E-LESSON-3 , 4

IDOL Institute of Distance and Online Learning ENHANCE YOUR QUALIFICATION, ADVANCE YOUR CAREER.

BSc. TTM 2 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL Introduction to Tourism Industry Course Code: BTT 101 Semester: First SLM Units : 3&4 E-LESSON : 2 www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101)

Types of Tourism 33 OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION Students will be able In this unit we are going to learn about To understand the concept of Tourism and Tourist different concepts of tourism . To enable students to understand the various In this students will learn about the various terms used in tourism sector types of tourism like Inbound ,Outbound ,Domestic , Mass and International. To learn about the various types of tourism To learn about various Characteristics of Tourism Under this unit we will Learn about tourism characteristics. www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) INASlTl ITriUgThEt OarFeDrIeSsTeArNvCeEd AwNitDh OCNUL-IIDNOE LLEARNING

TOPICS TO BE COVERED 4 > Introduction to Tourism > Classification and Characteristics of tourism and tourists > Inbound Tourism > Outbound Tourism > Domestic Tourism > Mass Tourism > International Tourism Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL www.cuidol.in

INTRODUCTION TO TOURISM 5 According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), tourism entails the movement of people to countries or places outside their usual environment for personal or business/professional purposes. These people are called visitors. Visitor is classified as a (same-)day visitor if their trip does not include an overnight stay and a tourist if it does include an overnight stay. The purpose of their trip can be for business, leisure or personal reasons, other than to be employed by a resident entity in the country or place visited. If a trip’s main purpose is business/professional, it is often subdivided into two further categories - 'attending meetings, conferences or congresses, trade fairs and exhibitions' and 'other business and professional purposes'. www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

TOURISM TERMS : LEISURE Leisure is a term that has been used to encompass a whole series of experiences that people can undertake in 6 their free time. To sociologists, however, leisure encompasses a state of mind that an individual finds herself or himself in at a particular time The concept of leisure permeates a wide range of responses and it could be argued that it is a sense of time, rather than a sector at all. The management and marketing of leisure experiences has had a profound effect on the lives of people in history and in the early stages of the new millennium. Leisure is also big business and has spawned economic growth in countries where societies had depended more on production industries rather than service industries www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

1.Leisure as time 7 ● Leisure is the time when someone is not working for money (Soule, 1957) ● Leisure is residual time that an individual has after all other activities (Parker, 1971) ● Leisure is the time an individual spends according to judgment and choice (Brightbill, 1964) 2. Leisure as activity ● ‘An opportunity to engage in some kind of activity, whether rigorous or relatively passive, which is not required by daily necessities’ (Neumeyer and Neumeyer, 1958) ● Activities on four levels – passive, emotional, active and creative involvement (Nash, 1960) 3. Leisure as a state of being (Nakhhoda, 1961) ● Leisure is a ‘state of quiet contemplative dignity’ (Brightbill, 1963) ● Leisure is a ‘mood of contemplation’ (Larrabee and Meyersohn, 1958) ● Leisure is a ‘state of mind where an individual is free from thoughts of basic necessity’ 4. Leisure as an all-pervading ‘holistic’ concept ● Leisure is all about relaxation, entertainment and personal development (Dumazedierl,1967) ● Leisure is a mental or spiritual attitude that links to culture (Pieper, 1952) 5. Leisure as a way of life ● Leisure is about having ideas of freedom and a worthwhile life (Goodale and Godbey, 1988) www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

RECREATION 8  Recreation is about activities, pastimes, and experiences which are freely chosen. They are usually undertaken in free time and produce feelings of well being, fulfillment, enjoyment, relaxation and satisfaction.  They are opportunities to express creativity, achieve and master new things and feel good about doing so.  Community based recreation offers an opportunity to meet people while enjoying a range of social, cultural or physical activities.  Recreation-refreshment our mind and body after work hard through activities.  Outdoor Recreation - located in, done in opened air activities that organized at the open air such as camping  Organized free time activities that are participated in for their own sake and have interaction between participant and elements of nature. www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

BROAD CATEGORIZATION OF RECREATION ACTIVITIES: 9 1) ACTIVITY BASED ON REPRESENTATION OF THE SPIRIT 2) SPORT AND GAMES 3) AMUSEMENT ACTIVITIES www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Phase 1- 10 anticipations Phase 6- Phase 2 planning recollection RECREATION PHASES Phase 5- travel home Phase 4 Phase 3 travel to participation site www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IMPORTANCE OF RECREATION 11  PHYSICOLOGY-Recreation is like a rain shower during the days of scorching heat. It is like a ray of moonlight in the dreadful darkness  Emotional balance (balance between work and play)  PHYSICAL AND HEALTH MENTENANCE Research has shown that recreation on a daily basis reduces risks of diabetes and hypertension, enhances physical and mental health and improves the quality of life.  feel fresh and relaxed  Recreation brings you close to the nature.  enhancement of your interpersonal and intrapersonal skills  physical health and maintenance www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

TOURISM  Definitions of Tourism – 12  Tourism is the generic term to cover both demand and supply that has been adopted in various forms and used throughout the World. Tourism is defined as the activities of persons identified as visitors. A visitor is someone who is making a visit to a main destination outside his/her usual environment for less than a year for any main purpose [including] holidays, leisure and recreation, business, health, education or other purposes….This scope is much wider than the traditional perception of tourists, which included only those travelling for leisure. [UNWTO statistics Guidelines: 2010]  Tourism is a collection of activities, services and industries which deliver a travel experience comprising transportation, accommodation, eating and drinking establishments, retail shops, entertainment businesses and other hospitality services provided for individuals or groups traveling away from home“  \"The sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the interaction of tourists, business suppliers, host governments and host communities in the process of attracting and hosting these tourists and other visitors“ - Macintosh and Goeldner www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

UNWTO Definition of Tourism  UNWTO defined it as indicated below 13  \"Tourism comprises the activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes.“  Tourism is different from travel. In order for tourism to happen, there must be a displacement: an individual has to travel, using any type of means of transportation (he might even travel on foot: nowadays, it is often the case for poorer societies, and happens even in more developed ones, and concerns pilgrims, hikers …). But all travel is not tourism. Three criteria are used simultaneously in order to characterize a trip as belonging to tourism. The displacement must be such that;  It involves a displacement outside the usual environment: this term is of utmost importance and will be discussed later on;  Type of purpose: the travel must occur for any purpose different from being remunerated from within the place visited: the previous limits, where tourism was restricted to recreation and visiting family and friends are now expanded to include a vast array of purposes;  Duration: only a maximal duration is mentioned, not a minimal. Tourism displacement can be with or without an overnight stay. We shall discuss the particularity of in transit visits, from a conceptual and statistical point of view. www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

TOURIST 14 1. Tourist can be defined as a person who travels away from their normal residential region for a temporary period of at least one night, to the extent that their behavior involves a search for leisure experiences from interactions with features or characteristics of places he chooses to visit  Tourist can also be defined as :  A person who travels and stays overnight at a destination, due to one or more motivations a person who travels for pleasure, usually sightseeing and staying in hotels b. (as modifier) tourist attractions 2. a person on an excursion or sightseeing tour 3. a person travelling abroad as a member of a sports team that is playing a series of usually international matches www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

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TRAVELER 16 a person who is travelling or who often travels  a Gypsy or other nomadic person.  a person who holds New Age values and leads an itinerant and unconventional lifestyle.  The traveler is different from tourist as :  A traveler does their best to blend in with the locals. They look like they know where they are going (even if they don’t), they dress the part, and they make attempts to adhere to the social norms of where they are.  A traveler knows that food is the link to any culture. They are willing to step out of their comfort zone to try out local dishes in order to taste the country’s culture.  A traveler makes an effort to meet people from all over. They try to talk with locals, find out the best (secret) things the city has to offer, or discover unique stories that you can’t find in travel books. Travelers know that locals are the best resource to use when exploring somewhere new. www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

 Travelers are a bit smarter when packing and know that style and comfort CAN go hand in hand. They make sure1 7 to bring clothes that are functional and fashionable, and also include any items that adhere to cultural norms.  Travelers make an attempt to know at least a few key words or phrases to use when traveling abroad. They know that learning how to say simple things like “please,” “thank you,” and “hello” make much more of a difference when traveling in a country that speaks a different language.  Travelers take a little more time and effort in their search for local treasures and gems. They know that it takes a little bit of digging to find the best deals and most authentic items to take home with them.  Travelers trust their instinctive nature to tell them where to go and what to explore. www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

VISITOR  A visitor is a traveler taking a trip to a main destination outside his/her usual environment, for less than a year, for 1 8 any main purpose (business, leisure or other personal purpose) other than to be employed by a resident entity in the country or place visited. These trips taken by visitors qualify as tourism trips. Tourism refers to the activity of visitors.  The following are the Visitors :  Border workers  Students for a short term course  Nomads  Participant to a professional congress  Speaker in a professional congress  International consultant  Participant in a technical fair  Member of a professional football or cricket team  Crew staff on an international flight  Traveler crossing the country en-route to another country (destination)  Traveler staying in a transit zone  Cruise passenger  Cruise crew www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

 A visitor is any person visiting a country other than in which he has his usual place of residence and in which he 1 9 spends less than a year, for any reason other than following an occupation remunerated from within the country visited. A tourist is a visitor who spends at least a night in the country visited.  The Word “ VISITOR ” is NOUN . It denotes that : Someone is Visiting Another Person at a Particular Place .  For example , We had received Some Visitors at Our Residence on Last Monday . The other day We had Some Visitors from France www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

EXCURSIONIST 20 • Any person visiting a country other than his residence and remaining less than 24 hrs • They shouldn’t get involved in earning activities • All visitors may be excursionists. • An excursion is a trip by a group of people, usually made for leisure, education, or physical purposes. It is often an adjunct to a longer journey or visit to a place, sometimes for other purposes. Public transportation companies issue reduced price excursion tickets to attract business of this type. Often these tickets are restricted to off-peak days or times for the destination concerned. Short excursions for education or for observations of natural phenomena are called field trips. One-day educational field studies are often made by classes as extracurricular exercises, e.g. to visit a natural or geographical feature. The term is also used for short military movements into foreign territory, without a formal announcement of war. www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

CLASSIFICATION OF TOURISM  Mass Tourism: The organized movement of large groups of people to specialized tourist locations. 21 A consequence of the increase of people traveling for pleasure; developed to cater to huge numbers of tourists. Examples: whole resort towns, theme parks, tourism business districts, cruises, packaged vacations, all inclusive resorts, etc.  Alternative Tourism: Individually planned activities to gain and experience firsthand knowledge about local cultures and environments. Focus on secluded areas, occur during non-peak travelling times, can include arranging own flights and accommodations. Example: a self-planned biking trip through Vermont, while camping or arranging accommodations “as you go.”  Pleasure Tourism -To improve the physical or spiritual condition of an individual . Examples: yoga workshops, detoxification clinics, spas, etc. www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

 Business Tourism-To complete a business transaction or 22 attend a business meeting / conference. All right are reserved with CU-IDOL  Nature Tourism-To enjoy a natural setting or wildlife, including ecotourism.  Cultural Tourism-To experience the history, folklore, and culture of a people.  Social Tourism-Travel that involves the company of others, such as tour-bus travel or family visits.  Recreation Tourism-To escape the routine of daily life, such as camping or going to a beach. www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101)

 Sports Tourism- To experience a sport or sporting event, such as 23 ski holidays or the Olympics. All right are reserved with CU-IDOL  Religious Tourism-Involves visiting a place of spiritual significance.  Health / Medical Tourism-To improve one’s health, such as a visit to a health resort or weight-loss camp.  Adventure Tourism-Involves challenges and adventure, such as trekking through a tropical rainforest or rock climbing.  Wilderness Tourism-To experience something very different from everyday life in remote wilderness areas.  Ecotourism-Stresses low-impact adventure in a natural setting; sometimes called “green tourism.” www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101)

TOURIST–CLASSIFICATION & CHARACTERISTICS 24 The word tourist has been Classified in different ways by different authors .Some of the important Classifications along with the characteristics of tourists are as follows : 1)Cohen’s Classification-According to Cohen tourist can be classified as : a)Non-Institutionalized Tourists are loosely attached to the tourist establishment expose to host community b) Institutionalized Tourists are dealt with in a routine way by the tourist establishment e.g. travel agencies, hotel chain c)Organized Mass Tourist •least adventurous •spend most of their time in their comfortable “environmental bubble” throughout their trip •the itinerary is decided in advance• attractions are guided and well fixed• tourists have no decision on their trip www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

d) Individual Mass Tourist f) Drifter 25 • similar to the organized mass tourist • go further away from the “environmental • the tour is not entirely fixed bubble” • have certain control over their time and itinerary • keep away from the accustomed ways • but all the major arrangements are still made through of life in home countries travel agencies • no fixed itinerary • plan trips wholly on their own e) Explorer • live with local people • often take odd‐jobs to keep themselves • arrange their trips alone going • go somewhere unusual • look for comfortable accommodation and reliable transportation • retain some of the basic routines and comforts of their native way of life • try to mix with local people and speak their language • dare to leave their “environmental bubble”. www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

PLOGS CLASSIFICATION 26 1) AllocentricType: 3) Mid‐centric Type • seek new experiences and adventure •between allocentric and psycho centric •outgoing and self‐confident •not particularly adventurous •enjoy meeting people from different cultures •receptive to new experience •explore an area • make own travel arrangements •choose activities and tourist attractions 2) Psycho centric Type •conservative, inhibited and unadventurous •return to familiar destinations •want to relax •expect the type of food and activity •prefer heavily structured itinerary •safety and security are important www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

TOURISM CHARACTERISTICS 27 1) ATTRACTION: • It is the most important element & object that attract people to travel. • It includes cultural sites, archeological sites, historical buildings & monuments or scenery like flora & fauna, beach, resorts, mountains, national parks. • It also includes events like trade fairs, exhibitions, sports events etc. • It is the preconditions of travel. It attracts the people & provides pleasure. • It attracts & attaches people to enjoy & involve in tourism activities.  Two types of attraction : a) Natural Attraction: Attraction places made by nature. E.g. climate, natural beauty, landscape, mountains, water resources, flora & fauna, wild life, beaches, safari, caves etc. b) Man-Made Attraction: Attraction developed by man. E.g. historical buildings, monuments, music, festivals, temples, churches, leisure parks, Disney lands, museums, discos, casinos etc. www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

2) ACCESSIBILITY: • It is important key factor for the development of tourism. 2 8 • Attraction may be wherever but without accessibility can’t reach towards that place. • It is the mode of transportation which helps the tourist to reach the destination.  Three type of transportation: a) Surface: Transportation in land through roadways or railways. It is the cheapest means of transportation. b) Air Transportation: Transportation through airways to travel long distance. It has helped a lot as people can travel long journey as well as they can travel through high mountains. c) Water Transportation: Transportation through water. It made important contribution to travel in 19th century after the innovation of shipping technology. www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

3) ACCOMMODATION: • It includes food & lodging facilities to the guest. 29 • It should be comfortable and services & facilities should be provided.  Two types of accommodation: a) Serviced Accommodation: It refers to the services provided by the hotel, lodges etc. Different hotels are established to provide service of lodging & food to the guest. b) Self Catering or Supplementary Accommodation: It refers to the premises which offer accommodation but not the services of hotel. It provides food & accommodation in return of cash per day. E.g. Youth Hostel, Dharma alas, Pati-Pauwa, Tourist holiday villages etc. www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

4) AMENITIES 30 Extra facilities & services required to the guest while traveling. Facilities complement to the attraction. It also provides facilities like providing visa, tickets etc. Two types of amenities: a) Natural: Seashores, sea bath, fishing, rock climbing, trekking, sightseeing, river, sunrise etc. b) Man made: Dance, Music, Drama, Cinema, Swimming Pool, Fair & Festivals, and Internet etc. www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

5) INDOUND TOURISM : 31 According to the World Tourism Organization the inbound tourism is the activities of the visitor travelling to a place outside his usual environment for not more than one consecutive year and not less than 24 hours. The travel is for leisure, business and not for permanent work and gaining money.  Characteristics of the inbound tourism : The above definition reflects the following characteristics: 1- Travelling from a place to another 2- Duration of travelling 3- The traveler changes his environment 4- The purpose of travelling is entertainment not work or gaining money 5- The main concept of the inbound tourism implies expending money www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

INDOUND TOURISM CONT… Inbound tour operators create and market travel products and services to customers mainly in long haul 32 markets. Customers in countries far away generally do not have in depth knowledge of a destination or the service providers in that destination, may not speak the language, and may not feel comfortable making their own arrangements. Inbound tour operators serve these customers by planning a holiday, and may offer experiences that would otherwise be inaccessible to independent travelers making their own arrangements. For example, planning and organizing your own expedition to go trekking in Western Croatia would involve months of research to identify routes, find local guides, arrange transport and considerable expense to transport equipment and gear or purchase it locally. When a company focuses primarily on serving travelers coming from other destinations, we refer to them as inbound operators. They generally offer services for clients coming from other countries or regions. The inbound operator seeks to understand foreign markets and develop products and services that will attract customers from overseas to their destination, and will focus on researching the travel motivations and preferences of target markets outside their own country. www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

33  A local company can organize all this for you at much less cost and in less time than it would take for you to do it yourself.  Inbound operators usually specialize in package travel arrangements of this kind, and may have both group and independent travelers as clients.  Inbound operators operate their own tours, although the services of many local companies may be packaged and resold as part of this tour.  Inbound operator usually specialize in one country or region.  They may offer tours catering to a broad range of interests if they are in a country that is not well known to travellers, but if they are in a well known destination where it is easy for independent travellers to make their own arrangements they usually focus on specialty travel. www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

EXAMPLES OF INBOUND TOURISM  Yoga & Meditation Tours in India 34 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL  Golden Triangle India  Tours Taj Mahal  Tour Packages  Rajasthan Tour Packages  Kerala Backwaters Tours  Ayurveda Tours in India  North India Tours  Adventure Tours in India  Buddhist Tours in India  Wildlife Tours in India www.cuidol.in  Goa Travel Packages Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101)

BENEFITS OF INBOUND TOURISM There are many benefits to export tourism including. International travel patterns are not focused around weekends 3 5 and may level out seasonality problems. Spreading risk across a range of international markets can minimize the impact of any changes in the domestic or a single international travel market International travel market is growing and consumers from many overseas countries have expressed a high desire and intent to visit India. Inbound distribution networks open up new forms of distribution and give millions of potential travellers around the world easy access to your product International travellers are generally higher yield and spend, on average, three times more than domestic travellers on each trip Lead times are generally longer, allowing better business planning Opportunity to meet people from a range of cultures and backgrounds and be an ambassador for your country can be extremely rewarding. www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

OUTBOUND TOURISM 36 This refers to the tourist(citizens) travelling from the country of their origin to other foreign countries. India(Origin) Europe (Destination) Tourist Outbound Inbound Returning Home International Tourism Outbound tourism describes the phenomenon of residents traveling from one country to another (World Tourism Organization 1994). It does not comprise of goods and services acquired for or after the trip within the generating country. It may be contrasted with inbound, domestic, and border tourism. For example, from an Australian perspective, visitors from the United States are inbound tourists, while from the US standpoint, they are outbound tourists. www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

DOMESTIC TOURISM 37  Domestic tourism is tourism involving residents of one country traveling only within Country .  A domestic holiday is a holiday (vacation) spent in the same country; this class may overlap with stay (in British English), a vacation spent in the same region. This is different from inbound tourism.  With the resurgence of the package holiday, research carried out by United Kingdom travel agent Thomas Cook has identified that domestic holidays are not always a cost-effective means of holidaying.  Domestic tourism can be described as tourism involving residents of one country traveling within their own country. It does not involve the crossing of international borders at entry points. As early recorded history provides a glimpse into ancient tourism activities, domestic tourism is in fact the first form of tourism practiced. On the basis of purpose of tour or the motives of tourists, domestic tourism is of three types, viz., (a) Common interest tourism, (b) Holiday tourism and (c) Business tourism. www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

In case of common interest tourism, the purpose of visiting and the visited persons in common. Visiting friends and 38 relatives in this type puts very low pressure on the provision of tourist facilities at the destination. Holiday tourism is the most popular type. A fine weather favorable for sightseeing, touring, recreation and going round different cultural sites are sought after by incoming tourists of this category. Business tourists travel to boost their business, attend trade fairs and conferences pertaining to commerce or professions. They combine business with recreation using same facilities as provided for holiday tourists. Domestic tourism has greater scope in countries of large dimensions such as India as compared to smaller countries. From a geographical viewpoint, domestic tourism may range from local excursion, regional trips to national level travels. It is concerned with travelling within the country. It does not need a passport and visa or conversion of one currency into another. www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

BENEFIT OF DOMESTIC TOURISM A) Domestic Tourism is much less sensitive to crises, whether economic, natural, health or political. It may act as an 3 9 excellent crisis shock-absorber, especially in the case of economic crises. B) Due to its income redistribution effect (from tourists to local populations) and its various multiplier effects all throughout the value chain, it is an excellent tool for territorial development. C) It is an excellent instrument for easing social tensions by allowing social categories of modest income to gain access to holidays and rest and by preventing situations where the same people (from the same countries) are always the tourists and with the same people receiving them. D) It can serve to launch a destination E) From the macroeconomic point of view, domestic tourism makes it possible to amortize national spending on international tourism on physical investments: transport, accommodation, development and protection of public spaces www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

INTERNATIONAL TOURISM  An international tourist crosses the boundaries of many countries, uses different currencies, 40 faces different languages and meets different types of people.  Usually international tourism involves longer distances although crossing small countries or travelling in the neighborhood of international borders may involve short distances.  People visiting a foreign nation is referred to as “International Tourism”  In order to travel to a foreign nation, one needs a valid passport, visa, health documents, foreign exchange, etc. www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

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• Mass Tourism is organised tourism for large numbers of people. MASS TOURISM 42 Mass tourism has both positive and negative impacts. All right are reserved with CU-IDOL • There are ways to reduce the negative impacts of mass tourism: • Improving Public transport encourages people to use it, which reduces traffic congestion and pollution. • Limiting the number of people visiting sensitive environments • Providing lots of bins helps reduce litter • The importance of Tourism needs to be Areas that rely heavily on tourism need to make sure tourists keep coming • Here are a few ways to achieve it :  Build new facilities.  Reduce tourist impacts which make the area less attractive.  Advertise and market the are to attract new improve transport infrastructure  Offer new activities.  Make it cheaper to visit www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101)

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONES 44 Q1. UNWTO Stands for b) Union Nations World Travel Organization a) United Nations World Tourism Organization d) Union Nation Word Trade Organizations c) United National World Travelling Organization b) Recreation Q2. Anticipation is a phase in ____ d) Entertainment a) Leisure c) Enjoyment b) Recreation d) Entertainment Q3._________Is A holistic Concept a) Leisure b) Indoor c) Enjoyment d) None of the above Q4. Recreation can also be a) Outdoor c) Indoor & outdoor Answer: Q1.(a),Q2.(b), Q3.(a), Q4.(a) www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

SUMMARY 45 Tourism as an industry has been travelling with the wild pace of technological advancements and aboard are people from different places and cultures interacting with increasing ease since, the globe had been shrunk into a village. Tourism can be domestic (within the traveler's own country) or international, and international tourism has both incoming and outgoing implications on a country's balance of payments. Academics have defined mass tourism as travel by groups on pre-scheduled tours, usually under the organization of tourism professionals. This form of tourism developed during the second half of the 19th century in the United Kingdom and was pioneered by Thomas Cook www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

SUMMARY Tourism is a social, cultural and economic phenomenon which entails the movement of people to countries or places4 6 outside their usual environment for personal or business/professional purposes. These people are called visitors (which may be either tourists or excursionists; residents or non-residents) and tourism has to do with their activities, some of which imply tourism expenditure Building on the definition of tourism, a commonly accepted description of a tourist is “someone who travels at least 80 km from his or her home for at least 24 hours, for business or leisure or other reasons” The scope of tourism, therefore, is broad and encompasses a number of activities. All these terms used in tourism has there own significance and importance www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 47 Q1.Classify Tourists as classified by Eric Cohen Classification ? Ans: Cohen had classified tourist as follows a)Non-Institutionalized Tourists b)Institutionalized Tourist c)Organised Mass tourist d)Individual mass tourist e)Organisers f)Drifters For further details Refer to the SLM. Q2. What are the different characteristics of Tourism ? Ans: The different characteristics of tourism are as follows : 1).Accomodation 2.)Accessibility 3) Amenities 4) Attraction For further details Refer to the SLM. Q3.What are the characteristics of Inbound Tourism ? Ans. The above definition reflects the following characteristics: 1- Travelling from a place to another 2- Duration of travelling 3- The traveler changes his environment. 4- The purpose of travelling is entertainment not work or gaining money. 5- The main concept of the inbound tourism implies expending money. For further details Refer to the SLM. www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

REFERENCES 48  Negi, Jagmohan.(1990).Tourism and Travel Concepts and Principles. Kolkata: Gitanjali Publishing House  Bhatia, A.K.(1991).International Tourism.Ludhiana, Punjab: Kalyani Publications.Seth, P.N.(1999).Successful Tourism Management (Vol 1 &2).New Delhi:Sterling Publishers.  Mill and Morrison.(2011).Tourism System. USA: Prentice Hall Publication.  Kamra, K.K. and M.Chand.(2006) Basics of Tourism: Theory operation and practice. New Delhi:Kanishka Publication. www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

49 THANK YOU For queries Email:[email protected] www.cuidol.in Unit-3 & 4 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL