E-LESSON-4 HISTORY _ CULTURE OF PUNJAB-1

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B.A. 2 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL HISTORY AND CULTURE OF PUNJAB Course Code: BAQ-103 Semester: First SLM Unit : 4 e-Lesson 4 www.cuidol.in Unit-4(BAQ103)

OBJECTIVES HISTORY AND CULTURE OF 33 PUNJAB INTRODUCTION After studying this unit, you will be able to: The Indo-Aryan peoples or the Indic peoples Acquaint the students about Aryans Life Styles are a diverse collection of ethno linguistic groups speaking Indo-Aryan languages, a Fundamentals of Indo-aryan migration theory subgroup of the Indo-European language Family. Critically analyse different theories regarding their original home of Aryans This unit will help student to understand theories regarding their original home of Aryans www.cuidol.in Unit-4(BAQQ110033) ) INASlTl ITriUgThEt OarFeDrIeSsTeArNvCeEd AwNitDh OCNUL-IIDNOE LLEARNING

TOPICS TO BE COVERED 4 > The Indo-Aryans > Original Home and Settlement in HISTORY & CULTURE OF Punjab PUNJAB > Fundamentals of Indo-Aryan Migration Theory http://www.renegadetribune.com/indo-aryan-humanitarianism/ www.cuidol.in Unit-4(BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

ARYANS 5 The word Aryan means Noble in Sanskrit/Persian. Please note that I’m not being biased but making a decision to choose to believe that Aryans are foreigners originating from the Eurasia region based on the archaeological evidences. ORIGIN OF ARYANS 3000 B.C — Aryan community is found to be existing in the region between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea. It is believed that over time Aryans have completely exhausted various resources available in that region. Being nomadic people, they set out to find new pasture of land to settle and exploit the available resources. https://dissolve.com/stock-photo/Indo-Aryan-settlement-ancient-India- www.cuidol.in Unit-4(BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

THE INDO-ARYANS The Indo-Aryan migrations started in approximately 1800 BCE, after the invention of the war chariot, and 6 also brought Indo-Aryan languages into the Levant and possibly Inner Asia. It was part of the diffusion of Indo-European languages from the proto-Indo-European homeland at the Pontic Caspian steppe, a large area of grasslands in far Eastern Europe, which started in the 4th-5th millennia BCE, and the Indo-European migrations out of the Eurasian Steppes, which started approximately in 2000 BCE. Diffusion of this culture and language took place by patron-client systems, which allowed for the absorption and acculturation of other groups into this culture, and explains the strong influence on other cultures with which it interacted https://madrascourier.com/opinion/the-role-of-a-horse-in-the-indo-aryan-migration-debate/ www.cuidol.in Unit-4(BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

ORIGINAL HOME AND SETTLEMENT IN 7 PUNJAB  Aryan “Race In the 1850s, Max Müller introduced the notion of two Aryan races, a western and an eastern one, who migrated from the Caucasus into Europe and India respectively. Müller dichotomised the two groups, ascribing greater prominence and value to the western branch.  Aryan Invasion The excavation of the Harappa, Mohenjo-daro and Lothal sites of the Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC) in t he 1920, showed that northern India already had an advanced culture when the Indo-Aryans migrated into the area. www.cuidol.in Unit-4(BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

ORIGINAL HOME AND SETTLEMENT 8 IN PUNJAB  Aryan Migration An early 20th century depiction of Aryans settling in agricultural villages in India. In the later 20th century, ideas were refined along with data accrual, and migration and acculturation were seen as the methods whereby Indo-Aryans and their language and culture spread into northwest India around 1500 BCE. www.cuidol.in Unit-4(BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

FUNDAMENTALS OF INDO-ARYAN 9 MIGRATION THEORY  Linguistics: Relationships between Languages The linguistic part traces the connections between the various Indo-European languages, and reconstructs the proto-Indo-European language. This is possible because the processes that change languages are not random, but follow strict patterns..  Archaeology: Migrations from the Steppe Urheimat The archaeological part posits an “Urheimat” on the Pontic steppes, which developed after the introduction of cattle on the steppes around 5200 BCE. This introduction marked the change from foragist to pastoralist cultures, and the development of a hierarchical social system with chieftains, patron-client systems, and the exchange of goods and gifts.  Anthropology: Elite Recruitment and Language Shift Indo-European languages probably spread through language shifts. Small groups can change a larger cultural area, and elite male dominance by small groups may have led to a language shift in northern India. www.cuidol.in Unit-4(BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

KEY WORDS/ABBREVIATIONS 10  The Indo-Aryans: The Indo-Aryan peoples or the Indic peoples are a diverse collection of ethno linguistic groups.  Aryan race: In the 1850s, Max Müller introduced the notion of two Aryan races.  Aryan invasion: The excavation of the Harappa, Mohenjo-daro and Lothal sites of the Indus Valley Civilisation www.cuidol.in Unit-4(BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Learning Activity 11 1.You are suggested to brief about the original home and settlement of Indo-Aryan in Punjab. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. You are required to identify the fundamentals of Indo-Aryan Migration Theory. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ www.cuidol.in Unit-4(BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Multiple Choice Questions 1. Indo Aryans population movements into the region and Anatolia from central Asia are generally 12 considered to have stated around…………. a)1600 BCE c) 1400 BCE b) 1500 BCE d) 1700 BCE 2. Migration by an Indo-European people was first hypothesized in the late a) 18th Century c) 19th Century b) 17th Century d) 16th Century 3. Which of the following the family of the teacher? a)Vedic c) Ashrama b) Yoga d) Gurukula Answers: 1. b) 2.a) 3.d) Unit-4(BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL www.cuidol.in

SUMMARY 13 The Indo-Aryan migrations were the migrations into the Indian subcontinent of Indo-Aryan people , an ascribed ethnolinguistic group that spoke Indo-Aryan languages, the predominant languages of today's North India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and the Maldives. The term ashrama means a stage in the long journey of life of a man. Bhramacharya was a first stage of life from birth to twenty five years of age. And in this period he acquired knowledge by leading the life of a student. www.cuidol.in https://www.udemy.com/blog/how-to-write-a-summary-of-an-article/ All right are reserved with CU-IDOL Unit-4(BAQ103)

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 14 1. Who are ethnolinguistic group? Ans: The Indo-Aryan migrations were the migrations into the Indian subcontinent of Indo-Aryan peoples an ascribed ethnolinguistic group that spoke Indo-Aryan languages. (For more information see SLM) 2. Write a note on Aryan Migration. Ans: An early 20th century depiction of Aryans settling in agricultural villages in India. In the later 20th century, ideas were refined along with data accrual, and migration and acculturation were seen as the methods whereby Indo-Aryans and their language and culture spread into northwest India around 1500 BCE (For more information see SLM) 3. What do you mean by Aryan Invasion? Ans: The excavation of the Harappa, Mohenjo-daro and Lothal sites of the Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC) in the 1920, showed that northern India already had an advanced culture when the Indo-Aryans migrated into the area. (For more information see SLM) www.cuidol.in Unit-4(BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

REFERENCES 15 •Basham, A.L.(1992). The Wonder that was India. Calcutta: Rupa Books. •Walia, J.M.(1992). A History of the Punjab. Ludhiana: Kalyani Publishers. •Joshi, L.M. and Singh, F.(1977). History and Culture of the Punjab.Vol. I. Patiala: Punjabi University www.cuidol.in Unit-4(BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

16 THANK YOU For queries Email: [email protected] www.cuidol.in Unit-1- BAQ103 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL