E-LESSON-1

IDOL Institute of Distance and Online Learning ENHANCE YOUR QUALIFICATION, ADVANCE YOUR CAREER.

BCA 2 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL INTERNET COMPUTING AND ETHICS Course Code: BCA 113 Semester: First E-Lesson: 1 SLM Unit: 1 www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113)

INTERNET COMPUTING AND 33 ETHICS OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION Student will be able to define basics of computers In this unit we are going to learn about fundamental and internet. various topics regarding Computer Basics and Internet. Student will be able to learn the classification of syllabus. Under this you will learn and understand the various classification of computers, the Student will be able to learn about storage devices hierarchy of storage devices and various and various network devices. network devices and their role along with mobile generations. Student will be able to know about mobile generation. The classification of computer are studied with respect to generations, Data Processing, www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCAA111133)) Purpose, Size and Capacity. INASlTl ITriUgThEt OarFeDrIeSsTeArNvCeEd AwNitDh OCNUL-IIDNOE LLEARNING

TOPICS TO BE COVERED 4  Introduction to Computer Basics  About Computer Classifications  About Storage organization  About Network devices  About Mobile generations www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

What is Computer 5  Computer is an electronic machine which takes some input given by user and after processing it, gives output to the user−  Basically it is defined as :  C:Commnaly  O:Operating  M:Machine  P:Particulary  U:Used in  T:Trade  E:Education and  R:Research www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Functionalities of a Computer 6  If we look at it in a very broad sense, any digital computer carries out the following five functions −  Step 1 − Takes data as input.  Step 2 − Stores the data/instructions in its memory and uses them as required.  Step 3 − Processes the data and converts it into useful information.  Step 4 − Generates the output.  Step 5 − Controls all the above four steps. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Advantages of Computer 7  High Speed  Accuracy  Versatility  Diligence  Automation  Reliability  Reduce Paper Work www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Advantages of Computer 8  High Speed  Computer is a very fast device.  It is capable of performing calculation of very large amount of data.  The computer has units of speed in microsecond, nanosecond, and even the picosecond.  It can perform millions of calculations in a few seconds as compared to man who will spend more time to perform the same task.  Accuracy  In addition to being very fast, computers are very accurate.  The calculations are 100% error free.  Computers perform all jobs with 100% accuracy according to the input provided by the user.  Storage Capability www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Advantages of Computer 9  Versatility  A computer is a very versatile machine.  A computer is very flexible in performing the jobs to be done.  This machine can be used to solve the problems related to various fields.  At one instance, it may be solving a complex scientific problem and the very next moment it may be playing a card game.  Diligence:  Unlike human beings, a computer is free from monotony, tiredness, and lack of concentration.  It can work continuously without any error and boredom.  It can perform repeated tasks with the same speed and accuracy. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Advantage of Computer 10  Automation  Computer is an automatic machine.  Automation is the ability to perform a given task automatically. Once the computer receives a program i.e., the program is stored in the computer memory, then the program and instruction can control the program execution without human interaction.  Reliability  A computer is a reliable machine.  Modern electronic components have long lives.  Computers are designed to make maintenance easy. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Advantages of Computer 11  Reduce Paper Work  The use of computers for data processing in an organization leads to reduction in paper work and results in speeding up the process.  As data in electronic files can be retrieved as and when required, the problem of maintenance of large number of paper files gets reduced.  Though the initial investment for installing a computer is high, it substantially reduces the cost of each of its transaction. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Disadvantages of Computer 12  No IQ or Decision Making  No Feelings  Dependency www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Disadvantages of Computer 13  No IQ or Decision Making  A computer is a machine that has no intelligence to perform any task.  Each instruction has to be given to the computer.  A computer cannot take any decision on its own.  No Feelings  Computers have no feelings or emotions.  It cannot make judgment based on feeling, taste, experience, and knowledge unlike humans.  Dependency  It functions as per the user’s instruction, thus it is fully dependent on humans.  Secondly , it is an electronic machine so it cant be operated without electricity. Thus it fully depend on electricity too. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Computer Classification 14  On the basics of generations  On the basis of size and capacity  On the basis of purpose  On the basis of data processing www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Computer Classification 15 www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Computer Classification 16 ON THE BASICS OF GENERATIONS  First Generation Computers: J.P.Eckert and J.W.Mauchy invented the first successful electronic computer called ENIAC, ENIAC stands for “Electronic Numeric Integrated And Calculator”.  Advantages:  Made up of vacuum tubes which are the only electronic component available during those days.  Calculations were done in milliseconds  Disadvantages:  Big in size and weighs about 30 tones.  Expensive.  Requires a large cooling system.  Less efficient & reliable .  Example: ENIAC,EDVAC,UNIVAC,IBM-701,IBM-650 www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Computer Classification ON THE BASICS OF GENERATIONS 17 Second Generation Computers: Second generation computers were based on Transistor instead of vacuum tubes.  Advantages:  Size reduced as compared to first generation computers.  Less amount of heat is produced wrt first generation.  Cheaper than first generation computers.  Better speed, calculate data in microseconds.  Better portability as compared to first generation  Disadvantages:  A cooling system was required.  Constant maintenance was required.  Only used for specific purposes. .  Example: Honeywell 400,IBM 7094,CDC 1604,CDC 3600,UNIVAC 1108 www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Computer Classification 18 ON THE BASICS OF GENERATIONS Third Generation Computers: These computers were based on Integrated circuits. IC was invented by Robert Noyce and Jack Kilby In 1958-1959.IC was a single component containing number of transistors  Advantages:  Cheaper as compared to second-generation computers.  Comparatively fast and reliable.  Use of IC makes the size small.  More storage capacity.  Mouse and keyboard were used for input.  Use of operating system started for better resource management.  Disadvantages:  IC chips are difficult to maintain.  The highly sophisticated technology required for the manufacturing of IC chips.  Air conditioning is required.  Example: PDP-8,PDP-11,ICL 2900,IBM 360,IBM 370 www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Computer Classification 19 ON THE BASICS OF GENERATIONS Fourth Generation Computers: This technology is based on Microprocessor. A microprocessor is used in a computer for any logical and arithmetic function to be performed in any program. Graphics User Interface (GUI) technology was exploited to offer more comfort to users.  Advantages:  Fastest in computation and size get reduced as compared to the previous generation of computer.  Heat generated is negligible.  Small in size as compared to previous generation computers.  Less maintenance is required.  All types of high-level language can be used in this type of computers.  Disadvantages:  The Microprocessor design and fabrication are very complex.  Air conditioning is required in many cases due to the presence of ICs.  Advance technology is required to make the ICs.  Example: IBM 4341,DEC 10,STAR 1000,PUP 11 www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Computer Classification 20 ON THE BASICS OF GENERATIONS Fifth Generation Computers: This generation is based on artificial intelligence. The aim of the fifth generation is to make a device which could respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self-organization.  Advantages: More reliable and works faster. It is available in different sizes and unique features. It provides computers with more user-friendly interfaces with multimedia features.  Disadvantages: They may make the human brains dull and doomed.  Example: Desktop, Laptop, NoteBook,UltraBook,Chromebook and many more www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Computer Classification 21 On the basis of size and capacity  Micro Computers: These are basically single user system with a few input and out devices attached to it. Also, known as Personal Computer (PC), it is designed to be used by one person at a time.  Mini Computers: It is a medium-sized computer which is more powerful than a microcomputer. They are usually designed to serve multiple users simultaneously (Parallel Processing).  Mainframe Computers: Mainframe computers are very large often filling an entire room and can process thousands of millions of instructions per second.  Super Computers: Supercomputers are the most powerful and physically the largest by size. These are designed to process huge amounts of data. The fastest supercomputers can perform over one trillion calculations in a second. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Computer Classification 22 On the basis of purpose  General purpose computers: A General Purpose computers are designed to meet the needs of many different applications. In these computers, the instructions needed to perform a particular task are wired permanently into the internal memory. When one job is over, instructions for another job can be loaded into the internal memory for processing. This, a general purpose machine can be used to prepare pay-bills, manage inventories, print sales report and so on.  Special purpose computers: A special purpose computer is designed only to meet the requirements of a particular task or application. The instructions needed to perform a particular task are permanently stored into the internal memory, so that it can perform the given task on a single command. It therefore doesn’t posses unnecessary options and is less expensive. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Computer Classification 23 On the basis of data processing  Analog: Analog computers are used to process continuous data. Analog computers represent variables by physical quantities, like flow, temperature, pressure, current or voltage etc.  Digital: Digital computer represents physical quantities with the help of digits or numbers. These numbers are used to perform Arithmetic calculations and also make logical decision to reach a conclusion, depending on, the data they receive from the user.  Hybrid: These are specifically designed computers with both digital and analog characteristics where it is necessary to have a close representation with the physical world. Hybrid computers are being used extensively in process control system. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Storage Organization 24 Storage device  A storage device is any computing hardware that is used for storing, porting and extracting data files and objects. It can hold and store information both temporarily and permanently, and can be internal or external to a computer, server or any similar computing device.  A storage device may also be known as a storage medium or storage media. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Storage Organization 25 Types of storage devices:  Primary storage devices: Generally smaller in size, these are designed to hold data temporarily and are internal to the computer. They have the fastest data access speed. It include RAM and cache memory.  Secondary storage devices: These usually have large storage capacity, and they store data permanently. They can be either internal or external to the computer It include the hard disk, optical disk drive and USB storage device. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Storage Organization 26  Volatile Storage: Requires a continuous supply of electricity to store/retain data. It acts as a computer's primary storage for temporarily storing data. Examples of volatile storage include cache memory and random access memory (RAM).  Non-Volatile Storage: A type of storage mechanism that retains digital data even if it’s powered off or isn’t supplied with electrical power. This is often referred to as a secondary storage mechanism, and is used for permanent data storage. Examples of non-volatile storage include ROM(Read Only Memory) ,hard disk, USB storage and optical media. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Storage Organization 27 RAM-Random Access Memory  It is also called as read write memory or the main memory or the primary memory.  The programs and data that the CPU requires during execution of a program are stored in this memory.  It is a volatile memory as the data loses when the power is turned off.  RAM is further classified into two types- SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) and DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory). www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Storage Organization 28 www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Storage Organization 29 ROM-Read Only Memory  Stores crucial information essential to operate the system, like program needed to boot the computer.  It is non-volatile.  Always retains its data.  Used in embedded systems or where the programming needs no change.  Used in calculators and peripheral devices.  ROM is further classified into 3 types- PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Network Devices 30 What are network devices?  Network devices are generally used to interact between various computer hardware and other components on a computer network. It facilitate the communication by sending and receiving information in between various computer network. Types of Network Devices:  HUB  SWITCH  GATEWAY  MODEM  REPEATER  ROUTER  BRIDGE www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Network Devices 31  Hub – A hub is basically a multiport repeater. A hub connects multiple wires coming from different branches, for example, the connector in star topology which connects different stations. Hubs cannot filter data, so data packets are sent to all connected devices. In other words, collision domain of all hosts connected through Hub remains one. Also, they do not have intelligence to find out best path for data packets which leads to inefficiencies and wastage.  Types of Hub  Active Hub .  Passive Hub www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Network Devices 32  Switch - A switch is a multi port bridge with a buffer and a design that can boost its efficiency(large number of ports imply less traffic) and performance. Switch is data link layer device.Switch can perform error checking before forwarding data, that makes it very efficient as it does not forward packets that have errors and forward good packets selectively to correct port only. In other words, switch divides collision domain of hosts, but broadcast domain remains same. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Network Devices 33  Routers – A router is a device like a switch that routes data packets based on their IP addresses. Router is mainly a Network Layer device. Routers normally connect LANs and WANs together and have a dynamically updating routing table based on which they make decisions on routing the data packets. Router divide broadcast domains of hosts connected through it. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Network Devices 34  Bridge – A bridge operates at data link layer. A bridge is a repeater, with add on functionality of filtering content by reading the MAC addresses of source and destination. It is also used for interconnecting two LANs working on the same protocol. It has a single input and single output port, thus making it a 2 port device.  Types of Bridges  Transparent Bridges  Source Routing Bridges www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Network Devices 35  Gateway – A gateway, as the name suggests, is a passage to connect two networks together that may work upon different networking models. They basically works as the messenger agents that take data from one system, interpret it, and transfer it to another system. Gateways are also called protocol converters and can operate at any network layer. Gateways are generally more complex than switch or router. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Network Devices 36  Repeater – A repeater operates at the physical layer. Its job is to regenerate the signal over the same network before the signal becomes too weak or corrupted so as to extend the length to which the signal can be transmitted over the same network. An important point to be noted about repeaters is that they do not amplify the signal. When the signal becomes weak, they copy the signal bit by bit and regenerate it at the original strength. It is a 2 port device.  Modem - Modem known as Modulator-Demodulator are used transmit digital signal into analog telephone line signal.it is used to convert digital signal into analog signals of different frequency and transmit to the desire different –different location. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Network Devices 37 Types of Computer Network  LAN: Local Area Network  MAN: Metropolitan Area Network  WAN: Wide Area Network  PAN: Personal Area Network www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Network Devices Types of Computer Network 38  LAN: Local Area Network  Local Area Network is a group of computers connected to each other in a small area such as building, office.  LAN is used for connecting two or more personal computers through a communication medium such as twisted pair, coaxial cable, etc.  It is less costly as it is built with inexpensive hardware such as hubs, network adapters, and ethernet cables.  MAN: Metropolitan Area Network  A metropolitan area network is a network that covers a larger geographic area by interconnecting a different LAN to form a larger network.  Government agencies use MAN to connect to the citizens and private industries.  It has a higher range than Local Area Network(LAN) www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Network Devices 39 Types of Computer Network  WAN: Wide Area Network  A Wide Area Network is a network that extends over a large geographical area such as states or countries.  The internet is one of the biggest WAN in the world.  A Wide Area Network is widely used in the field of Business, government, and education  PAN: Personal Area Network  Personal Area Network is a network arranged within an individual person, typically within a range of 10 meters.  Personal Area Network is used for connecting the computer devices of personal use is known as Personal Area Network.  Personal computer devices that are used to develop the personal area network are the laptop, mobile phones, media player and play stations www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Mobile Generation 40  First Generation (1G)  Second Generation (2G)  Third Generation (3G)  Fourth Generation (4G)  Fifth Generation (5G) www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Mobile Generation 41 www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 42 Q1.What is the full form of RAM: a) Random Access Memory b) Read Access Memory c) Random Associate Memory d) Random Assign Memory Q2.Which Computer is come under the category of size and capacity: a) Mini Computer b) Micro computer c) Super Computer d) All of these Q3.Which is not the advantage of computer : a) Speed b) Accuracy c) Dependency d) Efficiency Answers:1. a) 2.d) 3.c) Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL www.cuidol.in

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 43 Q4.Which Computer is come under the category of data processing: a) Analog b) Digital c) Micro Computer d) Both a and b Q5.Which is not a network device among the following: a) Hub b) Hard Disk c) Gateways d) Routers Q6.Which is the example of non volatile memory : a) ROM b) RAM c) Cache memory d) None of these Answers: 4. d) 5. b) 6.a) www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

SUMMARY 44  Computer is an electronic machine used t o process input data and gives output accordingly.  Classification of computer is thoroughly described with respect to generations, size and capacity, data processing and purpose.  A storage device is any computing hardware that is used for storing, porting and extracting data files and objects. It can hold and store information both temporarily and permanently, and can be internal or external to a computer, server or any similar computing device.  RAM is volatile memory.  ROM is non-volatile memory.  Hub, routers, bridges, gateways, modem etc. are various network devices.  LAN,WAN,MAN are the types of Network.  1G,2G,3G,4G,5G are the Mobile Generation. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

REFERENCES 45  https://www.javatpoint.com/types-of-computer-network  https://www.studytonight.com/computer-architecture/memory-organization  https://www.techopedia.com/definition/1119/storage-device  https://www.techopedia.com/definition/1115/storage www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

46 THANK YOU www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BCA 113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL