E-LESSON-2

IDOL Institute of Distance and Online Learning ENHANCE YOUR QUALIFICATION, ADVANCE YOUR CAREER.

BCA 2 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL Internet Computing & Ethics Course Code: BCA 113 Semester: First E-Lesson: 2 SLM Unit: 2 www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BCA113)

INTERNET & ITS USE: 33 OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION Student will be able to define various techniques In this unit we are going to learn about to get connected with internet. various techniques to get connected with internet along with various internet protocol. Student will be able to learn the various internet protocol. The concept of virtual reality and its use in various fields are also defined. Student will be able to learn about virtual reality. Student will be able to know about cookies and Brief explanation of cookies and session is session. given along with their uses in internet. www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BCAA111133)) INASlTl ITriUgThEt OarFeDrIeSsTeArNvCeEd AwNitDh OCNUL-IIDNOE LLEARNING

TOPICS TO BE COVERED 4  Introduction to Internet Connectivity  About Various Internet Protocol (FTP, HTTP, Telnet, TCP/IP, SMTP)  About Virtual Reality  About cookies  About session www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BCA113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

What is Internet Connectivity 5  The term \"Internet connectivity\" refers to the way people are connected to network of networks (internet). It may include dial-up telephone lines, broadband connections, and wireless devices.  An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, or participating in the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BCA113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Types of Internet Connection 6  There exist several ways to connect to the internet. Following are these connection types available:  Dial-up Connection  ISDN  DSL  Cable TV Internet connections  Satellite Internet connections  Wireless Internet Connections www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BCA113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Types of Internet Connection 7  Dial-up Connection: It uses telephone line to connect PC to the internet. A modem is required to setup dial-up connection. This modem acts as an interface between PC and the telephone line.  There is also a communication program that instructs the modem to make a call to specific number provided by an ISP.  Dial-up connection uses either of the following protocols:  Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)  Point to Point Protocol (PPP) www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BCA113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Types of Internet Connection 8  ISDN: ISDN is acronym of Integrated Services Digital Network. It establishes the connection using the phone lines which carry digital signals instead of analog signals.  There are two techniques to deliver ISDN services:  Basic Rate Interface (BRI)  Primary Rate Interface (PRI)  Key points:  The BRI ISDN consists of three distinct channels on a single ISDN line: t1o 64kbps B (Bearer) channel and one 16kbps D (Delta or Data) channels.  The PRI ISDN consists of 23 B channels and one D channels with both have operating capacity of 64kbps individually making a total transmission rate of 1.54Mbps. www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BCA113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Types of Internet Connection 9  DSL: DSL is acronym of Digital Subscriber Line. It is a form of broadband connection as it provides connection over ordinary telephone lines.  Following are the several versions of DSL technique available today:  Asymmetric DSL (ADSL)  Symmetric DSL (SDSL)  High bit-rate DSL (HDSL)  Rate adaptive DSL (RDSL)  Very high bit-rate DSL (VDSL)  ISDN DSL (IDSL)  All of the above mentioned technologies differ in their upload and download speed, bit transfer rate and level of service. www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BCA113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Types of Internet Connection 10  Cable TV Internet Connection: Cable TV Internet connection is provided through Cable TV lines. It uses coaxial cable which is capable of transferring data at much higher speed than common telephone line.  Key Points:  A cable modem is used to access this service, provided by the cable operator.  The Cable modem comprises of two connections: one for internet service and other for Cable TV signals.  Since Cable TV internet connections share a set amount of bandwidth with a group of customers, therefore, data transfer rate also depends on number of customers using the internet at the same time. www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BCA113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Types of Internet Connection 11  Satellite Internet Connection: Satellite Internet connection offers high speed connection to the internet. There are two types of satellite internet connection: one way connection or two way connection.  In one way connection, we can only download data but if we want to upload, we need a dialup access through ISP over telephone line.  In two way connection, we can download and upload the data by the satellite. It does not require any dialup connection. www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BCA113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Types of Internet Connection 12  Wireless Internet Connection: Wireless Internet Connection makes use of radio frequency bands to connect to the internet and offers a very high speed. The wireless internet connection can be obtained by either WiFi or Bluetooth.  Key Points:  Wi Fi wireless technology is based on IEEE 802.11 standards which allow the electronic device to connect to the internet.  Bluetooth wireless technology makes use of short-wavelength radio waves and helps to create personal area network (PAN). www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BCA113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Internet Protocol 13  It is a digital language through which two systems communicate with others on the Internet.  Protocol means a set of mutually accepted and implemented rules at both ends of the communications channel for the proper exchange of information.  By adopting these rules, two devices can communicate with each other and can interchange information.  We can't even think of using the Internet without Protocols.  Each protocol is defined in different terms and different use with unique name. Message travel from sender to receiver via a medium (The medium is the physical path over which a message travels) using a protocol. www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BCA113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) 14  FTP is a standard internet protocol for transmitting files between computers on the internet over TCP/IP connections. It is a client server protocol that relies on two communications channels between client and server; a command channel for controlling the conversation and a data channel for transmitting files content. Clients initiate conversations with servers by requesting to download a file.  FTP sessions work in a passive and active mode, after a client initiates a session via a command channel request, the server initiates a data connection back to the client and begins transferring data. In passive mode the server instead uses the command channel to send the client the information it needs to open a data channel. www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BCA113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) 15  HTTP is based on client and server model. HTTP is used for making a connection between the web client and web server. HTTP shows information in web pages.  HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)  This is the secure version of HTTP that is now commonly used to access website content. HTTPS (port 443) strengthens HTTP by incorporating SSL or TLS. This protocol allow for the use of encryption. You can see when they are in use because the URL begins with HTTPS and a padlock icon appears in the status bar or browser bar in the browser window. HTTPS is the worldwide standard that is used for payment transactions and for other data-sensitive Internet transactions. www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BCA113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Telnet 16  Telnet is a user command and an underlying TCP/IP protocol for accessing remote computers. Through Telnet, an administrator or another user can access someone else's computer remotely. On the Web, HTTP and FTP protocols allow you to request specific files from remote computers, but not to actually be logged on as a user of that computer. With Telnet, you log on as a regular user with whatever privileges you may have been granted to the specific application and data on that computer.  Telnet is most likely to be used by program developers and anyone who has a need to use specific applications or data located at a particular host computer. www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BCA113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

TCP/IP 17  TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) suite:  The Internet Protocol Suite (commonly known as TCP/IP) is the set of communications protocols used for the Internet and other similar networks.  The Internet Protocol Suite, like many protocol suites, may be viewed as a set of layers. Each layer solves a set of problems involving the transmission of data, and provides a well- defined service to the upper layer protocols based on using services from some lower layers.  In TCP data is broken down into small packets and then sent to the destination. However, IP is making sure packets are transmitted to the right address.  IP is also working with TCP. It is an addressing Protocol. IP addresses packets route them and show different nodes and network Unless it reaches its right destination. The IP protocol is developed in 1970. www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BCA113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

SMTP 18  SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)  This is the protocol that is used to send and receive emails between servers.  It uses port 2.  This protocolis used when email is deliverd from one email client to another email server or from one server to another.  It is the part of application layer of TCP/IP protocol. www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BCA113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Virtual reality (VR) 19  It is a simulated experience that can be similar to or completely different from the real world.  Virtual reality is an artificial environment that is created with software and presented to the user in such a way that the user suspends belief and accepts it as a real environment.  On a computer, virtual reality is primarily experienced through two of the five senses: sight and sound.  The simplest form of virtual reality is a 3-D image that can be explored interactively at a personal computer, usually by manipulating keys or the mouse so that the content of the image moves in some direction or zooms in or out. www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BCA113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Virtual reality (VR) 20  More sophisticated efforts involve such approaches as wrap-around display screens, actual rooms augmented with wearable computers, and haptics devices that let you feel the display images.  Virtual reality can be divided into:  The simulation of a real environment for training and education.  The development of an imagined environment for a game or interactive story.  The Virtual Reality Modelling Language (VRML) allows the creator to specify images and the rules for their display and interaction using textual language statements.  Applications of virtual reality can include :  Entertainment (i.e. gaming)  Educational purposes (i.e. medical or military training). www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BCA113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Cookies 21  Cookies are small files which are stored on a user's computer. They are designed to hold a modest amount of data specific to a particular client and website, and can be accessed either by the web server or the client computer.  This allows the server to deliver a page tailored to a particular user, or the page itself can contain some script which is aware of the data in the cookie and so is able to carry information from one visit to the website (or related site) to the next.  Each cookie is effectively a small lookup table containing pairs of (key, data) values - for example (first-name, John) (last-name, Smith). Once the cookie has been read by the code on the server or client computer, the data can be retrieved and used to customize the web page appropriately. Unit-2(BCA113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL www.cuidol.in

Cookies 22  Writing data to a cookie is usually done when a new webpage is loaded  Cookies are a convenient way to carry information from one session on a website to another, or between sessions on related websites, without having to burden a server machine with massive amounts of data storage.  If there is a large amount of information to store, then a cookie can simply be used as a means to identify a given user so that further related information can be looked up on a server-side database  The time of expiry of a cookie can be set when the cookie is created. By default the cookie is destroyed when the current browser window is closed, but it can be made to persist for an arbitrary length of time after that. www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BCA113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Session 23  A session is a collection of data stored on the server and associated with a given user (usually via a cookie containing an id code).  Session is used for maintaining a dialogue between server and user.  It is more secure because it is stored on the server, we cannot easily access it.  It embeds cookies on the user computer.  It stores unlimited data. www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BCA113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Session vs Cookies 24 Session Cookies  A session creates a file in a temporary  Cookies are text files stored on the client directory on the server where registered computer and they are kept of use session variables and their values are tracking purpose. Server script sends a stored. This data will be available to all set of cookies to the browser. For pages on the site during that visit. example name, age, or identification number etc. The browser stores this  A session ends when the user closes the information on a local machine for future browser or after leaving the site, the use. server will terminate the session after a  When next time browser sends any predetermined period of time, commonly request to web server then it sends those 30 minutes duration. cookies information to the server and server uses that information to identify the user. www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BCA113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 25 Q1. A session is a collection of data stored on the ---------? a) Browser b) Server c) Local Files d) None of these Q2.What is the full form HTTP: a) Hightext transfer Protocol b) Hypertext transmission Process c) Hypertext transfer Protocol (Right) d) None of these Q3.IP stands for : a) Internet Protocol (Right) b) Internet Process c) Internet Password d) Internet Progress www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BCA113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 26 Q4.What is Internet: a) Network of Network b) Wide Area Network c) Interconnected computers from the world d) All of the above (Right) Q5.What do you mean by VR: a) Real Environment b) Fake Environment c) Virtual Environment (Right) d) Imaginative Environment Q6.What is the full form of FTP: a) File Transfer Program b) File Transmission Program c) File Transfer Protocol (Right) d) None of these www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BCA113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

SUMMARY 27  The term \"Internet connectivity\" refers to the way people are connected to network of networks (internet). It may include dial-up telephone lines, broadband connections, and wireless devices.  Internet Protocol is a digital language through which two systems communicate with others on the Internet.  FTP is a standard internet protocol for transmitting files between computers on the internet over TCP/IP connections.  HTTP protocol were used to access web content.  Telnet is a user command and an underlying TCP/IP protocol for accessing remote computers.  The Internet Protocol Suite (commonly known as TCP/IP) is the set of communications protocols used for the Internet and other similar networks.  SMPT protocol that is used to send and receive emails between servers. www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BCA113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

SUMMARY 28  Virtual reality is an artificial environment that is created with software and presented to the user in such a way that the user suspends belief and accepts it as a real environment.  Cookies are small files which are stored on a user's computer. They are designed to hold a modest amount of data specific to a particular client and website, and can be accessed either by the web server or the client computer.  A session is a collection of data stored on the server and associated with a given user (usually via a cookie containing an id code). www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BCA113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

REFERENCES 29  http://ecomputernotes.com/computernetworkingnotes/computer-network/protocol  http://www.whatarecookies.com/  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_reality www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BCA113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

30 THANK YOU www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BCA113) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL