBmYpOg:1583 importance to society. 383035255&source=l •Hence the expectations from education are varied and many. •Students expect to realize their aspirations and find gainful All right are reserved with CU-IDOL employment. •Parents and teachers expect the intellectual, moral and social development of the young. •Society excepts to obtain enlightenment and law-abiding citizenry. •The functions of education are closely related to the expectations of students, parents, teachers, society and the state. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (MAP 605)

ROLE OF AN EDUCATION COUNSELLOR 8 An educational counselor not only provides educational guidance but also provides personal and therapeutic support for a broad array of students. This job leverages counseling ideas and psychology tools to enhance student development and facilitate student success. KEY RESPONSIBILITIES ROLE OF AN EDUCATION COUNSELLOR •Encourage, intervene and advocate for students experiencing personal, academic and other developmental difficulties. •Provides general guidance and faculty support to help diverse students be successful in the classroom. •Often includes retention counseling to students on probation status or academic risk status. •Interpret and explain school policy to students, parents, staff and faculty. •Advise students in planning goals and organizing lives to achieve educational goals and desired outcomes. •Prepare and maintain accurate and timely case management notes. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

KEY RESPONSIBILITIES 9 •Educational counselors in public schools may communicate with attorneys, clinical counselors, private psychiatrists, social workers and court advocates regarding their student-clients. •Play a vital role in the career planning process of students. In the variety of hundreds of desired career options, educational counselors assist students in making smart career decisions. •Evaluate student’s abilities, interests, and skills through interviews, personality and aptitude assessments, etc. •They help young futures to develop a good personality and embrace https://www.ragan.com/20-key-responsibilities-for- life skills so that they can face the challenging world better. todays-pr-pro-2/ www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

KEY RESPONSIBILITIES 10 •Guide them for job interviews, resume preparation, job searching strategies, and other factors that are important for career exploration. •Guide students to develop organization skills, time management, stress management, effective study habits, and other such vital skills. •Focus their energies on identifying and dealing with personal behavioral, social and scholastic problems that affect student performance, achievement and even relationships. •Provide individual / group counseling on varied issues like bullying, peer pressure, the pressure to perform, low self-esteem and so on. •Assessing students’/ students’ developmental and educational needs and psychological and physical abilities www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

THE ROLE OF TEACHERS IN COUNSELLING 11 In the school settings in India, teachers are the primary guidance personnel. They render non- professional assistance to students which may be of some help. In the advanced countries, most school systems have accredited counseling programs provided by the personnel on the staff of the school. Most schools have school psychologists to assist teachers in their work with students. Arbuckle (1963) states the following functions of school counselors in elementary and secondary schools: •The counselors helps emotionally disturbed children to arrive at happier and satisfying solutions to their problems. •The counselor helps children with their academic difficulties. •The counselor is concerned with preventive and remedial measures. •The counselor cooperatively works with teachers to help them gain a greater understanding of the students in their classes. •The counselor helps parents obtain a better understanding and appreciation. •The counselor uses appropriate test devices for diagnosis and counseling purposes. •The counselor maintains extensive and up-to-date records concerning students whom he is responsible for. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Teachers are expected to help in the counseling services 12 through: •Studying and diagnosing children. •Identifying and referring students needing special assistance. •Preparing and maintaining guidance records. •Helping students develop effective study habits. Contributing to students’ educational and vocational planning and placement. •Wrenn (1962) has summarized the following principles from the personnel view in education: •Guidance in education is given upon seeing the learner totally. •The philosophy of guitar axiomatically believes in the dignity and integrity of the student and his right to self- fulfillment. •Guidance should assist the student’s plans for the future as well as enhance the possibility of his living optimally in the present. •Guidance is the prime advocate of individual differences in school differences are to be recognized, taken advantage of and provided with differences in school. These suitable conditions for their full expression. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

THE IMPACT OF HOME 13 ENVIRONMENT All right are reserved with CU-IDOL •The impact of the home environment on the individual student is of great significance for school / college learning. •Most learning problems arise from poor home conditions and lack of understanding on the part of parents as well as teachers. • Counselor could render yeoman service by helping parents and teachers understand their children and students better. •Counselor could also help the students gain a better understanding of their own needs, aspirations, and cravings and help them plan their educational and vocational goals. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (MAP 605)

EDUCATIONAL COUNSELING AND THE 14 CURRICULUM •The school curriculum is a systematic organization of courses of study and activities designed to further students’ knowledge and competencies. •Several types of curricula such as general, business and vocational, and industrial arts are offered at the school level in the West. •In India, curricula openings are relatively few with little choice afforded to students. •The curriculum is designed to help the individual student achieve his potentialities and become capable of self-direction. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

THE CHALLENGES OF 15 EDUCATIONAL COUNSELING •Some educational counselors may work in group homes, special education or mental health settings with foster children or high-risk adolescents who exhibit severe emotional and behavioural challenges. •These educational counselors must have the ability to create concise documentation, produce behavioural assessments and relate to young clients who face severe emotional challenges. They must verbally communicate with individuals from diverse cultures, disciplines and backgrounds. https://www.searchenginejournal.com/blogging- •As a result, many educational counselor exhibit strong leadership and challenges/321109/#close organization skills as they participate in programs and contribute to quality improvement activities. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

VOCATIONAL COUNSELING 16 According to Donald Super “Vocational guidance is a process https://www.facebook.com/pg/FeistVCP/vid of helping the person to develop and accept an integrated eos/ adequate picture of himself and his role in the world of work to test this concept against reality and to convert it into reality All right are reserved with CU-IDOL with satisfaction to himself and benefit of society.” • Vocational counseling is a process of helping individual to ascertain ,accept, understand and apply relevant facts about the occupational world which are ascertained through incidental and planned exploratory activities. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (MAP 605)

TYPES OF VOCATIONAL COUNSELING 17 Vocational guidance is the process of helping an individual to choose an occupation, prepare for it, enter it, and progress in it. Two types: • With respect to individual • With respect to vocations REASONS FOR VOCATIONAL COUNSELLING • Stress related work issues • Transitional work issues • Loss of job • Any/ All of above www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

STEPS OF VOCATIONAL 18 COUNSELING All right are reserved with CU-IDOL Five steps are there: •Rapport and Relationship •Clients Assessment •Exploring options •Narrowing options •Taking action/ Implementing goal www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (MAP 605)

19 HOW COUNSELLORS WORK FOR DEVELOPMENT OF INDIVIDUAL 1 Get help with the job search process . 2 Mock Interviews. 3 To make the best of your current position 4. Develop the skills necessary for career success 5. Clarify goals www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS 20 •Transactional Analysis is a personality theory which gives us a picture of how people are structured psychologically. •Transactional Analysis is underpinned by the philosophy that people can change and we all have a right to be in the world and be accepted. •Another contributory to Eric Berne’s theory would be Dr. Wilder Penfield who did experiments on the application of electrical currents to specific regions of the brain. •Berne mapped interpersonal relationships to three ego-states of the individuals involved: the Parent, Adult, and Child state. • He then investigated communications between individuals based on the current state of each. He called these interpersonal interactions transactions and used the label games to refer to certain patterns of transactions which popped up repeatedly in everyday life. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

ORIGINS OF TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS 21 •Throughout history, and from all standpoints: philosophy, medical science, religion; people have believed that each man and woman has a multiple nature. •In the early 20 th century, Sigmund Freud first established that the human psyche is multi-faceted, and that each of us has warring factions in our subconscious. Since then, new theories continue to be put forward, all concentrating on the essential conviction that each one of us has parts of our personality which surface and affect our behaviour according to different circumstances. •In 1951 Dr Wilder Penfield began a series of scientific experiments. Penfield proved, using conscious human subjects, by touching a part of the brain (the temporal cortex) with a weak electrical probe, that the brain could be caused to 'play back' certain past experiences, and the feelings associated with them. •The patients 'replayed' these events and their feelings despite not normally being able to recall them using their conventional memories. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

EARLY THEORY 22 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL In the 1950's Eric Berne began to develop his theories of Transactional Analysis. He said that verbal communication, particularly face to face, is at the centre of human social relationships and psychoanalysis. His starting-point was that when two people encounter each other, one of them will speak to the other. This he called the Transaction Stimulus. The reaction from the other person he called the Transaction Response. The person sending the Stimulus is called the Agent. The person who responds is called the Respondent. Transactional Analysis became the method of examining the transaction wherein: 'I do something to you, and you do something back'. Berne also said that each person is made up of three alter ego states: www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (MAP 605)

1. PARENT 23 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL This is our ingrained voice of authority, absorbed conditioning, learning and attitudes from when we were young. We were conditioned by our real parents, teachers, older people, next door neighbours, aunts and uncles, Father Christmas and Jack Frost. Our Parent is made up of a huge number of hidden and overt recorded playbacks. Typically embodied by phrases and attitudes starting with 'how to', 'under no circumstances', 'always' and 'never forget', 'don't lie, cheat, steal', etc. Our parent is formed by external events and influences upon us as we grow through early childhood. We can change it, but this is easier said than done. 2. CHILD Our internal reaction and feelings to external events form the 'Child'. This is the seeing, hearing, feeling, and emotional body of data within each of us. When anger or despair dominates reason, the Child is in control. Like our Parent we can change it, but it is no easier. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (MAP 605)

3. ADULT 24 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL Our 'Adult' is our ability to think and determine action for ourselves, based on received data. The adult in us begins to form at around ten months old, and is the means by which we keep our Parent and Child under control. If we are to change our Parent or Child we must do so through our adult. In other words: Parent is our 'Taught' concept of life Child is our 'Felt' concept of life Adult is our 'Thought' concept of life When we communicate we are doing so from one of our own alter ego states, our Parent, Adult or Child. Our feelings at the time determine which one we use, and at any time something can trigger a shift from one state to another. When we respond, we are also doing this from one of the three states, and it is in the analysis of these stimuli and responses that the essence of Transactional Analysis lies. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (MAP 605)

MODERN TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS 25 THEORY Transactional Analysis is a theory which operates as each of the following: •A theory of personality •A model of communication •A study of repetitive patterns of behaviour •Transactional Analysis developed significantly beyond these Berne's early theories, by Berne himself until his death in 1970, and since then by his followers and many current writers and experts. •Transactional Analysis has been explored and enhanced in many different ways by these people, including: Ian Stewart and Vann Joines (their book 'TA Today' is widely regarded as a definitive modern interpretation). www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Psycho Educational Groups SUMMARY Self-Help / Support Groups Task / Work Groups Counseling Groups KEY RESPONSIBILITIES ROLE OF AN EDUCATION COUNSELLOR 26 •Encourage, intervene and advocate for students experiencing personal, academic and other developmental difficulties. •Provides general guidance and faculty support to help diverse students be successful in the classroom. STEPS OF VOCATIONAL COUNSELING Five steps are there: •Rapport and Relationship •Clients Assessment •Exploring options •Narrowing options •Taking action/ Implementing goal www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Q.1 ). Educational counseling _______ is concerned with the development through adjustment and therefore ought to 27 be designed to individualize educational programs. A)Teaching C) Guidance B) Advice D) None of these Q.2). A school counsellor or educator is one who works in ____and has historically been referred to as ‘guidance counsellor’ or ‘educational counsellor’ A..)University B.) College C.). Offices D.) School Q.3). Two types of vocational counseling are: A..) With respect to vocations B.) With respect to individual C.).Both A & B D.) None of these Q.4). In _________Dr Wilder Penfield began a series of scientific experiments. A..) 1951 B.) 1950 C.) 1956 D.) 1957 Q.5) Reasons for Vocational Counselling are: A.) Stress related work issues B.) Transitional work issues C.) Loss of job D.) All of the above www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Question No. Answer No. 28 1 c. 2 d. 3 c. 4 a. 5 d. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTION 29 Q:1 What do you mean by Education Counseling? Ans: The term educational counselling has been rooted deeply with the problems and conditions of school and college going students.“For Further details please refer to the SLM”. Q.2.)What are the types Vocational counselling? Ans.Vocational counseling is a process of helping individual to ascertain ,accept, understand and apply relevant facts about the occupational world which are ascertained through incidental and planned exploratory activities. “For Further details please refer to the SLM”. Q.3.) What are the challenges of educational counseling Ans. Some educational counselors may work in group homes, special education or mental health settings with foster children or high-risk adolescents who exhibit severe emotional and behavioural challenges“For Further details please refer to the SLM”. Q.4.) Elaborate Transactional analysis . •Ans. Transactional Analysis is a personality theory which gives us a picture of how people are structured psychologically. Transactional Analysis is underpinned by the philosophy that people can change and we all have a right to be in the world and be accepted. “For Further details please refer to the SLM”. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

REFRENCES 30 ❖ Self Learning material Of Advanced Counseling Skills-1 ❖ https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/educational-counseling-8739940355.html ❖ https://www.facebook.com/pg/FeistVCP/videos/ ❖ https://www.aadicareercentre.com/educational-counselling-in-chandigarh/ www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

31 THANK YOU www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL