E-LESSON-1 POLITICAL SCIENCE-1

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B.A.English 2POLITICAL SCIENCE-I All right are reserved with CU-IDOL POLITICAL SCIENCE-1 Course Code: BAQ110 Semester: First SLM UNITS : 1 E-Lesson: 1 www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (BAQ110)

POLITICAL SCIENCE-I 33 OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION . In this unit we are going to learn the meaning The student will be able to understand the social of Political Science history of Political Science The student will be able to understand the We shall understand the definition of Political meaning of Political Science Science The student will be able to understand nature and We shall also study the nature and scope of scope of Political Science political Science . www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (BAQ110) INASllTITriUgThEt aOrFeDreISsTeArNveCdE AwNitDh OCNUL-IIDNOE LLEARNING

TOPICS TO BE COVERED 4 1. Political Science: Origin POLITICAL SCIENCE-I 2. Political Science: Meaning & Definition 3. Political Science: Nature & Scope www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (BAQ110) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

POLITICAL SCIENCE : ORIGIN 5  Political Science is a social science which deals with the systematic study of politics.  As an ancient field of learning it first began from the Greeks. Ancient Greece produced a series of intellectual luminaries of whom Socrates, Plato and Aristotle were famous political philosophers.  Socrates laid the foundation of intellectual inquiry and the quest for truth.  Plato and Aristotle were the two early Greek Political Philosophers who made far reaching and lasting contribution in the field of Political Science. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (BAQ110) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

POLITICAL SCIENCE : ORIGIN 6  Politics is in reality a natural and essential aspect of social life.  It is said that politics is an unavoidable fact of human existence.  Politics also takes care of every one. So, modern man is a political animal. Political Science is a social science which deals with the systematic study of politics. Ancient Greeks can claim the credit of being pioneers in studying Political Science methodically. At that time Greeks lived in city states, Greek philosopher like Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, made a scientific study of the various problems which has beset the city-states. Greek philosopher like Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, made a scientific study of the various problems which has beset the city-states. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (BAQ110) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

POLITICAL SCIENCE : ORIGIN 7  So, Aristotle is regarded as the father of Political Science. The term Political Science or politics is derived from the Greek word “Polis” which means city- states or the state. It is, therefore defined as the study of the activities of the state.  But in recent times, Political Science has ceased to be merely a science of “statecraft and eloquence”. The scope of the subject has become so wide that it has become difficult to define “Political Science.” There is a great deal of controversy among the scholars regarding the nature of Political Science. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (BAQ110) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

8 POLITICAL SCIENCE : MEANING  The term ‘Political Science’ or ‘Politics’ has been derived from the Greek word “Polis” which means city state. The Oxford English Dictionary defines Political Science as “the science and art of government, the science dealing with form of organisation and administration of state or part on one with the regulation of its relations with other states. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (BAQ110) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

POLITICAL SCIENCE : MEANING 9  Today, also the administrators, statesmen and diplomats require sound knowledge of Political Science in order to perform their functions with efficiency. The study of Political Science is valuable for securing unity of the nation and also to make the democracy success. The significance of Political Science has assumed much importance in the nuclear age.  G.B. Shaw said “Political Science is the science by which alone civilisation can be saved.” www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (BAQ110) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

POLITICAL SCIENCE : DEFINITION 10 Seeley: “Political Science investigates the phenomena of Government as Political Economy deals with wealth, Biology with the life, Algebra with numbers and Geometry with space and magnitudes.” Garner: “Political Science begins and ends with state.” Gilchrist: “Political Science is a study of state and government.” From the above definitions, we may conclude that Political Science is a social science which deals with the study of state, government, political institutions, political power, political behaviour and political dynamics and it now deals with the study of nature and attitude of human beings, law, human relations, relationship between individual and the state, the extent of individual freedom and self-control. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (BAQ110) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

POLITICAL SCIENCE : NATURE 11 There has been no agreement among thinkers as the scientific nature of Political Science. Aristotle calls it is the master science. Hobbes, Lord Bryce, Vicco, Hume, Fredrick Pollock and Seeley etc. consider it as a science. While, Maitland, Mosca, Burke, Burckle and Comte deny that Political Science is not a science. Political Science is a science, science is a systematised body of knowledge. The task of science is to classify facts and recognise their relative significance and sequence and from principles of general application. A science deals with experimentation, observation within a laboratory and exact conclusion and absolute principles. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (BAQ110) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

POLITICAL SCIENCE : NATURE 12 The following arguments may be given to justify the claim of Political Science to a science: Political Science is a systematised body of knowledge: Facts related to the State, Government and other political institutions are ascertained by employing methods that are systematical. Experimentation is also possible in Political Science: The elements of Direct Democracy have been successfully experimented in the cantons of Switzerland.  Several Political Norms have become Universally accepted: There are certain norms universally accepted in physical sciences www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (BAQ110) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

POLITICAL SCIENCE : NATURE 13 Political Science is not a Science:- Scholars like Buckle, Comte, Mosca and Maitland did not accept the claim of Political Science as a science for the following reasons: There is no agreement among scholars as to its methods, principles and conclusions. The principles of Political Science are not universally accepted and applied.  The principles and findings of Political Science lack exactness. They are mostly hypothetical. The findings cannot be regarded as true and universal. It is difficult to apply scientific methods of investigation to the study Political phenomena because Political phenomena are characterised by uncertainty, variableness and lack of proper order. Laboratory experimentation is not possible in Political Science. In Physical Science the students make experiments in laboratories. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (BAQ110) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

POLITICAL SCIENCE : SCOPE 14 The scope of Political Science implies its subject-matter. In other words, it tells about its jurisdiction. The scope of Political Science is very wide and comprehensive. Political scientists seldom agree on its scope. Political Science has now become an all embracing subject. With the advent of the idea of welfare State and human welfare the scope and importance of political science have expanded widely: A study of the State and Government: The primary concern of Political Science is about the State and Government. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (BAQ110) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

POLITICAL SCIENCE : SCOPE 15 A study of Political Theory and Political Philosophy: Political Science studies about political theory and political philosophy.  A study of political institutions: The field of Political Science is rather vast. It includes the study of political institutions.  A study of Public Administration and Local Administration: The scope of Political Science includes the study of Public Administration and local administration.  A study of relation between the individual and the state: The scope of Political Science includes the nature of relationship between the individual and the state.  A study of International Law and Relations: In 21st Century the isolated existence of the state is totally unthinking. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (BAQ110) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

POLITICAL SCIENCE : SCOPE 16 A study of Political Dynamics: Political Dynamics means the current forces at work in Government and politics. A study of Political Behaviour: Another important part of the scope of Political Science in contemporary times is the study of the political behaviour of the people, in the process of politics.  A study of Political Sociology: The scope of Political Science includes the study of Political Sociology.  A study of Environment of Politics: The study of politics demands a study of the psychological, sociological, economic and anthropological environments, in fact, the total environment in which every political system operates. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (BAQ110) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

POLITICAL SCIENCE : SUMMARY 17 Political Science is a social science which deals with the systematic study of politics. Ancient Greeks can claim the credit of being pioneers in studying Political Science methodically. At that time Greeks lived in city states, Greek philosopher like Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, made a scientific study of the various problems which has beset the city-states. Greek philosopher like Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, made a scientific study of the various problems which has beset the city-states. So, Aristotle is regarded as the father of Political Science.  Political Science has now become an all embracing subject. With the advent of the idea of welfare State and human welfare the scope and importance of political science have expanded widely www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (BAQ110) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. ‘The Republic’ is written by . 18 (A) Socrates (B) Plato (C) Aristotle (D) Rousseau 2. ______________is regarded as the father of Political Science. (A) Plato (B) Socrates (C) Aristotle (D) Machiavelli 3. _____________said “Political Science begins and ends with state”. (A) Laski (B) Green (C) Seeley (D) Garner 4. _______________regarded Political Science as master science. (A) Aristotle (B) Lord Bryee (C) Seeley (D) Humme Answers: 1.(B) 2.(C) 3.(D) 4.(A) www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (BAQ110) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Frequently Asked Questions 19  What do you mean by Political Science?  Make a difference between Politics and Political Science.  Is Political Science a Science?  “Political Science is a misnomer.” Explain.  Define Political Science. Discuss its scope.  Discuss meaning and nature of Political Science.  “Political Science is both Science and Art.” Explain. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (BAQ110) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

REFERENCES 20  J.W. Garner, Political Science and Government (Calcutta, The World Press Ltd., 1951). J.R. Seeley, Introduction to Political Science (London, 1923) E. Barker, Political Thought from Spencer to the Present Day. David Easton, “Alternative Strategies in Theoretical Research” in Varieties of Political Theory. Robert A. Dahl, Modern Political Analysis (New Delhi – 1965) David Easton, The Political System, New York – 1953. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (BAQ110) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

21 THANK YOU www.cuidol.in Unit-1 (BAQ110) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL