BSC TTM_sem-1_Tourism resources in india_u-1

IDOL Institute of Distance and Online Learning ENHANCE YOUR QUALIFICATION, ADVANCE YOUR CAREER.

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE 2 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL (TRAVEL AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT)       TOURISM RESOURCES OF INDIA Course Code: BTT 103 Semester: First SLM Unit: 1 Unit: 1 www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103)

TOURISM RESOURCES OF INDIA 33 OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION To make students aware of the basic concepts of In this unit we are going to learn about the Tourism history and various concepts of tourism industry To develop an understanding of different components of tourism and its relevance for Under this you will learn and understand the Tourism departments nature and components of tourism. To make students understand the types and In this unit you will learn the implications of importance of tourism products. tourism in today’s scenario. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTTT110033)) INSTITUTE OF DAISllTAriNgChEt aArNeDreOsNeLrvINeEdLwEiAthRNCIUN-GIDOL

TOPICS TO BE COVERED 4 > History of Tourism > Core Concepts of Tourism > Nature & Importance of Tourism > Tourism Products www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

INTRODUCTION TO TOURISM 5 • Tourism Comprised of activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes. (World Tourism Organization (WTO). • Tourism Temporary short-term movement of people to destinations outside the places where they normally live and work and their activities during their stay at these destinations. (Tourism Society in Britain). • Tourism is a dynamic and competitive industry that requires the ability to adapt constantly to customers’ changing needs and desires, as the customer’s satisfaction, safety and enjoyment are particularly the focus of tourism businesses. https://in.images.search.yahoo.com/yhs/searc h;_ylt=AwrxhZUbPvpdFX0A7p4O9olQ;_ylu=X 3oDMTBsZ29xY3ZzBHNlYwNzZWFyY2gEc2x rA2J1dHRvbg- www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

INTRODUCTION TO TOURISM 6 • The world ‘tour’ is derived from the Latin word tornus, meaning ‘a tool for making a circle’. Tourism may be defined as the movement of the people from their normal place of residence to another place ( with the intention to return) for a minimum period of twenty-four hours to a maximum of six months for the sole purpose of leisure and pleasure. • Tourism is distinguished from exploration in that tourists follow a “beaten path,” benefit from established systems of provision, and, as befits pleasure-seekers, are generally insulated from difficulty, danger, and embarrassment. Tourism, however, overlaps with other activities, interests, and processes, including, for example, pilgrimage. This gives rise to shared categories, such as “business tourism,” “sports tourism,” and “medical tourism” (international travel undertaken for the purpose of receiving medical care). www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

History of Tourism 7 ▪ Earlier travel was essentially to seek food or to escape danger. ▪ Travel was also undertaken for trade. ▪ Growth of cities along fertile river banks like Nile etc. encouraged water travel. ▪ Ancient empires like the Romans helped to shape modern travel. https://www.dw.com/en/how-euro Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL pean-tourism-all-began/a-1873812 3 www.cuidol.in

History of Tourism 8 ▪ THE EMPIRE ERA ▪ The Egyptians -At its peak the travel for business and pleasure flourished. ▪ Travel to outlining cities was necessary. ▪ Various amenities were offered to travellers. ▪ They travelled for pleasure and festivals were held every year. ▪ People used to travel to attend these festivals. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

History of Tourism 9 ▪ The Persians: ▪ They started travel initially for military use. ▪ Later facilities earlier used for military were transformed to facilitate travel. ▪ Roads were built, markers were established to indicate distances. ▪ Safety of travellers was given importance. ▪ Modes of transport like wagons, donkeys/mules were introduced. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

History of Tourism 10 The Greeks: • Greeks were the first, who shaped the modern day travel. • Pleasure travel was popular. Travel was advanced by two developments: • Currency exchange: Greek cities accepted foreign currency,hmttpask:/i/nsglidiet pelaayseire.crofmor/stlridaev/e6l0le23rs9.18/ • Communication: The Greek empire covered the entire Mediterranean thus the language was widely understood. They provided all the amenities required. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

History of Tourism 11 ▪ The Romans : • The prosperity of the Roman empire was reflected in the development of travel. • The Romans included a large group of middle class who had money and time to travel. • They built excellent roads, transportation and communication systems. • They built rest houses. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

History of Tourism 12 ▪ Industrial Revolution & Transition Period : ▪ The Industrial Revolution saw the power of inventions, like steamships, steam engines, railway network, power looms and rapid mechanization leading to mass industrial production. ▪ This was the period when population started moving from rural to urban areas. The focus of travel now shifted to business, from education or pilgrimage. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Father Of Tourism And Travel 13 • Thomas Cook is considered the Father of modern Tourism. • His first organized trip was ‘Leicester to Loughborough ’ in 1841. • It covered a distance of 22 km for 570 members. • He acted as an agent by buying tickets in bulk and selling it to others on a non profit basis. • This gave him an idea to package tours in a profitable manner. • He organized the travel arrangements, accommodations, transport at the destinations and return to the homeland. • He organized the first ‘inclusive tour’ to Paris Exhibition in 1855. • ‘Hotel voucher’ was introduced by Thomas Cook in 1867 and ‘Circular Note’ in 1873 which made travel easier. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Components of Tourism 14 www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Components of Tourism 15 The basic components or 4’A’ s of tourism are as follows: 1) ATTRACTION: • It is the most important element & object that attract people to travel. • It includes cultural sites, archeological sites, historical buildings & monuments or scenery like flora & fauna, beach, resorts, mountains, national parks. • It also includes events like trade fairs, exhibitions, sports events etc. • It is the preconditions of travel. It attracts the people & provides pleasure. • It attracts & attaches people to enjoy & involve in tourism activities. Types of Attraction: a) Natural Attraction: Attraction places made by nature. E.g. climate, natural beauty, landscape, mountains, water resources, flora & fauna, wild life, beaches, safari, caves etc. b) Man-Made Attraction: Attraction developed by man. E.g. historical buildings, monuments, music, festivals, temples, churches, leisure parks, Disney lands, museums, discos, casinos etc. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Components of Tourism 16 2) ACCESSIBILITY: • It is important key factor for the development of tourism. • Attraction may be wherever but without accessibility can’t reach towards that place. • It is the mode of transportation which helps the tourist to reach the destination. Type of transportation: a) Surface: Transportation in land through roadways or railways. It is the cheapest means of transportation. b) Air Transportation: Transportation through airways to travel long distance. It has helped a lot as people can travel long journey as well as they can travel through high mountains. c) Water Transportation: Transportation through water. It made important contribution to travel in 19th century after the innovation of shipping technology. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Components of Tourism 17 3) ACCOMMODATION: • It includes food & lodging facilities to the guest. • It should be comfortable and services & facilities should be provided. Types of accommodation: a) Serviced Accommodation: It refers to the services provided by the hotel, lodges etc. Different hotels are established to provide service of lodging & food to the guest. b) Self Catering or Supplementary Accommodation: It refers to the premises which offer accommodation but not the services of hotel. It provides food & accommodation in return of cash per day. E.g. Youth Hostel, Dharmasalas, Pati-Pauwa, Tourist holiday villages etc. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Components of Tourism 18 4) AMENITIES: • Extra facilities & services required to the guest while traveling. • Facilities complement to the attraction. • It also provides facilities like providing visa, tickets etc. • Types of amenities: a) Natural: Seashores, sea bath, fishing, rock climbing, trekking, sightseeing, river, sunrise etc. b) Man made: Dance, Music, Drama, Cinema, Swimming Pool, Fair & Festivals, and Internet etc. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Elements of Tourism 19 Elements of tourism: - There are certain elements or ingredients of tourism. They are the fundamental attractions of tourism. They are. 1. Pleasing weather 2. Scenic attractions 3. Historical and cultural factors. 4. Accessibility 5. Amenities 6. Accommodation 7. safety and security 8. Other factors a. Guide/ escort facilities. b. Basic medical facilities. c. Electricity d. Water e. Communication system. https://okcredit.in/blog/how-does-the-tourism-industry-work/ www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Elements of Tourism 1. Pleasing weather: - Fine weather with warm sun shine is one of the most important attractions of an20y tourist place. Particularly good weather plays an important role in making a holiday pleasant or an unpleasant experience. Tourist from countries with extremes of weather Visit Sea beaches in search of fine weather and sunshine. Due to this many spas and resorts along the sea coasts come into existence. 2. Scenic attractions: - No doubt scenic attractions are very important factors in tourism. Scenery consisting of mountains, lakes, waterfalls, glaciers, forests, deserts, is strong forces attracting people to visit them. Thousands and thousands of tourists are attracted by the northern slopes of the Alps in Switzerland and Austria and the southern slopes at Italy and also Himalayan. Mountain slopes of India and Nepal. 3. Historical and cultural factors: - Historical and cultural interest exercised tremendous influence over travelers. Large numbers of tourists are attracted every year by the great drawing power of stratfood on avon in England because of its association with Shakespeare, or the city of Agra in India because of its famous leaning tower. 4. Accessibility: - Accessibility is another important factor of tourism. There should be accessibility for each and every location of tourist attractions. If their locations are inaccessible by the normal means of transport, it would be of little importance. All kinds of transport facilities are to be made available for such locations. The distance factor also plays am important role in determining a tourist’s choice of a destination. Longer distance cost much than to short distances. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Elements of Tourism 21 4. Amenities: - Facilities are very essential for any tourist centre. They are considered necessary aid to the tourist centre. For a seaside resort facilities like swimming, boating, yachting surf riding and such other facilities like deeming recreations and amusements are an important feature. There are two types of amenities viz. natural and man made. Beaches, sea-bathing, fishing, climbing, trekking, viewing etc. are come under the former category. 5. Accommodation: - The need and necessity of accommodation cannot be ignored in tourist destination. Accommodation plays a vital role in this field. Many changes have taken place in accommodation recently. New types of accommodation, particularly, holiday villages, apartment houses camping and caravan sites and tourist cottage etc, have become very popular. 6. Safety and Security: Safety and security are vital to providing quality in tourism. More than any other economic activity, the success or failure of a tourism destination depends on being able to provide a safe and secure environment for visitors. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Who is a Tourist? 22 • The person who is supposed to leave his/her hometown in order to visit a different area for the purpose of leaving an experience of shopping, entertaining, visiting, cultural & historical attractions, having fun and so on the condition that (subject to) she/he should return to his/her own place, stay no longer than 12 months, make use of a tourist activity and spend his/her on money. • Foreign tourists are foreign persons admitted under tourist visas (if required) for purposes of leisure, recreation, holiday, visits to friends or relatives, health or medical treatment, or religious pilgrimage. They must spend at least a night in a collective or private accommodation in the receiving country and their duration of stay must not surpass 12 months. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

23 www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Nature of Tourism 24 • Tourism is responsible travel to natural areas, which conserves the environment and improves the welfare of local people. • It is tourism based on the natural attractions of an area. Examples include birdwatching, photography, stargazing, camping, hiking, hunting, fishing, and visiting parks. These experiential tourists are interested in a diversity of natural and cultural resources. They want what is real, and they want to be immersed in a rich natural, cultural, or historical experience • From the standpoint of conservation, nature-based tourism provides incentives for local communities and landowners to conserve wildlife habitats upon which the industry depends – it promotes conservation by placing an increased value on remaining natural areas. As nature tourism becomes more important to the local economy, communities have additional incentive to conserve their remaining natural areas for wildlife and wildlife enthusiasts. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Significance of Tourism 25 • It is necessary for overcome the mounting stress and strain of modern life. • Tourism is a multi- discipline sector and is interlinked with several different industries and service sectors CONTRIBUTIONS • Regional development • Employment • Entertainment activities • Cultural and other hospitality services • Infrastructure • Transportation • Health • Education https://okcredit.in/blog/how-does-the-tourism-industry-work/ www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Significance of Tourism 26 SIGNIFICANCE OF TOURISM- 1. Social 2. Economic 3. Cultural 4. Environmental SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE In developing countries, the social exchange between the host country and the foreign tourist occur.It helps them to understand one another , not only in learning their languages but also their culture.It gives importance to community structure, family relationships, collective traditional life styles, ceremonies and morality. ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE Tourism is the one of the most important aspect for developing countries. • Both domestic and international tourism must be considered to evaluate the impact of tourism on the economy. • The level of economic activities of the area shall increase through the sale of products and services to the tourists. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Significance of Tourism 27 • CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE • Culture is about how people interact as observed through social interactions, social relations and material art fact • Cultural impacts of tourism refers to changes in the arts, artifacts, customs, rituals and architecture of a people. • The cultural significance of tourism that, it effects the host communities of direct and indirect relations with tourists, and of interaction with the tourism industry. • Other potential significance of tourism include: – Tourism as a force for peace – Strengthening communities – Facilities developed for tourism can benefit residents – Revaluation of culture and traditions – Encourages civic involvement and pride www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Significance of Tourism 28 ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE • Improved environmental management and planning • Hotels can increase the benefits to natural areas. • This requires careful planning for controlled development, based on analysis of the environmental resources of the area. • Proper planning can reduce expensive mistakes , avoiding the gradual deterioration of environmental assets. • Environmental awareness raising • Tourism has the potential to increase public appreciation of the environment • It spread awareness of environmental problems when it brings people into closer contact with nature and the environment. • This also give awareness of the value of nature and lead to environmentally conscious behavior and activities to preserve the environment. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Impact of Tourism in India 29 Tourism is an important, even vital, source of income for many regions and countries. Increased leisure time and changes in lifestyle and consumption have given renewed importance to tourism. Travel outside a person's local area for leisure was largely confined to wealthy classes, who at times travelled to distant parts of the world, to see great buildings, works of art, learn new languages, experience new cultures, and to taste different cuisines. Tourism also encourages respect for and preservation of monuments and heritage properties.” At the interface between culture and tourism lies a series of deep and challenging issues relating to how we deal with issues of political engagement, social justice, economic change, belonging, identity and meaning. Tourism is a cultural phenomenon. It both impacts cultures and society, and is shaped by cultures and society. There is a deep influence of tourists and tourism on host country. Tourism is genuinely powerful and unique force for change in the community. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Impact of Tourism in India Tourism emerged as the largest global industry of the 20th century. In the new millennium global 30 economy will be governed by technology, telecommunication and tourism. Tourism has the potential to create the maximum number of jobs. Tourism is an important, even vital, source of income for many regions and countries. Its importance was recognized in as \"an activity essential to the life of nations because of its direct effects on the social, cultural, educational, and economic sectors of national societies and on their international relations\". Increased leisure time and changes in lifestyle and consumption have given renewed importance to tourism, leisure and recreation in both the developed and the developing world, and tourism has become one of the fastest-growing industries in the world economy. According to, the motivations for individuals to travel are many and varied, but the foundation of tourism rests on three key elements (all must be operative) which form an equation: Tourism = leisure time + discretionary income + positive local sanctions www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Tourism in India 31 • Tourism in India is important for the country's economy and is growing rapidly. The World Travel and Tourism Council calculated that tourism generated ₹16.91 lakh crore (US$240 billion) or 9.2% of India's GDP in 2018 and supported 42.673 million jobs, 8.1% of its total employment. The sector is predicted to grow at an annual rate of 6.9% to ₹32.05 lakh crore (US$450 billion) by 2028 (9.9% of GDP). In October 2015, India's medical tourism sector was estimated to be worth US$3 billion, and it is projected to grow to US$7–8 billion by 2020. In 2014, 184,298 foreign patients travelled to India to seek medical treatment. • Over 10.93 million foreign tourists arrived in India in 2019 compared to 10.56 million in 2018, representing a growth of 3.5%. Domestic tourist visits to all states and union territories numbered 1,036.35 million in 2012, an increase of 16.5% from 2011.In 2014, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh were the most popular states for tourists. Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Agra and Jaipur were the five most visited cities of India by foreign tourists during the year 2015. Worldwide, Delhi is ranked 28th by the number of foreign tourist arrivals, while Mumbai is ranked 30th, Chennai 43rd, Agra 45th, Jaipur 52nd and Kolkata 90th. • The Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2019 ranked India 34th out of 140 countries overall. India improved its ranking by 6 places over the 2017 report which was the greatest improvement among the top 25% of countries ranked. The report ranks the price competitiveness of India's tourism sector 13th out of 140 countries. It mentions that India has quite good air transport infrastructure (ranked 33rd), particularly given the country's stage of development, and reasonable ground and port infrastructure (ranked 28th). The country also scores high on natural resources (ranked 14th), and cultural resources and business travel (ranked 8th). www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Types of Tourism 32 Tourism has two types and many forms on the bases of the purpose of visit and alternative forms of tourism. Tourism can be categorized as international and domestic tourism. International Tourism When people visit a foreign country, it is referred to as International Tourism. It further divides into two types; Inbound Tourism & Outbound Tourism. Inbound Tourism This refers to tourists of outside origin entering a particular country. When people travel outside their host/native country to another country, then it is called inbound tourism for that country where he/she is traveling. For example when a tourist from Indian origin travels to Japan then it is Inbound tourism for Japan because foreign tourist comes to Japan. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Types of Tourism Outbound Tourism: 33 This refers to tourists traveling from the country of their origin to another country. When tourists travel a foreign region than it is outbound tourism for his own country because he/she is going outside their country. For example when a tourist from India travel to Japan then it is outbound tourism for India and Inbound tourism for Japan. Domestic Tourism: The tourism activity of the people within their own country is known as domestic tourism. Traveling within the same country is easier because it does not require formal travel documents and tedious formalities like compulsory health checks and foreign exchange. In domestic tourism, a traveler generally does not face many language problems or currency exchange issues. Some most important forms of tourism are following as: Adventure Tourism, Atomic Tourism, Bicycle Tours, Beach Tourism, Cultural Tourism, Ecotourism, Geotourism, Industrial Tourism, Medical Tourism, Religious Tourism, Rural Tourism, Space Tourism, Sports Tourism, Sustainable Tourism, Virtual Tourism, War Tourism, Wildlife Tourism Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL www.cuidol.in

Types of Tourism in India Adventure tourism: 34 As a kind of tourism in India, adventure tourism has recently grown in India. This involves exploration of remote areas and exotic locales and engaging in various activities. For adventure tourism in India, tourists prefer to go for trekking to places like Ladakh, Sikkim, and Himalaya. Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir are popular for the skiing facilities they offer. Whitewater rafting is also catching on in India and tourists flock to places such as Uttranchal, Assam, and Arunachal Pradesh for this adrenalin-packed activity. Beach Tourism: India’s vast coastline and islands provides ample opportunities for fun packed tourism. Kerala, Goa, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep islands attract tourists in large numbers all around the year. Cultural tourism: India is known for its rich cultural heritage and an element of mysticism, which is why tourists come to India to experience it for themselves. The various fairs and festivals that tourists can visit in India are the Pushkar fair (Rajasthan), Taj Mahotsav (Uttar Pradesh), and Suraj Kund mela (Haryana). Sites like Ajanta & Ellora caves (Maharshtra), Mahabalipuram (TamilNadu), Hampi (Karnataka), Taj Mahal (Uttar Pradesh), Hawa Mahal (Rajasthan). www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Types of Tourism in India 35 Eco tourism Among the types of tourism in India, ecotourism have grown recently. Ecotourism entails the sustainable preservation of a naturally endowed area or region. This is becoming more and more significant for the ecological development of all regions that have tourist value. For ecotourism in India, tourists can go to places such as Kaziranga National Park (Assam), Gir National Park (Gujarat), and Kanha National Park (Madhya Pradesh). Medical tourism Tourists from all over the world have been thronging India to avail themselves of cost-effective but superior quality healthcare in terms of surgical procedures and general medical attention. There are several medical institutes in the country that cater to foreign patients and impart top-quality healthcare at a fraction of what it would have cost in developed nations such as USA and UK. The city of Chennai (Tamil Nadu) attracts around 45% of medical tourists from foreign countries. Wildlife tourism India has a rich forest cover which has some beautiful and exotic species of wildlife – some of which that are even endangered and very rare. This has boosted wildlife tourism in India. The places where a foreign tourist can go for wildlife tourism in India are the Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary, Keoladeo Ghana National Park (Rajasthan), and Corbett National Park (Uttarkhand). www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Tourism Products 36 As defined by UNWTO, a Tourism Product is \"a combination of tangible and intangible elements, such as natural, cultural and man-made resources, attractions, facilities, services and activities around a specific center of interest which represents the core of the destination marketing mix and creates an overall visitor experience including emotional aspects for the potential customers. A tourism product is priced and sold through distribution channels and it has a life-cycle www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Types of Tourist Products 37 The tourism products are grouped into the following types − Tourism Oriented Products (TOP) These are the products and services created primarily for the tourists and also for the locals. These products need a great share of investments in private sector. A few of them are − • Accommodations; For example, Taj, ITC Hotels. • Transportation; For example, Owning taxis, luxury buses, and boats. • Retail Travel Agents • Tour Operators • Shopping Centers such as malls • Cinema Theatres such as PVR • Restaurants for Food and Beverages • Tourism Information Centers • Museums, Temples, Gardens, and Theme parks www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Residents Oriented Products (ROP) 38 Here, the products and services are created mainly for the local residents staying at a particular tourist destination. This category requires investment in public sectors more. Some of them are − • Hospitals • Public Parks • Banks and ATMs • Petrol Pumps • Postal Service Intangible Products of Tourism- They include − • Bookings of accommodations, theatres, and at various sites. • Tourists’ experience by visiting a destination, eating at a restaurant, or performing an activity. • Tourists’ memory which is created by storing the details of events and experience on the tour. The high degree of satisfaction or dissatisfaction is often stored as a long term memory. • Transportation of tourists and their luggage from one place to another. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Tourism Industry 39 The tourism industry, also known as the travel industry, is linked to the idea of people travelling to other locations, either domestically or internationally, for leisure, social or business purposes. It is closely connected to the hotel industry, the hospitality industry and the transport industry, and much of it is based around keeping tourists happy, occupied and equipped with the things they need during their time away from home. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Tourism Industry 40 • It refers to all activity related to the short-term movement of people to locations away from where they usually reside. It is one of the world’s largest industries and the economies of many nations are driven, to a large extent, by their tourist trade. • It is also a wide-ranging industry, which includes the hotel industry, the transport industry and a number of additional industries or sectors. It is vital to understand that the tourist industry is linked to movement to different locations, based not only on leisure, but also business and some additional travel motivators. • With that being said, according to the most common definitions, the tourism industry does not cover activities related to travel where the person intends to stay in their destination for longer than one year. As an example, this means that expatriates and long-term international students are not technically classed as tourists. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Sectors of Tourism Industry 41 Sectors and Companies Within the Travel and Tourism Industry 1) Transportation The transportation sector is one of the most obvious sectors that falls under both the travel and tourism umbrellas, and is concerned with the movement of people from one location to another. This includes a wide variety of different types of travel, including air, road, rail and water-based methods. This sector enables tourism in the first place, but also provides tourists with a means of getting around after they arrive at their destination. Airline Industry, Car Rental, Water Transport, Coach Services, Railway,Spacecraft 2) Accommodation The travel and tourism industries also both contain the accommodation sector, with people requiring overnight accommodation for varying lengths of time. The accommodation industry offers a variety of different options for customers, catering to different tastes, budgets and requirements. In addition to providing shelter and a place to sleep, many companies in the accommodation sector also provide a range of other services. Hotels, Shared Accommodation, Hostels, Camping, Bed and Breakfast, Cruises, Farmhouse Accommodation and Agri-Tourism, Timeshare Accommodation www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Sectors of Tourism Industry 3) Food & Beverage 42 Food and drinks are basic human needs and the food and beverage industry caters these needs among tourists and travellers. Again, there are a wide range of different company types that fall within this sector, providing customers with an array of different options. Restaurants, Catering, Bars & Cafés, Nightclubs 4) Entertainment Once tourists or travellers arrive at their chosen destination, they will often need entertainment, even if that was not the primary purpose of their journey. However, in many cases, companies or establishments providing entertainment are one of the major attractions drawing people to a location in the first place. Some of the sub-categories within the entertainment sector of the travel and tourism industry are outlined below. Casino, Tourist Information, Shopping, Tourist Guides & Tours 5) Connected Industries Finally, there are a number of other industries that are more broadly linked to either the tourism industry, the travel industry, or both. These include companies that promote the interests of the travel industry itself; businesses that help to actually connect customers with travel and tourism products; and organisations that provide either practical support or logistical assistance for tourists and travellers. Financial Services, Travel Agents, Tour Operators, Online Travel Agencies, Tourism Organisations, Educational www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Summary 43 • Tourism is an activity done by an individual or a group of individuals which leads to a motion from a place to another, from a country to another for performing a specific task. It is a visit to a place or several places in the purpose of entertaining which leads to an awareness of other civilizations and cultures. • Tourist is a person who travels for pleasure, usually sightseeing and staying in hotels. He/she is supposed to leave his/her hometown in order to visit a different area for the purpose of leaving an experience of shopping, entertaining, visiting, cultural and historical attractive having fun. • Tourism industry is has emerged as one of the fastest growing industries in the world and economically important for rapid growth for India. There are various types of tourism branches in Incredible India. The Ministry of Tourism has identified 10 niche products for development, promotion, to attract tourists with specific interest and India as a 365 days’ tourist destination. • A tourism product is anything that can be offered for attraction, acquisition or consumption. It includes physical objects, services, personalities, places, organizations and ideas. Tourism product is a series of interrelated services, namely services produced from various companies (economically), community services and natural services. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Summary 44 • Tourism is an activity done by an individual or a group of individuals which leads to a motion from a place to another, from a country to another for performing a specific task. It is a visit to a place or several places in the purpose of entertaining which leads to an awareness of other civilizations and cultures. • Tourist is a person who travels for pleasure, usually sightseeing and staying in hotels. He/she is supposed to leave his/her hometown in order to visit a different area for the purpose of leaving an experience of shopping, entertaining, visiting, cultural and historical attractive having fun. • Tourism industry is has emerged as one of the fastest growing industries in the world and economically important for rapid growth for India. There are various types of tourism branches in Incredible India. The Ministry of Tourism has identified 10 niche products for development, promotion, to attract tourists with specific interest and India as a 365 days’ tourist destination. • A tourism product is anything that can be offered for attraction, acquisition or consumption. It includes physical objects, services, personalities, places, organizations and ideas. Tourism product is a series of interrelated services, namely services produced from various companies (economically), community services and natural services. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Frequently Asked Questions Q1. What do you mean by Tourism? 45 Ans. Tourism is an activity done by an individual or a group of individuals which leads to a motion from a place to another. Q2. What is Tourism Product ? Ans. A tourism product is anything that can be offered for attraction, acquisition or consumption. Q3. What is Dark Tourism ? Ans. One emerging area of special interest has been identified by Lennon and Foley as “dark” tourism. Q4. What is Doom Tourism ? Ans. Doom tourism trend involves traveling to places that are environmentally or otherwise threatened. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Frequently Asked Questions 46 Q5. What is the impact of COVID 19 on Indian Tourism? • Ans: The Indian Citizens and their close relatives cannot travel back and move freely under the scheme ‘travel bubble’ (repatriation living in the country since March) subjected to entry rules like their residing country’s quarantines. However, there is a minimal section of people who are allowed to visit India. It includes journalists, healthcare professionals, and some business travellers. Once you are entering India, you will be screened medically. Q6. What is the contribution of the tourism sector to India’s growth? • Ans: According to the World Travel and Tourism Council, the tourism sector has generated 17 Lakh crore revenue, i.e., 9.2 percent of India’s GDP in 2018. The sector created 42 million jobs, i.e., 8.1 percent of total employment. The tourism sector is expected to grow by almost 6.9% by 2028. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

REFERENCES 47 ▪ Andrew, E. (2003), Religious Influences on Personal and Societal Well-being, Social Indicators Research, Dordrecht, 62(1), pp. 144-149. ▪ Angie Kiesling (2002), What Customers Want?, Publishers Weekly, New York, 249(38), pp. 5-8. ▪ Ankomah, P.K., Crompton and Baker (1996), Influence of Cognitive Distance in Vacation Choice, Annals of Tourism Research, 23(1) pp. 133-138. ▪ Gartner, W.C. (1993), Image Formation Process, Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 2(3), pp. 191-216. www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) 4A7ll right are reserved with CU-IDOL

48 THANK YOU For queries Email: [email protected] www.cuidol.in Unit 1(BTT 103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL