E-LESSON-3, 4 , 5

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BSC.TTM 2 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL MANAGING TRANSPORT OPERATIONS Course Code : BTT 102 Semester: First SLM Units : 3, 4 & 5 E-LESSON : 3 www.cuidol.in Unit-3,4 & 5 (BTT 102)

Introduction of Travel and transport 33 OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION Student will be able to : In this unit we are going to learn about the relationship and importance of tourism and To Understand importance and relationship between transport industry tourism and transport industry. To study about the challenges faced by tourism based Under this unit you will analyze and transportation sector . understand the challenges faced by tourism based transportation sectors and role of To study the role of transportation industry in making transport in making world a Global Village . world a Global Village www.cuidol.in Unit-3,4 & 5 (BTT 102) INASlTl ITriUgThEt OarFeDrIeSsTeArNvCeEd AwNitDh OCNUL-IIDNOE LLEARNING

TOPICS TO BE COVERED 4 > Introduction of tourism and transport sector > Importance and relationship between tourism and transport industry > Challenges faced by tourism based transportation sector > Role of transportation industry in making world a Global Village www.cuidol.in Unit-3,4 & 5 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Introduction of Tourism and Transport Sector 5  Transport has emerged as one of the more complex global economic sectors. It forms the backbone of national & international commerce by acting as a mechanism for the movement of freight & people. As a result, growth in transport systems share with growth in tourism & vice versa.  Developments in transport can & will have an enormous impact on people’s mobility, motivation & demand. Tourists benefited from the introduction of new technologies in transportation which have affected the rise in demand of travel.  Transport networks play a key role in development of destinations, especially in context of accessibility and connectivity and therefore tourism and transport sectors are interrelated www.cuidol.in Unit-3,4 & 5 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Importance of Transport in Tourism 6  Transportation has been an integral part of the tourism industry.  Transportation links tourists with various tourist attractions.  There is a general agreement that tourism expands more when there are better transportation systems. www.cuidol.in Unit-3,4 & 5 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

7 www.cuidol.in Unit-3,4 & 5 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Interrelationship between Tourism and Transport 8 Transportation plays important role in enriching the travel experience of a tourist depends on the mode of transportation and the frequency of use. Transportation can turn into a separate tourist attraction element; cruising, Orient Express trains, boat trips along the river and etc. are the best examples to tourist attractions. The effective factors in choosing the transportation mode in tourism are given below Time limit • Distance • Benefit • Status • Price • Comfort • Geographical position • Security • Competition www.cuidol.in Unit-3,4 & 5 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Air Transportation 9  One of the most important transportation modes in tourism is air travel. Air travel has made significant changes in people’s minds concerning time and distance. In order to meet the demand which increases every day, the airline companies spend billions of dollars and apply new technological innovations. Having matchless role in long distances the air travel industry develops very rapidly. The world’s airline industry numbers 1,629 airlines, 27,271 aircraft, 3,733 airports, 29.6 million scheduled departures a year, and carries 2.7 billion of passengers a year . The major aircraft making companies to share the market will be Airbus and Boeing. www.cuidol.in Unit-3,4 & 5 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Automobile Transportation 10  In short distances automobile transportation comes forward in regard to other modes of transportation. The automobile transportation makes it easy to see local culture and nations. It presents great flexibility in contrast to other modes of transportation. The importance of this mode in tourism is also very important. When compared with the prices in air transportation, this mode of transportation is frequently used by tourists because of low prices. But the main factor affecting this choice is time and distance www.cuidol.in Unit-3,4 & 5 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Railway Transportation 11  The other mode that affects tourism is railway transportation.  This type of transportation is considered the oldest one. In 19th century the railways were frequently used.  Currently in many countries the railways are used for transportation of loads.  The reason for this is tourist choice of air or automobile transportation.  But there exists such railroads that have been included to touristic packages.  For the example, we can give Orient Express railways. But nowadays application of technology and technological innovation gave birth to fast trains which compete with air and automobile transportation modes. www.cuidol.in Unit-3,4 & 5 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

12 The transportation modes are important in tourism as : • The transportation modes offer a wide range of Options for tourist in tourism • The passengers are attracted to sea and railway modes of transportation • New embarkation ports established in order to develop cruise travel have helped development of tourism • New fast train lines have made the travel easier • The distance from stations to stations have reduced in terms of time and journey made easier • New technologically advanced aircraft have increased the efficiency of air lines • The trained personnel have made tourism industry skillful . • The governments financial support for the development of transportation had led to the development in tourism www.cuidol.in Unit-3,4 & 5 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Challenges faced by Transportation  INDIA’s RAODS are congested and of poor quality. Lane1 3 capacity is low - most national highways are two lanes or less  A quarter of all India's highways are congested. Many roads are of poor quality and road maintenance remains under- funded - only around one-third of maintenance needs are met  This leads to the deterioration of roads and high transport costs for users and effecting tourism at destination  RURAL AREAs have poor access: Roads are significant for the development of the rural areas - home to almost 70 percent of India's population and for Rural Tourism  Although the rural road network is extensive, some 33 percent of India’s villages do not have access to all-weather roads and remain cut off during the monsoon season. The problem is more acute in India's northern and north-eastern states which are poorly linked to the country’s major economic centers. www.cuidol.in Unit-3,4 & 5 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Challenges faced by Transportation 14  The Railways are facing severe capacity constraints.  All the country’s high-density rail corridors face severe capacity constraints.  Also, freight transportation costs by rail are much higher than in most countries as freight tariffs in India have been kept high to subsidize passenger traffic.  PORTS are congested and inefficient.  Port traffic has more than doubled during the Past years  India's ports need to significantly ramp up their capacity and efficiency to meet this surging demand.  AIRPORT infrastructure is strained.  Air traffic has been growing rapidly leading to severe strain on infrastructure at major airports, especially in the Delhi and Mumbai airports which account for more than 40 percent of nation’s air traffic. www.cuidol.in Unit-3,4 & 5 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Challenges faced by Transportation 15  Road transport of the country is facing a number of problems. Some of these problems are discussed below:  Most of the Indian roads are unsurfaced (42.65%) and are not suitable for use of vehicular traffic. The poor maintenance of the roads aggravates the problem especially in the rainy season.  According to one estimate there is about per year loss of Rs. 200 crores on the wear and tear of the vehicles due to poor quality of roads.  Even the National Highways suffer from the deficiencies of inadequate capacity, weak pavement, poor riding quality, distressed bridges, unabridged level crossings, congested cities (lack of by-pass roads), lack of wayside amenities and safety measures.  . One major problem on the Indian roads is the mixing of traffic. Same road is used by high speed cars, trucks, two wheelers, tractors, animal driven carts, cyclists and even by animals. Even highways are not free from this malady. This increases traffic time, congestion and pollution and road accidents. www.cuidol.in Unit-3,4 & 5 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Challenges faced by Transportation 16  There are multiple check-posts, toll tax and octoroon duties collection points on the roads which bring down the speed of the traffic, waste time and cause irritation to transporters. Rate of road taxes vary from state to state and inter- state permits are difficult to obtain.  Way side amenities like repair shops, first aid centers, telephones, clean toilets, restaurants, rest places are lacking along the Indian roads. There is very little attention on road safety and traffic laws are willfully violated.  There is very little participation of private sector in road development in India because of long gestation period and low-returns. The legislative framework for private investment in roads is also not satisfactory. The road engineering and construction are yet to gear themselves up to meet the challenges of the future.  There has been no stability in policy relating to highway development in the country. It has changed with the change of government.  There are a number of agencies which look after the construction and maintenance of different types of roads. Since there is no co-ordination between these agencies their decisions are often conflicting and contradictory. www.cuidol.in Unit-3,4 & 5 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Global Village  Village is a term which implies - A small community where everyone 17 knows each other. Each person in the community helps one another All right are reserved with CU-IDOL to survive .So everyone is dependent on each other applies Global .Global is adjective form Globe which means The Universe World.  The term Global Village means -Connection of the all world together & Allowing every individual to know about the happening events, situations and living conditions of people in all countries There is no physical shrinkage in the size, It is smaller due to the advancement in communications technology like telephone & internet, transportation.  The Term was introduced in the book The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man in 1962 by Canadian professor & philosopher Marshall McLuhan. www.cuidol.in Unit-3,4 & 5 (BTT 102)

Role of transport in Global Village 18  .The transport industry was always an essential part of the economy, and a tool used by governments and social planners for economic development. This is even truer in a global economy, where economic possibilities are connected to the mobility of goods, information, and people.  There is a direct correlation between the quality and quantity of transport infrastructure and the level of economic development. Highly connected networks and high-density transport infrastructure can be linked to a high level of economic development. When transport systems are in good working condition, they provide social and economic opportunities, such as increased access to employment, markets, and investments. Unit-3,4 & 5 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL www.cuidol.in

.  Transportation can have three key impacts on economic development and tourism 19  Enablement: the physical capacity to transport goods and passengers is a basic enabler for economic activity. The more routes are available, and the lower their cost and efficiency, the more interactions become possible between economic bodies.  Operational: improvements in the time required for transport, reliability, and the likelihood of damages or losses have a direct impact on economic activity. Efficient utilization of existing transportation assets and smooth travel of passengers and freight from point to point eliminates economic friction and permit faster development.  Geographical: the development of transport options gives companies access to a wider market base, connecting them to a global economy of consumption, production, and distribution. Access to a varied base of inputs (parts, raw materials, energy and labor) and wider markets for more varied outputs (intermediate and finished goods) leads to increased productivity. www.cuidol.in Unit-3,4 & 5 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

SUMMARY  Tourism & Transport Sector : Transport has emerged as one of the more complex global economic sectors. It 2 0 forms the backbone of national & international commerce by acting as a mechanism for the movement of freight & people  Interrelationship : Transportation can turn into a separate tourist attraction element; cruising, Orient Express trains, boat trips along the river and etc. are the best examples to tourist attractions. The effective factors in choosing the transportation mode in tourism are given below • Time limit • Distance • Status • Comfort • Security www.cuidol.in Unit-3,4 & 5 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

SUMMARY 21  Challenges faced by Transport in Tourism : Roads are congested and of poor quality. Lane capacity is low - most national highways are two lanes or less. Most of the Indian roads are unsurfaced (42.65%) and are not suitable for use of vehicular traffic. The poor maintenance of the roads aggravates the problem especially in the rainy season.  Global Village :The Term was introduced in the book The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man in 1962 by Canadian professor & philosopher Marshall McLuhan.  The three key impacts on economic development and tourism of Global Village –Phenomena  Enablement  Operational  Geographical www.cuidol.in Unit-3,4 & 5 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONES 22 Q1. The National highways system is the responsibility of ? (a) State Governments (b) Central Government (c) A Special Roads Authority (d) State and Central Governments Q2 Which of the following is not the management category of roads in India? (a) National Highways (b) State Highways (c) Boarder Roads (d) District Highways Q3. Which organization constructs and manages the Border Road? (a) Boarder Road Development Road (b) NHAI (c) Central Government (d) State Government Q4. When Indian Railways was nationalized? (b) 1951 (a) 1950 (d) 1957 (c) 1952 Answer : Q1. (b),Q2. (d), Q3. (a), Q4. (a) www.cuidol.in Unit-3,4 & 5 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTION 23 Q1. Explain the importance of transportation in tourism ? Ans : Transportation has been an integral part of the tourism industry Transportation links tourists with various tourist attractions. There is a general agreement that tourism expands more when there are better transportation systems. For further detail Please refer to SLM. Q2. Write detail note on Global Village and role of transportation in its enhancement Ans : The term Global Village means -Connection of the all world together & Allowing every individual to know about the happening events, situations and living conditions of people in all countries There is no physical shrinkage in the size, It is smaller due to the advancement in communications technology like telephone & internet, transportation. For further detail Please refer to SLM. www.cuidol.in Unit-3,4 & 5 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

REFRENCES 24 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL Tourism: Operations and Management, 2009- S. Roday, Archana Biwal, Vandana Joshi- Oxford Publication Tourism: Principles and Practices, Oxford publication, Sampada Swain, Jitendra Mishra. Air Transportation - A Management Perspective,1984 -John G. Wensveen - 8th edition. Road Transportation, SM Trivedi - 2010 Benson, D. and Whitehead G. 1985, Transport and distribution, Longman, Harlow Page S. J, 1994, Transport and Tourism, 3rd edition, Routledge, London. International Tourism Management, A. K. Bhatiya, 2001, sterling publishers Pvt. Ltd. Introduction to Tourism and Hospitality Industry, Andrew S., 2007, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi. Tourism and Travel Management, Ghosh B, 2007, Vikas Publication House Pvt. Ltd. The Traveling Public and Tourism Promoters, Mark Twain. www.cuidol.in Unit-3,4 & 5 (BTT 102)

25 THANK YOU For queries Email: [email protected] www.cuidol.in Unit-3,4 & 5 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL