E-LESSON-9 ,

IDOL Institute of Distance and Online Learning ENHANCE YOUR QUALIFICATION, ADVANCE YOUR CAREER.

BSc.TTM 2 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL Introduction to Tourism Industry Course Code: BTT 101 Semester: First SLM Units : 9 E-LESSON : 6 www.cuidol.in Unit-9 (BTT101)

INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TOTOURISM 33 OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION Student will be able to : Interdisciplinary approach is a process of connecting to more than one branch of Explain the distinguishing features of knowledge interdisciplinary research on tourism Discuss the relationship between tourism and In interdisciplinary approach to tourism we other subjects will try to understand analyze and describe complexity of tourism phenomenon by activating diverse institutionalized disciplines through vigorous interaction. www.cuidol.in Unit-9 (BTT101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

TOPICS TO BE COVERED 4 > Introduction > Economic Approach > Product Approach > Distinguishing features of interdisciplinary research on > Costs-Benefit Approach > Environmental Approach tourism > Interdisciplinary Approach > Institutional Approach > Historical Approach > Sociological Approach > Geographical Approach > Management Approach www.cuidol.in Unit-9 (BTT101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

INTRODUCTION 5 INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH Interdisciplinary approach comprises of combination of two or more academic disciplines into one. Furthermore,  It studies prospective of many disciplines  It does coproduction of knowledge  It not only compares but also implements collaboration and integration between disciplinary perspectives with a common purpose.  It creates dialogue between disciplines and mobilizes their expertise and tools without abolishing openness with other disciplines.  It co-constructs complex and evolving knowledge.  It makes possible the cooperation and skills integration at different levels of interaction.  It inspires the mechanisms of hybridization to help in creating new research fields. www.cuidol.in Unit-9 (BTT101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

 Interdisciplinary research on tourism is the organization of an interface between different disciplines and bodies 6 of knowledge that analyzes the exhibition and the present complexities of society’s touristic dimensions. Thus, the different disciplinary approaches are considered as complementary in short an organized coordination within a research process is known as interdisciplinary research. www.cuidol.in Unit-9 (BTT101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Distinguishing Features of Interdisciplinary 7 Research On Tourism Tourism is a phenomenon that is made of various components who work in coordination. Tourism at any destination would constitute of : Transportation Accommodation Food and beverage Culture Recreation and Biodiversity etc.  A synchronised garland of all the component completes the tourism requisite of a destination www.cuidol.in Unit-9 (BTT101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Basic Approaches to Tourism Institutional 8 Interdisciplinary Historical Environmental Tourism Sociological Geographical Costs- Benefit Product Economics Management www.cuidol.in Unit-9 (BTT101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Institutional Approach  Tourism phenomenon bears various intermediaries and institutions like tour operators, travel agencies etc, 9  Institutional approach is one of the foremost approach that studies these institutions  The tour operator develops and sells tour packages at wholesale rates and the travel agent is the mediator between tour operators and the tourists.  The tour package consists of transportation (airline, railways, cabs and bus services etc.), Accommodation ( Hotels, guest houses, lodges etc), food and beverage combined together by travel agents and tour operators.  Institutional approach does survey and studies these institutions with reference to their operating methods, problems, costs and economics.  The data is recorded and preserved in a database.  This database becomes the source of information for further research and inference by researchers, academicians and travellers. www.cuidol.in Unit-9 (BTT101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Historical Approach Tourism is a historic practice, which was witnessed a lot of vital transformations in natural and 10 physical environment globally. It is important to keep a record of these reforms and maintain the same. Historical approach involves analysis of historic events and tourism practices from evolutionary angle. Various historic events around the world has formed a basis to link past and present tourism practices in parts of the world, Historical analysis helps recognizing following factors in context to the development of tourism at a destination. Factors responsible for commencement of tourism at a destination. Sequential order of events towards development of tourism at the destination. Motives behind happening of events. Benefits of tourism related events taking place. Identification and indication of any possible negative impact of tourism, for any group, at the destination. www.cuidol.in Unit-9 (BTT101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Sociological Approach 11 Tourism, truly is a social activity, has a strong impact on the society. Tourism affects two components of the society at a destination, namely tourist and local community. Tourism activities impact the society at a destination as largely the locals are hosting most of the activities and services provided to the tourists on regular basis. The involvement of locals impacts local economy, upgradation of life style, exchange of culture and behaviour. Thus, having an overall socioeconomic impact. Local culture, art, food, folklores, costumes, handicrafts and dance attracts tourist to a particular destination. This involves the attention of sociologists to study the behaviour of individuals and groups of the people and impact of tourism on the society. This approach examines the impact on both components of the society i.e. tourist and local community in terms of culture, habits, customs and social classes. www.cuidol.in Unit-9 (BTT101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Geographical Approach  Geography is an integral part of tourism, attracting the interest of geographers in tourism and its spatial aspects.1 2  Geographical features related to tourism are hills, landscapes, water bodies, desserts, bio-diversity, flora and fauna etc.  Geography includes a rich treasure of components contributing to tourism at a destination.  Varied geographical locations, climates, seasonality gives rise to different tourism services, products and activities.  Geographical features makes tourism distinctive across the destinations.  This approach along with socioeconomic impact includes land utilization and demographic aspects.  The geographers approach focuses on:  Location of tourist areas  Movement of locals and tourists  Physical planning for development of landscapes etc, www.cuidol.in Unit-9 (BTT101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Management Approach 13 Management approach is firm oriented or enterprise approach. This approach focuses on management related activities which are required for carrying out tourism practices. This approach brings into use management practices like: Planning Controlling Organizing Research and Development Pricing Costing Advertising Marketing Promotion etc. Management approach is very much mandatory to carry out tourism related activities in a planned and effective manner, while keeping a check on positive and negative analysis of activities taking place at the destination www.cuidol.in Unit-9 (BTT101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Economic Approach 14  Tourism being a major contributor to the world economy has always been of interest for economists.  The main areas of concern for economists are:  Supply  Demand  Balance of payment  Foreign exchange earning  Employment creation  Expenditures  Developments  FDI (Foreign Direct Investment)  Economic multipliers, etc.  The limitation of economic approach is that it does not takes into consideration the environmental, cultural, psychological, sociological and anthropological approaches. The main focus of economic approach is on economic benefits like community empowerment, revenue generation, employment creation and foreign exchange earnings.  Along side a lot of positive economic impacts the approach also analyses negative economic impacts like economic leakage. www.cuidol.in Unit-9 (BTT101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Product Approach 15  Apart from natural attractions a tourist destination requires a variety of other tourism products.  These products are vital in adding value to the money hence improving tourist satisfaction.  The product approach involves study of various tourism products that are available, or can be made available at the destination.  The approach further studies how tourism products are produced, marketed and consumed.  For example, the product approach for studying luxury train seat as a tourism product may include:  How it is created  Agents engaged in buying and selling of seats  Financial support  Modes of advertising, etc.  Same approach can be used to study hotel rooms, restaurants, rental cars etc.  Limitation of the approach is that it is time consuming. www.cuidol.in Unit-9 (BTT101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Cost-Benefit Approach  The cost-benefit approach suggests along with the development of tourism at a destination, it is very important to1 6 discuss costs and benefits occurring from various activities involved in development of tourism at the destination.  The approach further suggests that advantages (benefits) and disadvantages (costs) should be listed down and help of various bodies like public authorities and private bodies should be accounted for enrichment of advantages and reduction of disadvantages.  It would lead to strong and effective result oriented decision making, also helps in rationalizing decision making in policy measures such as investments, legislative enactments and publicity campaigns.  There are two fundamental rules of cost benefit-approach  Clearly defined and feasible goals.  Alternative courses of action Lets discus these rules… Unit-9 (BTT101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL www.cuidol.in

Fundamental Rules of 17 Cost-benefit Approach 1. Clearly defined and Feasible Goals 2. Alternative courses of Action It is very essential to clearly state the goals, with any ambiguity, desired to be achieved This rule suggests that the decision maker through tourism development. It is equally should not just rely on single measure that important that the goals have to contain appeals but should also keep in consideration clear instructions on the actions required to other possibilities that have a potential of achieve them. success. One should always choose a course action between available alternatives after comparing costs and benefits of the alternatives. www.cuidol.in Unit-9 (BTT101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Environmental Approach  Environment is the major concern for the world due to issues like global warming, pollution, environmen1 t8al degradation by urbanization etc.  Governments along with environmentalists have become more active than ever for sustainability of earth.  Tourism over a period of time had approached environment as an asset for it.  In the name of development of tourism infrastructure and over tourism at certain destinations combine irresponsible tourists has shown adverse effects on the environment.  Looking at the need of the hour UNWTO suggested sustainable developmental goals for 2030 agenda which talks about a sustainable development of tourism along with sustainability of environment, society and economy.  The focus of environmental approach is to study the role and aspects of environment in development of tourism, keeping in mind sustainability and preservation of environment along with the development of Tourism www.cuidol.in Unit-9 (BTT101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Interdisciplinary Approach  Tourism accepts and supports ideally all aspects of our society, Research is being conducted and theory is being1 9 forward in many aspects.  Anthropological approach, since heritage and cultural tourism has been coming since primitive ages, calls for studies about the journey of transformation in human beings over the period of time.  Psychological approach, to study different behavioural patterns of tourist in relation to destinations, products and services related to tourism.  Political science approach is very important to study country’s policies and political approaches towards the tourism related activities and services like Visa and Taxation.  Tourism simultaneously touches different disciplines of knowledge be it economy, sociology, geography, anthropology, environment etc.  It is important for tourism industry to perform within the parameters of laws, regulations and legal environment, highlighting the importance of a legal approach. www.cuidol.in Unit-9 (BTT101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

SUMMARY  Interdisciplinary approach is a process of combining different disciplines of knowledge to look into new insights 2 0 and applications through various vigorous interactions.  Tourism phenomenon as discipline of knowledge is very vast, dealing with society, economy, environment, anthropology, management, etc.  Tourism can be approached through variety of approaches like  Institutional  Historical  Sociological  Geographical  Management  Economics  Product  Cost-Benefit  Environmental  Interdisciplinary www.cuidol.in Unit-9 (BTT101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 21 1. Tourism can not be approached by which Method? a) Historical b) Economical c) Chemical d) Sociological 2. Which approach is done since our heritage and cultural tourism is coming from primitive ages? a) Anthropological b) Economical c) Chemical d) Sociological 3. Planning and organizing are a part of which approach? a) Anthropological b) Economical c) Management d) Sociological 4. Location of destination and landscapes are a part of which approach? a) Anthropological b) Economical Answers- 1: c, 2:a, 3: c, 4: d c) Management d) Geographic All right are reserved with CU-IDOL www.cuidol.in Unit-9 (BTT101)

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 22 Q1. Explain the Historical approach of tourism. Ans.Tourism is a historic practice, which was witnessed a lot of vital transformations in natural and physical environment globally. It is important to keep a record of these reforms and maintain the same. Historical approach involves analysis of historic events and tourism practices from evolutionary angle. For Details please refer to SLM Q2. State two fundamental rules of Cost-Benefit approach. Ans. Clearly defined and feasible goals and Alternative courses of action For Details please refer to SLM www.cuidol.in Unit-9 (BTT101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

REFERENCES 23  McIntosh et.al. (2004). Tourism Principles. USA: Prentice Hall Publication.  Mill and Morrison. (2011).Tourism System. USA: Prentice Hall Publication.  Negi, Jagmohan. (1990).Tourism and Travel Concepts and Principles. Kolkata: Gitanjali Publishing House.  Kamra, K.K. and M. Chand.(2006).Basics of Tourism: Theory operation and practice. New Delhi: Kanishka Publication.  Bhatia, A.K. (1991).International Tourism. Ludhiana, Punjab: Kalyani Publications.  Seth, P.N. (1999). Successful Tourism Management (Vol 1 &2).New Delhi :Sterling Publishers. www.cuidol.in Unit-9 (BTT101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

24 THANK YOU For queries Email: [email protected] www.cuidol.in Unit-9 (BTT101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL