9. Backup Fundamentals

Foundation Course on Information Technology Outsourcing UNIT - 9: BACKUP FUNDAMENTALS Structure 9.0 Learning Objectives 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Backup architecture 9.3 Different type of Backups 9.4 Different type of Backup tools used in DXC 9.5 Tools used to do Backup monitoring 9.6 How to run different commands in the Tools 9.7 Summary 9.8 Glossary 9.9 References 9.0 Learning Objectives After studying this unit, you will be able to: • Interpret Backup architecture • Identify different types of Backup • Understanding Backup Monitoring 9.1 Introduction In information technology, a backup, or data backup is a copy of computer data taken and stored elsewhere so that it may be used to restore the original after a data loss event. The verb form, referring to the process of doing so, is \"back up\", whereas the noun and adjective form is \"backup\". Backups can be used to recover data after its loss from data deletion or corruption, or to recover data from an earlier time. Backups provide a simple form of disaster recovery; however not all backup systems are able to reconstitute a computer system or other complex configuration such as a computer cluster, active directory server, or database server. A backup system contains at least one copy of all data considered worth saving. The data storage requirements can be large. An information repository model may be used to provide structure to this storage. There are different types of data storage devices used for copying backups

Foundation Course on Information Technology Outsourcing of data that is already in secondary storage onto archive files. There are also different ways these devices can be arranged to provide geographic dispersion, data security, and portability. 9.2 Backup Architecture The main goal of backup is to generate a copy of the data that can be recovered if the primary data fails. Failure can be hardware or software failures, data corruption, or a human-initiated event such as an attack (virus or malware) or data deletion by an accident. The act of backing up your data in the case of a loss and putting up secure mechanisms that allow you to recover your data, as a result, this process is known as data backup and recovery. It copies and preserves data in order to keep it available in the event of data loss or damage. Suppose you have backed up your data, so you can only recover data from a previous point in time. Data backup is a type of disaster recovery that should be included in every plan for disaster recovery. Backup copies should be made on a constant, regular basis for optimal outcomes, since this will reduce the amount of data lost between backups. When recovering from a backup, the longer the gap between backup copies, the greater the risk of data loss. Backup system architecture is the model used by virtually every backup system to facilitate both data backup and restoration of lost or corrupted data. Backup solutions have been following the backup system architecture model as it has evolved since the mid- to-late-1980s. This model evolved with the availability of personal computers, open systems, and high-speed data networks that connected them. It has endured and evolved through the boom of open systems Backup Architecture constitutes of the following four components: • Backup Servers • Backup Clients • Media Servers • Backup Destinations / Targets

Foundation Course on Information Technology Outsourcing Backup Architecture Backup Servers A backup server is a type of server that enables the backup of data, files, applications and/or databases on a specialized in-house or remote server. It combines hardware and software technologies that provide backup storage and retrieval services to connected computers, servers or related devices. Backup Clients A backup client is the source computer or node within a backup process that contains the data to be backed up on a destination storage server/location. A backup client is generally the end user’s computer or server in a network enabled backup environment. Backup client can also be referred to the client-end backup software. The notion of a backup client is derived from the client/server architecture, where a client requests and is dependent on the server for any specific service. Similarly, the backup client communicates with a backup server to complete the backup process. Typically, a backup client can be a computer, server, networking hardware or a virtual machine. Usually, to initiate and execute a backup process, the backup client requires client-end backup software, which communicates with the backup server software or the backup server itself. The individual user/administrator can configure the backup client to select the type, location and schedule of data to be backed up.

Foundation Course on Information Technology Outsourcing Media Servers A media server delivers video and audio content to clients who request it. The term is used to refer both to a software application that performs this function and a host that’s running the media server software. The most common use of media servers is probably to deliver video on demand (VOD), in which the media server retrieves prerecorded video content from storage and delivers it across the Internet. In the simplest case, the video file is embedded in a web page and stored on the same host as the other components of the page. But perhaps the most common use case for VOD is subscription services like Netflix, Amazon, and Hulu, where media servers located all over the world deliver video to millions of customers from content delivery networks (CDNs). As discussed further below, there are several techniques for VOD, and a media server needs to support some or all of them depending on the kinds of video players it supports. Live streaming is another increasingly popular use of media- streaming servers. In this case, the media server delivers content as it is generated in real time (or with only a slight delay). Pay-per-view sporting events are examples of live streaming. In contrast to VOD, with live streaming the content provider determines when users view the video (as with broadcast television). Live streams can also be recorded for later access as VOD. Backup Destinations / Targets Backup target is the destination where we put our backup files. In conjunction with backup server, backup target also an important part of backup system which have several forms: Tape Backups: This is the oldest form of backup target but have latest update on LTO- 8. VTL: this is the hybrid approach between disks and tape, where we virtually simulate tape drive into a disks based appliance. Disks: This is the latest approach of backup, where the earlier form have a versioning (LTO-8 for example) exclusivity. Benefits • Restore back up files capability • Make storage capacity of backup file

Foundation Course on Information Technology Outsourcing 9.3 Different Type of Backups There are mainly three types of backup are there: Full backup, differential backup, and incremental backup. Let’s take a look at each types of backup and its respective pros and cons. Full Backup A full backup is the most complete type of backup where you clone all the selected data. This includes files, folders, SaaS applications, hard drives and more. The highlight of a full backup is the minimal time it requires to restore data. However, since as everything is backed up in one go, it takes longer to backup compared to other types of backup. The other common issue with running full backups is that it overloads storage space. That’s why most businesses tend to run a full backup and occasionally follow it up with differential or incremental backup. This reduces the burden on the storage space, increasing backup speed. Differential Backup A differential backup straddles the line between a full and an incremental backup. This type of backup involves backing up data that was created or changed since the last full backup. To put it simply, a full backup is done initially, and then subsequent backups are run to include all the changes made to the files and folders It lets you restore data faster than full backup since it requires only two backup components: an initial full backup and the latest differential backup. Let’s see how a differential backup works: • Day 1 – Schedule a full backup • Day 2 – Schedule a differential backup. It will cover all the changes that took place between Day 1 and Day 2 • Day 3 – Schedule a differential backup. It will make a copy of all the data that has changed from Day 2 (this includes the full backup on Day 1 + differential backup) and Day 3. Incremental Backup The first backup in an incremental backup is a full backup. The succeeding backups will only store changes that were made to the previous backup. Businesses have more flexibility in spinning these types of backups as often as they want, with only the most recent changes stored. Incremental backup requires space to store only the changes (increments), which allows for lightning-fast backups.

Foundation Course on Information Technology Outsourcing Types of Backups

Foundation Course on Information Technology Outsourcing Difference Between Full, Differential and Incremental Backups Full Differential Incremental Storage Space High Medium to High Low Backup Speed Slowest Fast Fastest Restoration Speed Fastest Fast Slowest Media Required for Most recent Most recent full Most recent full Recovery backup only backup & most backup & all recent differential incremental Duplication Stores a lot of duplicate files backup backups since full backup Stores duplicate files No duplicate files 9.4 Different Type of Backup Tools Used in Dxc

Foundation Course on Information Technology Outsourcing 9.5 Tools Used to Do Backup Monitoring Backup Monitoring can be defined as: A software is designed to collect all the alerts generated by backup applications and then compile those alerts into a meaningful report. That way, a backup admin can look at a single backup summary Following are some of the most common backup monitoring tools Backup Monitoring Tools 9.6 How to Run Different Commands in The Tools

Foundation Course on Information Technology Outsourcing 9.7 Summary • Backup software are computer programs used to perform a backup; they create supplementary exact copies of files, databases or entire computers. • Backup software helps you to create copies of files, database, and hard drive that prevents your data loss. 9.8 Glossary • Primary Storage: This is data that is being protected. Primary storage typically includes entire data partitions, but may also include specific sub-directories or individual files. • Backup Volume: Data that is replicated from Primary Storage to an alternate location. • Backup System: A system that is responsible for coordinating the backup and restore processing and providing Secondary Storage for data. • Network Full: A type of Full Backup that copies Primary Storage on a target system over a network to Secondary Storage. 9.9 References • https://spanning.com/blog/types-of-backup-understanding-full-differential- incremental-backup/ • https://www.n-able.com/features/types-of-backup • https://www.paessler.com/backup_monitoring • https://www.techopedia.com/definition/4229/backup-software

Foundation Course in Information Technology Outsourcing: Backup Fundamentals Protection of VMware Virtual Appliances don't need a backup agent to be installed within the Guest OS from now on NextGen BUR can safeguard any Virtual Appliance as long as VMware can run it. In conclusion, data, as well as server setup information, are safeguarded during backup and backup and subsequent Image level recovery, it is restored. Microsoft VSS - The Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS) is a part of the very recent Windows OS. To trigger snapshot events NetBackup communicates with this service at the Hyper-V host and VM level. when this event takes place, VSS tells Windows to flush all read-write buffers so that no disc I/O is left in memory. It then begins a snapshot process, once this process is completed, I/O is continued. Hyper-V snapshots empower NetBackup to accomplish more incorporated, proficient, off- host and LAN free backup of Hyper-V Virtual Servers, decreasing host assets to process backup and increase backup effectively throughput empowering bigger backups. In the conclusion, not only data but server setup information is safeguarded during backing up and restoring during subsequent image-level recovery. NDMP: It stands for Network Data Management Protocol, which is a protocol created by NetApp and PDC, gained by Legato and presently EMC companies, intended to move information between Network Attached Storage (NAS) and backup devices. This eliminates the requirement for transporting the information through the host server. Therefore, improving the throughput of backup and recovery. VMware Virtual Server - RDMs - This type of backup is for SAP only and will be applied to VMware Virtual Servers that support PaaS. 9.5 TOOLS USED TO DO BACKUP MONITORING Backup Monitoring can be defined as: Page 10 of 12 All Rights Reserved. Vol. TLE001/03-2022

Foundation Course in Information Technology Outsourcing: Backup Fundamentals Software is designed to collect all the alerts generated by backup applications and then compile those alerts into a meaningful report. That way, a backup admin can look at a single backup summary Following are some of the most common backup monitoring tools Backup Monitoring Tools 9.6 HOW TO RUN DIFFERENT COMMANDS IN THE TOOLS 9.7 SUMMARY ● Backup software are computer programs used to perform a backup; they create supplementary exact copies of files, databases, or entire computers. Page 11 of 12 All Rights Reserved. Vol. TLE001/03-2022

Foundation Course in Information Technology Outsourcing: Backup Fundamentals ● Backup software helps you to create copies of files, database, and hard drive that prevents your data loss. 9.8 GLOSSARY ● Primary Storage: This is data that is being protected. Primary storage typically includes entire data partitions, but may also include specific sub-directories or individual files. ● Backup Volume: Data that is replicated from Primary Storage to an alternate location. ● Backup System: A system that is responsible for coordinating the backup and restore processing and providing Secondary Storage for data. ● Network Full: A type of Full Backup that copies Primary Storage on a target system over a network to Secondary Storage. 9.9 REFERENCES ● https://spanning.com/blog/types-of-backup-understanding-full- differential-incremental-backup/ ● https://www.n-able.com/features/types-of-backup ● https://www.paessler.com/backup_monitoring ● https://www.techopedia.com/definition/4229/backup-software Page 12 of 12 All Rights Reserved. Vol. TLE001/03-2022