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2 BACHELOR OF SCIENC (Emerging International Tourist Destination) Course Code: BTT 106 Semester: Second SLM Unit: 2 Unit: 2 www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
Emerging International Tourist 33 Destinations OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION To make students aware of the economy of Great In this unit we are going to learn about the Britain country facts Great Britain To develop an understanding of tourism statistics Under this you will learn and understand the Great Britain. passport and visa regulations of Great Britain. To make students understand the passport and In this unit you will learn the tourist resources visa regulations of Great Britain. and activities of Great Britain. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTTT110066)) INSTITUTE OF DAISllTAriNgChEt aArNeDreOsNeLrvINeEdLwEiAthRNCIUN-GIDOL
TOPICS TO BE COVERED 4 ∙ List the Great Britain country facts ∙ Explain the economy of country and tourism statistics ∙ State the passport and visa regulations and major tourism locations www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
5 GREAT BRITAIN 5 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL Great Britain is an island lying off the western coast of Europe, comprising the main territory of the United Kingdom. Great Britain is the official name given to the two kingdoms of England and Scotland, and the principality of Wales. Great Britain is made up of: England - The capital is London. Scotland - The capital is Edinburgh . Wales - The capital is Cardiff www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106)
• Great Britain is divided into small regions called counties. 6 ..•. The term Great Britain was first used during the reign of King James I of England (James VI of Scotland) in 1603, to refer to the separate kingdoms of England and Scotland. on the same landmass, that were ruled over by the same monarch. Despite having the same monarch, both kingdoms kept their own parliaments. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106) 6All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
ECONOMY 7 The United Kingdom has a fiercely independent, developed, and international trading economy that was at the forefront of the 19th-century Industrial Revolution. The country emerged from World War II as a military victor but with a debilitated manufacturing sector. Postwar recovery was relatively slow, and it took nearly 40 years, with additional stimulation after 1973 from membership in the European Economic Community (ultimately succeeded by the European Union [EU]), for the British economy to improve its competitiveness significantly. Economic growth rates in the 1990s compared favourably with those of other top industrial countries. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
Manufacturing’s contribution to gross domestic product (GDP) has declined to 8 about one-fifth of the total, with services providing the source of greatest growth. The United Kingdom’s chief trading ties shifted from its former empire to other members of the EU, which came to account for more than half its trade in tangible goods. The United States remained a major investment and trading partner, and Japan also became a significant investor in local production. American and Japanese companies have often chosen the United Kingdom as their European base. In addition, other fast-developing East Asian countries with export-oriented economies included the United Kingdom’s open market among their important outlets. Unit 1(BTT 106) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL www.cuidol.in
Fishing 9 Although the United Kingdom is one of Europe’s leading fishing countries, the industry has been in long-term decline. Fishing limits were extended to 200 nautical miles (370 km) offshore in the mid-1970s, and, because a significant part of the area fished by EU members lies within British waters, catches were regulated on a community-wide basis while the United Kingdom was a member of the EU. Meanwhile, the United Kingdom lost opportunities to fish in some more-distant waters (e.g., those off Iceland), and this reduced its total catch more than that of other countries of the EU. The United Kingdom’s fishing industry now supplies only half the country’s total demand. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
Resources and power Minerals 10 The United Kingdom has relatively limited supplies of economically valuable mineral resources. The once-important extraction of iron ore has dwindled to almost nothing. Other important metals that are mined include tin, which supplies about half the domestic demand, and zinc. There are adequate supplies of nonmetallic minerals, including sand and gravel, limestone, dolomite, chalk, slate, barite, talc, clay and clay shale, kaolin (china clay), ball clay, fuller’s earth, celestine, and gypsum. Sand, gravel, limestone, and other crushed rocks are quarried for use in construction. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
Energy 11 By contrast, the United Kingdom has relatively large energy resources including oil, natural gas, and coal. Coal, the fuel once vital to the British economy, has continued to decrease in importance. Compared with its peak year of 1913, when more than one million workers produced more than 300 million tons, current output has fallen by more than four-fifths, with an even greater reduction in the labour force. Power stations are the major customers for coal, but, with growth in the use of other fuels and the increasing closing of pits that have become uneconomical to operate, the industry remains under considerable pressure. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
Finance 12 The United Kingdom, particularly London, has traditionally been a world financial centre. Restructuring and deregulation transformed the sector during the 1980s and ’90s, with important changes in banking, insurance, the London Stock Exchange, shipping, and commodity markets. Some long-standing distinctions between financial institutions have become less clear-cut. For example, housing loans used to be primarily the responsibility of building societies, but increasingly banks and insurance companies have entered this area of lending. Two related developments have occurred: www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
13 The transformation of building-society branch offices into virtual banks with personal cashing facilities and the diversification of all three of these types of institutions into real estate services. Building societies also participate to a limited extent in investment services, insurance, trusteeship, executorship, and land services. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
Trade 14 Trade has long been pivotal to the United Kingdom’s economy. The total value of imports and exports represents nearly half the country’s GDP. (By comparison, the value of foreign trade amounts to about one-fifth of the GDP of the United States.) The volume of both the exports and the imports of the United Kingdom has grown steadily in recent years. Principal British exports include machinery, automobiles and other transport equipment, electrical and electronic equipment (including computers), chemicals, and oil. Services, particularly financial services, are another major export and contribute positively to Britain’s trade balance. Unit 1(BTT 106) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL www.cuidol.in
Services 15 The most remarkable economic development in the United Kingdom has been the growth of service industries, which now provide about two-thirds of the GDP and three-fourths of total employment. This reflects the rise in real personal incomes, changes in patterns of consumer expenditure, and the elaboration and increasing outsourcing of business services. Although some services—for example, public transportation, laundries, and movie theatres—have declined in favour of privately owned goods—such as automobiles, washing machines, and television sets—this has stimulated increased demand for the related services that distribute, maintain, and repair such products. Other growing service industries include hotels and catering, air travel and other leisure-related activities, distribution (particularly retailing), and finance. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
TOURISM STATISTIC 16 Tourism contributes £106 billion to the British economy & GDP and supports 2.6 million jobs. By 2025 the UK tourism industry will be worth over £257 billion, around 10% of the UK GDP. The industry supports 3.8 million jobs and has a huge impact on the UK economy. In 2018, 37.9 million tourists visited the UK, but this reached an all-time high in 2017 with million! In July 2019 alone, £2.9 billion was spent here by overseas residents, demonstrating how substantial tourism is to the economy. USA residents visit the most as 3,877,000 people visited in 2018, closely followed by France. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
Tourism in London statistics demonstrates the popularity of the capital in 17 comparison to other locations in the UK as the city has 8 times more visitors than the second most visited city. Holidays is the number one reason as to why tourists visit the UK, 63% of visits to the UK are for a holiday away. Few highlighted point: ● Tourism is the fastest growing industry in Britain. It is expected to expand by 3.8% a year up until 2025, accounting for 10% of all jobs. ● £22.5 billion was spent by overseas travellers in the UK in 2016. ● Inbound tourism statistics recorded 37.9 million inbound visits to the UK in 2018, 3% less than 2017 which had 39.2 million. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
GENERAL FACTS 18 • Location - Northwestern Europe • Coordinates- 53°50′N 2°25′W • Adjacent bodies of water - Atlantic Ocean • Area - 209,331 km2 (80,823 sq mi) • Area rank - 9th • Highest elevation- 1,344 m (4,409 ft) • Highest point - Ben Nevis • Largest & Capital city - London (pop. 8,615,246) • Population - 60,800,000[2] (2011 census) www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106) 1A8ll right are reserved with CU-IDOL
19 Population rank - 3rd Pop. density - 302 /km2 (782 /sq mi) Languages - English, Scots, Welsh, Scottish Gaelic, Ethnic groups - Cornish 86.8% White . 7.1% Asian 3.1% Black 2.0% Mixed 0.3% Arab www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106) 1A9ll right are reserved with CU-IDOL
20 • The climate in Britain is usually described as cool, temperate and humid. • The longest river in Great Britain is Severn. Other rivers include Thames, Tees, Tyne and Avon. • The high peak mountains are located in Scotland and Wales. • The highest peaks in Great Britain are: Scotland: Ben Nevis, 1,344 metres Wales: Snowdon (Snowdonia), 1,085 metres England: Scafell Pike (Cumbrian Mountains), 978 metres . www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106) 2A0ll right are reserved with CU-IDOL
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MAJOR CITIES 22 www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106) 2A2ll right are reserved with CU-IDOL
LONDON 23 • London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south-east of England, at the head of its 50-mile (80 km) estuary leading to the North Sea, London has been a major settlement for two millennia • Greater London is governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly. • London is considered to be one of the world's most important global cities and has been termed the world's most powerful, most desirable, most influential, most visited, most expensive, innovative, sustainable, most investment friendly, and most popular for work city in the world. • It is the most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the busiest city airport system as measured by passenger traffic. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106) 2A3ll right are reserved with CU-IDOL
• London ranks 26 out of 300 major cities for 24 economic performance. it is one of the largest financial centers and has either the 2A4ll right are reserved with CU-IDOL fifth or sixth largest metropolitan area GDP. • London's universities form the largest concentration of higher education institutes in Europe, and is home to highly ranked institutions such as Imperial College London In natural and applied sciences, the London School of Economics in social sciences, and the comprehensive University College London . • In 2012, London became the first city to have hosted three modern Summer Olympic Games. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106)
OXFORD 25 • The University of Oxford is a collegiate research university in Oxford, England. There is evidence of teaching as early as 1096,making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the world's second-oldest university in continuous operation after the University of Bologna. • The university is made up of 39 constituent colleges, and a range of academic departments, which are organized into four divisions. All the colleges are self-governing institutions within the university, each controlling its own membership and with its own internal structure and activities. • Oxford has educated many notable alumni, including 28 prime ministers of the United Kingdom and many heads of state and government around the world. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106) 2A5ll right are reserved with CU-IDOL
• It operates the world's oldest university museum, as well as the largest university 26 press in the world and the largest academic library system nationwide. • It grew rapidly from 1167 when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris. After disputes between students and Oxford townsfolk in 1209, some academics fled north-east to Cambridge where they established what became the University of Cambridge. • The two \"ancient universities\" are frequently jointly called “Oxbridge”. The history and influence of the University of Oxford has made it one of the most prestigious universities in the world www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106) 2A6ll right are reserved with CU-IDOL
Edinburgh 27 • IT is the capital of Scotland. • It holds an annual Festival of Music and Drama. • The oldest building is the Castle standing on a hill in the centre of the city. • Princes Street with a well-known monument to Sir Walter Scott (a famous writer) who was born in Edinburgh. • Recognized as the capital of Scotland since at least the 15th century, Edinburgh is the seat of the Scottish Government, the Scottish Parliament and the supreme courts of Scotland. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106) 2A7ll right are reserved with CU-IDOL
• The city has long been a centre of education, particularly in the fields of 28 medicine, Scots law literature, philosophy, the sciences and engineering. • Edinburgh is Scotland's second most populous city and the seventh most populous in the United Kingdom. • The city is the annual venue of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland. It is home to national institutions such as the National Museum of Scotland , the National Library of Scotland and the Scottish National Gallery. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106) 2A8ll right are reserved with CU-IDOL
• The city has long been a centre of education, particularly in the fields of 29 medicine, Scots law literature, philosophy, the sciences and engineering. • Edinburgh is Scotland's second most populous city and the seventh most populous in the United Kingdom. • The city is the annual venue of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland. It is home to national institutions such as the National Museum of Scotland , the National Library of Scotland and the Scottish National Gallery. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106) 2A9ll right are reserved with CU-IDOL
Canterbury 30 • It is the seat of the Archbishop and a magnificent cathedral from the 11th century. • Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury, was murdered in the cathedral by order of the king in 1170 and soon this made Canterbury the biggest pilgrimage site in England. • The pilgrimage to Canterbury is also reflected in Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106) 3A0ll right are reserved with CU-IDOL
31 • Britain will have a tourism industry worth over £257 billion by 2025 – just under 10% of UK GDP and supporting almost 3.8 million jobs, which is around 11% of the total UK number. • Business visits are most likely to be repeat visits (92%), followed by visits to see friends or relatives (85%) and 63% of holiday visits were repeat trips. • London attracts a high proportion of travelers to the UK, and among holiday visitors staying in one region/nation only, 68% of first-time and 66% of repeat visits. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106) 3A1ll right are reserved with CU-IDOL
32 • Canterbury is a popular tourist destination: consistently one of the most-visited cities in the United Kingdom the city's economy is heavily reliant upon tourism. • The Canterbury area has been inhabited since prehistoric times. Lower Paleolithic axes, and Neolithic and Bronze Age pots have been found in the area. • Canterbury is a historic English cathedral city and UNESCO World Heritage Site, situated in the heart of the City of Canterbury, a local government district of Kent, England. It lies on the River Stour. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106) 3A2ll right are reserved with CU-IDOL
Festivals, celebrations and public holidays 33 • 25th January – Burns’ Night (Scotland) • 8th February – Chinese New Year. • 9th Feb – Shrove Tuesday or ‘Pancake Day’ • 14th Feb – Valentine’s Day • 1st March – St David’s Day (Wales) • 25th–28th March – Easter weekend • 23rd April – St George’s Day (England) www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106) 3A3ll right are reserved with CU-IDOL
• 2nd and 30th May – Bank holidays 34 • 13th June – The Queen’s Official Birthday • 29th–6th August – Eisteddfod 3A4ll right are reserved with CU-IDOL • 31st October– Halloween • 5th Nov – Bonfire night • 30th Nov – St Andrew’s Day (Scotland) • 25th Dec– Christmas • 26th Dec– Boxing Day www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106)
Tourism in Great Britain 35 • Britain is forecast to have a tourism industry worth over £257 billion by 2025. • The sector is predicted to grow at an annual rate of 3.8% through to 2025 - significantly faster than the overall UK economy (with a predicted annual rate of 3% per annum) and much faster than sectors such as manufacturing, construction and retail. • Inbound tourism will continue to be the fastest growing tourism sector. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106) 3A5ll right are reserved with CU-IDOL
36 • Britain will have a tourism industry worth over £257 billion by 2025 – just under 10% of UK GDP and supporting almost 3.8 million jobs, which is around 11% of the total UK number. • Business visits are most likely to be repeat visits (92%), followed by visits to see friends or relatives (85%) and 63% of holiday visits were repeat trips. • London attracts a high proportion of travelers to the UK, and among holiday visitors staying in one region/nation only, 68% of first-time and 66% of repeat visits. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106) 3A6ll right are reserved with CU-IDOL
37 37 Passport Regulations •Many countries require passport validity of no less than 6 months and one or two blank pages. •Countries requiring passport validity of at least 6 months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Benin, Bhutan, Cambodia, Comoros, Egypt,, Fiji, Guyana, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Kenya, Malaysia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Tanzania, Uganda, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
• countries requiring passport validity of at least 4 months on arrival- Micronesia, 38 Zambia ... • Countries requiring passport validity of at least 3 months on arrival -Georgia, Honduras, Iceland, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Moldova, Nauru, Panama, United Arab Emirates. • Countries requiring passport validity of at least 1 month on arrival include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Macao, New Zealand, South Africa. • Other countries require either a passport valid on arrival or passport valid throughout the period of intended stay. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106) 3A8ll right are reserved with CU-IDOL
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PASSPORT AND VISA REGULATIONS 40 Visa requirements for British citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of the United Kingdom. As of 7 July 2020, British citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 185 countries and territories, ranking the British passport 7th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Belgium, Norway, Switzerland and the US) according to the Henley Passport Index. Additionally, the World Tourism Organization also published a report on 15 January 2016 ranking the British passport 1st in the world (tied with Denmark, Finland, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and Singapore) in terms of travel freedom, with a mobility index of 160 (out of 215 with no visa weighted by 1, visa on arrival weighted by 0.7, eVisa by 0.5, and traditional visa weighted by 0). www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
Visa requirements for other classes of British nationals such as British Nationals (Overseas), 41 British Overseas Citizens, British Overseas Territories Citizens, British Protected Persons or British Subjects are different. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, several countries have imposed temporary travel restrictions on British citizens or persons arriving from the United Kingdom. ● Philippines — admission refused, except spouses and children of Filipino nationals. ● South Africa — visitors who have been in, transited through, or are nationals of several designated \"high-risk countries\" (including the United Kingdom) are not allowed to enter. Visa requirements are different depending on the origin of the individual wishing to enter the United Kingdom. Some individuals are entitled to enter the United Kingdom without a visa and have no restrictions on their length of stay, work policies or study policies. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
Visa Regulations 42 • In February 2016, British citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 175 countries and territories, ranking the British passport 3rd in the world just after German (177) and Swedish (176). www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106) 4A2ll right are reserved with CU-IDOL
Type of UK Visa : 43 • visitor visa • Work visas • Student visas Visa exemptions : • United Kingdom tourist visa is not required for citizens of United States of America for a stay up to 180 days. • British Nationals which are not European Union citizens and citizens of 56 countries and territories are visa-exempt for stays in the UK of up to 6 months (or 3 months if they enter from the Republic of Ireland). www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106) 4A3ll right are reserved with CU-IDOL
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England 45 • The largest country of the UK, covers over 50,000 square miles • only 35 km from France • mostly low-lying land, with hills and agricultural land • the north is mostly covered in moorland and mountains (Dartmoor, Exmoor) • Capital City: London • Major Cities: Birmingham, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Sheffield www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106) 4A5ll right are reserved with CU-IDOL
46 • Highest point: Scafell Pike 978 m (part of the Cumbrian Mountains in North West England = known as Lake District) • Longest river: Thames (346 km) • Largest Lake: Windermere • a long coastline of 3,200 km www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106) 4A6ll right are reserved with CU-IDOL
Major destination :- 47 • London • Southwest England 4A7ll right are reserved with CU-IDOL • Southeast England • Northern England • Central England www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106)
Attraction in London Attractions in Southwest:- 48 • British Museum • Bath • London Eye • Bristol • Buckingham Palace • Bournemouth • Tower of London • Chipping Campden • Covent Garden • Clovelly • London Zoo • Cornwall • Devon www.cuidol.in • Dorset • Glastonbury Unit 1(BTT 106) 4A8ll right are reserved with CU-IDOL
Attractions in Northern England 49 • Berwick-upon-Tweed • Liverpool • Blackpool • Manchester • Chester • Newcastle-Gateshead • Hadrian's Wall • Whitby • Lake District • York • Leeds • Lincoln www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106) 4A9ll right are reserved with CU-IDOL
Attractions in Southeast Attractions in Central England 50 • Brighton • Birmingham • Canterbury • Cambridge • ColchesterIsle of Wight • Cotswolds • Portsmouth • Leicester • Southwold • Nottingham • Whitstable • Oxford • Wincheste • Stratford-upon-Avon www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 106) 5A0ll right are reserved with CU-IDOL
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