E-LESSON-4 , 5

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BSc.TTM 2 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL Tourism Resources of India Course Code: BTT103 Semester: First SLM Units : 4&5 E-LESSON : 2 www.cuidol.in Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103)

Classification of Tourism Product 33 OBJECTIVES CLASSIFICATION OF TOURISM The course aims to provide basic knowledge of PRODUCT different tourism products of India. In this unit we are going to learn about Heritage and Pilgrimage Tourism. To Equip the student with the understanding of Art and Architecture. domestic destinations. To enrich student with knowledge of diversified Historical Monuments. tourism resources and products www.cuidol.in Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103) INASlTl ITriUgThEt OarFeDrIeSsTeArNvCeEd AwNitDh OCNUL-IIDNOE LLEARNING

TOPICS TO BE COVERED 4 > Introduction of Heritage Tourism > Pilgrimage Tourism > Art and Architecture in India > Historical Monuments in India www.cuidol.in Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Heritage Tourism 5  Heritage is a word with many meanings, most relating to its general interpretation as “that which is inherited from What is Heritage? the past” The term ‘heritage’ has been used in relation to the natural world, referring to mountains and rivers, to buildings and monuments, the arts, and to social customs and traditions. www.cuidol.in Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Heritage Tourism - India 6  India has always been famous for its rich heritage and ancient culture. So the onset of heritage tourism in India was long anticipated. India’s glorious past and cultural diversity make a potent blend which attracts millions of tourists each year to its heritage tourist attractions. The government of India and the Ministry of Tourism and Culture encourage heritage tourism in India by offering several benefits to the Indian states that are particularly famous for attracting tourists. www.cuidol.in Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Heritage Tourism - India 7  The most popular heritage tourism destinations in India are:  Taj Mahal in Agra Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL  Mandawa castle in Rajasthan  Mahabalipuram in Tamil Nadu  Madurai in Tamil Nadu  Lucknow in Uttar Pradesh  Delhi, the Indian capital www.cuidol.in

Pilgrimage Tourism 8 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL  A pilgrimage is a journey, often into an unknown or foreign place, where a person goes in search of new or expanded meaning about the self, others, nature, or a higher good, through the experience. It can lead to a personal transformation, after which the pilgrim returns to their daily life.  Pilgrimages frequently involve a journey or search of moral or spiritual significance. Typically, it is a journey to a shrine or other location of importance to a person's beliefs and faith, although sometimes it can be a metaphorical journey into someone's own beliefs. www.cuidol.in Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103)

Pilgrimage Tourism 9  A pilgrimage is a journey, often into an unknown or foreign place, where a person goes in search of new or expanded meaning about the self, others, nature, or a higher good, through the experience. It can lead to a personal transformation, after which the pilgrim returns to their daily life.  Pilgrimages frequently involve a journey or search of moral or spiritual significance. Typically, it is a journey to a shrine or other location of importance to a person's beliefs and faith, although sometimes it can be a metaphorical journey into someone's own beliefs. www.cuidol.in Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Pilgrimage Tourism 10  Among the reasons for the pilgrimage are the following:  The desire to be healed of mental and physical ailments;  To pray for the family and friends;  To fulfill the God-pleasing work; www.cuidol.in Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Pilgrimage Tours in India 11  Chardham Yatra Destination: Dehradun - Yamunotri - Gangotri - Kedarnath - Badrinath – Dehradun  Amarnath Yatra Destination: Srinagar - Baltal - Panjtarni - Amarnath Cave – Srinagar  Jyotirlinga Darshan Destination: Pune - Bhimashankar - Shirdi - Shani Shingnapur- Grishneshwar-Trimbakeshwar- Nasik - Mumbai - Porbandar - Somnath – Porbandar - Dwarka - Porbandar - Mumbai - Indore - Ujjain - Mahakaleshwar - Omkarshwar - Indore Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL www.cuidol.in

Pilgrimage Tours in India 12  Mata Vaishno Devi Destination: Jammu – Katra – Jammu  Devi Darshan Delhi - Chandigarh - Mansa - Kangra - Dharamshala - Katra - Amritsar – Delhi.  Tamil Nadu Temple Chennai - Mahabalipuram - Pondicherry - Thanjavur - Trichy - Madurai – Chennai.  Mathura Vrindavan Agra Tour Package Delhi - Mathura - Vrindavan – Agra  Har Ki Dun Trek Delhi - Dehradun - Mussoorie - Sankri - Taluka - Osla - Har-ki-Dun - Debshu Bugyal - Ruinsara Tal - Osla - Taluka - Sankri - Dehradun - Delhi www.cuidol.in Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Pilgrimage Tours in India 13  Gangotri Gaumukh Tapovan Trek Delhi - Rishikesh - Uttarkashi - Gangotri - Bhojbasa - Gomukh - Tapovan - Bhojbasa - Gangotri - Uttarkashi - Rishikesh – Delhi  Panj Takht Express Delhi - Amritsar - Fatehpur Sahib - Anandpur Sahib - Delhi - Patna - Nanded - Delhi – Amritsar.  Mahaparinirvana Express Delhi – Gaya – Bodhgaya – Nalanda - Rajgir – Gaya – Varanasi – Sarnath – Gorakhpur – Kushinagar – Lumbini – Gorakhpur – Gonda – Sravasti – Gonda – Agra – Delhi www.cuidol.in Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Pilgrimage Tours in India 14  Badrinath Yatra Delhi - Haridwar - Rudraprayag - Badrinath - Rishikesh - Haridwar – Delhi  Buddhist Pilgrimage Tour Delhi – Jaipur – Agra – Varanasi – Bodhgaya – Lumbini - Rajgir – Kushinagar – Sravasti - Dharamshala – Delhi.  Narmada Parikrama Package Ujjain - Omkareshwar - Khargone - Shahada - Ankleshwar - Meethitalai - Jhabua - Mandu - Bhopal - Rajmarg - Jabalpur - Umaria - Amarkantak - Dindori - Lakhnadon - Piparya - Khandwa - Omkareshwar - Maheshwar www.cuidol.in Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Pilgrimage Tours in India 15  Badrinath Yatra Delhi - Haridwar - Rudraprayag - Badrinath - Rishikesh - Haridwar – Delhi  Buddhist Pilgrimage Tour Delhi – Jaipur – Agra – Varanasi – Bodhgaya – Lumbini - Rajgir – Kushinagar – Sravasti - Dharamshala – Delhi.  Narmada Parikrama Package Ujjain - Omkareshwar - Khargone - Shahada - Ankleshwar - Meethitalai - Jhabua - Mandu - Bhopal - Rajmarg - Jabalpur - Umaria - Amarkantak - Dindori - Lakhnadon - Piparya - Khandwa - Omkareshwar - Maheshwar www.cuidol.in Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Art and Craft 16 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL  Indian arts and handicrafts have, since time immemorial, captivated the imagination of people globally.  Every state, in India boasts of an exclusivity and specialty, depending upon its historical influences, traditional skills and raw material.  India is world renowned for its dexterity in paintings, exquisite embroidery, beautiful sculptures in stone, metal, wood, temple carvings and elegantly designed jewellery. www.cuidol.in Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103)

Art and Craft 17  Cave Paintings The artists applied mud plaster in two coats on the rocks. The first coat was used to fill in the pores of the rough rock, followed by a coat of lime plaster. The pigment for the paints were from local volcanic rocks with the exception of the lamp black.  AJANTA PAINTINGS In these paintings human emotions and characters are depicted with great understanding and skill. www.cuidol.in Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Art and Craft 18 • MADHUBANI PAINTINGS A folk art, Madhubani paintings are done by women living near the market town of Madhubani in Bihar. It portrays some of the major Gods and Goddesses of the Hindu Pantheon and domesticated and wild animals. www.cuidol.in Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103) • SHEKHAVATI- INDIA'S OPEN AIR ART GALLERY Shekhavati in the north east Rajasthan that once fell on the spice route of merchants, is an open air treasure. All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Art and Craft 19  CRAFTS TRADITION  Indian Handicrafts have made a name for themselves the world over.  Ancient skills have been perfected by crafts man who have learnt the trade from their fathers, as did their fathers before them.  Metal Work  The use of metals symbolized man's understanding of his mortality and his innate desire to leave for posterity, his creations, which would withstand the vagaries of time. www.cuidol.in Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Art and Craft 20  Jewellery Style From ancient times, jewellery in India has not been mere ornamental or decorative items, but has gained the status of providing proof of various stages of person's life.  Carpet and Textile of India The peacock motif of Lucknow, the chinar leaf of Kashmir, the Royal scenes of Kanchipuram and the checks and stripes of Maharashtra, all add to make a collage rich and vibrant in colour, designs and fabric. www.cuidol.in Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Art and Craft 21  Wood work  The tradition of wood carving has existed in India from ancient times. The early wood carved temples bear witness to the craft.  Stone Carving  The art of stone carving developed in India, a little later than wood carving.  The craftsman's mastery over stone is best discovered in the architecture and sculptures found in Khajuraho temples. www.cuidol.in Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Architecture 22  Colonial Architecture  Like all other aspects, colonization of Indian also had an impact on architecture style. With colonization, a new chapter in Indian architecture began. The Dutch, Portuguese and the French made their presence felt through their buildings but it was the English who had a lasting impact on architecture.  Indo Islamic Architecture  The medieval period saw great developments in the field of architecture. With the coming of Muslims to India, many new features came to be introduced in buildings. The development of Muslim Style of Architecture of this period can be called the Indo-Islamic Architecture or the Indian Architecture influenced by Islamic Art. www.cuidol.in Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Architecture 23  Ancient Architecture  Indian architecture is as old as the history of the civilization. The earliest remains of recognizable building activity in the India dates back to the Indus Valley cities. Among India's ancient architectural remains, the most characteristic are the temples, Chaityas, Viharas, Stupas and other religious structures.  Cave Architecture  The cave architecture in India is believed to have begun in the third century BC. These caves were used by Buddhist and Jain monks as places of worship and residence. Initially the caves were excavated in the western India. Some examples of this type of cave structure are Chaityas and Viharas of Buddhists. www.cuidol.in Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Architecture 24  Rock Cut Architecture  The Rock-cut structures present the most spectacular piece of ancient Indian art specimen. Most of the rock-cut structures were related to various religious communities. In the beginning, remarkable Buddhist and Jain monuments were produced in areas such as Bihar in the east and Maharashtra in the west.  Temple Architecture  In ancient India, temple architecture of high standard developed in almost all regions. The distinct architectural style of temple construction in different parts was a result of geographical, climatic, ethnic, racial, historical and linguistic diversities www.cuidol.in Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Architecture 25  Hindu Architecture  There are many beautiful Hindu monuments such as Halebid, Gharapuri etc.  Entrance(vihara), alter and garbh gruha are the main sections of a temple.  Intricate carvings and pillars containing decorative tendrils and robes are noticeable features of Hindu architecture.  Jain Architecture  One of the famous Jain architectures is the Delwara temple situated o mount Abu, Rajasthan.  The temple dates back to 11th and 12th century A.D.  Delwara temples are a composite cluster of 5 temples. www.cuidol.in Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Architecture 26 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL • BUDDHIST Architecture Most significant Buddhist architecture, is the “Sanchi stup”, located in Madhya Pradesh, Sanchi. The monument dates back to 3rd century BC to 12th century AD. This was originally built by Mauryan Emperor, Ashoka. • ISLAMIC Architecture The first Islamic architecture in India is the Qutub complex, built by Qutubud-din Aibak, in 1192AD. Whereas, the last Islamic architectural wonder is the Tajmahal, by Shahajahan. • BRITISH ARCHITECTURE The culminating masterpieces of the series, increasingly hybrid in style, are Frederick Stevens’ works, especially Victoria Terminus (1878-87), the headquarters of the Great Indian Peninsular Railway. www.cuidol.in Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103)

HISTORICAL MONUMENTS IN INDIA 27  Taj Mahal  The Taj Mahal is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the south bank of the Yamuna river in the Indian city of Agra. It was commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan to house the tomb of his favourite wife, Mumtaz Mahal; it also houses the tomb of Shah Jahan himself.Railway.  Qutab Minar  The Qutb Minar, also spelled as Qutub Minar, is a minaret and \"victory tower\" that forms part of the Qutb complex, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Mehrauli area of Delhi, India. www.cuidol.in Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

HISTORICAL MONUMENTS IN INDIA 28  Charminar  The Charminar, constructed in 1591, is a monument and mosque located in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. The landmark has become known globally as a symbol of Hyderabad and is listed among the most recognized structures in India.  Gateway of India  The Gateway of India is an arch-monument built in the early twentieth century in the city of Mumbai, in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It was erected to commemorate the landing in December 1911 at Apollo Bunder, Mumbai of King-Emperor George V and Queen-Empress Mary, the first British monarch to visit India. www.cuidol.in Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

HISTORICAL MONUMENTS IN INDIA 29  India Gate  The India Gate is a war memorial located astride the Rajpath, on the eastern edge of the \"ceremonial axis\" of New Delhi, formerly called Kingsway.  Konark Sun Temple  Konark Sun Temple is a 13th-century CE Sun temple at Konark about 35 kilometres northeast from Puri on the coastline of Odisha, India. The temple is attributed to king Narasinga Deva I of the Eastern Ganga Dynasty about 1250 CE Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL www.cuidol.in

HISTORICAL MONUMENTS IN INDIA 30  Gol Gumbaz  Gol Gumbaz at Bijapur is the mausoleum of king Muhammad Adil Shah, Adil Shah Dynasty. Construction of the tomb, located in Vijayapura, Karnataka, India, was started in 1626 and completed in 1656.  Ajanta Caves  The Ajanta Caves are 30 rock-cut Buddhist cave monuments which date from the 2nd century BCE to about 480 CE in Aurangabad district of Maharashtra state of India. www.cuidol.in Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

HISTORICAL MONUMENTS IN INDIA 31  Iron Pillar  The iron pillar of Delhi is a structure 23 feet 8 inches high with 16 inches diameter that was constructed by a \"King Chandra\", probably Chandragupta II, and now stands in the Qutab complex at Mehrauli in Delhi, India.  Monuments of Mahabalipuram  The Group of Monuments at Mamallapuram is a collection of 7th- and 8th-century CE religious monuments in the coastal resort town of Mamallapuram, Tamil Nadu, India and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. www.cuidol.in Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

HISTORICAL MONUMENTS IN INDIA 32  Bibi Ka Maqbara  The Bibi Ka Maqbara is a tomb located in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. It was commissioned in 1660 by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in the memory of his first and chief wife Dilras Banu Begum and is considered to be a symbol of Aurangzeb's 'conjugal fidelity’.  Amar Jawan Jyoti  Amar Jawan Jyoti is an Indian memorial constructed after the Indo- Pakistani War of 1971 to commemorate the martyred and unknown soldiers of the Indian Armed Forces who died during the war. The memorial was constructed in December 1971 and inaugurated by Indira Gandhi in 1972. www.cuidol.in Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

HISTORICAL MONUMENTS IN INDIA 33  Vivekananda Rock Memorial  Vivekananda Rock Memorial is a popular tourist monument in Vavathurai, Kanyakumari, India. It was built in 1970 in honour of Swami Vivekananda who is said to have attained enlightenment on the rock.  Pavgadh site  Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is located in Panchmahal district in Gujarat, India. It is located around the historical city of Champaner, a city which was founded by Vanraj Chavda, the most prominent king of the Chavda Dynasty, in the 8th century.. www.cuidol.in Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

HISTORICAL MONUMENTS IN INDIA 34  Safdarjung’s Tomb  Safdarjung's Tomb is a sandstone and marble mausoleum in Delhi, India. It was built in 1754 in the late Mughal Empire style for Nawab Safdarjung. The monument has an ambience of spaciousness and an imposing presence with its domed and arched red brown and white colored structures.  Chhota Imambara  Chota Imambara, also known as Imambara Hussainabad Mubarak is an imposing monument located in the city of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. www.cuidol.in Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

HISTORICAL MONUMENTS IN INDIA 35  Statue of Unity  The Statue of Unity is a colossal statue of Indian statesman and independence activist Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, who was the first Deputy Prime Minister and Home minister of independent India and the chief adherent of Mahatma Gandhi during the non-violent Indian Independence movement. Wikipedia.  Qutab Shahi Tomb  The Qutb Shahi Tombs are located in the Ibrahim Bagh, close to the famous Golconda Fort in Hyderabad, India. They contain the tombs and mosques built by the various kings of the Qutb Shahi dynasty. www.cuidol.in Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

HISTORICAL MONUMENTS IN INDIA  Golden Temple 36  The Golden Temple, also known as Harmandir Sahib, meaning \"abode of God\" or Darbār Sahib, meaning \"exalted court\", is a Gurdwara located in the city of Amritsar, Punjab, India. It is the holiest Gurdwara and the most important pilgrimage site of Sikhism.  Mallikarjuna Temple  Sri Bhramaramba Mallikarjuna Temple or Srisailam Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to the deities Shiva and Parvati, located at Srisailam in Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. www.cuidol.in Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Q1. Which one of the following is Buddhist Pilgrimage site in India? 37 a) Sanchi b) Ajmer Sharif c) Gangotri d) Tirupati Q2. Which of the painting is famous in Bihar? a) Kangra painting b) Bhimbetaka c) Madhubani d) Cave Paintings Q3. Which one of the following is British Architecture ? a) Qutab Minar b) Taj Mahal c) Agra Fort d) Victoria Terminus Q4. Which one of the following is not in Delhi? a) Taj Mahal b) Humanyun’s Tomb c) Safdarjang Tomb d) Qutab Minar Q5. Which one of the following is in Madhya Pradesh? d) Kanchipuram a) Khajuraho Temples b) Tiruchirappalli c) Sundarbans Answer: Q1.(a), Q2. (c), Q3. (d), Q4. (a), Q5. (a) www.cuidol.in Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

SUMMARY • India’s very earliest towns were built in the Indus valley, where one of the world’s oldest urban civilizations 38 flourished between 2700 and 1700 BCE – contemporary with the cities of Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt. The Indus valley civilisation is known from archaeological excavations of its brick-built cities with draining systems and hot baths, which made it one of the most advanced cultures of its time. • From caves, temples and mosques to palaces and stupas, India boasts an architectural diversity like no other country in the world. This incredibly rich heritage has developed over nearly 4000 years, during which time India absorbed many different political, religious and artistic influences. • Indian crafts include metalwork, wood work, cloth, textiles and fabric, jewelry, terra cotta objects, pottery and objects made from cane and bamboo. Some crafts such as woodwork, painting and stonework are featured as architectural elements and as objects of art. The oldest crafts are those produced in prehistoric times and by the Indus civilization (See Indus Civilization). Some of the most elaborate were created under the great Mughal shahs in 16th and 17h centuries. Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL www.cuidol.in

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 39 Q1. What are heritage buildings? Write some ancient form of painting available in India. Ans. Any building which was constructed prior to 1950 in India comes under the category of Heritage buildings. There are so many heritage buildings in Rajasthan, Shimla as well as Mumbai. Cave paintings are the ancient form of paintings available in India. The oldest known cave painting in India is found in Bhimbetka (Madhya Pradesh) For Further Details Refer to SLM Q2. Where do you find Heritage hotels mostly in India? Write ssome example of colonial architecture in India Ans. In Rajasthan, India most of the old castles and palaces have been converted into the Heritage hotels. Victoria Terminus and Indian Institute of Advanced Studies are the best example of Colonial Architecture . For Further Details Refer to SLM www.cuidol.in Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

REFRENCES 40  Gupta, S.P. (2002), Cultural Tourism in India. New Delhi: Indraprastha Museum of Art and Archaeology.  Manoj Dixit and Charusheela. (2012). Tourism Products. Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh : New Royal Book Company.  Robinet, J., Sindhu, J. (2008), Indian Tourists, New Delhi,: Abhijeet Publications.  Chinmaya Yuva Kendra. (2008). Awakening Indians to India. Chinmaya Prakashan Publication.  Al Basham (2004). The Wonder That was India. United Kingdom: Picador Publication www.cuidol.in Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

41 THANK YOU For queries Email: [email protected] www.cuidol.in Unit-4 & 5 (BTT-103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL