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BSc. TTM 2 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL Introduction to Tourism Industry Course Code: BTT 101 Semester: First SLM Units : 1&2 E-LESSON : 1 www.cuidol.in Unit-1 & 2 (BTT 101)

Introduction to Tourism Industry 33 OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION The course aims to understand and explore a variety In this unit we are going to learn about of tourism terminology and concepts. various terminology of tourism The Course Aims to understand the various Under this you will learn and understand the Components of Tourism Meaning and different concepts of Tourism The Course aims at developing a better Under this we are going to learn about understanding of Tourism as an industry tourism as industry www.cuidol.in Unit-1 & 2 (BTT 101) INASlTl ITriUgThEt OarFeDrIeSsTeArNvCeEd AwNitDh OCNUL-IIDNOE LLEARNING

TOPICS TO BE COVERED 4 > Introduction to Tourism > Components of Tourism > Tourism and its characteristics. > Tourism as an Industry > Tourism Terms :Leisure, Recreation, Tourism, Tourist, Traveler, Visitor, Excursionist. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 & 2 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Introduction to Tourism •Tourism is the leader in the production of new jobs. Tourism has developed an important part of the economic 5 foundation of many countries. Growth rate of services sector faster than any other. The Four different perspectives of tourism can be identified as Following : •The tourist: The tourist seeks various psychic and physical experience and satisfactions. The nature of these will largely determine the destinations chosen and the activities enjoyed. • The business providing tourist goods and services: Business people see tourism as an opportunity to make a profit by supplying the goods and services that the tourist markets demand. • The government of the host community or area: politicians view tourism as a wealth factor in the economy of their jurisdiction. Their perspective is related to the income their citizens can earn from this business. They also consider the foreign exchange receipts from international tourism as well as the tax receipts collected from tourist expenditures, either directly or indirectly. The government can lay an important role in tourism policy, development, promotion and implementation. • The host community: Local people usually see tourism as a cultural and employment factor. Of importance to this group, for example, is the effect of the interaction between large numbers of international visitors and residents. This effect may be beneficial or harmful, or both. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 & 2 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

6 Tourism as a Phenomena www.cuidol.in Unit-1 & 2 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Tourism can be divided by four category: 7 1.International tourism 2.Inbound tourism: Visits to a country by nonresidents 3 Outbound tourism 4 .Visit by residents of a country to another country Internal tourism : Visits by resident and non residents of the country of reference Domestic tourism : Visits by residents of a country to their own country National tourism : Internal tourism plus outbound tourist www.cuidol.in Unit-1 & 2 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

International Tourism 8 Inbound and Outbound Tourism www.cuidol.in Domestic Tourism All right are reserved with CU-IDOL Unit-1 & 2 (BTT 101)

Components of Tourism Components of Components of Components of Components of Tourism 9 Tourism Tourism Tourism Accessibility Accommodation Attraction Amenities ,Activities Air Railway Hotels Monuments All the different sight seeing areas and activities Sea performed in these areas Road Motels Museum Inn Zoo www.cuidol.in Guest Hotels Rivers Youth Hotels Beaches Resort Hotels Art Galleries Circuit Hotels Hill Stations Heritage Hotels Natural Attractions Farm Houses Man made lakes etc . Camping Sites Unit-1 & 2 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

1. Accessibility – Reachablitiy and 10 Transportation  Accessibility means reach ability to the place of destination through various means of transportation.  Transportation should be regular, comfortable, economical and safe  Today there are various means of transportation like airlines, railways, surface and water transportation  The transportation should be there for all kinds of tourists and destinations.  The different modes of Transportation are: Surface (Road and Railways ),Air ,Water Transportation . www.cuidol.in Unit-1 & 2 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Road Transportation 11  India is having second largest road network in the world.(33 Lakh km) Roads in India are divided into the following five categories: National Highways (NH) State Highways (SH) Major District Roads (MDR) Other District Roads (ODR) Village Roads (VR) National highways form only 2% of the total roads by length and carry about 40% of the traffic Out of total length of national highways: 27 % - single lane/intermediate lane 59 % - double-lane standard 14 % - four-lane/ six-lane/ eight lane standard www.cuidol.in Unit-1 & 2 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Railways  Indian Railways (reporting mark IR) is an Indian state owned enterprise, 1 2 owned and operated by the government of India through the Ministry of Railways. It is one of the world's largest railway networks comprising 115,000 km (71,000 mi) of track over a route of 65,000 km (40,000 mi) and 7,500 stations.  Railways were first introduced to India in 1853 from Bombay to Thane.  IR carries about 7,500 million passengers annually or more than 20 million passengers daily (more than a half of which are suburban passengers) and 2.8 million tons of freight daily.  In 2011-2012 Indian Railways earned 104,278.79 crore (US$19.71 billion) which consists of 69,675.97 crore (US$13.17 billion) from freight and 28,645.52 crore (US$5.41 billion) from passengers tickets www.cuidol.in Unit-1 & 2 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Airways  Air transport includes moving passengers, and their personal 1 3 belongings, from one location to another by plane. The cost of fuel, terrorist attacks and an economic recession are some, but not all, of the factors that have made the future of air transport uncertain.  There are different type of Air transportation  Commercial Airplanes.  Helicopters.  Private planes.  Blimps.  Gliders.  Hang gliders.  Zeppelin.  Parachute. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 & 2 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Commercial Air plane Helicopter 14 Private Jet www.cuidol.in Blimps Parachute Unit-1 & 2 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Waterways 15  It was a major means of transport in the ancient period.  It has large potential in India.  So efforts are made through planning for its development.  Waterways in India are quite developed.  During the past times, India was one of the seagoing countries.  Seamen used to sail far and wide , transporting Indian commerce and culture.  India was a primary shipbuilding country during the time of Napoleonic wars.  It was only during the British dominion that it lost its reputation.  India since independence, has been trying to retrieve their doomed position. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 & 2 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

2. Accommodation 16  It is a place where tourists can find food and shelter provided he/she is in a fit position to pay for it.  There are various types of accommodation from a seven star deluxe hotel to a normal budget class hotel  There are two type of ACCOMODATION: 1.Primary Accommodation 2.Secondary Accommodation Hotels , Resorts , Complexes , Heritage Hotels-Primary and Motels ,Youth Hostels, Holiday Centers ,Farm Houses , Sleeper Trains , Caravans are Secondary Accommodations. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 & 2 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

3.Amenities 17  The basic facilities provided in a tourist destination.  There are two types of Amenities : 1. Natural –(Beaches, Sea Bathing, Possibilities of Fishing,Opportunities of trekking 2. Man made Amenities-Various types of entertainment ,Facilities which cater special needs. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 & 2 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

4. Attraction 18  Attraction means anything that creates a desire in any person to travel in a specific tourist destination or attraction.  The locale may be used to include the holiday destination and what it offers to the tourist.  The holiday destination may offer natural attractions.  There are two types of Attractions :  Natural Attractions -Climates •Landscapes •Mountains •Beaches  Manmade Attractions •Theme parks •Museums •Ancient Monuments •Cultural Centers www.cuidol.in Unit-1 & 2 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

5. Activities 19  The various elements of tourism services available which offered to tourist at the destinations  Activities are classifies as :  Tourism resources  Receptive Facilities  Entertainment and Sport Facilities  Tourism Reception Facilities www.cuidol.in Unit-1 & 2 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Tourism and its characteristics 1.Intangibility :Cannot be touched, gripped, handled, seen, 20 smelled, tasted or heard before purchase. Unlike goods, which All right are reserved with CU-IDOL can be touched and inspected before purchase, tourism services are essentially intangible. However customers use other cues to help them evaluate the service: the appearance of the hotel entrance or the behavior of the receptionist 2. Perishability :Tourism service cannot be stored like tangible products. A hotel room or airplane seat that is not sold on a particular night/day can never be sold. Unused capacity cannot be stored for future use. For example, spare seats on one aero plane cannot be transferred to the next flight, and query-free times at the reference desk cannot be saved up until there is a busy period. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 & 2 (BTT 101)

Tourism and its characteristics 21 3. Heterogeneity (or variability): The extensive involvement of people in the production of a tourism service introduces a degree of variability in the outcome. There is a strong possibility that the same enquiry would be answered slightly differently by different people (or even by the same person at different times). The same employee may hence render services of varying standard, depending on his mood, the time of the day, the day of the week or the customer involved. 4. Seasonality of demand Most tourist destination areas are characterized by fluctuating periods of demand called ‘peaks’, ‘shoulders’ and ‘troughs' Peak – Time of the year during which demand is highest. Shoulder – An abbreviated season that falls between the peak and low troughs Troghs - off season, time of the year during which demand is very low. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 & 2 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

5. Interdependence \"Interdependence\" occurs because when tourists visit a destination their experience is made 22 up of several services, such as accommodation, transportation, and attractions. Even an individual tourist buys a whole set of products supplied by different firms – the attractions have no economic value without the necessary accommodation. 6. Fixed and Variable Costs Fixed costs are costs that are independent of the number of customers and must be paid anyhow, whereas variable costs are costs that are incurred as a function of the number of customers received at any given time. 7. Inseparability The tourism service consumer is inseparable from service delivery because he is involved in it from requesting it up to consuming the rendered benefits. Tourism service cannot be separated from its provider. The hotel guest cannot experience counter service if the receptionist is not available, nor can the receptionist render the service if there is no guest www.cuidol.in Unit-1 & 2 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Tourism as an Industry 23  The Indian tourism and hospitality industry has emerged as one of the key drivers of growth among the services sector in India.  Tourism in India has significant potential considering the rich cultural and historical heritage, variety in ecology, terrains and places of natural beauty spread across the country.  The World Travel & Tourism Council calculated that tourism generated ₹8.31 lakh crore (US$120 billion) or 6.3% of the nation's GDP in 2015 and supported 37.315 million jobs, 8.7% of its total employment.  The sector is predicted to grow at an average annual rate of 7.5% to ₹18.36 lakh crore (US$270 billion) by 2025 (7.2% of GDP).  The focus of the industries on the “Atithi Devo Bhavah”campaign, targeted at the inbound foreign tourists in the country. Translated literally this means “Guest is God”. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 & 2 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Tourism as an Industry 24 • India has been ranked the \"best country brand for value-for-money\" in the Country Brand Index (CBI) survey conducted by Future Brand, a leading global brand consultancy. • India also claimed the second place in CBI's \"best country brand for history\", as well as appears among the top 5 in the best country brand for authenticity and art & culture, and the fourth best new country for business. • India made it to the list of \"rising stars\" or the countries that are likely to become major tourist destinations in the next five years, led by the United Arab Emirates, China, and Vietnam. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 & 2 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

25 Tourism as an industry www.cuidol.in Unit-1 & 2 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Tourism Terms :Leisure, Recreation, 26 Tourism, Tourist, Traveler, Visitor, Excursionist.  Leisure –According to Cambridge Dictionary it is :  The time when you are not working or doing other duties .  leisure activities  Most people only have a limited amount of leisure time.  Leisure has often been defined as a quality of experience or as free time. Free time is time spent away from business, work, job hunting, domestic chores, and education, as well as necessary activities such as eating and sleeping.  leisure does not evolve from free time, and free-time is an illusory concept that is rarely fully \"free\"; economic and social forces appropriate free time from the individual and sell it back to them as the commodity known as \"leisure“ www.cuidol.in Unit-1 & 2 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Recreation 27  Recreation is anything that is stimulating and rejuvenating for an individual. Tourism  Tourism is defined by the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) as comprising 'the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes.” www.cuidol.in Unit-1 & 2 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Tourist 28  Tourist – Is a temporary visitor staying for a period of at least 24 hours in the country visited and the purpose of whose journey can be classified under one of the following heads:  Leisure (recreation, holiday, health, study, religion and sport)  Business, family, mission, meeting  In the sense of the word of the origin, tourist is a person who undertakes a circular trip. Characteristics of a Tourist  He takes up his journey of his own free will.  He takes up the journey primarily in search of enjoyment.  The money spent on the visit is the money derived from home, not money earned in the places of visit.  He finally returns to his original starting point. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 & 2 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Traveler 29  A traveler is \"any person traveling between two or more countries or between two or more locations within his/her country of usual residence\".  A visitor is a traveler but all travelers are not visitors. Types of travelers  There are two types of Traveler :1. Domestic traveler. 2. International traveler. 1. Domestic traveler: any person on trip within his or her own country of residence irrespective of the purpose of the travel and means of transport used, even though she/he may be traveling on foot. 2. International traveler: any person on trip outside his/her own country of residence irrespective of the purpose of the travel and means of transport used and even though he/she may be traveling on foot. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 & 2 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Visitor 30  Any person visiting a country other than that in which he has his usual place of residence for any reason other than being interested in an occupation remunerated from within the country visited. Types of Visitor Tourist and Excursionist  Excursionist-is a temporary visitor staying for a period of less than 24hours in the country visited (Including travelers on the cruises). (Cruise Passenger- he is a visitor who arrives in the country aboard cruise ships and who does not spend a night in an accommodation establishment in the country) www.cuidol.in Unit-1 & 2 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Same day visitor 31  A visitor who does not spend the night in the destination visited.  It can be classified under two categories. 1. International same-day visitor 2. Domestic same-day visitor www.cuidol.in Unit-1 & 2 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONES Q1. Visits by resident and non residents of the country of reference is called as 32 a) Internal Tourism b) International Tourism c) Domestic Tourism d) Intra Tourism Q2. Visits by residents of a country to their own country is called as a) Internal Tourism b) International Tourism c) Domestic Tourism d) Intra Tourism Q3. Internal tourism plus outbound tourism is called as : a)Internal Tourism b) International Tourism c)Domestic Tourism d) Intra Tourism Q4. Heterogeneity also refers to a)Variability b)Change c)Dynamics d) Variable Q5.“Atithi Devo Bhavah”campaign targets at the a)Inbound Tourists b)Outbound Tourists c)Domestic Tourists d) Intra Tourism www.cuidol.in Unit-1 & 2 (BTT 101) Answers: Q1. (a), Q2. (c), Q3. (b), Q4. (a), Q5. (a) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

SUMMARY 33 1. Tourism is the leader in the production of new jobs 2.The Four different perspectives of tourism are Tourist ,Business ,Government and the host Community 3.There are different mode of Transportation in tourism and each mode has its won significance 4.The different components of tourism are Accommodation ,Attractions, Accessibility ,Amenities and Activities 5.Tourism is the sum total of all these components compiles together 6.There are different Characteristics of Tourism such as Tangibility ,Perishibility ,Heterogeneity , Seasonality, Interdependence , Inseparability . 7.Tourism is also an amalgamation of different terms and Concepts . 8. India as tourist destination has been endowed with a treasure of beauty spots-natural as well as man-made could not boast of a healthy inflow of foreign tourists. 9.Tourism industry holds a great potential to flourish in India provided its cultural and historical legacy is properly taken care of. Therefore the ministry of tourism can analyze the strengths and weaknesses of Indian tourism industry and also explore the favorable opportunities coming its way and minimize the effects of the threats posed so that Indian tourism industry can be benefitted from it. As the unto highlights have also revealed in their study that there will be a shift in global trend of foreign tourist arrival from advanced economies to emerging economies and India being a part of the latter should therefore be ready enough to grab the fruits of this opportunity coming its way www.cuidol.in Unit-1 & 2 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 34 Q1 )What are the four different Perspectives of Tourism ? Ans: The four different Perspectives Are: 1. Tourist 2.Business providing Goods and Services in Tourism 3.Government 4.Host Community For further details refer to SLM Q2) Define tourist ? Ans: Is a temporary visitor staying for a period of at least 24 hours in the country visited and the purpose of whose journey can be classified depending on the various purposes. For further details refer to SLM www.cuidol.in Unit-1 & 2 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

REFRENCES 1.MORTH (www.morth.nic.in) 35 2.NHAI (www.nhai.org) 3.Press Information Bureau (www.pib.nic.in) 4.Planning Commission (www.planningcommission.nic.in) 5.National Rural Road Development Agency (www.pmgsy.nic.in) 6. Bombay Stock Exchange (www.bseindia.com) 7. http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploa ds/directorate/traffic_comm/Freight_Rate_2K12/RC12.PDF 8.Mill and Morrison.(2011).Tourism System. USA: Prentice Hall Publication. 9.Negi, Jagmohan.(1990).Tourism and Travel Concepts and Principles. Kolkata: Gitanjali Publishing House. 10.Kamra, K.K. and M. Chand.(2006).Basics of Tourism: Theory operation and practice. New Delhi:Kanishka Publication. 11.Bhatia, A.K.(1991).International Tourism.Ludhiana, Punjab: Kalyani Publications. 12.Seth, P.N.(1999).Successful Tourism Management (Vol 1 &2).New Delhi:Sterling Publishers. www.cuidol.in Unit-1 & 2 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

36 THANK YOU For queries Email: [email protected] www.cuidol.in Unit-1 & 2 (BTT 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL