2_Review of ECONOMICS-II(Draft 2)

and to enable good governance in India to build a strong nation state. Two key features of Cooperative Federalism are: joint focus on the national development agenda by the Centre and States; and advocacy of State perspectives with Central Ministries. At the fourth Governing Council Meeting of NITI Aayog, held on 17 June 2018, the Prime Minister once again highlighted the importance of NITI Aayog as a platform to inspire cooperative federalism, stressing on the need for effective center-state cooperation to advance development outcomes and achieve double-digit and inclusive growth for India. It is the constant endeavor of NITI Aayog to evolve a shared vision of national priorities, sectors, and strategies with the active involvement of States, wherein States are equal stakeholders in the planning process as well. In keeping with this the present Vice Chairman of NITI Aayog, Dr. Rajiv Kumar committed himself to visit all States, to develop and offer a platform for resolution of inter-sectoral and inter-departmental issues in order to accelerate the implementation of the development agenda. NITI Aayog has also established models and programmes for development of infrastructure and to reignite and establish Private Public Partnership, such as the Centre-State partnership model: Development Support Services to States (DSSS); and the Sustainable Action for Transforming Human Capital (SATH) programme which is designed to help States improve their social sector indicators by providing them technical support. Further, with the aim of correcting regional developmental imbalance, NITI Aayog has taken special steps for regions needing special attention and support, like the North Eastern States, Island States and hilly Himalayan States by constituting special forums to identify their specific constraints, formulating special policies to ensure sustainable development takes place in these regions while also protecting their abundant natural resources. 9.2.4 India Knowledge Hub To build knowledge systems for the States and the Centre, NITI is pleased to announce the launch of “NITI Lectures: Transforming India”. Through the lectures, NITI Aayog aims to bring policy makers, academics, experts and 151 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

administrators of global repute to India, for the benefit of policy makers in States and the Centre. This is aimed at learning from global experience in development and good governance. The Transforming India Lecture Series is being inaugurated on August 26th, 2016 by the Hon’ble Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi. The first key note address – India and the Global Economy – is being delivered by the Hon’ble Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore, Shri Tharman Shanmugaratnam. NITI Aayog has created the India Knowledge Hub (IKH), a dynamic web portal, functioning as a repository to store and disseminate best practices from across the country. The Hon’ble Prime Minister places emphasis that states should not only learn from each other but capitalize on their strengths. Reflecting the spirit of cooperative federalism, the NITI Aayog launched the India Knowledge Hub so that districts, States, Central ministries and other government institutions can exchange knowledge on real-time basis and replicate practices that have worked in other areas. The portal serves as a dynamic sharing platform in which the key functionaries can directly upload best practices for replication in other regions. While, mostly the best practices are directly uploaded by the district collectors from any State/UT, Departments of State governments and Central Ministry can also upload the best practices in the portal. In its first phase, the portal is also being extended to certain non-government institutions which have requested access to upload best practices. Presently, there are over 400 best practices that are catalogued in 20 thematic areas, covering Digital India, e-governance, law and order and security, financial inclusion, health, nutrition, education, Public Private Partnership (PPP) among others. The best practices are examples of the innovative practices adopted in districts. It also provides a platform for valuable feedback and is visible to the public. To undertake other activities as may be necessary in order to further the execution of the national development agenda, and the objectives mentioned above. Planning Commission was an advisory body, and so is NITI Aayog. Main difference between 152 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

Planning commission and NITI Aayog is that while the former had powers to allocate funds to ministries and states, this function will be now of finance ministry. The role of states in the planning commission era was restricted. The states yearly needed to interact with the planning commission to get their annual plan approved. They had some limited function in the National Development Council. Since NITI Aayog has all chief ministers of states and administrators of UT in its Governing Council, it is obvious that states are expected to have greater role and say in planning/ implementation of policies. The Planning Commission (Hindi: ययययययययय, Yojana Aayog) was an institution in the Government of India, which formulated India's Five-Year Plans, among other functions. In his first Independence Day speech in 2014, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced his intention to dissolve the Planning Commission. It has since been replaced by a new institution named NITI Aayog. The Indian Planning Commission's functions as outlined by the Government's 1950 resolution are following:  To make an assessment in the material, capital and human resources of India, including technical personnel, and investigate the possibilities of augmenting those are related resources which are found to be deficient in relation to the nation's requirement.  To formulate a plan for the most effective and balanced utilization of country's resources.  To define the stages, on the basis of priority, in which the plan should be carried out and propose the allocation of resources for the due completion of each stage.  To indicate the factors that tend to retard economic development.  To determine the conditions which need to be established for the successful execution of the plan within the incumbent socio-political situation of the country. 153 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

 To determine the nature of the machinery required for securing the successful implementation of each stage of the plan in all its aspects.  To appraise from time to time the progress achieved in the execution of each stage of the plan and also recommend the adjustments of policy and measures which are deemed important vis-a-vis a successful implementation of the plan.  To make necessary recommendations from time to time regarding those things which are deemed necessary for facilitating the execution of these functions. Such recommendations can be related to the prevailing economic conditions, current policies, measures or development programmes. They can even be given out in response to some specific problems referred to the commission by the central or the state governments. 9.3 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PLANNING COMMISSION AND NITI AYOG 9.4 SUMMARY NITI Aayog = more a “think tank” than a finance distributing agency. NITI Aayog will provide Governments at the central and state levels with relevant strategic and technical advice across the spectrum of key elements of the policy. 154 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

With NITI Aayog, there will be multi-directional flow of policy (from Center to States, from States to Center, between ministries etc.) Better inter-ministry coordination. The NITI Aayog will develop mechanisms to formulate credible plans to the village level and aggregate these progressively at higher levels of government. The NITI Aayog will create a knowledge, innovation and entrepreneurial support system through a collaborative community of national and international experts. 9.5 KEY WORDS/ABBREVIATIONS  ATAL Tinkering Labs - ATL is an avenue of Central government of India to create an environment of scientific temperament, innovation, creativity amongst Indian Students. It is a stride towards a new India. Since the last few decades, our education system has seen a basic change in ideas or methods. Today, with this approach of inculcating Hands-on Methodology in the current education scenario we have resolved the need of the hour ATL lab would educate students essential 21st-century skills which will help them in developing their professional and personal skills.  B2B - Business-to-business (B2B or, in some countries, BtoB) is a situation where one business makes a commercial transaction with another. Business to business, also called B to B or B2B, is a form of transaction between businesses, such as one involving a manufacturer and wholesaler, or a wholesaler and a retailer. Business to business refers to business that is conducted between companies, rather than between a company and individual consumers. Business-to-business transactions are common in a typical supply chain, as companies purchase components and products such as other raw materials for use in the manufacturing processes. Finished products can then be sold to individuals via business-to-consumer transactions.  Blended learning - Blended learning is an approach to education that combines online educational materials and opportunities for interaction online with traditional place-based classroom methods. It requires the physical presence of both teacher and student, with some elements of student control over time, place, path, or pace. While students still attend \"brick- 155 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

and-mortar\" schools with a teacher present, face-to-face classroom practices are combined with computer-mediated activities regarding content and delivery. Blended learning is also used in professional development and training settings.Blended learning\" is sometimes used in the same breath as \"personalized learning\" and differentiated instruction.The terms \"blended learning\", \"hybrid learning\", \"technology-mediated instruction\", \"web-enhanced instruction\", and \"mixed-mode instruction\" are often used interchangeably in research literature.  Digital India - Digital India is a campaign launched by the Government of India to ensure the Government's services are made available to citizens electronically by improved online infrastructure and by increasing Internet connectivity or by making the country digitally empowered in the field of technology.The initiative includes plans to connect rural areas with high-speed internet networks. Digital India consists of three core components: the development of secure and stable digital infrastructure, delivering government services digitally, and universal digital literacy. 9.6 LEARNING ACTIVITY 1. State the difference between Planning Commission & NITI Aayog __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Note on NITI Aayog __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 9.7 UNIT END EXERCISES (MCQS AND DESCRIPTIVE) A. Descriptive Questions 1. Explain the composition of NITI Aayog 2. State the objectives of NITI Aayog 3. State the features of NITI Aayog 156 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

4. Write a short note on the establishment of NITI Aayog B. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) 1. Which of the following statement is correct about the NITI Aayog? (a) NITI Aayog was Formed 25 January 2016 (b) NITI Aayog comes under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (c) The full form of NITI Aayog is National institute for Transforming India (d) The NITI Aayog is a policy think tank of the Government of India 2. Which of the following is not the function of the NITI Aayog? (a) To evolve a shared vision of national development priorities sectors and strategies (b) To foster cooperative federalism (c) To give final approval to the Five Year Plans of India (d) To create a knowledge, innovation and entrepreneurial support system 3. Which of the following are functions of NITI Aayog? 1) Fostering cooperative federalism 2) Platform for resolution of inter-sectoral and inter departmental issues 3) Instrument to bring outside ideas into policy-making a) 1, 3 b) 1, 2 c) 2, 3 157 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

d) All of these 4. NITI Aayog is the think tank of the GOI a) True b) False 5. NITI Aayog is headed by the ___________ a) Prime Minister of India b) Finance Minister of India c) Chief Minister of Individual States d) Combination of all the above three Answers: 1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (a) 9.8 SUGGESTED READINGS  Bajpai, P. & Bhandari, L. (2009). Social and Economic Profile of India. Hyderabad: Orient black Swan.  Datt, R. & Sundram, K.P.M. (2007). Indian Economy. New Delhi: S. Chand & Co.  Dhar, P.K. (1999). Indian Economy. Ludhiana: Kalyani Publishers.  Ghosh, A. (2004). Bhartiya Arth Vivstha. Patiala: Punjabi University.  Gill, J.S. (2004). Evolution of Indian Economy. New Delhi: NCERT.  Gupta, K.R. & Gupta, J.R. (2009). Indian Economy. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers 158 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

 Jalan, B. (2008). India's Economy in the New Millennium. New Delhi: UBS Publishers.  Misra, S.K. & Puri, V.K. (2006). Indian Economy. Mumbai: Himalya Publishing House.  Sen, R.K. & Chatterjee, B. (2008). Indian Economy. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications.  Singh, B. N. (2008). Economic Reforms in India. New Delhi: APH Publishers.  Singh, B.N. (2008). Indian Economy Today: Changing Contours. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications.  Singh, C.G. (2005). Bharti Arth Shastar. Patiala: Punjabi University.  Soni, R.N. (2008). Leading Issues in Agriculture Economics. New Delhi: S. Chand & Co.  Tandon, B. & Tandon, K.K. (1998). Indian Economy. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hills Pub. Co.  Vasudeva, P.K. (2009). India & World Trade Organisation: Planning and Development. New Delhi: APH Publishers. 159 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)