MCA_Sem-5_Mobile Application Development_U-1

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2 Unit 1:Android Android Platform Android Architecture Android Stack Dalvik Virtual Machine Android vs. other mobile platforms. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

3 Android is a complete set of software for mobile devices such as tablet computers, notebooks, smartphones, electronic book readers, set-top boxes etc. It contains a linux-based Operating System, middleware and key mobile applications. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

4 Android System Architecture www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

5 1) Linux kernel It is the heart of android architecture that exists at the root of android architecture. Linux kernel is responsible for device drivers, power management, memory management, device management and resource access. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

6 2) Native Libraries On the top of linux kernel, their are Native libraries such as WebKit, OpenGL, FreeType, SQLite, Media, C runtime library (libc) etc. The WebKit library is responsible for browser support, SQLite is for database, FreeType for font support, Media for playing and recording audio and video formats. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

7 3) Android Runtime In android runtime, there are core libraries and DVM (Dalvik Virtual Machine) which is responsible to run android application. DVM is like JVM but it is optimized for mobile devices. It consumes less memory and provides fast performance. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

8 4) Android Framework On the top of Native libraries and android runtime, there is android framework. Android framework includes Android API's such as UI (User Interface), telephony, resources, locations, Content Providers (data) and package managers. It provides a lot of classes and interfaces for android application development. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

9 5) Applications On the top of android framework, there are applications. All applications such as home, contact, settings, games, browsers are using android framework that uses android runtime and libraries. Android runtime and native libraries are using linux kernal. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

10 Android System Architecture Linux Kernel Android was created on the open source kernel of Linux. One main reason for choosing this kernel was that it provided proven core features on which to develop the Android operating system. The features of Linux kernel are: 1.Security: 2.The Linux kernel handles the security between the application and the system. 3.Memory Management: 4.It efficiently handles the memory management thereby providing the freedom to develop our apps. 5.Process Management: 6.It manages the process well, allocates resources to processes whenever they need them. 7.Network Stack: 8.It effectively handles the network communication. 9.Driver Model: 10.It ensures that the application works. Hardware manufacturers can build their drivers into the Linux build. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

11 Libraries: Running on the top of the kernel, the Android framework was developed with various features. It consists of various C/C++ core libraries with numerous of open source tools. Some of these are: 1.The Android runtime: 2.The Android runtime consist of core libraries of Java and ART(the Android RunTime). Older versions of Android (4.x and earlier) had Dalvik runtime. 3.Open GL(graphics library): 4.This cross-language, cross-platform application program interface (API) is used to produce 2D and 3D computer graphics. 5.WebKit: 6.This open source web browser engine provides all the functionality to display web content and to simplify page loading. 7.Media frameworks: 8.These libraries allow you to play and record audio and video. 9.Secure Socket Layer (SSL): 10.These libraries are there for Internet security. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

12 Application Framework The Android team has built on a known set proven libraries, built in the background, and all of it these is exposed through Android interfaces. These interfaces warp up all the various libraries and make them useful for the Developer. They don’t have to build any of the functionality provided by the android. Some of these interfaces include: 1.Activity Manager: 2.It manages the activity lifecycle and the activity stack. 3.Telephony Manager: 4.It provides access to telephony services as related subscriber information, such as phone numbers. 5.View System: 6.It builds the user interface by handling the views and layouts. 7.Location manager: 8.It finds the device’s geographic location. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Dalvik Virtual Unit-1(MAP-607) 13 Machine All right are reserved with CU-IDOL •The Dalvik Virtual Machine (DVM) is an android virtual machine optimized for mobile devices. It optimizes the virtual machine for memory, battery life and performance. •Dalvik is a name of a town in Iceland. The Dalvik VM was written by Dan Bornstein. •The Dex compiler converts the class files into the .dex file that run on the Dalvik VM. Multiple class files are converted into one dex file. www.cuidol.in

14 The javac tool compiles the java source file into the class file. The dx tool takes all the class files of your application and generates a single .dex file. It is a platform-specific tool. The Android Assets Packaging Tool (aapt) handles the packaging process. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Android versus IOS 15 •Android is the most extensively used smartphone platform in the world and it is used by different device manufacturers like LG, Samsung, HTC , etc.       iOS is used only on Apple devices like iPad, iTouch, Apple TV etc. •Android allows the use of widgets, which display the automatic updated information such as weather, e-mail.       iOS has a row of apps on the home screen. •Varieties of Android devices are available with differing sizes and hardware capabilities. User can choose any one of them according to his/her requirement and budget.       iOS is available only on Apple devices and they tend to be expensive. •Users can chat with non-android devices via GTalk.       iOS does’t provide the native chat application for non-apple users. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Android versus 16 Blackberry •A full touch screen experience can be enjoyed with Android. Different device manufacturers placed their own interface on top of basic android layer for e.g. Samsung has its TouchWiz, Motorola has MotoBlur, etc.      Most Blackberries don’t have touch interface except Storm and Torch when this article was written. •In case of customization of home screen, Android is a winner in market. It allows multiple home screens.      Blackberry is very poor in customization. There are no widgets. •Android is a touch based system and hence navigation is handled by swapping, tapping and pressing. They also have home screen, back key, etc., which varies from manufacturer to manufacturer.       Blackberry provides a track pad for navigation. Older Blackberries had trackball for navigation. •Android is a dedicated player in game apps and other cool to-do-things apps. Except Gmail, most  e-mails have to be checked periodically.       Blackberry is dedicated towards a strong communication network. Whenever a e-mail drops in inbox, user is notified. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Android versus Windows 17 •An Android device uses Android Operating System and it is an open source.      Windows phone uses Windows operating system which is a mix of open and closed system. •Android users are free to choose any app from market and developers don’t target a particular set of end user’s interest. Say, a Google Map can be used by a student or a farmer to know his/her location.       Windows target apps with end user in mind. •Android device boots itself within few seconds.        Windows phone must be fully booted in 30 seconds, otherwise the set spec shall not be met. •SD card of an android device is replaceable.        SD card can’t be replaced. With SkyDrive you can have cloud storage. •Android apps can register themselves and share data or supports inter-process communication.         Window’s phone allows every app to open in a sandbox so that other parts of operating system are left undisturbed. It increases security. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Textbooks / Reference Books 18 Textbooks / Reference Books TEXT BOOKS T1 Wei - Meng Le, “Beginning Android 4 Application Development”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2012. T2 Reto Meier, “Professional Android 4 Application Development”, John Wiley& Sons, Inc, 2012. REFERENCE BOOKS R1 Zigurd Mednieks, Laird Dornin, Blake Meike G, and Masumi Nakamura, programming Android”, O’Reily books, 2013. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

19 THANK YOU www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL