3 Common Grammatical Errors-V2

Course On Campus to Corporate: Common Grammatical Error UNIT -3: COMMON GRAMMATICAL ERRORS Structure: 3.0 Learning Objectives 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Parts of Speech 3.3 Articles 3.4 Modal Verbs 3.5 Word Formation 3.6 Summary 3.0 Learning Objectives After studying this unit, you will be able to: ⚫ Learn basic grammar. ⚫ Learn the correct usage of grammar so as to avoid mistakes. 3.1 Introduction Grammar is the base for any great communication skills. One can communicate well, only when, he can frame the sentences well. Page 1 of 14 All Rights Reserved. Vol. TLE001/03-2022

Course On Campus to Corporate: Common Grammatical Error However, a great sentence formation can only happen, whenthe base is strong. Whether it is written or oral communication, grammar can be a great support inmaking impactful conversations or a great write-up. Thorough knowledge in grammar can help in enhancing the conversation skills and also make a lasting impression on the person spoken with or written to. 3.2 Parts of Speech Meaning: Parts of speech can be called as a “base or the home of all other important grammar”. Parts of speech is important because it helps in detecting the problems in a sentence or in the formation. The 8 major parts of speech are as follows: 1. Verb: Verb is usually action which is described in the sentence such as eat, drank, ran.Sometimes, the word is also described in the state of presence or in being like “eats” “has”“is”. Often, verb is related to the time of the action or when it is conducted. Any action specifically is a verb. E.g.: I eat three times a day. E.g.: I love to trek in the summer holidays. 2. Noun: Noun is actually termed for places, things, feelings and sometimes measures. Thereare various kinds of nouns which actually help in giving information in the sentence. It israther, a plane definition for a person, place or thing. In the examples Page 2 of 14 All Rights Reserved. Vol. TLE001/03-2022

Course On Campus to Corporate: Common Grammatical Error below, Mumbai is a place and hence a noun, Dog a living being and hence a noun. E.g.: Mumbai is the biggest city of India. E.g.: I love watching my dog playing with his toys 3. Pronoun: The support system for the noun words are known as pronouns. It is only becauseof the pronouns that the sentences don’t sound repetitive. Pronouns are used as a representation for a people, things or places. In any case, you cannot repeat one word or one name in one sentence more than once. Like, Sita is a girl, she is an artist. In this situation, Sita is the noun and she is the pronoun. E.g.: He is one of the people Ram looked up to. E.g.: They love to meet one another in the garden. 4. Adjective: The words or parts of sentences which give more information about a noun or rather uses descriptive words to describe a noun is known as Adjectives. Any kind of extra describing word, makes up for an adjective. Like, the shimmering sea engages its viewers,here, the sea is described with the word shimmering. E.g.: They live in a beautiful house. (Here, the house is described as beautiful.) E.g.: Minaz’s hair is gorgeous. (Here, the hair is described as gorgeous.) Page 3 of 14 All Rights Reserved. Vol. TLE001/03-2022

Course On Campus to Corporate: Common Grammatical Error 5. Adverb: Adverb usually provides more information to the verbs or in the sentence. This can be even one word or a describing information in the sentences. Usually, the adverb words end with the tail –ly. Like The doll is beautifully dressed. E.g.: He speaks politely. E.g.: He swims swiftly. 6. Preposition: Preposition usually represents the relationship between the objects in the sentences. Usually, the preposition words are on, in, under, above, of, before, after, above, across, though, inside, blue, etc. E.g.: Are you sure about your decision? E.g.: The book is in the cupboard. 7. Conjunction: Conjunction are connectives which joins two different sentences and make it into one. The two parts of the sentence are joined with joining words like- as, and, because,or, so etc. E.g.: I have to find a new college because I want to complete my degree. E.g.: Margaret was late for her job and she received a cut in her pay. Page 4 of 14 All Rights Reserved. Vol. TLE001/03-2022

Course On Campus to Corporate: Common Grammatical Error 8. Interjection: The sentences which usually end with an exclamation mark are interjections.The purpose of interjections is to create a sense of surprise and shock to the readers. Like, Oh! Darn! E.g.: Wow! Her dance is so full of expressions. E.g.: Voila! I won the lottery! Example: 1. Hurray! Spain won the world cup! Ans: Hurray! Interjection Spain – Noun Won – Verb Page 5 of 14 All Rights Reserved. Vol. TLE001/03-2022

Course On Campus to Corporate: Common Grammatical Error 2. My investments doubled last year and I bought a yacht. Yippie! Ans: and – Conjunction Bought – Verb Doubled – Adjective 3. I was not sure if I could take up the initiative. Ans: if – preposition 4. Lastly, she thanked her mother for her success. Ans: Lastly – Adverb 5. Seema is a dancer. She is also a singer. Ans: She – Pronoun Learning Activity: Identify and state the various parts of speech from the underlined words- 1. It is not possible to run fast without practice. 2. Her excellent vocabulary draws people close to her. 3. Damn! what is this world coming to. 4. I was confident that things will get better, if I get the post. 5. She was a teacher and a counsellor. 6. Rarely do we find beautiful people like you. 7. Mother has been cooking all day. Page 6 of 14 All Rights Reserved. Vol. TLE001/03-2022

Course On Campus to Corporate: Common Grammatical Error 8. Bali is a famous holiday destination in Indonesia. 9. She swims swiftly. 10. His father is an inspiration to him. 3.3 Articles Meaning An article, most of the time modifies the noun present in the sentence. An article improvises the sentences very well and also gives the clear idea on what article can be used before what kindsof word. There are two major types of articles. The first type of article is: Definite article and the second type is Indefinite article. Definite article comes before the word. The word “The” before a noun will become a definite article. Indefinite article comes before plural nouns. The words “an” will come before singulars and plurals starting with alphabets a, e, i, o and u. The word, “a” will come in all other plural nouns whichdo not start with the previously mentioned alphabets. In some exceptional cases, a sentence may not require articles at all. Example 1. I want an orange from that basket. The word apple starts from the specified list of alphabets which is Page 7 of 14 All Rights Reserved. Vol. TLE001/03-2022

Course On Campus to Corporate: Common Grammatical Error a singular object. Therefore, the article “an” can be used for orange. 2. The temple on the corner is progressive There are two “the” in one sentence, but only the first the will be considered since it is placed before a noun. Temple is a common noun. 3. I borrowed a pen from your stationary. Indefinite article “a” is mentioned as an article because it is placed before a singular noun pen and the initial alphabet of pen does not come under the specified list and therefore “an”will not be used. Page 8 of 14 All Rights Reserved. Vol. TLE001/03-2022

Course On Campus to Corporate: Common Grammatical Error Learning Activity: Identify the articles from the following sentences. Also, state whether the articles are definiteor indefinite. 1. The children love to play in groups. 2. The perspective of an individual is formed by the experiences he gains in his life. 3. Life is too short to hold a grudge. 4. The angels come to earth in the form of innocent animals. 5. An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 6. The way to Mr.Gomes' house is towards the left. 7. Ravi is an excellent orator. 8. Life is sometimes unfair with the poor. 9. The world needs to be more positive and more giving towards each other. 10. Omkar is a dedicated film maker. 3.4 Modal Verbs Meaning Modal verb usually indicates a possibility or a necessity with words like shall, must will, should, can, could, may, would and might. These words are usually present in the sentence which usually expresses Page 9 of 14 All Rights Reserved. Vol. TLE001/03-2022

Course On Campus to Corporate: Common Grammatical Error possibility or permission upon speaking or hearing. Examples Modal Meaning Example Can I can speak a little French. Can to express May ability Can I open your cupboard? May must to request I may be home late in the permission evening. May I sit down please? to express possibility I must get in touch with the teacher now. to request permission to express obligation Page 10 of 14 All Rights Reserved. Vol. TLE001/03-2022

Course On Campus to Corporate: Common Grammatical Error must to express She must be over 95 years of age. strong belief should You should stop over eating. would to give advice Would you like a cup of tea of coffee? would to request or If I were you, I would sincerely ask offer for forgiveness. in if-sentences Learning Activity: Fill in the blanks with a suitable modal auxiliary from the given options. 1. She have to seek permission from the authority. (May/Might) 2. You express your right on him. (Can/Could) 3. Gold be bought from a trusted jeweller. (Should/Shall) 4. You leave without wasting any second. (Must/May) 5. you like some water? (Will/Would) 6. You respect all living beings. (Must/May) 7. It will be great if you___pick me up. (Can/Could) 8. I be honoured to be able to help you. (Will/Would) 9. Mr. Soni’s wife be here any moment. (Will/Would) 10. The judge _ support the right. (Shall/Should) 3.5 Word Formation Meaning: Page 11 of 14 All Rights Reserved. Vol. TLE001/03-2022

Course On Campus to Corporate: Common Grammatical Error Word formation is basically a creation of a new word with few changes either in pronunciationor in spelling and sometimes, in the meaning itself. When two words are split and are joined togetherwith altogether a different word, it is known as word formation. When we add an affix or a tail to ageneral word, it together creates a new word, rather forms a word. Many may feel word formation,complicates the language, but in reality it only makes the sentence more meaningful and increasesthe worth. A blend of few alphabets of two different words can lead to word formation as well. For example, the word zebra is derived from a Portuguese word. In the 16th century, zebra was knownas “zebros” and since it has half body which looks like a wild ass, the name was changed to zebra. Examples: Verb Adjective Adverb Noun Attraction Attract Attractive Attractively Attention Attend Attentive Attentively Creation Create Creative Creatively Salutation Salute – – Addition Add Additional Additionally Page 12 of 14 All Rights Reserved. Vol. TLE001/03-2022

Course On Campus to Corporate: Common Grammatical Error Learning Activity: Fill the blanks: Noun Verb Adjective Adverb Donation Learn Introduce Conditional Morally Nature Intent Carelessly Vocational Preparation Develop 3.6 SUMMARY ⚫ Parts of speech include all the basic grammar topics like adverb, noun, verb, pronouns, interjections, prepositions, conjunctions and adjectives. These 8 parts are required at all levels of English grammar. Hence, knowledge on the sub-topics with their sub- types is highly recommended to be able to make a lasting impression; especially when using the grammar skills in practical life. ⚫ Articles comprise of two main types, viz., Definite article and Indefinite article. Definite article is represented by the word “the” and indefinite articles are represented by the words “a” and “an”. Articles can also be called as “the veins of the grammar”. Page 13 of 14 All Rights Reserved. Vol. TLE001/03-2022

Course On Campus to Corporate: Common Grammatical Error ⚫ Modal Verbs usually indicate the possibility which is reflected by the presence of words like may, might, could and can majorly. Although, there are exceptions, most parts of the modal verbs include a possibility or sometimes a permission. This tone is injected with theprobability of the modal words. ⚫ Word formation means creation of a new word with the noun forms, adjective forms, verbforms and adverb forms. This can be done by adding and removing some words. Page 14 of 14 All Rights Reserved. Vol. TLE001/03-2022