Cloud Basics F. Apps

UNIT - 8: Cloud Basics Structure: 8.0 Learning Objectives 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Cloud Concepts 8.3 Cloud Computing Models 8.4 What is Azure, AWS, GCP 8.5 Types of Clouds 8.6 Clouds in the market 8.7 Summary 8.8 Glossary 8.9 References 8.0 Learning Objectives: After studying this unit, you will be able to: • Define Cloud Computing. • Identify Cloud Computing Models. • Describe Azure, AWS, GCP. • List the Types of Clouds. • Explore Clouds in the market.

8.1 Introduction: The digital industry changes almost daily. Technology is growing and changing, and it can be tricky to keep on top of all the new developments and creations. And while cloud computing isn’t necessarily a new development, it’s only been in recent years that companies have started to turn to it. The impact that cloud computing has had on the data industry and end-users in general is difficult to overstate. Many aspects of everyday life have been altered and transformed by this innovative digital solution. From start-ups through to established businesses, cloud computing has helped optimise costs and increase offerings. This is because they no longer require extra hardware and software. But for many, the world of cloud computing remains oblique and confusing. We’ll give you an overview of cloud computing, and show how it can be used in all sorts of domains, from developers through to the world of cyber security. 8.2 Cloud Concepts: To put it very simply, cloud computing is the delivery of computing resources as a service. Moving to the cloud basically means that the resources are owned and managed by a third-party provider, instead of the end-user. This means that you don’t need to worry about hard drives, main-frames, or where any of this hardware and software is located. As far as you, the user, is concerned, it’s floating up there in a metaphorical ‘cloud’ which you’re able to access via the internet. This shift from software and hardware that was on-premises to a networked, remote resource has meant that companies no longer have to worry about investing in labour, expertise, or capital for the maintenance of these resources. It has spawned a plethora of cloud computing companies, including key players like AWS and Microsoft Azure. of cloud computing companies, including key players like AWS and Microsoft Azure.

Cloud Concepts Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software are located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user it's just somewhere up in the nebulous \"cloud\" that the Internet represents. Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of describing IT (information technology) \"outsourcing\"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your firewall. What makes cloud computing different? • It's managed: Most importantly, the service you use is provided by someone else and managed on your behalf. If you're using Google Documents, you don't have to worry about buying umpteen licenses for word-processing software or keeping them up-to-date. Nor do you have to worry about viruses that might affect your computer or about backing up the files you create. Google does all that for you. One basic principle of cloud computing is that you no longer need to worry how the service you're buying is provided: with Web-based services,

you simply concentrate on whatever your job is and leave the problem of providing dependable computing to someone else. • It's \"on-demand\": Cloud services are available on-demand and often bought on a \"pay-as-you go\" or subscription basis. So you typically buy cloud computing the same way you'd buy electricity, telephone services, or Internet access from a utility company. Sometimes cloud computing is free or paid-for in other ways (Hotmail is subsidized by advertising, for example). Just like electricity, you can buy as much or as little of a cloud computing service as you need from one day to the next. That's great if your needs vary unpredictably: it means you don't have to buy your own gigantic computer system and risk have it sitting there doing nothing. • It's public or private: Now we all have PCs on our desks, we're used to having complete control over our computer systems—and complete responsibility for them as well. Cloud computing changes all that. It comes in two basic flavors, public and private, which are the cloud equivalents of the Internet and Intranets. Web-based email and free services like the ones Google provides are the most familiar examples of public clouds. The world's biggest online retailer, Amazon, became the world's largest provider of public cloud computing in early 2006. When it found it was using only a fraction of its huge, global, computing power, it started renting out its spare capacity over the Net through a new entity called Amazon Web Services (AWS). Private cloud computing works in much the same way but you access the resources you use through secure network connections, much like an Intranet. Companies such as Amazon also let you use their publicly accessible cloud to make your own secure private cloud, known as a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC), using virtual private network (VPN) connections.

Advantages: • Lower upfront costs and reduced infrastructure costs. • Easy to grow your applications. • Scale up or down at short notice. • Only pay for what you use. • Everything managed under SLAs. Disadvantages • Higher ongoing operating costs. • Greater dependency on service providers. 8.3 Cloud Computing Models: There are the following three types of cloud service models - 1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). 2. Platform as a Service (PaaS). 3. Software as a Service (SaaS). Cloud Computing Models

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) IaaS is also known as Hardware as a Service (HaaS). It is a computing infrastructure managed over the internet. The main advantage of using IaaS is that it helps users to avoid the cost and complexity of purchasing and managing the physical servers. traditional hosting services, IT infrastructure was rented out for a specific period of time, with pre- determined hardware configuration. The client paid for the configuration and time, regardless of the actual use. With the help of the IaaS cloud computing platform layer, clients can dynamically scale the configuration to meet changing requirements and are billed only for the services actually used. IaaS cloud computing platform layer eliminates the need for every organization to maintain the IT infrastructure. IaaS is offered in three models: public, private, and hybrid cloud. The private cloud implies that the infrastructure resides at the customer-premise. In the case of public cloud, it is located at the cloud computing platform vendor's data center, and the hybrid cloud is a combination of the two in which the customer selects the best of both public cloud or private cloud. IaaS provider provides the following services - 1. Compute: Computing as a Service includes virtual central processing units and virtual main memory for the Vms that is provisioned to the end- users. 2. Storage: IaaS provider provides back-end storage for storing files. 3. Network: Network as a Service (NaaS) provides networking components such as routers, switches, and bridges for the Vms. 4. Load balancers: It provides load balancing capability at the infrastructure layer.

Iaas services Characteristics of IaaS There are the following characteristics of IaaS - • Resources are available as a service • Services are highly scalable • Dynamic and flexible • GUI and API-based access • Automated administrative tasks Example: Digital Ocean, Linode, Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, Google Compute Engine (GCE), Rackspace, and Cisco Metacloud. Iaas

Top Iaas Providers who are providing IaaS cloud computing platform Iaas Providers Platform as a Service |(PaaS) Platform as a Service (PaaS) provides a runtime environment. It allows programmers to easily create, test, run, and deploy web applications. You can purchase these applications from a cloud service provider on a pay- as-per use basis and access them using the Internet connection. In PaaS, back end scalability is managed by the cloud service provider, so end- users do not need to worry about managing the infrastructure. PaaS includes infrastructure (servers, storage, and networking) and platform (middleware, development tools, database management systems, business intelligence, and more) to support the web application life cycle. Example: Google App Engine, Force.com, Joyent, Azure. PaaS providers provide the Programming languages, Application frameworks, Databases, and Other tools:

Paas Services 1. Programming languages: PaaS providers provide various programming languages for the developers to develop the applications. Some popular programming languages provided by PaaS providers are Java, PHP, Ruby, Perl, and Go. 2. Application frameworks: PaaS providers provide application frameworks to easily understand the application development. Some popular application frameworks provided by PaaS providers are Node.js, Drupal, Joomla, WordPress, Spring, Play, Rack, and Zend. 3. Databases: PaaS providers provide various databases such as ClearDB, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, and Redis to communicate with the applications.

Popular PaaS Providers Paas Providers Software as a Service (SaaS) SaaS is also known as \"On-Demand Software\". It is a software distribution model in which services are hosted by a cloud service provider. These services are available to end-users over the internet so, the end-users do not need to install any software on their devices to access these services. There are the following services provided by SaaS providers - • Business Services - SaaS Provider provides various business services to start-up the business. The SaaS business services include ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), CRM (Customer Relationship Management), billing, and sales. • Document Management - SaaS document management is a software application offered by a third party (SaaS providers) to create, manage, and track electronic documents. Example: Slack, Samepage, Box, and Zoho Forms.

• Social Networks - As we all know, social networking sites are used by the general public, so social networking service providers use SaaS for their convenience and handle the general public's information. • Mail Services - To handle the unpredictable number of users and load on e-mail services, many e-mail providers offering their services using SaaS. Saas Services Popular SaaS Providers Saas Providers

Difference between IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS The below table shows the difference between IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS - IaaS Paas SaaS It provides a virtual It provides virtual It provides web data center to store platforms and tools to software and apps to complete information and create create, test, and deploy apps. business tasks. platforms for app development, testing, and deployment. It provides access to It provides runtime It provides software resources such as as a service to the virtual machines, environments and virtual storage, etc. endusers. deployment tools for applications. It is used by network It is used by It is used by end architects. developers. users. IaaS provides only PaaS provides SaaS provides Infrastructure. Infrastructure + Infrastructure + Platform +Software. Platform.

8.4 What Is Azure, AWS, GCP Azure :Azure is a cloud computing platform and an online portal that allows you to access and manage cloud services and resources provided by Microsoft. These services and resources include storing your data and transforming it, depending on your requirements. To get access to these resources and services, all you need to have is an active internet connection and the ability to connect to the Azure portal. Things that you should know about Azure: • It was launched on February 1, 2010, significantly later than its main competitor, AWS. • It’s free to start and follows a pay-per-use model, which means you pay only for the services you opt for. • Interestingly, 80 percent of the Fortune 500 companies use Azure services for their cloud computing needs. • Azure supports multiple programming languages, including Java, Node Js, and C#. Another benefit of Azure is the number of data centres it has around the world. There are 42 Azure data centres spread around the globe, which is the highest number of data centres for any cloud platform. Also, Azure is planning to get 12 more data centres, which will increase the number of data centres to 54, shortly. Various Azure Services Azure provides more than 200 services, are divided into 18 categories. These categories include computing, networking, storage, IoT, migration, mobile, analytics, containers, artificial intelligence, and other machine learning, integration, management tools, developer tools, security, databases, DevOps, media identity, and web services. Let’s take a look at some of the major Azure services by category: Compute Services • Virtual Machine-This service enables you to create a virtual machine in Windows, Linux or any other configuration in seconds.

• Cloud Service-This service lets you create scalable applications within the cloud. Once the application is deployed, everything, including provisioning, load balancing, and health monitoring, is taken care of by Azure. • Service Fabric-With service fabric, the process of developing a microservice is immensely simplified. Microservice is an application that contains other bundled smaller applications. • Functions-With functions, you can create applications in any programming language. The best part about this service is that you need not worry about hardware requirements while developing applications because Azure takes care of that. All you need to do is provide the code. Why Use Azure? Now that you know more about Azure and the services it provides, you might be interested in exploring the various uses of Azure. • Application development: You can create any web application in Azure. • Testing: After developing an application successfully on the platform, you can test it. • Application hosting: Once the testing is done, Azure can help you host the application. • Create virtual machines: You can create virtual machines in any configuration you want with the help of Azure. Integrate and sync features: Azure lets you integrate and sync virtual devices and directories. Collect and store metrics: Azure lets you collect and store metrics, which can help you find what works. Virtual hard drives: These are extensions of the virtual machines; they provide a huge amount of data storage.

AWS The full form of AWS is Amazon Web Services. It is a platform that offers flexible, reliable, scalable, easy-to-use and, cost-effective. AWS is a comprehensive, easy to use computing platform offered Amazon. The platform is developed with a combination of infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS) and packaged software as a service (SaaS) offering. History of AWS • 2002- AWS services launched • 2006- Launched its cloud products • 2012- Holds first customer event • 2015- Reveals revenues achieved of $4.6 billion • 2016- Surpassed $10 billon revenue target • 2016- Release snowball and snowmobile • 2019- Offers nearly 100 cloud services • 2021- AWS comprises over 200 products and services Important AWS Services Amazon Web Services offers a wide range of different business purpose global cloud-based products. The products include storage, databases, analytics, networking, mobile, development tools, enterprise applications, with a pay-as-you-go pricing model. Important AWS Services

AWS Compute Services Here, are Cloud Compute Services offered by Amazon: • EC2(Elastic Compute Cloud)-EC2 is a virtual machine in the cloud on which you have OS level control. You can run this cloud server whenever you want. • LightSail- This cloud computing tool automatically deploys and manages the computer, storage, and networking capabilities required to run your applications. • Elastic Beanstalk- The tool offers automated deployment and provisioning of resources like a highly scalable production website. • EKS (Elastic Container Service for Kubernetes)- The tool allows you to Kubernetes on Amazon cloud environment without installation. • AWS Lambda- This AWS service allows you to run functions in the cloud. The tool is a big cost saver for you as you to pay only when your functions execute. Migration Migration services used to transfer data physically between your data centre and AWS. • DMS (Database Migration Service)– DMS service can be used to migrate on-site databases to AWS. It helps you to migrate from one type of database to another for example, Oracle to MySQL. • SMS (Server Migration Service)– SMS migration services allows you to migrate on-site servers to AWS easily and quickly. • Snowball— Snowball is a small application which allows you to transfer terabytes of data inside and outside of AWS environment. Storage • Amazon Glacier- It is an extremely low-cost storage service. It offers secure and fast storage for data archiving and backup.

• Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS)- It provides block-level storage to use with Amazon EC2 instances. Amazon Elastic Block Store volumes are network attached and remain independent from the life of an instance. • AWS Storage Gateway- This AWS service is connecting on-premises software applications with cloud-based storage. It offers secure integration between the company’s on-premises and AWS’s storage infrastructure. Security Services • IAM (Identity and Access Management)— IAM is a secure cloud security service which helps you to manage users, assign policies, form groups to manage multiple users. • Inspector— It is an agent that you can install on your virtual machines, which reports any security vulnerabilities. • Certificate Manager— The service offers free SSL certificates for your domains that are managed by Route53. • WAF (Web Application Firewall)— WAF security service offers application-level protection and allows you to block SQL injection and helps you to block cross-site scripting attacks. • Cloud Directory— This service allows you to create flexible, cloud- native directories for managing hierarchies of data along multiple dimensions. • KMS (Key Management Service)— It is a managed service. This security service helps you to create and control the encryption keys which allows you to encrypt your data. • Organizations— You can create groups of AWS accounts using this service to manages security and automation settings. • Shield— Shield is managed DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service protection service). It offers safeguards against web applications running on AWS. • Macie— It offers a data visibility security service which helps classify and protect your sensitive critical content.

• Guard Duty— It offers threat detection to protect your AWS accounts and workloads. GCP -Google Cloud Platform Google Cloud Platform is a set of cloud computing services that Google offers, which runs on the same infrastructure that Google uses for its end- user products, such as YouTube, Gmail, and more. Google Cloud Platform offers a variety of services, including: • Compute • Network • Machine learning and AI • Big data processing Google Cloud Platform Components Several components and services are an important feature of Google Cloud Platform; let’s dive into each one individually and learn more about what they provide. 1. Compute-The compute service enables computing and hosting the cloud. The various services under this are as follows: • App Engine • Compute Engine • Kubernetes Engine • Cloud Functions • Cloud Run 2. Storage and Database-The storage and database service enables the application to store media files, backups, or other file-like objects. The services include: • Cloud Storage • Cloud SQL • Cloud Bigtable • Cloud Spanner • Cloud Datastore

3. Networking-The networking service enables us to load-balance traffic across resources, create DNS records, and much more. Some of the services include: • VPC • Cloud Load Balancing • Cloud Armor • Cloud CDN • Cloud Interconnect • Cloud DNS • Network Service Tiers 4. Big Data -The big data service enables us to process and query big data in the cloud. A few of the included services are the following: • Big Query • Cloud Dataproc • Cloud Datalab • Cloud Data Studio 5. Developer Tools-The developer tools service includes tools that enable software and application development. • Artifact Registry (beta) • Cloud SDK • Cloud Code • Cloud Build • Cloud Scheduler • Cloud Tasks 6. Identity and Security-This service deals with security and authentication: • Cloud Identity • Cloud IAM • Cloud Data Loss Prevention API • Security Key Enforcement

7. Internet of Things (IoT)-You can leverage GCP to create IoT environments with the following tools: • Cloud IoT Core • Edge TPU • Cloud IoT 8. Cloud AI-Cloud AI comprises services related to machine learning, which also encompasses: • Cloud Auto ML • Cloud Natural Language • Cloud Speech-to-Text • Cloud Text-to-Speech • Cloud Translation API • Cloud Vision API • Cloud Video Intelligence 9. Management Tools This domain includes services related to management and monitoring. The services under this are as follows: • Cloud Deployment Manager • Cloud Console • Cloud Shell • Cloud APIs 10. API Platform-The few services under this are as follows: • Maps Platform • Developer Portal • API Analytics • Apigee Sense • Cloud Endpoints

Difference between AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud Platform: Parameter AWS Azure Google Cloud Platform App Testing It uses device It uses DevTest It uses Cloud farm labs Test labs. API Management Amazon API Azure API Cloud gateway endpoints. gateway Kubernetes EKS Kubernetes Kubernetes Management service engine Git Repositories AWS source Azure source Cloud source repositories repositories repositories. Data warehouse Redshift SQL warehouse Big Query Object Storage S3 Block Blobs and Google cloud files storage. Relational DB RDS Relational DBs Google Cloud Page Blobs SQL Block Storage EBS Persistent disks Marketplace AWS Azure G suite File Storage Azure Files Media Services EFS ZFS and Avere Azure media Virtual network Amazon services Cloud video Elastic intelligence transcoder VNet API VPC Subnet Pricing Per hour Per minute Per minute

Maximum 128 128 96 processors in VM Maximum memory 3904 3800 1433 in VM (GiB) Catching Elastic Cache Redis Cache Cloud CDN Load Balancing Elastic Load Load Balancer Cloud Load Application Balancing Configuration Balancing Gateway Global Content CloudFront Content Delivery Cloud Delivery Networks Network Interconnect Marketplace AWS Azure G suite File Storage Azure Files Media Services EFS ZFS and Avere Azure media Virtual network Amazon services Cloud video Elastic intelligence transcoder VNet API VPC Subnet Pricing Per hour Per minute Per minute 128 96 Maximum 128 1433 processors in VM Cloud CDN Maximum memory 3904 3800 Cloud Load in VM (GiB) Balancing Catching Elastic Cache Redis Cache Load Balancing Elastic Load Load Balancer Application Configuration Balancing Gateway

Global Content CloudFront Content Delivery Cloud Delivery Networks Network Interconnect 8.5 Types of Clouds Cloud computing is Internet-based computing in which a shared pool of resources is available over broad network access, these resources can be provisioned or released with minimum management efforts and service provider interaction. Types of Cloud • Public cloud • Private cloud • Hybrid cloud • Community cloud Public Cloud-Public clouds are managed by third parties who provide cloud services over the internet to the public, these services are available as pay-as-you-go billing models. They offer solutions for minimizing IT infrastructure costs and become a good option for handling peak loads on the local infrastructure. Public clouds are the go-to option for small enterprises, which are able to start their businesses without large upfront investments by completely relying on public infrastructure for their IT needs. The fundamental characteristics of public clouds are multitenancy. A public cloud is meant to serve multiple users, not a single customer. A user requires a virtual computing environment that is separated, and most likely isolated, from other users.

Public cloud Private Cloud- Private clouds are distributed systems that work on private infrastructure and provide the users with dynamic provisioning of computing resources. Instead of a pay-as-you-go model in private clouds, there could be other schemes that manage the usage of the cloud and proportionally billing of the different departments or sections of an enterprise. Private Cloud Advantages of using a private cloud are: • Customer information protection: In the private cloud security concerns are less since customer data and other sensitive information do not flow out of private infrastructure.

• Infrastructure ensuring SLAs: Private cloud provides specific operations such as appropriate clustering, data replication, system monitoring, and maintenance, and disaster recovery, and other uptime services. • Compliance with standard procedures and operations: Specific procedures have to be put in place when deploying and executing applications according to third party compliance standards. This is not possible in the case of the public cloud. Hybrid cloud: A hybrid cloud is a heterogeneous distributed system formed by combining facilities of public cloud and private cloud. For this reason, they are also called heterogeneous clouds. A major drawback of private deployments is the inability to scale on-demand and efficiently address peak loads. Here public clouds are needed. Hence, a hybrid cloud takes advantage of both public and private clouds. Hybrid cloud Community cloud: Community clouds are distributed systems created by integrating the services of different clouds to address the specific needs of an industry, a community, or a business sector. In the community cloud, the infrastructure is shared between organizations that have shared concerns or tasks. The cloud may be managed by an organization or a third party.

Community cloud Sectors that use community clouds are: • Media industry: Media companies are looking for quick, simple, low- cost ways for increasing the efficiency of content generation. Most media productions involve an extended ecosystem of partners. In particular, the creation of digital content is the outcome of a collaborative process that includes the movement of large data, massive compute-intensive rendering tasks, and complex workflow executions. • Healthcare industry: In the healthcare industry community clouds are used to share information and knowledge on the global level with sensitive data in the private infrastructure. • Energy and core industry: In these sectors, the community cloud is used to cluster a set of solution which collectively addresses management, deployment, and orchestration of services and operations. • Scientific research: In this organization with common interests in science share a large distributed infrastructure for scientific computing.

Sectors used in Community clouds 8.6 Clouds in The Market Three Cloud Providers Cloud Providers Azure is a public cloud computing platform—with solutions including Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS) that can be used for services such as analytics, virtual computing, storage, networking, and much more. AWS (Amazon Web Services) is a comprehensive, evolving cloud computing platform provided by Amazon that includes a mixture of infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS) and packaged software as a service (SaaS) offering. Google Cloud Platform is a suite of public cloud computing services offered by Google. The platform includes a range of hosted services for compute, storage and application development that run on Google hardware.

8.7 Summary • Cloud computing is the delivery of different services through the Internet, including data storage, servers, databases, networking, and software. • Computing is a technology that uses the internet for storing and managing data on remote servers and then access data via the internet. • Cloud computing one of the examples is Google cloud. • Cloud computing used for data backup, disaster recovery, email, virtual desktops, software development and testing, big data analytics, and customer-facing web applications. 8.8 Glossary • Cloud Computing: A type of computing in which shared computing resources, software, or data are delivered as an on-demand service through the internet. • Cloud Types: There are three types of clouds: private, public, and hybrid. • Cloud Service Provider (CSP) Lock-in: The ease (or lack thereof) of moving data between providers or services. • Hybrid Cloud: A cloud computing environment that uses a mix of on- premises private cloud and public cloud services with orchestration between the two platforms. 8.9 References • https://www.javatpoint.com/cloud-service-models • https://aws.amazon.com/what-is-cloud-computing/ • https://www.scality.com/solved/the-history-of-cloud-computing/ • https://www.livemint.com/technology/tech-news/india-is-a-key- growth-marketfor-google-cloud-bikram-singh-bedi- 11645466115411.html