MAP603-eL1

IDOL Institute of Distance and Online Learning 1 IDOL Institute of Distance and Online Learning ENHANCE YOUR QUALIFICATION ADVANCE YOUR CAREER. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BAQ 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL Institute of Distance and Online Learning M.A. 2SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY All right are reserved with CU-IDOL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Course Code: MAP603 Semester: First Book ID: ………… Unit: 1-2 www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BAQ 101)

IDOL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Institute of Distance and Online Learning 33 OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION  1.Emphasize acquisition of knowledge beyond mere  memorization of facts. In this unit we are going to learn about the nature and definitions of social psychology. 2. Understanding of and ability to use certain   fundamental concepts and principles involved in  human behavior. Further the unit covers, the evolution of social  3. It will also provide an awareness of the major  psychology as different field in psychology problems and issues in the discipline of social and some significant developments. psychology.  4. Enable students to understand the forces that create group differences in patterns of social behavior, understand and tolerate the. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BAQ 101) INASTllITrUigThEtOaFreDIrSeTsAeNrvCeEdAwNiDthOCNULI-NIDEOLLEARNING

IDOL TOPICS TO BE COVERED Institute of Distance and Online Learning 4 > Nature of Social Psychology SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY > History of Social Psychology https://images.app.goo.gl/aMz6Yvz1WMxxFWDs8 www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BAQ 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Institute of Distance and Online Learning 5 •Social psychology is the part of psychology that studies human interaction: its manifestations, its causes, its consequences, and the psychological processes involved. • It is the field in which scientific methods are used as a medium to analyze individual’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and how they are affected by the presence of other people. •Social Psychology focus mainly on: understanding how and why social situations influences individuals thinking, feeling and behavior. •The study of the psychological processes people have in common that make them susceptible to social influence. https://images.app.goo.gl/fZuQVRPhjrvUnDRn9 www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BAQ 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Institute of Distance and Online Learning 6 DEFINITIONS •According to Gordon Allport (1954), social psychology is ‘the scientific investigation of how the thoughts, feelings and behaviors of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined or implied presence of others’. •Baron, Byrne and Suls (1989) define social psychology as 'the scientific field that seeks to understand the nature and causes of individual behavior in social situations‘. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BAQ 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Institute of Distance and Online Learning 7 The field of social psychology studies topics at both the intra- and interpersonal levels. Intrapersonal : those that pertain to the individual include emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition (the ways in which we think about ourselves and others). Interpersonal : those that pertain to dyads and groups include helping behavior, aggression, prejudice and discrimination, attraction and close relationships, and group processes and intergroup relationships. INTER PERSONAL SOCIAL INTRA PSYCHOLOGY PERSONAL STUDIES www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BAQ 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 8 Institute of Distance and Online Learning . www.cuidol.in https://images.app.goo.gl/RH72XiwPqmmY3AMC9 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL Unit-1(BAQ 101)

IDOL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY AS SCIENCE: NATURE Institute of Distance and Online Learning 9 The term science does not refer to a special group of highly advanced fields. Rather, it refers to two things: (1) a set of values and (2) methods that can be used to study The core values that all fields must adopt to be considered scientific in nature. Accuracy: A commitment to gathering and evaluating information about the world (including social behavior) in as careful, precise, and error-free a manner as possible. Objectivity: A commitment to obtaining and evaluating such information in a manner that is as free from bias as possible. Skepticism: A commitment to accepting findings as accurate only to the extent they have been verified over and over again Open-Mindedness: A commitment to changing one’s views—even those that are strongly held—if existing evidence suggests that these views are inaccurate www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BAQ 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL HISTORY OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Institute of Distance and Online Learning 10 • The early influences of psychology started with ideas from the ancient Greek philosophers, Aristotle and Plato. • Plato believed in a socio-centered approach. This meant that the state controlled the individual and encouraged social responsibility through social context. According to Plato, the basic foundation of man’s innate tendencies is influenced by education. • Aristotle believed in an individual centered approach. This meant that humans were naturally sociable. One of his most famous quotes is the statement: man is by nature a social animal. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BAQ 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL HISTORY OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Institute of Distance and Online Learning 11 The Birth and Infancy of Social Psychology: 1880s–1920s. • The American psychologist Norman Triplett, was the very first to publish the research article in social psychology in the 19th century (1897–1898). He tried to replicate his observation that bicyclists tended to race faster when racing in the presence of others than when simply racing against a clock. •This scientific approach to studying the effects of the social context on individuals’ behavior can be seen as marking the birth of social psychology. • Although Max Ringelmann conducted the research in the 1880s but wasn’t published until 1913. Ringelmann’s research also focused the effects of the presence of others on the performance of individuals. • The English psychologist William McDougall (1908), Edward Ross (1908) and Floyd Allport (1924) is credited for publishing the first book in the context of social psychology. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BAQ 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL HISTORY OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Institute of Distance and Online Learning 12 A Call to Action: 1930s–1950s • Adolf Hitler had dramatic impact on the field. As he rose to power and the terrifying consequences that followed made people around the world to become desperate for answers to social psychological questions about the causes of violence, prejudice, genocide, conformity and obedience, and a host of other social problems and behaviors. •In 1936, The Society for the Psychological Study of Social issues was formed by Gordon Allport and a number of other social psychologists. • In 1936, experimental research on social influence was published by a social psychologist named Muzafer Sherif. •One of the fundamental principles of Lewin is that behavior is a function of the interaction between the person and the environment. The principle later came known as the interactionist perspective (Blass, 1991), emphasized the dynamic interplay of internal and external factors. • Social psychologists sought to understand the prejudice, aggression, and conformity the war had brought to light. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BAQ 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL HISTORY OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Institute of Distance and Online Learning 13 Confidence and Crisis: 1960s–Mid-1970s •Stanley Milgram’s did research in the early and middle 1960s on obedience, which demonstrated individuals’ vulnerability to the destructive commands of authority. •Social psychologists considered how people thought and felt about themselves and others. They studied interactions in groups and social problems, such as why people fail to help others in distress. They also examined aggression, physical attractiveness, and stress. • It was also a time when the dominant research method i.e. the laboratory experiment was criticized on the grounds of it being unethical, prejudices of the experimenter, and that the theories being tested in the laboratory were historically and culturally limited. •Those who favored laboratory experimentation, on the other hand, contended that their procedures were ethical, their results were valid, and their theoretical principles were widely applicable www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BAQ 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL HISTORY OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Institute of Distance and Online Learning 14 An Era of Pluralism: Mid-1970s–1990s • More rigorous ethical standards for research were instituted, more stringent procedures to guard against bias were adopted, and more attention was paid to possible cross-cultural differences in behavior. • During the 1970s, social psychology began to take a pluralistic approach to its research methods, the integration of perspectives such as social psychology and cognitive psychology into a subfield called social cognition, and the development of international and multicultural perspectives. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BAQ 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL HISTORY OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Institute of Distance and Online Learning 15 Social Psychology in a New Century: What Is Trending Today? Several exciting themes and perspectives are helping to shape the beginning of social psychology’s second century. Integration of Emotion, Motivation, and Cognition: Individuals sometimes are faced with a conflict between two motivations that can affect cognitive processes: wanting to be right and wanting to feel good about oneself. Biological and Evolutionary Perspectives: Biological perspectives, including perspectives based on neuroscience, genetics, and evolutionary principles, are being applied to the study of social psychological issues such as gender differences, relationships, and aggression. Cultural Perspectives: Increasing numbers of social psychologists are evaluating the universal generality or cultural specificity. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BAQ 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL Institute of Distance and Online Learning 16 www.cuidol.in https://images.app.goo.gl/xktvmQ7bssDHD2R46 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL Unit-1(BAQ 101)

IDOL MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Institute of Distance and Online Learning 17 1. Who published the first social psychology textbook? (a) Floyd Allport (b) William McDougall (c) Edward Ross (d) Both (b) and (c) 2. A social psychologist is usually interested in studying the _____. (a) community (b) group (c) Individual (d) institution 3. Social psychology is the scientific study of how people ____, _____, and _______ one another (a) understand, feel about, act toward (b) perceive, think about, act toward (c) think about, influence, relate to (d) observe, influence, conflict with 4. Social psychology began to emerge as the vibrant field it is today during (a). the depression of the early 1930s when researchers examined the effects of deprivation on aggression and altruism (b) world War I when psychologists conducted studies of social conflict and cooperation (c) World War II when researchers performed studies of persuasion and soldier morale (d) the Korean War when psychologists examined the effects of brainwashing on prisoners of War www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BAQ 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL SUMMARY Institute of Distance and Online Learning 18 •Social psychology is the scientific study of how individuals think, feel, and behave in a social context. •Social psychology tends to focus on individuals, whereas sociology tends to focus on groups. In addition, social psychology is less likely than sociology to study the relation between broad societal variables and people’s behaviors and is more likely to use experimentation. •Early research by Triplett and Ringelmann established an enduring topic in social psychology: how the presence of others affects an individual’s performance. •Sherif ’s work laid the foundation for later studies of social influence, and the legacy of Kurt Lewin is still evident throughout much of social psychology. •Stanley Milgram’s experiments demonstrated individuals’ vulnerability to the destructive commands of authority. • During the 1970s, social psychology began to take a pluralistic approach to its research methods, www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BAQ 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Institute of Distance and Online Learning 19 1. Write a detailed note on the nature of Social psychology. Social psychology is the scientific study of how individuals think, feel, and behave in a social context. For further detail refer SLM. 2. Highlight the historical developments that helped social psychology attain status distinct from psychology. Social psychology has evolved over the years going through different phases. But after world war II social psychology saw a drastic shift in the areas of research like obedience, aggression and other topics. For further detail refer SLM www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BAQ 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL REFERENCES Institute of Distance and Online Learning 20 •Fiest,G.J.& Fiest,.J.(2008).Theories of Personality.7th edition. US: The McGraw-Hill Company. •https://info.psu.edu.sa/psu/maths/Erikson%27s%20Theory%20of%20Psychosocial%20Development%2 0(2).pdf •https://www.ukessays.com/essays/psychology/the-history-of-social-psychology-psychology-essay.php •Kassin,S., Fein, S. & Marcus, H.R.(2013). Social Psychology. 9th edition. USA: Cengage Publishers. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BAQ 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

IDOL Institute of Distance and Online Learning 21 THANK YOU For queries Email: [email protected] www.cuidol.in Unit-1(BAQ 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL